Article(id=1241768178385228394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, issueId=1241768176522957402, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.05.14, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1679155200000, receivedDateStr=2023-03-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1709222400000, acceptedDateStr=2024-03-01, onlineDate=1773990204663, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1716566400000, pubDateStr=2024-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773990204663, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773990204663, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773990204663, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241768176522957402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, year='2024', volume='43', issue='5', pageStart='321', pageEnd='400', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773990204220, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773992176593, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241776449330414547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, issueId=1241768176522957402, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241776449330414548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, issueId=1241768176522957402, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=394, endPage=400, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241768178678829682, articleId=1241768178385228394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, language=EN, title=Adverse event signal mining of ramucirumab based on FAERS database, columnId=1207314224800440367, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of New Drugs and Clinical Remedies, columnName=Pharmacovigilance, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
AIM

To mine the adverse drug event (ADE) signals of ramucirumab based on the database of FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), so as to provide evidence for safe clinical medication.

METHODS

The ADE reports related to ramucirumab from the second quarter of 2014 to the fourth quarter of 2023 in the FAERS database were extracted, and the reporting odds ratio method of disproportional method and comprehensive standard method of British Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency were used for data mining and analysis.

RESULTS

A total of 4 704 ADE reports of ramucirumab were collected. Most reporting objects were male (58.38%), with the age of 65-85 (40.45%). The main sources of reported events was Japan (46.64%). A total of 140 ADE signals were detected,involving 18 system organ class (SOC). Among them, a large number of reports were general disorders and administration site conditions (18.04%), neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (15.82%), respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders (13.32%) and gastrointestinal disorders (12.83%). ADE signals with high frequency were basically consistent with the drug instructions. The ADE signals that need to be focused on clinically were mainly hemorrhagic ADE such as gastrointestinal bleeding, tumor bleeding, colorectal bleeding, and brainstem bleeding, as well as ADE of organ perforation.

CONCLUSION

The medication evaluation of patients should be done before using ramucirumab. During treatment, close attention should be paid to the occurrence of ADE such as bleeding and perforation, and timely intervention should be taken in case of abnormality.

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目的

基于美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)不良事件报告系统(FAERS)数据库挖掘雷莫西尤单抗的药品不良事件(ADE)信号,为临床安全用药提供参考。

方法

收集FAERS 数据库2014年第2季度至2023年第4季度的雷莫西尤单抗ADE报告数据,利用比例失衡法中的报告比值比法和英国药品和保健品管理局的综合标准法进行数据挖掘。

结果

共获得雷莫西尤单抗ADE报告4 704份,患者年龄集中于65~85岁(40.45%),以男性为主(58.38%),上报国家以日本为主(46.64%)。共检测到ADE信号140个,涉及18个系统和器官分类。报告数较多的有全身性疾病及给药部位各种反应(18.04%),良性、恶性及性质不明的肿瘤(15.82%),呼吸系统、胸及纵隔疾病(13.32%)和胃肠系统疾病(12.83%)。发生频次较高的ADE信号与药品说明书中的基本一致。临床需关注的ADE信号主要为胃肠道出血、肿瘤出血、大肠出血及脑干出血等出血性ADE和脏器穿孔ADE。

结论

临床使用雷莫西尤单抗前应做好患者的用药评估,治疗期间应密切关注患者出血和穿孔ADE发生情况,发现异常时应及时干预。

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梁海,E-mail:
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狄潘潘,男,主管药师,硕士,主要从事医院药学、数据挖掘与处理方面的研究,E-mail:

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狄潘潘,男,主管药师,硕士,主要从事医院药学、数据挖掘与处理方面的研究,E-mail:

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狄潘潘,男,主管药师,硕士,主要从事医院药学、数据挖掘与处理方面的研究,E-mail:

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Literature analysis of gastrointestinal perforation caused by bevacizumab[J]. Her Med, 2020, 39(1):112-116., articleTitle=Literature analysis of gastrointestinal perforation caused by bevacizumab, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241768195934195756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241768178385228394, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=68, issue=null, pageStart=38, pageEnd=46, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=34, authorNames=BAILEY CE, PARIKH AA, journalName=Cancer Treat Rev, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BAILEY CE, PARIKH AA. Assessment of the risk of antiangiogenic agents before and after surgery[J]. Cancer Treat Rev, 2018, 68:38-46., articleTitle=Assessment of the risk of antiangiogenic agents before and after surgery, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241768196022276142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241768178385228394, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=82, issue=5, pageStart=1, pageEnd=7, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=35, authorNames=ZHEN C, WANG YB, WANG HF, journalName=Br J Hosp Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHEN C, WANG YB, WANG HF, et al. Multiple cerebral infarction linked to underlying cancer: a review of Trousseau syndrome-related cerebral infarction[J]. Br J Hosp Med, 2021, 82(5): 1-7., articleTitle=Multiple cerebral infarction linked to underlying cancer: a review of Trousseau syndrome-related cerebral infarction, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241768196131328051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241768178385228394, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=29, issue=9, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=36, authorNames=BAO L, ZHANG SY, GONG XY, journalName=J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BAO L, ZHANG SY, GONG XY, et al. Trousseau syndrome related cerebral infarction: clinical manifestations, laboratory findings and radiological features[J]. 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参数分类例数占比/%
性别2 74658.38
1 32028.06
不详63813.56
年龄/岁≤17320.68
18~641 33028.27
65~851 90340.45
≥ 86210.45
不详1 41830.15
上报人员消费者1 11123.62
医护专业人员3 56175.70
不清楚320.68
上报国家(前5 位)日本2 19446.64
美国97820.79
德国2194.66
意大利1683.57
巴西1483.15
), ArticleFig(id=1241768187327484820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241768178385228394, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

雷莫西尤单抗ADE报告基本情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数分类例数占比/%
性别2 74658.38
1 32028.06
不详63813.56
年龄/岁≤17320.68
18~641 33028.27
65~851 90340.45
≥ 86210.45
不详1 41830.15
上报人员消费者1 11123.62
医护专业人员3 56175.70
不清楚320.68
上报国家(前5 位)日本2 19446.64
美国97820.79
德国2194.66
意大利1683.57
巴西1483.15
), ArticleFig(id=1241768187415565208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241768178385228394, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SOC信号数/个信号数的占比/%累计报告/例次累计报告例次占比/%
胃肠系统疾病2920.723612.83
全身性疾病及给药部位各种反应139.333218.04
呼吸系统、胸及纵隔疾病128.624513.32
良性、恶性及性质不明的肿瘤(包括囊肿和息肉)128.629115.82
感染及侵袭类疾病117.9834.51
血液及淋巴系统疾病107.21206.52
各类神经系统疾病96.4935.05
血管类疾病96.41126.09
肝胆系统疾病75.0392.12
各类检查64.3723.91
各类损伤、中毒及手术并发症53.6422.28
代谢及营养类疾病42.9231.25
皮肤及皮下组织类疾病32.1774.18
肾脏及泌尿系统疾病32.1774.18
免疫系统疾病21.4201.09
心脏器官疾病21.4221.2
各种肌肉骨骼及结缔组织疾病21.490.49
社会环境10.7100.54
), ArticleFig(id=1241768187520422812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241768178385228394, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

