Article(id=1241720039146049615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, issueId=1241720034091914228, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.06.13, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1677254400000, receivedDateStr=2023-02-25, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1710691200000, acceptedDateStr=2024-03-18, onlineDate=1773978727375, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1719244800000, pubDateStr=2024-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773978727375, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773978727375, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773978727375, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241720034091914228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, year='2024', volume='43', issue='6', pageStart='401', pageEnd='480', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773978726169, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773979021315, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241721272128828343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, issueId=1241720034091914228, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241721272128828344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, issueId=1241720034091914228, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=460, endPage=468, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241720039380930647, articleId=1241720039146049615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, language=EN, title=GLP-1 receptor agonists cause gastrointestinal adverse reaction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a network meta-analysis, columnId=1207314218647392369, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of New Drugs and Clinical Remedies, columnName=Original Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
AIM

To evaluate the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) on gastrointestinal adverse reactions in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

METHODS

The databases PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were systematic searched for randomized controlled trials of GLP-1RA for the treatment of T2DM from the time of construction until October 1st, 2023, with one GLP-1RA as the drug in the trial arm and placebo or another GLP-1RA as the drug in the control arm. Bayesian network meta-analysis was used to explore the risk of gastrointestinal adverse reactions, such as nausea, vomiting, anorexia, constipation, dyspepsia, and diarrhea.

RESULTS

Forty-five papers were included, involving 27 729 patients. The overall incidence of gastrointestinal adverse reactions caused by GLP-RA was 11.66%. Compared with placebo, tirzepatide caused the highest risk of nausea, diarrhea, dyspepsia, and anorexia, lixisenatide caused the highest risk of vomiting, and semaglutide caused the highest risk of constipation. Compared with placebo, all GLP-1RA except loxenatide significantly increased the risk of vomiting; all GLP-1RA except lixisenatide significantly increased the risk of diarrhea; all GLP-1RA significantly increased the risk of constipation except tirzepatide and lixisenatide; all GLP-1RA significantly decreased appetite and increased the risk of dyspepsia (P<0.05).

CONCLUSION

GLP-1RA significantly increased the risk of gastrointestinal adverse reactions in T2DM patients, and different drugs have different risks of various symptoms, among which tirzepatide has a higher risk of gastrointestinal symptoms, which deserves clinical attention and vigilance.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Cai-yun ZHENG, Mei-mei LIN, Heng-fen DAI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1241720042442772658, articleId=1241720039146049615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, language=CN, title=GLP-1受体激动剂致2型糖尿病患者胃肠道不良反应的网状Meta分析, columnId=1207314219226206329, journalTitle=中国新药与临床杂志, columnName=论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

评价胰高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂(GLP-1RA)对2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者胃肠道反应的影响。

方法

系统检索PubMed、Embase和Cochrane Library等数据库中自建库起至2023年10月1日GLP-1RA治疗T2DM的随机对照试验,试验组药物为一种GLP-1RA,对照组药物为安慰剂或另一种GLP-1RA。采用贝叶斯网状荟萃分析方法,探讨各GLP-1RA胃肠道不良反应发生风险,如恶心、呕吐、食欲减退、便秘、消化不良、腹泻等。

结果

共纳入文献45篇,涉及患者27 729例。GLP-1RA引起胃肠道不良反应的总发生率为11.66%。与安慰剂相比,替尔泊肽引发恶心、腹泻、消化不良、食欲减退的风险最高,利司那肽引发呕吐的风险最高,司美格鲁肽引发便秘的风险最高。与安慰剂相比,除洛塞那肽外,其余GLP-1RA均显著增加呕吐的风险;除利司那肽外,其余GLP-1RA均显著增加腹泻的风险;除替尔泊肽、利司那肽外,其余GLP-1RA均显著增加便秘的风险;所有GLP-1RA均能显著降低食欲及增加消化不良的风险(P<0.05)。

结论

GLP-1RA可增加T2DM患者发生胃肠道不良反应的风险,不同GLP-1RA引发各症状的风险不同,其中替尔泊肽引发消化道症状的风险较高,值得临床关注与警惕。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
戴亨纷
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=《中国新药与临床杂志》编辑部, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=UX08m3RJ7s21E4EQp+VPng==, magXml=kZN4NiFZGuD6QsODEbvYig==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=PxeW2qp35ItxZaspWRApSg==, pdfFileSize=5033173, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=GDJXmIRM6rSFciKE4fSVAw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=hRxgOve/6+3fAVBpKylvEg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

郑彩云,女,主管药师,硕士,主要从事临床药学合理用药与药物评价的研究,E-mail:

戴亨纷,男,主管药师,博士,主要从事代谢性疾病的基础与临床研究,E-mail:

, authorsList=郑彩云, 林妹妹, 戴亨纷)}, authors=[Author(id=1241720042916729040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=saiun1992@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241720042996420823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, authorId=1241720042916729040, language=EN, stringName=Cai-yun ZHENG, firstName=Cai-yun, middleName=null, lastName=ZHENG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.Affiliated Fuqing Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou FUJIAN 350300, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241720043101278428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, authorId=1241720042916729040, language=CN, stringName=郑彩云, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.福建医科大学附属福清市医院,福建 福州 350300, bio={"content":"

郑彩云,女,主管药师,硕士,主要从事临床药学合理用药与药物评价的研究,E-mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

郑彩云,女,主管药师,硕士,主要从事临床药学合理用药与药物评价的研究,E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241720042719596735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241720042727985345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, companyId=1241720042719596735, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Affiliated Fuqing Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou FUJIAN 350300, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241720042736373953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, companyId=1241720042719596735, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.福建医科大学附属福清市医院,福建 福州 350300)])]), Author(id=1241720043176775906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241720043310993644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, authorId=1241720043176775906, language=EN, stringName=Mei-mei LIN, firstName=Mei-mei, middleName=null, lastName=LIN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.Affiliated Fuqing Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou FUJIAN 350300, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241720043399074031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, authorId=1241720043176775906, language=CN, stringName=林妹妹, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.福建医科大学附属福清市医院,福建 福州 350300, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241720042719596735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241720042727985345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, companyId=1241720042719596735, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Affiliated Fuqing Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou FUJIAN 350300, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241720042736373953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, companyId=1241720042719596735, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.福建医科大学附属福清市医院,福建 福州 350300)])]), Author(id=1241720043503931639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=hengfendai2011@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241720043587817723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, authorId=1241720043503931639, language=EN, stringName=Heng-fen DAI, firstName=Heng-fen, middleName=null, lastName=DAI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.Affiliated Fuzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou FUJIAN 350009, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241720043684286719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, authorId=1241720043503931639, language=CN, stringName=戴亨纷, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.福建医科大学附属福州市第一医院,福建 福州 350009, bio={"content":"

戴亨纷,男,主管药师,博士,主要从事代谢性疾病的基础与临床研究,E-mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

