Article(id=1322906740823556333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, issueId=1322887634511314961, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1621440000000, acceptedDateStr=2021-05-20, onlineDate=1793335145393, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1632931200000, pubDateStr=2021-09-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793335145393, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793335145393, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793335145393, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322887634511314961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, year='2021', volume='30', issue='18', pageStart='1633', pageEnd='1728', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1632931200000', pubDateStr='2021-09-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793330590131, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793337355310, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322916009916629692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, issueId=1322887634511314961, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322916009916629693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, issueId=1322887634511314961, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1655, endPage=1660, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322906741083603182, articleId=1322906740823556333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, language=EN, title=The mechanism of action of bicyclol on suppressing pulmonary fibrosis in silicotic rats, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of New Drugs, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective: To explored the inhibitory effect as well as the mechanism of bicyclol on pulmonary fibrosis in silicotic rats.
Methods: A silicotic rat model was established by intratracheal drip of silicon dioxide (SiO2) suspension. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Masson staining of rat lung tissues were performed for the exploration of the anti-fibrotic effect of bicyclol. Immunofluorescence (IF) and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining were used to observe macrophages aggregation and activation in rat lungs. Meanwhile, Western Blot assay was performed for further verification in cultured cells in vitro.
Results: Both macrophage aggregation and nodule formation were observed in rat lungs by HE staining 28 days after intratracheal drip, indicating successful establishment of the silicotic rat model. Compared with the control group, both pulmonary fibrosis and macrophage aggregation in lungs of silicotic rats with bicyclol treatment were suppressed significantly using HE and Masson staining. IF and IHC staining showed downregulation of the expression of both arginase-1 (Arg1) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in macrophages of silicotic rat lungs by bicyclol. Furthermore, inhibition of the expression of Arg1 and iNOS by bicyclol in RAW264.7 cells stimulated with SiO2 was observed using Western blot assay.
Conclusion: Bicyclol suppresses macrophages aggregation and activation via down regulating Arg1 and iNOS, resulting in a slow-down of the process of pulmonary fibrosis in silicotic rats, which is likely to be a novel strategy for the treatment of silicosis.
, authors=Yun ZHAN, Rui LI, Lu-lu WANG, Jian-dong JIANG, Yan-xing HAN, authorsList=Yun ZHAN, Rui LI, Lu-lu WANG, Jian-dong JIANG, Yan-xing HAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yan-xing HAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322906741511422191, articleId=1322906740823556333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, language=CN, title=双环醇抑制大鼠矽肺纤维化的机制研究, columnId=1236331161786569054, journalTitle=中国新药杂志, columnName=重大新药创制专项巡礼, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的: 研究双环醇对大鼠矽肺纤维化的抑制作用,并对其作用机制进行了初步探讨。
方法: 采用气管滴注二氧化硅(silicon dioxide,SiO2)悬液的办法建立大鼠矽肺模型,通过对大鼠肺组织的苏木素-伊红(hematoxylin-eosin,HE)染色及Masson染色观察双环醇对肺纤维化的作用,通过免疫荧光(immunofluorescence,IF)和免疫组化(immunohistochemical,IHC)检测大鼠肺内巨噬细胞的活化及聚集情况,并用Western Blot方法在体外培养的细胞中进行验证。
结果: 气管滴注SiO2 28 d之后,HE染色显示大鼠肺组织中出现大量巨噬细胞聚集并形成大小不一的结节,证实大鼠矽肺模型的成功建立;给予矽肺大鼠双环醇治疗,HE染色和Masson染色结果表明,与对照组相比,双环醇组大鼠肺纤维化程度及肺内巨噬细胞的聚集程度均有明显减弱;IF和IHC染色结果表明双环醇组大鼠肺组织巨噬细胞中精氨酸酶1(arginase-1,Arg1)和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(inducible nitric oxide synthase,iNOS)的表达均明显降低;对体外培养的RAW264.7细胞进行SiO2刺激然后给予双环醇处理,Western Blot结果表明双环醇同样能够抑制RAW264.7细胞中的Arg1和iNOS的表达。
结论: 双环醇可以通过下调巨噬细胞中Arg1和iNOS的表达,抑制巨噬细胞的聚集与活化,进而抑制大鼠矽肺纤维化进程,对尘肺治疗药物的探索具有潜在价值。
, authors=詹芸, 李瑞, 王璐璐, 蒋建东, 韩燕星, authorsList=詹芸, 李瑞, 王璐璐, 蒋建东, 韩燕星, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=韩燕星, authorNote=
, correspAuthorsNote=
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=《中国新药杂志》有限公司, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=6s4LYptuO/CaS1zkEkjq1g==, magXml=S1CJ1i7d63f2OqS1GZPybA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=ZdhDppy/uPzWLopbZUE/qA==, pdfFileSize=6331846, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=0EkwHwX2GbGnSl4ZJORV/Q==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1322906743382081780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=zhanyun@imm.ac.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322906743503716598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, authorId=1322906743382081780, language=EN, stringName=Yun ZHAN, firstName=Yun, middleName=null, lastName=ZHAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322906743583408375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, authorId=1322906743382081780, language=CN, stringName=詹芸, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=中国医学科学院药物研究所,天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室,北京 100050, bio={"content":"
詹芸,女,助理研究员,主要从事天然产物来源药物的药理研究。联系电话:(010)63017906,E-mail:zhanyun@imm.ac.cn。
"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=
詹芸,女,助理研究员,主要从事天然产物来源药物的药理研究。联系电话:(010)63017906,E-mail:zhanyun@imm.ac.cn。
, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322906743285612784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322906743298195697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, companyId=1322906743285612784, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322906743310778610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, companyId=1322906743285612784, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国医学科学院药物研究所,天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室,北京 100050)])]), Author(id=1322906743671488761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322906743780540667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, authorId=1322906743671488761, language=EN, stringName=Rui LI, firstName=Rui, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322906743856038140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, authorId=1322906743671488761, language=CN, stringName=李瑞, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=中国医学科学院药物研究所,天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室,北京 100050, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322906743285612784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322906743298195697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, companyId=1322906743285612784, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322906743310778610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, companyId=1322906743285612784, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国医学科学院药物研究所,天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室,北京 100050)])]), Author(id=1322906743939924223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322906744036393217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, authorId=1322906743939924223, language=EN, stringName=Lu-lu WANG, firstName=Lu-lu, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322906744116084994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, authorId=1322906743939924223, language=CN, stringName=王璐璐, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=中国医学科学院药物研究所,天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室,北京 100050, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322906743285612784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322906743298195697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, companyId=1322906743285612784, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322906743310778610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, companyId=1322906743285612784, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国医学科学院药物研究所,天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室,北京 100050)])]), Author(id=1322906744191582468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322906744300634374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, authorId=1322906744191582468, language=EN, stringName=Jian-dong JIANG, firstName=Jian-dong, middleName=null, lastName=JIANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322906744376131847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, authorId=1322906744191582468, language=CN, stringName=蒋建东, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=中国医学科学院药物研究所,天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室,北京 100050, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322906743285612784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322906743298195697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, companyId=1322906743285612784, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322906743310778610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, companyId=1322906743285612784, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国医学科学院药物研究所,天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室,北京 100050)])]), Author(id=1322906744460017929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=hanyanxing@imm.ac.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322906744640373003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, authorId=1322906744460017929, language=EN, stringName=Yan-xing HAN, firstName=Yan-xing, middleName=null, lastName=HAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322906744711676172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, authorId=1322906744460017929, language=CN, stringName=韩燕星, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=中国医学科学院药物研究所,天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室,北京 100050, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322906743285612784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322906743298195697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, companyId=1322906743285612784, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322906743310778610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, companyId=1322906743285612784, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国医学科学院药物研究所,天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室,北京 100050)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1322906744841699597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=bicyclol), Keyword(id=1322906744908808462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=silicosis), Keyword(id=1322906744980111631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=pulmonary fibrosis), Keyword(id=1322906745051414800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=SiO
2), Keyword(id=1322906745126912273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=macrophage), Keyword(id=1322906745206604050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=双环醇), Keyword(id=1322906745277907219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=矽肺), Keyword(id=1322906745353404692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=肺纤维化), Keyword(id=1322906745424707861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=二氧化硅), Keyword(id=1322906745483428118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=巨噬细胞)], refs=[Reference(id=1322906745747669273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=国家卫生健康委职业健康司. 尘肺病防治攻坚行动[J]. 人口与健康, 2020(12): 53-54., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322906745810583834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HOY R, CHAMBERS DC. Silicosis: an ancient disease in need of a dose of modern medicine[J].
Respirology, 2020, 25(5): 464-465., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322906745894469915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG QQ, LI Q, DONG L,
et al. Genotoxicity and embryotoxicity study of bicyclol methyl ether, main impurity in bicyclol[J].
Chin J Integr Med, 2019, 25(10): 743-749., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322906747542831388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=双环醇临床应用专家委员会. 双环醇临床应用专家共识-2020版[J]. 中华实验和临床感染病杂志(电子版), 2020, 14(3): 177-185., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322906747622523165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HU QW, LIU GT. Effects of bicyclol on dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver fibrosis in mice and its mechanism of action[J].