雷莫西尤单抗不良事件信号的系统器官分类(SOC)分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
SOC信号数/个信号数的占比/%累计报告/例次累计报告例次占比/%
胃肠系统疾病2920.723612.83
全身性疾病及给药部位各种反应139.333218.04
呼吸系统、胸及纵隔疾病128.624513.32
良性、恶性及性质不明的肿瘤(包括囊肿和息肉)128.629115.82
感染及侵袭类疾病117.9834.51
血液及淋巴系统疾病107.21206.52
各类神经系统疾病96.4935.05
血管类疾病96.41126.09
肝胆系统疾病75.0392.12
各类检查64.3723.91
各类损伤、中毒及手术并发症53.6422.28
代谢及营养类疾病42.9231.25
皮肤及皮下组织类疾病32.1774.18
肾脏及泌尿系统疾病32.1774.18
免疫系统疾病21.4201.09
心脏器官疾病21.4221.2
各种肌肉骨骼及结缔组织疾病21.490.49
社会环境10.7100.54
), ArticleFig(id=1241768187600114594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241768178385228394, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
PT频次PRRχ2ROR(95%CI)
恶性肿瘤进展a24830.547 051.8834.92(30.55, 39.92)
死亡2462.74284.133(2.63, 3.43)
间质性肺病11532.413 456.9934.41(28.48, 41.56)
高血压593.56106.923.64(2.81, 4.72)
腹水5324.141 149.4924.8(18.86, 32.6)
中性粒细胞减少症464.30113.904.38(3.27, 5.87)
发热性中性粒细胞减少症4510.31369.0910.53(7.83, 14.15)
蛋白尿4228.761 093.6429.39(21.63, 39.92)
周围神经病变a405.56145.485.66(4.14, 7.74)
食欲下降342.0417.152.06(1.47, 2.89)
肾病综合症3357.851 770.8558.84(41.64, 83.14)
肺炎a3116.33430.3216.59(11.63, 23.66)
输液相关反应299.03199.179.15(6.34, 13.21)
胃肠道出血293.6553.413.69(2.56, 5.33)
中性粒细胞计数减少289.44202.809.56(6.58, 13.89)
肿瘤出血a27119.612 999.78121.3(82.66, 178)
水肿a276.47119.546.55(4.48, 9.57)
出血262.7827.992.8(1.9, 4.13)
腹膜炎a2521.23460.6421.5(14.48, 31.92)
鼻出血254.2258.414.26(2.87, 6.33)
), ArticleFig(id=1241768189177172899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241768178385228394, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

雷莫西尤单抗不良事件报告例次排名前20位的风险信号

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
PT频次PRRχ2ROR(95%CI)
恶性肿瘤进展a24830.547 051.8834.92(30.55, 39.92)
死亡2462.74284.133(2.63, 3.43)
间质性肺病11532.413 456.9934.41(28.48, 41.56)
高血压593.56106.923.64(2.81, 4.72)
腹水5324.141 149.4924.8(18.86, 32.6)
中性粒细胞减少症464.30113.904.38(3.27, 5.87)
发热性中性粒细胞减少症4510.31369.0910.53(7.83, 14.15)
蛋白尿4228.761 093.6429.39(21.63, 39.92)
周围神经病变a405.56145.485.66(4.14, 7.74)
食欲下降342.0417.152.06(1.47, 2.89)
肾病综合症3357.851 770.8558.84(41.64, 83.14)
肺炎a3116.33430.3216.59(11.63, 23.66)
输液相关反应299.03199.179.15(6.34, 13.21)
胃肠道出血293.6553.413.69(2.56, 5.33)
中性粒细胞计数减少289.44202.809.56(6.58, 13.89)
肿瘤出血a27119.612 999.78121.3(82.66, 178)
水肿a276.47119.546.55(4.48, 9.57)
出血262.7827.992.8(1.9, 4.13)
腹膜炎a2521.23460.6421.5(14.48, 31.92)
鼻出血254.2258.414.26(2.87, 6.33)
), ArticleFig(id=1241768189340750759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241768178385228394, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
PT频次PRRχ2ROR(95%CI)
肿瘤穿孔a14652.867 653.89657.65(378.32, 1143.22)
穿孔a12193.932 049.35195.15(109.65, 347.31)
吻合口并发症a41574157.65463.84157.98(58.49, 426.67)
特鲁索综合征a3155.31310.67155.55(49.41, 489.68)
吻合口溃疡a3123.00246.30123.19(39.25, 386.66)
肿瘤出血a27119.61b2 999.78121.3(82.66, 178)
缝合线断裂a4102.24301.11102.45(38.1, 275.5)
化脓性肉芽肿a494.35277.6894.54(35.18, 254.06)
胃肠道穿孔a2465.721 450.2066.54(44.39, 99.73)
胃穿孔1460.79757.0761.22(36.1, 103.84)
肾病综合症3357.851 770.8558.84(41.64, 83.14)
十二指肠穿孔a455.79162.4455.9(20.87, 149.77)
食管穿孔a453.35155.1153.46(19.96, 143.2)
食管静脉曲张出血a845.72304.3745.9(22.86, 92.16)
恶性胸腔积液a542.48162.0542.59(17.65, 102.76)
大肠出血a740.80231.9240.95(19.45, 86.23)
脑干出血a338.5874.9838.64(12.41, 120.35)
动脉瘤破裂a338.1874.1638.24(12.28, 119.09)
间质性肺病11532.413 456.9934.41(28.48, 41.56)
小肠出血a531.39117.7031.47(13.06, 75.87)
), ArticleFig(id=1241768189479162796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241768178385228394, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