戴亨纷,男,主管药师,博士,主要从事代谢性疾病的基础与临床研究,E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241720042824454344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241720042832842953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, companyId=1241720042824454344, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Affiliated Fuzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou FUJIAN 350009, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241720042837037260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, companyId=1241720042824454344, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.福建医科大学附属福州市第一医院,福建 福州 350009)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1241720043784950022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor), Keyword(id=1241720043889807629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=diabetes mellitus, type 2), Keyword(id=1241720043969499409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=meta-analysis), Keyword(id=1241720044057579799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=gastrointestinal adverse reactions), Keyword(id=1241720044141465885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=胰高血糖素样肽-1受体), Keyword(id=1241720044242129185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=糖尿病,2型), Keyword(id=1241720044330209574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=Meta分析), Keyword(id=1241720044414095658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=胃肠道不良反应)], refs=[Reference(id=1241720047689847148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=400, issue=10365, pageStart=1803, pageEnd=1820, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=AHMAD E, LIM S, LAMPTEY R, journalName=Lancet, refType=null, unstructuredReference=AHMAD E, LIM S, LAMPTEY R, et al. Type 2 diabetes [J].Lancet, 2022, 400(10365): 1803-1820., articleTitle=Type 2 diabetes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720047761150319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=183, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=SUN H, SAEEDI P, KARURANGA S, journalName=Diabetes Res Clin Pract, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SUN H, SAEEDI P, KARURANGA S, et al. IDF Diabetes Atlas:global, regional and country-level diabetes prevalence estimates for 2021 and projections for 2045 [J]. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2022,183: 109119., articleTitle=IDF Diabetes Atlas:global, regional and country-level diabetes prevalence estimates for 2021 and projections for 2045, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720047845036402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=157, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=SAEEDI P, PETERSOHN I, SALPEA P, journalName=Diabetes Res Clin Pract, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SAEEDI P, PETERSOHN I, SALPEA P, et al. Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9th edition [J]. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2019, 157:107843., articleTitle=Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9th edition, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720047941505398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=55, issue=6, pageStart=233, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=GRECO EV, RUSSO G, GIANDALIA A, journalName=Medicina (Kaunas), refType=null, unstructuredReference=GRECO EV, RUSSO G, GIANDALIA A, et al. GLP-1 receptor agonists and kidney protection [J]. Medicina (Kaunas), 2019,55(6): 233., articleTitle=GLP-1 receptor agonists and kidney protection, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720048021197177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=46, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=NAUCK MA, QUAST DR, WEFERS J, journalName=Mol Metab, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NAUCK MA, QUAST DR, WEFERS J, et al. GLP-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of type 2 diabetes-state-of-the-art [J].Mol Metab, 2021, 46 : 101102., articleTitle=GLP-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of type 2 diabetes-state-of-the-art, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720048113471867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=28, issue=23, pageStart=3290, pageEnd=3294, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=骆海燕, 谭婉珑, 张亚楠, journalName=中国药房, refType=null, unstructuredReference=骆海燕,谭婉珑,张亚楠,等. 胰高血糖素样肽1及其类似物治疗2型糖尿病的研究进展[J].中国药房, 2017, 28(23):3290-3294., articleTitle=胰高血糖素样肽1及其类似物治疗2型糖尿病的研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720048205746558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=59, issue=5, pageStart=954, pageEnd=965, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=FARR OM, SOFOPOULOS M, TSOUKAS MA, journalName=Diabetologia, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FARR OM, SOFOPOULOS M, TSOUKAS MA, et al. GLP-1 receptors exist in the parietal cortex, hypothalamus and medulla of human brains and the GLP-1 analogue liraglutide alters brain activity related to highly desirable food cues in individuals with diabetes: a crossover, randomised, placebo-controlled trial[J].Diabetologia, 2016, 59(5): 954-965., articleTitle=GLP-1 receptors exist in the parietal cortex, hypothalamus and medulla of human brains and the GLP-1 analogue liraglutide alters brain activity related to highly desirable food cues in individuals with diabetes: a crossover, randomised, placebo-controlled trial, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720048289632641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1996, volume=5, issue=4, pageStart=339, pageEnd=355, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=GELMAN A, RUBIN DB, journalName=Stat Methods Res, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GELMAN A, RUBIN DB. Markov chain Monte Carlo methods in biostatistics [J]. Stat Methods Res, 1996, 5(4): 339-355., articleTitle=Markov chain Monte Carlo methods in biostatistics, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720048407073156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1998, volume=7, issue=4, pageStart=434, pageEnd=455, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=BROOKS SP, GELMAN A, journalName=J Comput Graph Stat, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BROOKS SP, GELMAN A. General methods for monitoring convergence of iterative simulations [J]. J Comput Graph Stat,1998, 7(4): 434-455., articleTitle=General methods for monitoring convergence of iterative simulations, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720048520319369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=17, issue=11, pageStart=1056, pageEnd=1064, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=AHMANN A, RODBARD HW, ROSENSTOCK J, journalName=Diabetes Obes Metab, refType=null, unstructuredReference=AHMANN A, RODBARD HW, ROSENSTOCK J, et al. Efficacy and safety of liraglutide versus placebo added to basal insulin analogues(with or without metformin) in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial [J]. Diabetes Obes Metab,2015, 17(11): 1056-1064., articleTitle=Efficacy and safety of liraglutide versus placebo added to basal insulin analogues(with or without metformin) in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720048600011145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=41, issue=2, pageStart=258, pageEnd=266, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=AHMANN AJ, CAPEHORN M, CHARPENTIER G, journalName=Diabetes Care, refType=null, unstructuredReference=AHMANN AJ, CAPEHORN M, CHARPENTIER G, et al. Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide versus exenatide ER in subjects with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 3): a 56-week, open-label, randomized clinical trial [J]. Diabetes Care, 2018, 41(2):258-266., articleTitle=Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide versus exenatide ER in subjects with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 3): a 56-week, open-label, randomized clinical trial, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720048675508619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=36, issue=9, pageStart=2543, pageEnd=2550, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=11, authorNames=AHREN B, LEGUIZAMO DIMAS A, MIOSSEC P, journalName=Diabetes Care, refType=null, unstructuredReference=AHREN B, LEGUIZAMO DIMAS A, MIOSSEC P, et al. Efficacy and safety of lixisenatide once-daily morning or evening injections in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin(GetGoal-M)[J]. Diabetes Care, 2013, 36(9): 2543-2550., articleTitle=Efficacy and safety of lixisenatide once-daily morning or evening injections in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin(GetGoal-M), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720048763589005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=42, issue=9, pageStart=1724, pageEnd=1732, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=ARODA VR, ROSENSTOCK J, TERAUCHI Y, journalName=Diabetes Care, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ARODA VR, ROSENSTOCK J, TERAUCHI Y, et al. PIONEER 1: randomized clinical trial of the efficacy and safety of oral semaglutide monotherapy in comparison with placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes [J]. Diabetes Care, 2019, 42(9): 1724-1732., articleTitle=PIONEER 1: randomized clinical trial of the efficacy and safety of oral semaglutide monotherapy in comparison with placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720048830697871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=31, issue=2, pageStart=176, pageEnd=184, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=BOLLI GB, MUNTEANU M, DOTSENKO S, journalName=Diabet Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BOLLI GB, MUNTEANU M, DOTSENKO S, et