Life Sci, 2006, 79(6): 606-612., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322906747731575070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHEN YZ, LI NR, HE HW,
et al. Protective effect of bicyclol against bile duct ligation-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats[J].
World J Gastroenterol, 2015, 21(23): 7155-7164., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322906747836432671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHAO T, MAO L, YU Z,
et al. Therapeutic potential of bicyclol in liver diseases: Lessons from a synthetic drug based on herbal derivative in traditional Chinese medicine[J].
Int Immunopharmacol, 2021, 91(765-783): 107308., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322906747911930144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘艳红, 韩子明. 双环醇对UUO模型大鼠肾间质核转录因子κB和纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1表达的影响[J]. 中国实验方剂学杂志, 2011, 17(3): 205-209., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322906747995816225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王文生, 陈百泉. 双环醇对肺间质纤维化小鼠TGF-β1表达的影响[J]. 中国医刊, 2017, 52(12): 72-76., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322906748062925090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LEUNG CC, YU IT, CHEN W. Silicosis[J].
Lancet, 2012, 379(9830): 2008-2018., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322906748151005475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=蔡婷峰, 宋向荣, 李宏玲, 等. 不同时间点大鼠矽肺模型病理改变观察[J]. 中国职业医学, 2020, 47(4): 385-389., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322906748218114340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=11, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GU Y, ZHAO J, YAO XM,
et al. Effects of bicyclol on immunological liver fibrosis in rats[J].
J Asian Nat Prod Res, 2010, 12(5): 388-398., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322906748297806117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李定坤. 双环醇联合异甘草酸镁对肝硬化患者肝功能及肝纤维化程度的影响[J]. 实用中西医结合临床, 2020, 20(9): 17-18., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322906748385886502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=易建华, 李伟, 曾令兰, 等. 双环醇治疗慢性乙型病毒性肝炎肝纤维化及其作用机制[J]. 大连大学学报, 2006, 27(4): 27-30., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322906748457189671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘艳红, 韩子明. 双环醇对单侧输尿管梗阻大鼠肾间质纤维化的影响及其机制[J]. 临床儿科杂志, 2011, 29(9): 876-879., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322906748532687144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHOU Y, CHAI X. Protective effect of bicyclol against pulmonary fibrosis via regulation of microRNA-455-3p in rats[J].
J Cell Biochem, 2020, 121(1): 651-660., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322906748624961833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=16, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LESO V, FONTANA L, ROMANO R,
et al. Artificial stone associated silicosis: a systematic review[J].
Int J Environ Res Public Heal, 2019, 16(4): 568., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322906748687876394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=17, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=AKGUN M, ERGAN B. Silicosis in Turkey: is it an endless nightmare or is there still hope?[J].
Turk Thorac J, 2018, 19(2): 89-93., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322906748754985259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=18, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=孔海霞, 陈娟娟, 刘伟, 等. 肺巨噬细胞在矽肺肺纤维化发生发展中的作用[J]. 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志, 2012, 30(4): 318-320., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322906748822094124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=19, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张元元, 薄存香, 张放. 肺泡巨噬细胞在矽肺发病机制中的研究进展[J]. 中国职业医学, 2020, 47(1): 109-113., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322906748897591597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=20, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ORECCHIONI M, GHOSHEH Y, PRAMOD AB,
et al. Macrophage polarization: different gene signatures in M1(LPS+) vs. classically and M2(LPS-) vs. alternatively activated macrophages[J].
Front Immunol, 2019, 10: 1084., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322906748968894766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=21, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHOU D, HUANG C, LIN Z,
et al. Macrophage polarization and function with emphasis on the evolving roles of coordinated regulation of cellular signaling pathways[J].