雷莫西尤单抗不良事件信号强度排名前20位的风险信号

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
PT频次PRRχ2ROR(95%CI)
肿瘤穿孔a14652.867 653.89657.65(378.32, 1143.22)
穿孔a12193.932 049.35195.15(109.65, 347.31)
吻合口并发症a41574157.65463.84157.98(58.49, 426.67)
特鲁索综合征a3155.31310.67155.55(49.41, 489.68)
吻合口溃疡a3123.00246.30123.19(39.25, 386.66)
肿瘤出血a27119.61b2 999.78121.3(82.66, 178)
缝合线断裂a4102.24301.11102.45(38.1, 275.5)
化脓性肉芽肿a494.35277.6894.54(35.18, 254.06)
胃肠道穿孔a2465.721 450.2066.54(44.39, 99.73)
胃穿孔1460.79757.0761.22(36.1, 103.84)
肾病综合症3357.851 770.8558.84(41.64, 83.14)
十二指肠穿孔a455.79162.4455.9(20.87, 149.77)
食管穿孔a453.35155.1153.46(19.96, 143.2)
食管静脉曲张出血a845.72304.3745.9(22.86, 92.16)
恶性胸腔积液a542.48162.0542.59(17.65, 102.76)
大肠出血a740.80231.9240.95(19.45, 86.23)
脑干出血a338.5874.9838.64(12.41, 120.35)
动脉瘤破裂a338.1874.1638.24(12.28, 119.09)
间质性肺病11532.413 456.9934.41(28.48, 41.56)
小肠出血a531.39117.7031.47(13.06, 75.87)
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基于FAERS数据库的雷莫西尤单抗不良事件信号挖掘
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狄潘潘 1 , 梁海 1 , 邢晓勤 1 , 贾淑云 1 , 王杰 2
中国新药与临床杂志 | 药物警戒 2024,43(5): 394-400
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中国新药与临床杂志 | 药物警戒 2024, 43(5): 394-400
基于FAERS数据库的雷莫西尤单抗不良事件信号挖掘
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狄潘潘1 , 梁海1 , 邢晓勤1, 贾淑云1, 王杰2
作者信息
  • 1.安徽医科大学附属亳州医院 药学部,安徽 亳州 236800
  • 2.蚌埠医学院 公共基础学院,安徽 蚌埠 233030
  • 狄潘潘,男,主管药师,硕士,主要从事医院药学、数据挖掘与处理方面的研究,E-mail:

通讯作者:

梁海,E-mail:
Adverse event signal mining of ramucirumab based on FAERS database
Pan-pan DI1 , Hai LIANG1 , Xiao-qin XING1, Shu-yun JIA1, Jie WANG2
Affiliations
  • 1.Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Bozhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Bozhou ANHUI 236800, China
  • 2.School of Public Basic, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu ANHUI 233030, China
出版时间: 2024-05-25 doi: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.05.14
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目的

基于美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)不良事件报告系统(FAERS)数据库挖掘雷莫西尤单抗的药品不良事件(ADE)信号,为临床安全用药提供参考。

方法

收集FAERS 数据库2014年第2季度至2023年第4季度的雷莫西尤单抗ADE报告数据,利用比例失衡法中的报告比值比法和英国药品和保健品管理局的综合标准法进行数据挖掘。

结果

共获得雷莫西尤单抗ADE报告4 704份,患者年龄集中于65~85岁(40.45%),以男性为主(58.38%),上报国家以日本为主(46.64%)。共检测到ADE信号140个,涉及18个系统和器官分类。报告数较多的有全身性疾病及给药部位各种反应(18.04%),良性、恶性及性质不明的肿瘤(15.82%),呼吸系统、胸及纵隔疾病(13.32%)和胃肠系统疾病(12.83%)。发生频次较高的ADE信号与药品说明书中的基本一致。临床需关注的ADE信号主要为胃肠道出血、肿瘤出血、大肠出血及脑干出血等出血性ADE和脏器穿孔ADE。

结论

临床使用雷莫西尤单抗前应做好患者的用药评估,治疗期间应密切关注患者出血和穿孔ADE发生情况,发现异常时应及时干预。

雷莫西尤单抗  /  药物不良反应  /  数据挖掘  /  血管内皮生长因子受体2  /  安全
AIM

To mine the adverse drug event (ADE) signals of ramucirumab based on the database of FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), so as to provide evidence for safe clinical medication.

