中国园林

基于眼动追踪和主观评价的高层建筑空中花园疗愈效益测度与优化

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李燕 , 杜宏武 ^*

中国园林 | 风景园林理论 2026,42(3): 68-75

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中国园林 |风景园林理论 2026 , 42 (3) : 68 -75

基于眼动追踪和主观评价的高层建筑空中花园疗愈效益测度与优化

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LI Yan, female, born in 1992 in Altay, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ph.D., Postdoctoral Researcher of College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, research area: restorative environment, computational urban design (Shanghai 200092)

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李燕　1992年生/女/新疆阿勒泰人/同济大学建筑与城市规划学院在站博士后/研究方向为恢复性环境、计算性城市设计（上海 200092）

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李燕　1992年生/女/新疆阿勒泰人/同济大学建筑与城市规划学院在站博士后/研究方向为恢复性环境、计算性城市设计（上海 200092）

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DU Hongwu, male, born in 1970 in Xiping, Henan Province, Ph.D., Professor and Doctoral Supervisor in School of Architecture, South China University of Technology, research area: high-density environments, urban public spaces, restorative environment (Guangzhou 510641)

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杜宏武　1970年生/男/河南西平人/博士/华南理工大学建筑学院教授，博士生导师/研究方向为高密度环境、城市公共空间及恢复性环境（广州 510641）

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李燕, 杜宏武^*

作者信息

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^* E-mail: hongwudu@scut.edu.cn

作者简介:

李燕　1992年生/女/新疆阿勒泰人/同济大学建筑与城市规划学院在站博士后/研究方向为恢复性环境、计算性城市设计（上海 200092）

杜宏武　1970年生/男/河南西平人/博士/华南理工大学建筑学院教授，博士生导师/研究方向为高密度环境、城市公共空间及恢复性环境（广州 510641）

Measuring and Optimizing Sky Garden Restoration Benefits in High-rise Buildings Based on Eye-tracking and Subjective Evaluation

Yan LI, Hongwu DU^*

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出版时间: 2026-03-10 doi: 10.19775/j.cla.2026.03.0068

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摘要

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空中花园对公众身心健康的积极影响已得到初步证实，但其在空间环境、生理反应、心理感受之间的系统机制仍需深入研究，空间要素层面的导控支持亦显不足。以空中花园为对象开展疗愈效益测度与优化研究，通过计算机视觉分析和文献荟萃明确空间构成要素及疗愈指标，采用眼动追踪与注意力恢复量表刻画疗愈过程视觉生理反应与心理感知，进而构建“空间-生理-心理”关联模型，识别关键空间指标并提出针对性干预建议。结果表明：1）空中花园空间尺度、视觉进深是纾解视觉生理压力重要因素；2）具身尺度促进心理放松与沉浸体验；3）虚实度、天空开阔度、设施整洁度对疗愈效益具有积极影响，而绿化景观作用呈双重性，需灵活选择绿化品质表征指标。

关键词

风景园林 / 空中花园 / 疗愈效益 / 空间-生理-心理 / 健康人居环境

Abstract

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As important supplementary green spaces in high-density urban environments, sky gardens have been increasingly recognized for their potential to promote public physical and mental health. Existing studies have preliminarily evidenced their restorative benefits; however, the underlying mechanisms linking spatial environmental characteristics, physiological responses, and psychological perceptions remain insufficiently understood. In particular, there is still a lack of evidence-based guidance at the level of specific spatial elements, which limits the translation of theoretical findings into practical design and optimization strategies. Against this background, this study takes sky gardens as a research object and aims to systematically measure, interpret, and optimize their restorative benefits from an integrated "spatial-physiological-psychological" perspective. First, drawing on computer vision-based semantic segmentation and a comprehensive literature review, key spatial composition elements and restorative indicators of sky gardens are identified, providing a quantitative foundation for subsequent analysis. Based on this framework, eye-tracking experiments are conducted to capture individuals' visual physiological responses during restorative processes, including attention allocation and visual stress indicators. Meanwhile, psychological restorative perceptions are assessed using the perceived restorativeness scale, covering dimensions such as being away, fascination, coherence, and compatibility. By integrating objective physiological data and subjective psychological evaluations, this study constructs a hierarchical association model linking spatial attributes, visual physiological responses, and psychological restorative outcomes. Subsequently, the proposed "spatia-physiological-psychological" model is applied to different types of sky gardens to identify key spatial indicators that significantly influence restorative benefits. To further enhance the applicability of the findings, an importance-performance analysis (IPA) is employed to distinguish priority spatial elements that require targeted intervention and optimization in design practice. This approach allows not only the identification of influential factors, but also the formulation of practical strategies for improving restorative performance under constrained urban conditions. The results reveal several notable patterns. First, spatial scale and visual depth are identified as critical factors in alleviating visual physiological stress, indicating that appropriate spatial openness and depth perception play a vital role in reducing visual load. Second, sky gardens designed at an embodied scale significantly enhance psychological restorative experiences, particularly in terms of temporarily forgetting responsibilities and obligations, alleviating fear and tension, and fostering immersive engagement with the environment. Third, users generally demonstrate a high level of acceptance of sky gardens within high-density urban living contexts. Among spatial attributes, void-to-solid ratio, sky openness, and facility cleanliness exhibit consistently positive effects on restorative benefits. In contrast, the effects of green landscapes are found to be dual in nature, showing both positive and negative influences depending on their spatial configuration and quality. This finding highlights the necessity of flexibly selecting appropriate indicators to represent greenery quality rather than relying solely on quantity-based measures. Overall, this study provides an integrated analytical framework for understanding and optimizing the restorative benefits of sky gardens by bridging spatial design, physiological responses, and psychological perceptions. By combining computer vision techniques, eye-tracking data, and subjective evaluations, the research offers evidence-based insights that support more precise spatial control and targeted design interventions. The findings contribute not only to the theoretical understanding of restorative environments in high-density cities, but also to the practical guidance for designing and upgrading sky gardens to better support public health and well-being.

Key words

landscape architecture / sky garden / restorative benefit / "spatial-physical-psychological" association model / healthy living environment

引用本文

李燕, 杜宏武. 基于眼动追踪和主观评价的高层建筑空中花园疗愈效益测度与优化. 中国园林, 2026 , 42 (3) : 68 -75 . DOI: 10.19775/j.cla.2026.03.0068

Yan LI, Hongwu DU. Measuring and Optimizing Sky Garden Restoration Benefits in High-rise Buildings Based on Eye-tracking and Subjective Evaluation[J]. Chinese Landscape Architecture, 2026 , 42 (3) : 68 -75 . DOI: 10.19775/j.cla.2026.03.0068

基金

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广东省自然科学基金面上项目(2025A1515011815)

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2026年第42卷第3期

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文章信息

doi: 10.19775/j.cla.2026.03.0068

接收时间：2024-05-08
首发时间：2026-07-08
出版时间：2026-03-10

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收稿日期：2024-05-08
修回日期：2024-09-13

基金

广东省自然科学基金面上项目(2025A1515011815)

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^* E-mail: hongwudu@scut.edu.cn

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgyl/CN/10.19775/j.cla.2026.03.0068

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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