al. Efficacy and safety of lixisenatide once daily vs. placebo in people with type 2 diabetes insufficiently controlled on metformin (GetGoal‐F1) [J].Diabet Med, 2014, 31(2): 176-184., articleTitle=Efficacy and safety of lixisenatide once daily vs. placebo in people with type 2 diabetes insufficiently controlled on metformin (GetGoal‐F1), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720048910389649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2004, volume=27, issue=11, pageStart=2628, pageEnd=2635, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=BUSE JB, HENRY RR, HAN J, journalName=Diabetes Care, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BUSE JB, HENRY RR, HAN J, et al. Effects of exenatide (exendin-4)on glycemic control over 30 weeks in sulfonylurea-treated patients with type 2 diabetes[J]. Diabetes Care, 2004, 27(11):2628-2635., articleTitle=Effects of exenatide (exendin-4)on glycemic control over 30 weeks in sulfonylurea-treated patients with type 2 diabetes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720049011052946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=374, issue=9683, pageStart=39, pageEnd=47, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=BUSE JB, ROSENSTOCK J, SESTI G, journalName=Lancet, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BUSE JB, ROSENSTOCK J, SESTI G, et al. Liraglutide once a day versus exenatide twice a day for type 2 diabetes: a 26-week randomised, parallel-group, multinational, open-label trial (LEAD-6) [J]. Lancet, 2009, 374(9683): 39-47., articleTitle=Liraglutide once a day versus exenatide twice a day for type 2 diabetes: a 26-week randomised, parallel-group, multinational, open-label trial (LEAD-6), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720049153659283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=154, issue=2, pageStart=103, pageEnd=112, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=16, authorNames=BUSE JB, BERGENSTAL RM, GLASS LC, journalName=Ann Intern Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BUSE JB, BERGENSTAL RM, GLASS LC, et al. Use of twice-daily exenatide in basal insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, controlled trial [J]. Ann Intern Med, 2011, 154(2):103-112., articleTitle=Use of twice-daily exenatide in basal insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, controlled trial, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720049271099796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=381, issue=9861, pageStart=117, pageEnd=124, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=17, authorNames=BUSE JB, NAUCK M, FORST T, journalName=Lancet, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BUSE JB, NAUCK M, FORST T, et al. Exenatide once weekly versus liraglutide once daily in patients with type 2 diabetes(DURATION-6): a randomised, open-label study[J]. Lancet,2013, 381(9861): 117-124., articleTitle=Exenatide once weekly versus liraglutide once daily in patients with type 2 diabetes(DURATION-6): a randomised, open-label study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720049354985877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=46, issue=2, pageStart=100, pageEnd=109, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=18, authorNames=CAPEHORN MS, CATARIG AM, FURBERG JK, journalName=Diabetes Metab, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CAPEHORN MS, CATARIG AM, FURBERG JK, et al. Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide 1.0 mg vs once-daily liraglutide 1.2 mg as add-on to 1-3 oral antidiabetic drugs in subjects with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 10)[J]. Diabetes Metab, 2020, 46(2): 100-109., articleTitle=Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide 1.0 mg vs once-daily liraglutide 1.2 mg as add-on to 1-3 oral antidiabetic drugs in subjects with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 10), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720049438871958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=123, issue=5, pageStart=468. e9, pageEnd=e17, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=19, authorNames=APOVIAN CM, BERGENSTAL RM, CUDDIHY RM, journalName=Am J Med, refType=null, unstructuredReference=APOVIAN CM, BERGENSTAL RM, CUDDIHY RM, et al. Effects of exenatide combined with lifestyle modification in patients with type 2 diabetes [J]. Am J Med, 2010, 123(5): 468. e9-e17., articleTitle=Effects of exenatide combined with lifestyle modification in patients with type 2 diabetes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720049539535255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=318, issue=15, pageStart=1460, pageEnd=1470, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=20, authorNames=DAVIES M, PIEBER TR, HARTOFT-NIELSEN ML, journalName=JAMA, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DAVIES M, PIEBER TR, HARTOFT-NIELSEN ML, et al. Effect of oral semaglutide compared with placebo and subcutaneous semaglutide on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial[J]. JAMA, 2017, 318(15): 1460-1470., articleTitle=Effect of oral semaglutide compared with placebo and subcutaneous semaglutide on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720049623421336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=28, issue=5, pageStart=1092, pageEnd=1100, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=21, authorNames=DeFRONZO RA, RATNER RE, HAN J, journalName=Diabetes Care, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DeFRONZO RA, RATNER RE, HAN J, et al. Effects of exenatide(exendin-4) on glycemic control and weight over 30 weeks in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes[J]. Diabetes Care, 2005, 28(5): 1092-1100., articleTitle=Effects of exenatide(exendin-4) on glycemic control and weight over 30 weeks in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720049686335897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=384, issue=9951, pageStart=1349, pageEnd=1357, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=22, authorNames=DUNGAN KM, POVEDANO ST, FORST T, journalName=Lancet, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DUNGAN KM, POVEDANO ST, FORST T, et al. Once-weekly dulaglutide versus once-daily liraglutide in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes (AWARD-6): a randomised, open-label, phase 3, non-inferiority trial[J]. Lancet, 2014, 384(9951):1349-1357., articleTitle=Once-weekly dulaglutide versus once-daily liraglutide in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes (AWARD-6): a randomised, open-label, phase 3, non-inferiority trial, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720050726523290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=18, issue=5, pageStart=475, pageEnd=482, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=23, authorNames=DUNGAN KM, WEITGASSER R, PEREZ MANGHI F, journalName=Diabetes Obes Metab, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DUNGAN KM, WEITGASSER R, PEREZ MANGHI F, et al. A 24-week study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of once-weekly dulaglutide added on to glimepiride in type 2 diabetes (AWARD‐8)[J]. Diabetes Obes Metab, 2016, 18(5): 475-482., articleTitle=A 24-week study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of once-weekly dulaglutide added on to glimepiride in type 2 diabetes (AWARD‐8), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720050802020763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=64, issue=4, pageStart=731, pageEnd=737, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=24, authorNames=FERDINAND KC, WHITE WB, CALHOUN DA, journalName=Hypertension, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FERDINAND KC, WHITE WB, CALHOUN DA, et al. Effects of the once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist dulaglutide on ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus[J]. Hypertension, 2014, 64(4):731-737., articleTitle=Effects of the once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist dulaglutide on ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720050877518236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=385, issue=6, pageStart=503, pageEnd=515, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=25, authorNames=FRIAS JP, DAVIES MJ, ROSENSTOCK J, journalName=N Engl J Mede, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FRIAS JP, DAVIES MJ, ROSENSTOCK J, et al. Tirzepatide versus semaglutide once weekly in patients with type 2 diabetes[J]. N Engl J Mede, 2021, 385(6): 503-515., articleTitle=Tirzepatide versus semaglutide once weekly in patients with type 2 diabetes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720050948821405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=22, issue=12, pageStart=2375, pageEnd=2383, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=26, authorNames=GAO F, LV X, MO Z, journalName=Diabetes Obes Metab, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GAO F, LV X, MO Z, et al. Efficacy and safety of polyethylene glycol loxenatide as add‐on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, phase 3b trial [J]. Diabetes Obes Metab, 2020, 22(12): 2375-2383., articleTitle=Efficacy and safety of polyethylene glycol loxenatide as add‐on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, phase 3b trial, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720051045290398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=52, issue=10, pageStart=2046, pageEnd=2055, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=27, authorNames=RUSSELL-JONES D, VAAG A, SCHMITZ O, journalName=Diabetologia, refType=null, unstructuredReference=RUSSELL-JONES D, VAAG A, SCHMITZ O, et al. Liraglutide vs insulin glargine and placebo in combination with metformin and sulfonylurea therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (LEAD-5 met+SU): a randomised controlled trial [J]. Diabetologia, 2009,52(10): 2046-2055., articleTitle=Liraglutide vs insulin glargine and placebo in combination with metformin and sulfonylurea therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (LEAD-5 met+SU): a randomised controlled trial, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720051108204959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=2, issue=3, pageStart=210, pageEnd=217, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=28, authorNames=KADOWAKI T, NAMBA M, IMAOKA T, journalName=J Diabetes Investig, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KADOWAKI T, NAMBA M, IMAOKA T, et al. Improved glycemic control and reduced bodyweight with exenatide: a double-blind, randomized, phase 3 study in Japanese patients with suboptimally controlled type 2 diabetes over 24 weeks[J]. J Diabetes Investig,2011, 2(3): 210-217., articleTitle=Improved glycemic control and reduced bodyweight with exenatide: a double-blind, randomized, phase 3 study in Japanese patients with suboptimally controlled type 2 diabetes over 24 weeks, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720051213062560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=28, issue=5, pageStart=1083, pageEnd=1091, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=29, authorNames=KENDALL DM, RIDDLE MC, ROSENSTOCK J, journalName=Diabetes Care, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KENDALL DM, RIDDLE MC, ROSENSTOCK J, et al. Effects of exenatide (exendin-4) on glycemic control over 30 weeks in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin and a sulfonylurea [J]. Diabetes Care, 2005, 28(5): 1083-1091., articleTitle=Effects of exenatide (exendin-4) on glycemic control over 30 weeks in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin and a sulfonylurea, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720051271782817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=20, issue=11, pageStart=2565, pageEnd=2573, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=30, authorNames=KORSATKO S, JENSEN L, BRUNNER M, journalName=Diabetes Obes Metab, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KORSATKO S, JENSEN L, BRUNNER M, et al. Effect of once-weekly semaglutide on the counterregulatory response to hypoglycaemia in people with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, crossover trial[J]. Diabetes Obes Metab, 2018, 20(11): 2565-2573., articleTitle=Effect of once-weekly semaglutide on the counterregulatory response to hypoglycaemia in people with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, crossover trial, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720051330503074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=351, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=31, authorNames=LIND M, HIRSCH IB, TUOMILEHTO J, journalName=BMJ, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIND M, HIRSCH IB, TUOMILEHTO J, et al. Liraglutide in people treated for type 2 diabetes with multiple daily insulin injections:randomised clinical trial (MDI liraglutide trial) [J]. BMJ, 2015,351: h5364., articleTitle=Liraglutide in people treated for type 2 diabetes with multiple daily insulin injections:randomised clinical trial (MDI liraglutide trial), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720051410194851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=41, issue=9, pageStart=1926, pageEnd=1937, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=32, authorNames=LINGVAY I, DESOUZA CV, LALIC KS, journalName=Diabetes Care, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LINGVAY I, DESOUZA CV, LALIC KS, et al. A 26-week randomized controlled trial of semaglutide once daily versus liraglutide and placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes suboptimally controlled on diet and exercise with or without metformin[J].Diabetes Care, 2018, 41(9): 1926-1937., articleTitle=A 26-week randomized controlled trial of semaglutide once daily versus liraglutide and placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes suboptimally controlled on diet and exercise with or without metformin, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720051481498020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=12, issue=12, pageStart=1058, pageEnd=1065, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=33, authorNames=LIUTKUS J, ROSAS GUZMAN J, NORWOOD P, journalName=Diabetes Obes Metab, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIUTKUS J, ROSAS GUZMAN J, NORWOOD P, et al. A placebo‐controlled trial of exenatide twice‐daily added to thiazolidinediones alone or in combination with metformin [J].Diabetes Obes Metab, 2010, 12(12): 1058-1065., articleTitle=A placebo‐controlled trial of exenatide twice‐daily added to thiazolidinediones alone or in combination with metformin, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720051548606885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=6, issue=5, pageStart=370, pageEnd=381, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=34, authorNames=LUDVIK B, FRIAS JP, TINAHONES FJ, journalName=Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LUDVIK B, FRIAS JP, TINAHONES FJ, et al. Dulaglutide as add-on therapy to SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes (AWARD-10): a 24-week, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial[J]. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 2018, 6(5): 370-381., articleTitle=Dulaglutide as add-on therapy to SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes (AWARD-10): a 24-week, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720051628298662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=7, issue=7, pageStart=549, pageEnd=559, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=35, authorNames=MIRAS AD, PEREZ-PEVIDA B, ALDHWAYAN M, journalName=Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MIRAS AD, PEREZ-PEVIDA B, ALDHWAYAN M, et al. Adjunctive liraglutide treatment in patients with persistent or recurrent type 2 diabetes after metabolic surgery (GRAVITAS):a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial[J]. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 2019, 7(7): 549-559., articleTitle=Adjunctive liraglutide treatment in patients with persistent or recurrent type 2 diabetes after metabolic surgery (GRAVITAS):a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720051712184743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=17, issue=10, pageStart=974, pageEnd=983, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=36, authorNames=MIYAGAWA J, ODAWARA M, TAKAMURA T, journalName=Diabetes Obes Metab, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MIYAGAWA J, ODAWARA M, TAKAMURA T, et al. Once‐weekly glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist dulaglutide is non‐inferior to once‐daily liraglutide and superior to placebo in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: a 26‐week randomized phase Ⅲ study[J]. Diabetes Obes Metab, 2015, 17(10): 974-983., articleTitle=Once‐weekly glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist dulaglutide is non‐inferior to once‐daily liraglutide and superior to placebo in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: a 26‐week randomized phase Ⅲ study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720051775099304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=7, issue=7, pageStart=515, pageEnd=527, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=37, authorNames=MOSENZON O, BLICHER TM, ROSENLUND S, journalName=Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MOSENZON O, BLICHER TM, ROSENLUND S, et al. Efficacy and safety of oral semaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes and moderate renal impairment (PIONEER 5): a placebo-controlled, randomised, phase 3a trial[J]. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol,2019, 7(7): 515-527., articleTitle=Efficacy and safety of oral semaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes and moderate renal impairment (PIONEER 5): a placebo-controlled, randomised, phase 3a trial, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720051838013865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=15, issue=11, pageStart=1000, pageEnd=1007, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=38, authorNames=PINGET M, GOLDENBERG R, NIEMOELLER E, journalName=Diabetes Obes Metab, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PINGET M, GOLDENBERG R, NIEMOELLER E, et al. Efficacy and safety of lixisenatide once daily versus placebo in type 2 diabetes insufficiently controlled on pioglitazone (GetGoal‐P) [J].Diabetes Obes Metab, 2013, 15(11): 1000-1007., articleTitle=Efficacy and safety of lixisenatide once daily versus placebo in type 2 diabetes insufficiently controlled on pioglitazone (GetGoal‐P), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720051896734122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=19, issue=7, pageStart=1024, pageEnd=1031, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=39, authorNames=POZZILLI P, NORWOOD P, JODAR E, journalName=Diabetes Obes Metab, refType=null, unstructuredReference=POZZILLI P, NORWOOD P, JODAR E, et al. Placebo-controlled, randomized trial of the addition of once‐weekly glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist dulaglutide to titrated daily insulin glargine in patients with type 2 diabetes (AWARD‐9)[J].Diabetes Obes Metab, 2017, 19(7): 1024-1031., articleTitle=Placebo-controlled, randomized trial of the addition of once‐weekly glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist dulaglutide to titrated daily insulin glargine in patients with type 2 diabetes (AWARD‐9), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720051963842987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=6, issue=4, pageStart=275, pageEnd=286, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=40, authorNames=PRATLEY RE, ARODA VR, LINGVAY I, journalName=Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PRATLEY RE, ARODA VR, LINGVAY I, et al. Semaglutide versus dulaglutide once weekly in patients with type 2 diabetes(SUSTAIN 7): a randomised, open-label, phase 3b trial[J].Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 2018, 6(4): 275-286., articleTitle=Semaglutide versus dulaglutide once weekly in patients with type 2 diabetes(SUSTAIN 7): a randomised, open-label, phase 3b trial, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720052030951852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=394, issue=10192, pageStart=39, pageEnd=50, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[42], rfOrder=41, authorNames=PRATLEY R, AMOD A, HOFF ST, journalName=Lancet, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PRATLEY R, AMOD A, HOFF ST, et al. Oral semaglutide versus subcutaneous liraglutide and placebo in type 2 diabetes (PIONEER 4): a randomised, double-blind, phase 3a trial [J]. Lancet, 2019,394(10192): 39-50., articleTitle=Oral semaglutide versus subcutaneous liraglutide and placebo in type 2 diabetes (PIONEER 4): a randomised, double-blind, phase 3a trial, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720052089672109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=103, issue=6, pageStart=2291, pageEnd=2301, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[43], rfOrder=42, authorNames=RODBARD HW, LINGVAY I, REED J, journalName=J Clin Endocrinol Metab, refType=null, unstructuredReference=RODBARD HW, LINGVAY I, REED J, et al. Semaglutide added to basal insulin in type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 5): a randomized, controlled trial [J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2018, 103(6):2291-2301., articleTitle=Semaglutide added to basal insulin in type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 5): a randomized, controlled trial, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720052156780974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=36, issue=10, pageStart=2945, pageEnd=2951, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[44], rfOrder=43, authorNames=ROSENSTOCK J, RACCAH D, KORANYI L, journalName=Diabetes Care, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ROSENSTOCK J, RACCAH D, KORANYI L, et al. Efficacy and safety of lixisenatide once daily versus exenatide twice daily in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin: a 24-week, randomized, open-label, active-controlled study (GetGoal-X) [J].Diabetes Care, 2013, 36(10): 2945-2951., articleTitle=Efficacy and safety of lixisenatide once daily versus exenatide twice daily in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin: a 24-week, randomized, open-label, active-controlled study (GetGoal-X), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720052223889839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=28, issue=3, pageStart=386, pageEnd=392, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[45], rfOrder=44, authorNames=ROSENSTOCK J, HANEFELD M, SHAMANNA P, journalName=J Diabetes Complications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ROSENSTOCK J, HANEFELD M, SHAMANNA P, et al. Beneficial effects of once-daily lixisenatide on overall and postprandial glycemic levels without significant excess of hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on a sulfonylurea with or without metformin (GetGoal-S)[J]. J Diabetes Complications, 2014, 28(3): 386-392., articleTitle=Beneficial effects of once-daily lixisenatide on overall and postprandial glycemic levels without significant excess of hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on a sulfonylurea with or without metformin (GetGoal-S), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720052286804400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=14, issue=10, pageStart=910, pageEnd=917, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[46], rfOrder=45, authorNames=SEINO Y, MIN KW, NIEMOELLER E, journalName=Diabetes Obes Metab, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SEINO Y, MIN KW, NIEMOELLER E, et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the once-daily GLP-1 receptor agonist lixisenatide in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes insufficiently controlled on basal insulin with or without a sulfonylurea (GetGoal-L-Asia)[J]. Diabetes Obes Metab, 2012,14(10): 910-917., articleTitle=Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the once-daily GLP-1 receptor agonist lixisenatide in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes insufficiently controlled on basal insulin with or without a sulfonylurea (GetGoal-L-Asia), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720052358107569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=5, issue=4, pageStart=251, pageEnd=260, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[47], rfOrder=46, authorNames=SORLI C, HARASHIMA S, TSOUKAS GM, journalName=Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SORLI C, HARASHIMA S, TSOUKAS GM, et al. Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide monotherapy versus placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 1): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multinational, multicentre phase 3a trial[J]. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 2017,5(4): 251-260., articleTitle=Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide monotherapy versus placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 1): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multinational, multicentre phase 3a trial, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720052429410738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=37, issue=8, pageStart=2159, pageEnd=2167, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[48], rfOrder=47, authorNames=WYSHAM C, BLEVINS T, ARAKAKI R, journalName=Diabetes Care, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WYSHAM C, BLEVINS T, ARAKAKI R, et al. Efficacy and safety of dulaglutide added onto pioglitazone and metformin versus exenatide in type 2 diabetes in a randomized controlled trial(AWARD-1) [J]. Diabetes Care, 2014, 37(8): 2159-2167., articleTitle=Efficacy and safety of dulaglutide added onto pioglitazone and metformin versus exenatide in type 2 diabetes in a randomized controlled trial(AWARD-1), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720052509102515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=8, issue=5, pageStart=392, pageEnd=406, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[49], rfOrder=48, authorNames=YABE D, NAKAMURA J, KANETO H, journalName=Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YABE D, NAKAMURA J, KANETO H, et al. Safety and efficacy of oral semaglutide versus dulaglutide in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes (PIONEER 10): an open-label, randomised, active-controlled, phase 3a trial [J]. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 2020, 8(5): 392-406., articleTitle=Safety and efficacy of oral semaglutide versus dulaglutide in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes (PIONEER 10): an open-label, randomised, active-controlled, phase 3a trial, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720052567822772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=8, issue=5, pageStart=377, pageEnd=391, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[50], rfOrder=49, authorNames=YAMADA Y, KATAGIRI H, HAMAMOTO Y, journalName=Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YAMADA Y, KATAGIRI H, HAMAMOTO Y, et al. Dose-response, efficacy, and safety of oral semaglutide monotherapy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes (PIONEER 9): a 52-week, phase 2/3a, randomised, controlled trial [J]. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 2020, 8(5): 377-391., articleTitle=Dose-response, efficacy, and safety of oral semaglutide monotherapy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes (PIONEER 9): a 52-week, phase 2/3a, randomised, controlled trial, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720052639125941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=20, issue=2, pageStart=335, pageEnd=343, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[51], rfOrder=50, authorNames=YANG W, MIN K, ZHOU Z, journalName=Diabetes Obes Metab, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG W, MIN K, ZHOU Z, et al. Efficacy and safety of lixisenatide in a predominantly Asian population with type 2 diabetes insufficiently controlled with basal insulin: the GetGoal-L-C randomized trial [J]. Diabetes Obes Metab, 2018, 20(2):335-343., articleTitle=Efficacy and safety of lixisenatide in a predominantly Asian population with type 2 diabetes insufficiently controlled with basal insulin: the GetGoal-L-C randomized trial, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720052702040502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=30, issue=8, pageStart=726, pageEnd=735, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[52], rfOrder=51, authorNames=YU PAN C, HAN P, LIU X, journalName=Diabetes Metab Res Rev, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YU PAN C, HAN P, LIU X, et al. Lixisenatide treatment improves glycaemic control in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on metformin with or without sulfonylurea:a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 24-week trial(GetGoal-M-Asia)[J]. Diabetes Metab Res Rev, 2014, 30(8):726-735., articleTitle=Lixisenatide treatment improves glycaemic control in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on metformin with or without sulfonylurea:a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 24-week trial(GetGoal-M-Asia), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720052764955063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=7, issue=5, pageStart=356, pageEnd=367, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[53], rfOrder=52, authorNames=ZINMAN B, BHOSEKAR V, BUSCH R, journalName=Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZINMAN B, BHOSEKAR V, BUSCH R, et al. Semaglutide once weekly as add-on to SGLT-2 inhibitor therapy in type 2 diabetes(SUSTAIN 9): a randomised, placebo-controlled trial[J].Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 2019, 7(5): 356-367., articleTitle=Semaglutide once weekly as add-on to SGLT-2 inhibitor therapy in type 2 diabetes(SUSTAIN 9): a randomised, placebo-controlled trial, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720052848841144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=42, issue=12, pageStart=2262, pageEnd=2271, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[54], rfOrder=53, authorNames=ZINMAN B, ARODA VR, BUSE JB, journalName=Diabetes Care, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZINMAN B, ARODA VR, BUSE JB, et al. Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of oral semaglutide versus placebo added to insulin with or without metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: the PIONEER 8 trial [J]. Diabetes Care, 2019, 42(12): 2262-2271., articleTitle=Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of oral semaglutide versus placebo added to insulin with or without metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: the PIONEER 8 trial, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720052907561401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=9, issue=1, pageStart=1602, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[55], rfOrder=54, authorNames=JONES B, BUENAVENTURA T, KANDA N, journalName=Nat Commun, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JONES B, BUENAVENTURA T, KANDA N, et al. Targeting GLP-1 receptor trafficking to improve agonist efficacy [J]. Nat Commun, 2018, 9(1): 1602., articleTitle=Targeting GLP-1 receptor trafficking to improve agonist efficacy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720052978864570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1998, volume=41, issue=5, pageStart=577, pageEnd=583, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[56], rfOrder=55, authorNames=KONG MF, STUBBS TA, KING P, journalName=Diabetologia, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KONG MF, STUBBS TA, KING P, et al. The effect of single doses of pramlintide on gastric emptying of two meals in men with IDDM[J]. Diabetologia, 1998, 41(5): 577-583., articleTitle=The effect of single doses of pramlintide on gastric emptying of two meals in men with IDDM, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720053045973435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=10, issue=null, pageStart=123, pageEnd=139, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[57], rfOrder=56, authorNames=LEVIN PA, NGUYEN H, WITTBRODT ET, journalName=Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LEVIN PA, NGUYEN H, WITTBRODT ET, et al. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: a systematic review of comparative effectiveness research [J]. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes, 2017, 10:123-139., articleTitle=Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: a systematic review of comparative effectiveness research, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720053117276604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=57, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[58], rfOrder=57, authorNames=DRUCKER DJ, journalName=Mol Metab, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DRUCKER DJ. GLP-1 physiology informs the pharmacotherapy of obesity [J]. Mol Metab, 2022, 57: 101351., articleTitle=GLP-1 physiology informs the pharmacotherapy of obesity, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720053196968381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=30, issue=6, pageStart=405, pageEnd=411, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[59], rfOrder=58, authorNames=纪立农, journalName=中国糖尿病杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=纪立农.胰高血糖素样肽1受体激动剂周制剂中国证据与专家指导建议[J].中国糖尿病杂志202230(6):405-411., articleTitle=胰高血糖素样肽1受体激动剂周制剂中国证据与专家指导建议, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720053259882942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=12, issue=1, pageStart=143, pageEnd=157, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[60], rfOrder=59, authorNames=MIN T, BAIN SC, journalName=Diabetes Therapy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MIN T, BAIN SC. The role of tirzepatide, dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist, in the management of type 2 diabetes: the SURPASS clinical trials [J]. Diabetes Therapy, 2021, 12(1):143-157., articleTitle=The role of tirzepatide, dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist, in the management of type 2 diabetes: the SURPASS clinical trials, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720053331186111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=19, issue=5, pageStart=672, pageEnd=681, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[61], rfOrder=60, authorNames=HOROWITZ M, ARODA VR, HAN J, journalName=Diabetes Obes Metab, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HOROWITZ M, ARODA VR, HAN J, et al. Upper and/or lower gastrointestinal adverse events with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: incidence and consequences [J]. Diabetes Obes Metab, 2017, 19(5): 672-681., articleTitle=Upper and/or lower gastrointestinal adverse events with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: incidence and consequences, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241720053410877888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=301, issue=4, pageStart=R1011, pageEnd=R1024, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[62], rfOrder=61, authorNames=BARABOI ED, ST-PIERRE DH, SHOONER J, journalName=Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BARABOI ED, ST-PIERRE DH, SHOONER J, et al. Brain activation following peripheral administration of the GLP-1 receptor agonist exendin-4[J]. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol,2011, 301(4): R1011-R1024., articleTitle=Brain activation following peripheral administration of the GLP-1 receptor agonist exendin-4, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241720047333331295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, awardId=2020QH1346; 2020QH1345, language=CN, fundingSource=福建医科大学启航基金(2020QH1346; 2020QH1345), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241720047417217380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, awardId=2022-S-wq1; 2022-S-wr2, language=CN, fundingSource=福州市卫生健康科技计划项目(2022-S-wq1; 2022-S-wr2), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241720047488520552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, awardId=2021J011304, language=CN, fundingSource=福建省自然科学基金(2021J011304), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241720047568212329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, awardId=2022-YJ-02, language=CN, fundingSource=福建医科大学附属福州市第一医院院级科研项目(2022-YJ-02), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241720042719596735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241720042727985345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, companyId=1241720042719596735, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Affiliated Fuqing Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou FUJIAN 350300, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241720042736373953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, companyId=1241720042719596735, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.福建医科大学附属福清市医院,福建 福州 350300)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241720042824454344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241720042832842953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, companyId=1241720042824454344, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Affiliated Fuzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou FUJIAN 350009, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241720042837037260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, companyId=1241720042824454344, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.福建医科大学附属福州市第一医院,福建 福州 350009)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241720044544119092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=F0fameHohv1mhCb8BaKbWA==, figureFileBig=GDJXmIRM6rSFciKE4fSVAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241720044623810871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, language=CN, label=图1, caption=文献检索筛选流程图, figureFileSmall=F0fameHohv1mhCb8BaKbWA==, figureFileBig=GDJXmIRM6rSFciKE4fSVAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241720044862886206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=MG7jP7nHU5JTsmdxxhdKHw==, figureFileBig=tKCza0XFow18VFbKYBpkdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241720044950966593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, language=CN, label=图2, caption=纳入文献质量评价, figureFileSmall=MG7jP7nHU5JTsmdxxhdKHw==, figureFileBig=tKCza0XFow18VFbKYBpkdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241720045034852676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=KMs7j7Sp28a8OsMKaWxy9A==, figureFileBig=pgjBscfwnYavoyBCS05sWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241720045135515975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, language=CN, label=图3, caption=风险偏倚漏斗图