METHODS

The ADE reports related to ramucirumab from the second quarter of 2014 to the fourth quarter of 2023 in the FAERS database were extracted, and the reporting odds ratio method of disproportional method and comprehensive standard method of British Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency were used for data mining and analysis.

RESULTS

A total of 4 704 ADE reports of ramucirumab were collected. Most reporting objects were male (58.38%), with the age of 65-85 (40.45%). The main sources of reported events was Japan (46.64%). A total of 140 ADE signals were detected,involving 18 system organ class (SOC). Among them, a large number of reports were general disorders and administration site conditions (18.04%), neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (15.82%), respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders (13.32%) and gastrointestinal disorders (12.83%). ADE signals with high frequency were basically consistent with the drug instructions. The ADE signals that need to be focused on clinically were mainly hemorrhagic ADE such as gastrointestinal bleeding, tumor bleeding, colorectal bleeding, and brainstem bleeding, as well as ADE of organ perforation.

CONCLUSION

The medication evaluation of patients should be done before using ramucirumab. During treatment, close attention should be paid to the occurrence of ADE such as bleeding and perforation, and timely intervention should be taken in case of abnormality.

ramucirumab  /  adverse drug reactions  /  data mining  /  vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2  /  safety
狄潘潘, 梁海, 邢晓勤, 贾淑云, 王杰. 基于FAERS数据库的雷莫西尤单抗不良事件信号挖掘. 中国新药与临床杂志, 2024 , 43 (5) : 394 -400 . DOI: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.05.14
Pan-pan DI, Hai LIANG, Xiao-qin XING, Shu-yun JIA, Jie WANG. Adverse event signal mining of ramucirumab based on FAERS database[J]. Chinese Journal of New Drugs and Clinical Remedies, 2024 , 43 (5) : 394 -400 . DOI: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.05.14