Cell Signal, 2014, 26(2): 192-197., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322906749036003631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=22, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李敏, 刘耕陶. 双环醇对脂多糖诱导巨噬细胞iNOS蛋白的表达和NF-κB活化的抑制作用[J]. 中国药理学通报, 2006, 22(12): 1438-1443., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1322906745571508503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, awardId=2018ZX09711001-011-003, language=CN, fundingSource=国家“重大新药创制”科技重大专项资助项目(2018ZX09711001-011-003), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1322906745638617368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, awardId=2020-I2M-1-003, language=CN, fundingSource=中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程资助项目(2020-I2M-1-003), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322906743285612784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322906743298195697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, companyId=1322906743285612784, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322906743310778610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980733773295621, articleId=1322906740823556333, companyId=1322906743285612784, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国医学科学院药物研究所,天然药物活性物质与功能国家重点实验室,北京 100050)])], figs=null, attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1235980159023624194, delFlag=0, nameCn=中国新药杂志, nameEn=Chinese Journal of New Drugs, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1003-3734, eissn=null, cn=11-2850/R, coden=ZXZHA6, periodic=3, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=ohPEEN//Vz1tDT3ZBNTp4Q==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Chinese Journal of New Drugs, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1772610233314, updatedTime=1788948968376, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13041195026, firstLetterCn=Z, firstLetterEn=Z, subjectCode=Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=ohPEEN//Vz1tDT3ZBNTp4Q==, picEn=f9WK9bvTM4guTmS/iGhOMg==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1304509780974924039, language=CN, name=中国新药杂志, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1788948968404, updatedTime=1788948968404, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://draft.newdrug.cn/journalx_zgxy/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=http://draft.newdrug.cn/journalx_zgxy/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=http://draft.newdrug.cn/journalx_zgxy/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1304509781025255688, language=EN, name=Chinese Journal of New Drugs, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1788948968416, updatedTime=1788948968416, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://draft.newdrug.cn/journalx_zgxy/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=http://draft.newdrug.cn/journalx_zgxy/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=http://draft.newdrug.cn/journalx_zgxy/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1235980733773295621, websiteList=[Website(id=1235982099191222761, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1235980733773295621, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgxyzz/CN, language=CN, createTime=1772610695884, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1772610860397, updateBy=18614031015, name=中国新药杂志-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=中国新药杂志, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1235983918629966444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1235982099191222761, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1772611129672, updateTime=1772611129672, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1235983918604800617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1235982099191222761, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1772611129666, updateTime=1772611129666, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1235983918655132271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1235982099191222761, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1772611129678, updateTime=1772611129678, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1235983918596412008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1235982099191222761, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgxyzz/CN/file/pic?fileId=W567vm71kFC7UhK9TSU6xw==, createTime=1772611129664, updateTime=1772611129664, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1235983918667715185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1235982099191222761, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1772611129681, updateTime=1772611129681, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1235983918617383531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1235982099191222761, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgxyzz/CN/file/pic, createTime=1772611129669, updateTime=1772611129669, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1235983918659326576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1235982099191222761, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1772611129679, updateTime=1772611129679, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1235983918613189226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1235982099191222761, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1772611129668, updateTime=1772611129668, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1235983918634160749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1235982099191222761, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1772611129673, updateTime=1772611129673, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1235983918646743662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1235982099191222761, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1772611129676, updateTime=1772611129676, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1235982099270914542, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1235980733773295621, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgxyzz/EN, language=EN, createTime=1772610695903, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1772610875891, updateBy=18614031015, name=中国新药杂志-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Chinese Journal of New Drugs, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1235983955829248630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1235982099270914542, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1772611138541, updateTime=1772611138541, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1235983955804082803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1235982099270914542, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1772611138535, updateTime=1772611138535, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1235983955854414457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1235982099270914542, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1772611138547, updateTime=1772611138547, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1235983955795694194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1235982099270914542, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgxyzz/EN/file/pic?fileId=W567vm71kFC7UhK9TSU6xw==, createTime=1772611138533, updateTime=1772611138533, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1235983955866997371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1235982099270914542, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1772611138550, updateTime=1772611138550, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1235983955820860021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1235982099270914542, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgxyzz/EN/file/pic, createTime=1772611138539, updateTime=1772611138539, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1235983955862803066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1235982099270914542, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1772611138549, updateTime=1772611138549, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1235983955812471412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1235982099270914542, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1772611138537, updateTime=1772611138537, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1235983955837637239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1235982099270914542, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1772611138543, updateTime=1772611138543, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1235983955846025848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1235982099270914542, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1772611138545, updateTime=1772611138545, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=中国新药杂志, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=http://www.newdrug.cn/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Chinese Journal of New Drugs, journalPhotoCn=ohPEEN//Vz1tDT3ZBNTp4Q==, journalPhotoEn=f9WK9bvTM4guTmS/iGhOMg==, journalFirstLetter=Z, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false, interPubPlatform=, interPubPlatformUrl=null), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgxyzz/CN/Y2021/V30/I18/1655, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgxyzz/EN/Y2021/V30/I18/1655, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgxyzz/CN/PDF/Y2021/V30/I18/1655, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgxyzz/EN/PDF/Y2021/V30/I18/1655, aliStartDate=0, aliEndDate=0, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, previewStatus=0, delFlag=0, hasFullText=0, orderTime=1632931200000, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=null)