雷莫西尤单抗(ramucirumab)是一种靶向血管内皮生长因子受体2(VEGFR-2)的拮抗剂,可以阻止VEGFR-2与其配体血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的特异性结合,从而抑制配体诱导的肿瘤血管生成而达到抗肿瘤的目的1, 2。2014年4月,美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)首次批准雷莫西尤单抗上市3。2022年,雷莫西尤单抗在我国获批上市,用于治疗胃癌、非小细胞肺癌、直肠结肠癌及肝癌等多个癌种。临床试验表明,雷莫西尤单抗可显著延长晚期肝癌患者的总生存期和无进展生存期4。相较于厄洛替尼,雷莫西尤单抗联合厄洛替尼的治疗方案可使非小细胞肺癌患者的无进展生存期由12.4个月延长至19.4个月5。雷莫西尤单抗虽具有较好的抗癌作用,但其也有不可避免的药物不良反应(ADR),包括致命性动脉血栓栓塞和胃肠道穿孔等6, 7,此外,雷莫西尤单抗还会增加患者的高血压和出血的发生风险8, 9
雷莫西尤单抗说明书中现有的安全性数据全部来自临床研究,但由于临床研究涉及的患者有严格的纳入标准,且用药疗程和观察时间较短,难以发现一些迟发、罕见的药品不良事件(ADE)。另外,雷莫西尤单抗在我国上市时间短,处于新药监测期内,国内未见关于其安全性的大型数据研究。因此,及时、准确地发现雷莫西尤单抗的ADE风险信号显得尤为重要。本研究立足于FDA药品不良事件报告系统(FDA adverse events reporting system,FAERS)数据库,对雷莫西尤单抗相关ADE风险信号进行挖掘,以期为临床安全使用雷莫西尤单抗提供参考。
以雷莫西尤单抗英文通用名“ramucirumab”和商品名“Cyramza”为检索词在FAERS数据库中进行检索,收集雷莫西尤单抗自2014年第2季度(雷莫西尤单抗2014年4月在美国上市)至2023年第4季度的ADE报告。根据国际人用药品注册技术协调会开发的《国际医学用语词典》(Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities,MedDRA)(24.0版)ADE术语集中的首选术语(preferred term,PT)和系统器官分类(system organ class,SOC)对收集到的ADE进行描述和分类。选择以雷莫西尤单抗为首要怀疑药物的ADE报告,删除重复性报告以及不符合适应证或因产品储存错误等导致的不良事件报告,以减少偏倚。
目前广泛用于ADE信号检测的方法为比值失衡测量法,本研究采用比值失衡测量法中的报告比值比(reporting odds ratio,ROR)法和英国药品和保健品管理局(British Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency,MHRA)的综合标准法(简称MHRA法)对雷莫西尤单抗的ADE信号进行挖掘。ROR法和MHRA法均基于四格表法10。ROR法的阳性信号判定标准:病例报告数≥3,ROR值的95%置信区间(CI)下限>1,见公式(1)(2)。MHRA法的阳性信号判定标准:病例报告数≥3,比例报告比值(proportional reporting ratio,PRR)≥2,χ2≥411,见公式(3)(4)。ROR和PRR越大,说明信号越强。经ROR法和MHRA法双重筛选后均为阳性的信号则认定为雷莫西尤单抗的ADE信号。
A:目标药物的目标事件报告数;B:目标药物的其他事件报告数;C:其他药物的目标事件报告数;D:其他药物的其他事件报告数。
共检索到雷莫西尤单抗相关ADE报告4 704份。报告涉及的患者以男性为主58.38%),年龄多集中于65~85岁(40.45%);主要上报国家为日本(46.64%)和美国(22.14%)。见表1
经ROR法和MHRA法双重筛选,共挖掘到以雷莫西尤单抗为首要怀疑药物的ADE信号140个,涉及18个SOC,以胃肠系统疾病所包含的信号数最多(29个,20.7%);ADE信号累计报告1 840例次,报告最多的SOC为全身性疾病及给药部位各种反应(332例次,18.04%),其次为良性、恶性及性质不明的肿瘤(包括囊肿和息肉)(291例次,15.82%),呼吸系统、胸及纵隔疾病(245例次,13.32%)和胃肠系统疾病(236例次,12.83%)。见表2
风险信号报告次数较多的有恶性肿瘤进展、死亡、间质性肺病、高血压、腹水等,其中恶性肿瘤进展、周围神经病变、肺炎及腹膜炎等PT未被药品说明书收录。报告例次数排名前20位的风险信号见表3
雷莫西尤单抗ADE信号强度排名前20位的风险信号见表4。信号较强的有肿瘤穿孔、穿孔、吻合口并发症、特鲁索综合征、吻合口溃疡等,且信号强度排名前20位的风险信号中,仅胃肠道穿孔、肾病综合征和间质性肺病被药品说明书收录,大部分风险信号未被药品说明书收录。
本研究收集的雷莫西尤单抗相关ADE报告中,患者以男性为主。统计表明,胃癌、肺癌及肝癌等类型的癌症多发生于男性12,因此男性使用雷莫西尤单抗的机会高于女性,其相关ADE的发生率也随之升高。患者年龄集中于65~85岁,可能与老年人易患肿瘤及对药物的耐受性降低有关,提示老年男性患者在使用雷莫西尤单抗时更应注意ADE的防治。ADE报告的上报者以医护专业人员为主,但也包含23.62%的消费者,说明国外消费者有较高的维权意识。ADE上报国家以日本和美国为主,可能与雷莫西尤单抗较早在日本上市13且FAERS由美国FDA设立有关。本研究同时使用ROR法和MHRA法进行信号挖掘,共挖掘出140个ADE信号,其中发生频次较高的间质性肺病、高血压、发热性中性粒细胞减少症、腹水、蛋白尿、肾病综合征、输液相关反应、胃肠道出血及胃肠穿孔等已被雷莫西尤单抗说明书收录14,其信号也较强,说明本次研究结果具有较高的可信度。
本研究挖掘出的ADE信号涉及18个SOC,说明雷莫西尤单抗导致的ADE可能累及全身各个系统,提示临床在使用雷莫西尤单抗时应全面监测患者ADE的发生情况,并及时予以干预。
ADE信号数排名第1位的SOC为胃肠系统疾病,这与胃肠道系统相关阳性ADE信号检出较多有关,如胃肠道出血、胃肠道穿孔、十二指肠穿孔、食管穿孔、食管静脉曲张出血、大肠出血、小肠出血等,胃肠道不良事件种类多、范围广、轻重程度不一。临床试验荟萃分析也显示,雷莫西尤单抗与多种胃肠道ADE风险增加显著相关,如口腔炎、腹泻、胃肠道穿孔和出血等15, 16
累计ADE报告例次排名第1位的SOC为全身性疾病及给药部位各种反应。根据雷莫西尤单抗说明书,该药在首次或第二次使用期间或之后,易出现寒战/震颤、背痛/痉挛、胸痛/胸闷、畏寒、潮红、呼吸困难、喘鸣、缺氧和感觉异常等输液相关反应14,都属于全身性疾病及给药部位反应,导致该类型SOC的报告例次较高。死亡风险信号在本研究中报告例次排名第2,也计入全身性疾病及给药部位各种反应,这也可能是造成该SOC报告例次较高的因素之一。
累计ADE报告例次排名第2位的SOC为良性、恶性及性质不明的肿瘤(包括囊肿和息肉)。由于雷莫西尤单抗为抗肿瘤药物,因此良性、恶性及性质不明的肿瘤(包括囊肿和息肉)分类所包含的ADE可能与患者本身疾病进展有关,无法判断相关ADE是否由雷莫西尤单抗引起。
本研究中恶性肿瘤进展是发生频次最高的PT,这可能是因为FAERS数据库属于自发呈报系统,不可避免地会有非专业人员将疾病诊断作为ADE上报,该信号可能属于疾病本身的病程进展,但具体情况还需临床进一步证实。死亡是发生频次的排序第2位的PT,为重点关注的风险信号,推测可能与胃癌、非小细胞肺癌、直肠结肠癌及肝癌等具有较高的死亡率有关17。另外,年龄越大的癌症患者其死亡风险越高18,而本研究中老年患者占比40.45%以上,该年龄的患者对药物的耐受性及预后也更差,其死亡风险也更高。
本研究发现,雷莫西尤单抗相关的出血和脏器穿孔的信号强度及报告例次均较高,如多部位的胃肠道出血和胃肠道穿孔、脑干出血、鼻出血、肿瘤出血及肿瘤穿孔等,其中多个PT并未出现在雷莫西尤单抗说明书中。相关临床试验表明,雷莫西尤单抗可引起较为明显的出血不良事件。ZHU等19开展的一项Ⅲ期临床试验结果显示,接受雷莫西尤单抗单药治疗的癌症患者有26%会出现出血不良事件,其中多数为胃肠道出血,也有肺出血、鼻出血、牙龈出血和肝出血的病例。雷莫西尤单抗若联合其他抗肿瘤药物,出血风险还会进一步增加。如雷莫西尤单抗联合氟尿嘧啶、亚叶酸和伊立替康,会导致37%~48%的患者发生出血不良事件,而使用安慰剂联合氟尿嘧啶、亚叶酸和伊立替康的患者其出血发生率为22%~23%20。雷莫西尤单抗易导致出血不良事件的原因可能与其作用机制有关——该药为抗血管生成药物,该类药物会降低血管内皮的再生能力而导致出血21。虽然雷莫西尤单抗导致出血不良事件的严重程度一般≤2级,少数≥3级,但其可能导致的脑干出血和多部位的胃肠道出血仍不容忽视,尤其是伴凝血功能障碍的患者。
脏器穿孔是雷莫西尤单抗另一个较为重要的ADE风险信号,以胃肠道穿孔居多。研究表明,胃肠穿孔与雷莫西尤单抗有直接相关性22。荟萃分析显示,雷莫西尤单抗单药导致胃肠道穿孔的发生率为1.09%~1.5%,安慰剂为0.3%;若雷莫西尤单抗联合其他抗肿瘤药物(如紫杉醇、铂类或者培美曲塞),则胃肠道穿孔的发生率为1.5%,显著高于单用雷莫西尤单抗的对照组(0.7%,P=0.007)16,因此雷莫西尤单抗是癌症患者胃肠道穿孔风险显著增加的重要因素。发生胃肠道穿孔的患者其原发疾病多样,如胃癌23、肠癌24、肝癌25及肺癌26等。雷莫西尤单抗致胃肠道穿孔的发生率虽不高,但因穿孔部位会同时伴发出血,患者死亡率高达29.8%(95% CI:14.9%~50.7%)16,临床应给予足够重视。雷莫西尤单抗引起胃肠道穿孔的机制尚不清楚,推测可能是由于该药过度抑制VEGF导致胃肠道正常血管消退,从而导致胃肠道穿孔27。因此,临床在使用雷莫西尤单抗等可能导致脏器穿孔ADE的抗肿瘤药物时,需对患者进行严密的随访,详细告知患者药物治疗风险,同时提示患者避免使用非甾体抗炎药等可能增加脏器穿孔和出血ADE的药物。重点提示患者若出现突发性腹痛、腹部压痛等症状时,应及时就医28。一旦确诊发生脏器穿孔,应立即停止使用怀疑药物并综合考虑症状严重度、临床体征和出血风险等决定治疗措施。
另外,吻合口并发症和特鲁索综合征虽报告例次较少,但信号强度较强,提示该类ADE与雷莫西尤单抗呈强关联性。吻合口并发症的发生可能与雷莫西尤单抗的抗血管生成作用有关,这是因为血管生成是伤口愈合的重要步骤,而该药靶向血管生成途径,会干扰伤口愈合,从而增加手术伤口的并发症发生风险29。特鲁索综合征是一种副肿瘤综合征,主要表现为恶性肿瘤相关的神经系统病变,其会导致患者静脉或动脉出现血栓,从而导致脑梗死甚至死亡30, 31。而肿瘤患者本身处于血液高凝状态,容易形成血栓,因此特鲁索综合征也可能是肿瘤本身导致的,与使用雷莫西尤单抗无关。
本研究具有一定的局限性:(1)FAERS数据库中的ADE报告存在填写不规范和部分数据丢失的情况,导致结果存在一定的偏倚;(2)因无法获得使用雷莫西尤单抗但未出现ADE的临床数据,因而无法计算各ADE的发生率,使得真实世界中的ADE发生率无法估算;(3)ROR法和MHRA法仅表示雷莫西尤单抗和ADE之间的关联强度,无法确定其因果关系,因此还需进一步的临床研究和评估以探讨其因果关系。
综上所述,本研究通过对FAERS数据库中收集的雷莫西尤单抗相关ADE报告数据进行挖掘分析,获得的发生频次较高的ADE信号及其累及的SOC与雷莫西尤单抗说明书中基本一致,反映出本研究具有一定的可靠性。雷莫西尤单抗导致的ADE主要包括全身性疾病及给药部位各种反应,良性、恶性及性质不明的肿瘤(包括囊肿和息肉),呼吸系统、胸及纵隔疾病和胃肠系统疾病,其中常见ADE包括间质性肺病、高血压、发热性中性粒细胞减少症和腹水等。另外,雷莫西尤单抗与多种出血和脏器穿孔具有极强的关联性,临床须重点关注。本研究结果提示,临床在使用雷莫西尤单抗前应做好用药评估,使用过程中应密切检测患者各项指标,尤其要密切关注出血和穿孔情况,保障患者的用药安全。
  • 亳州市人民医院院级科研项目(by2023006)
  • 安徽医科大学校基金资助项目(2023xkj091)
  • 安徽省高等学校科学研究项目(2022AH051424)
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doi: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.05.14
  • 接收时间:2023-03-19
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-03-19
  • 录用日期:2024-03-01
基金
亳州市人民医院院级科研项目(by2023006)
安徽医科大学校基金资助项目(2023xkj091)
安徽省高等学校科学研究项目(2022AH051424)
作者信息
    1.安徽医科大学附属亳州医院 药学部,安徽 亳州 236800
    2.蚌埠医学院 公共基础学院,安徽 蚌埠 233030

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