A:恶心,B:腹泻,C:呕吐,D:消化不良,E:便秘,F:食欲减退

, figureFileSmall=KMs7j7Sp28a8OsMKaWxy9A==, figureFileBig=pgjBscfwnYavoyBCS05sWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241720046628688203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=0mW0MlW3GrZ0P8yimJgVRA==, figureFileBig=JqgoRRbXF6kxHsbz+4WbQg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241720046712574285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, language=CN, label=图4, caption=胰高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂致2型糖尿病患者胃肠道不良反应的发生率

A:恶心,B:腹泻,C:呕吐,D:消化不良,E:便秘,F:食欲减退

, figureFileSmall=0mW0MlW3GrZ0P8yimJgVRA==, figureFileBig=JqgoRRbXF6kxHsbz+4WbQg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241720046800654671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=eCbwrScJZqaaPq0QT4II6Q==, figureFileBig=+UyDOQ8nBrbiglYyFXXyaw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241720046859374930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, language=CN, label=图5, caption=网状关系图

A:恶心,B:腹泻,C:呕吐,D:消化不良,E:便秘,F:食欲减退

, figureFileSmall=eCbwrScJZqaaPq0QT4II6Q==, figureFileBig=+UyDOQ8nBrbiglYyFXXyaw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241720046943261013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=9+ttYpaJ5U9jsQkAc5Xgig==, figureFileBig=T9B15fmoE4CdnE6LzOe/xw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241720047022952790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, language=CN, label=图6, caption=网状Meta分析结果, figureFileSmall=9+ttYpaJ5U9jsQkAc5Xgig==, figureFileBig=T9B15fmoE4CdnE6LzOe/xw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241720047102644569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
药物恶心腹泻呕吐消化不良便秘食欲减退
SURCA排序SURCA排序SURCA排序SURCA排序SURCA排序SURCA排序
度拉糖肽26.4756.2422.3733.6556.1342.35
艾塞那肽41.5632.6652.8531.4643.1619.46
利拉鲁肽46.5541.0538.6646.9465.1272.13
利司那肽74.2315.1786.6184.8248.9578.92
洛塞那肽46.9488.1273.12//////
安慰剂1.481.580.981.075.570.37
司美格鲁肽77.4273.3365.7364.3379.5151.34
替尔泊肽85.8192.2160.1488.1151.9485.71
), ArticleFig(id=1241720047194919259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720039146049615, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

胰高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂致2型糖尿病患者发生胃肠道不良反应风险排序结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
药物恶心腹泻呕吐消化不良便秘食欲减退
SURCA排序SURCA排序SURCA排序SURCA排序SURCA排序SURCA排序
度拉糖肽26.4756.2422.3733.6556.1342.35
艾塞那肽41.5632.6652.8531.4643.1619.46
利拉鲁肽46.5541.0538.6646.9465.1272.13
利司那肽74.2315.1786.6184.8248.9578.92
洛塞那肽46.9488.1273.12//////
安慰剂1.481.580.981.075.570.37
司美格鲁肽77.4273.3365.7364.3379.5151.34
替尔泊肽85.8192.2160.1488.1151.9485.71
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1205114437246812164, delFlag=0, nameCn=中国新药与临床杂志, nameEn=Chinese Journal of New Drugs and Clinical Remedies, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1007-7669, eissn=, cn=31-1746/R, coden=null, periodic=月刊, language=CN, oaType=1, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=, officePhone=, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=4CRZH/cEJmlFWJuWhAUDig==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Chinese Journal of New Drugs and Clinical Remedies, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1765251271787, updatedTime=1765252216403, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=C, firstLetterEn=C, subjectCode=Life Sciences, subjectName=生命医学, subjectCodeEn=Life Sciences, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=4CRZH/cEJmlFWJuWhAUDig==, picEn=N3vp8/tZorUwVBJknBXdng==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1205118399413203150, language=CN, name=中国新药与临床杂志, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1765252216437, updatedTime=1765252216437, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://xyyl.cbpt.cnki.net/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=http://xyyl.cbpt.cnki.net/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=http://xyyl.cbpt.cnki.net/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1205118399467729103, language=EN, name=Chinese Journal of New Drugs and Clinical Remedies, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1765252216450, updatedTime=1765252216450, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://xyyl.cbpt.cnki.net/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=http://xyyl.cbpt.cnki.net/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=http://xyyl.cbpt.cnki.net/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1205117082300743687, websiteList=[Website(id=1205118568049389783, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1205117082300743687, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgxyylczz/CN, language=CN, createTime=1765252256643, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1765252598399, updateBy=18614031015, name=中国新药与临床杂志-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=中国新药与临床杂志, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1205154564317098673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1205118568049389783, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1765260838822, updateTime=1765260838822, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1205154564300321454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1205118568049389783, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1765260838818, updateTime=1765260838818, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1205154564333875892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1205118568049389783, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1765260838826, updateTime=1765260838826, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1205154564296127149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1205118568049389783, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgxyylczz/CN/file/pic?fileId=EPNvNLzzPrR2hCakA9eyOQ==, createTime=1765260838817, updateTime=1765260838817, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1205154564354847414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1205118568049389783, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1765260838831, updateTime=1765260838831, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1205154564312904368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1205118568049389783, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgxyylczz/CN/file/pic, createTime=1765260838821, updateTime=1765260838821, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1205154564342264501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1205118568049389783, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1765260838828, updateTime=1765260838828, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1205154564308710063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1205118568049389783, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1765260838820, updateTime=1765260838820, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1205154564325487282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1205118568049389783, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1765260838824, updateTime=1765260838824, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1205154564329681587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1205118568049389783, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1765260838825, updateTime=1765260838825, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1205118568124887278, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1205117082300743687, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgxyylczz/EN, language=EN, createTime=1765252256661, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1765252618802, updateBy=18614031015, name=中国新药与临床杂志-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Chinese Journal of New Drugs and Clinical Remedies, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1205154594314756492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1205118568124887278, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1765260845974, updateTime=1765260845974, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1205154594297979273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1205118568124887278, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1765260845970, updateTime=1765260845970, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1205154594331533711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1205118568124887278, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1765260845978, updateTime=1765260845978, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1205154594289590664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1205118568124887278, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgxyylczz/EN/file/pic?fileId=EPNvNLzzPrR2hCakA9eyOQ==, createTime=1765260845968, updateTime=1765260845968, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1205154594344116625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1205118568124887278, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1765260845981, updateTime=1765260845981, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1205154594310562187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1205118568124887278, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgxyylczz/EN/file/pic, createTime=1765260845973, updateTime=1765260845973, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1205154594335728016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1205118568124887278, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1765260845979, updateTime=1765260845979, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1205154594302173578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1205118568124887278, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1765260845971, updateTime=1765260845971, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1205154594323145101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1205118568124887278, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1765260845976, updateTime=1765260845976, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1205154594327339406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1205118568124887278, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1765260845977, updateTime=1765260845977, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=中国新药与临床杂志, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=null, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Chinese Journal of New Drugs and Clinical Remedies, journalPhotoCn=4CRZH/cEJmlFWJuWhAUDig==, journalPhotoEn=N3vp8/tZorUwVBJknBXdng==, journalFirstLetter=C, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgxyylczz/CN/10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.06.13, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgxyylczz/EN/10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.06.13, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgxyylczz/CN/PDF/10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.06.13, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgxyylczz/EN/PDF/10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.06.13, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
GLP-1受体激动剂致2型糖尿病患者胃肠道不良反应的网状Meta分析
收藏切换
PDF下载
郑彩云 1 , 林妹妹 1 , 戴亨纷 2
中国新药与临床杂志 | 论著 2024,43(6): 460-468
收起
收藏切换
中国新药与临床杂志 | 论著 2024, 43(6): 460-468
GLP-1受体激动剂致2型糖尿病患者胃肠道不良反应的网状Meta分析
全屏
郑彩云1 , 林妹妹1, 戴亨纷2
作者信息
  • 1.福建医科大学附属福清市医院,福建 福州 350300
  • 2.福建医科大学附属福州市第一医院,福建 福州 350009
  • 郑彩云,女,主管药师,硕士,主要从事临床药学合理用药与药物评价的研究,E-mail:

    戴亨纷,男,主管药师,博士,主要从事代谢性疾病的基础与临床研究,E-mail:

通讯作者:

戴亨纷
GLP-1 receptor agonists cause gastrointestinal adverse reaction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a network meta-analysis
Cai-yun ZHENG1 , Mei-mei LIN1, Heng-fen DAI2
Affiliations
  • 1.Affiliated Fuqing Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou FUJIAN 350300, China
  • 2.Affiliated Fuzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou FUJIAN 350009, China
出版时间: 2024-06-25 doi: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.06.13
文章导航
收藏切换
目的

评价胰高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂(GLP-1RA)对2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者胃肠道反应的影响。

方法

系统检索PubMed、Embase和Cochrane Library等数据库中自建库起至2023年10月1日GLP-1RA治疗T2DM的随机对照试验,试验组药物为一种GLP-1RA,对照组药物为安慰剂或另一种GLP-1RA。采用贝叶斯网状荟萃分析方法,探讨各GLP-1RA胃肠道不良反应发生风险,如恶心、呕吐、食欲减退、便秘、消化不良、腹泻等。

结果

共纳入文献45篇,涉及患者27 729例。GLP-1RA引起胃肠道不良反应的总发生率为11.66%。与安慰剂相比,替尔泊肽引发恶心、腹泻、消化不良、食欲减退的风险最高,利司那肽引发呕吐的风险最高,司美格鲁肽引发便秘的风险最高。与安慰剂相比,除洛塞那肽外,其余GLP-1RA均显著增加呕吐的风险;除利司那肽外,其余GLP-1RA均显著增加腹泻的风险;除替尔泊肽、利司那肽外,其余GLP-1RA均显著增加便秘的风险;所有GLP-1RA均能显著降低食欲及增加消化不良的风险(P<0.05)。

结论

GLP-1RA可增加T2DM患者发生胃肠道不良反应的风险,不同GLP-1RA引发各症状的风险不同,其中替尔泊肽引发消化道症状的风险较高,值得临床关注与警惕。

胰高血糖素样肽-1受体  /  糖尿病,2型  /  Meta分析  /  胃肠道不良反应
AIM

To evaluate the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) on gastrointestinal adverse reactions in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

METHODS

The databases PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were systematic searched for randomized controlled trials of GLP-1RA for the treatment of T2DM from the time of construction until October 1st, 2023, with one GLP-1RA as the drug in the trial arm and placebo or another GLP-1RA as the drug in the control arm. Bayesian network meta-analysis was used to explore the risk of gastrointestinal adverse reactions, such as nausea, vomiting, anorexia, constipation, dyspepsia, and diarrhea.

RESULTS

Forty-five papers were included, involving 27 729 patients. The overall incidence of gastrointestinal adverse reactions caused by GLP-RA was 11.66%. Compared with placebo, tirzepatide caused the highest risk of nausea, diarrhea, dyspepsia, and anorexia, lixisenatide caused the highest risk of vomiting, and semaglutide caused the highest risk of constipation. Compared with placebo, all GLP-1RA except loxenatide significantly increased the risk of vomiting; all GLP-1RA except lixisenatide significantly increased the risk of diarrhea; all GLP-1RA significantly increased the risk of constipation except tirzepatide and lixisenatide; all GLP-1RA significantly decreased appetite and increased the risk of dyspepsia (P<0.05).

CONCLUSION

GLP-1RA significantly increased the risk of gastrointestinal adverse reactions in T2DM patients, and different drugs have different risks of various symptoms, among which tirzepatide has a higher risk of gastrointestinal symptoms, which deserves clinical attention and vigilance.

glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor  /  diabetes mellitus, type 2  /  meta-analysis  /  gastrointestinal adverse reactions
郑彩云, 林妹妹, 戴亨纷. GLP-1受体激动剂致2型糖尿病患者胃肠道不良反应的网状Meta分析. 中国新药与临床杂志, 2024 , 43 (6) : 460 -468 . DOI: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.06.13
Cai-yun ZHENG, Mei-mei LIN, Heng-fen DAI. GLP-1 receptor agonists cause gastrointestinal adverse reaction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a network meta-analysis[J]. Chinese Journal of New Drugs and Clinical Remedies, 2024 , 43 (6) : 460 -468 . DOI: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.06.13
国际糖尿病联合会数据显示,截止2021年全球糖尿病患者达5.37亿,约有10%的成年人(20~79岁)患有糖尿病,其中2型糖尿病(T2DM)占90%[1]。2021年,糖尿病导致670万人死亡[2],预计在未来20年T2DM的患病率将不断上涨,到2045年全球糖尿病患者达7.83亿[3]。因此早期发现和积极治疗对于预防和减轻T2DM微血管和大血管并发症和死亡负担至关重要。近年来,胰高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂(GLP-1RA)用于控制T2DM患者的血糖和体重,获得较好疗效,且有保护心血管系统的作用[4]。根据作用时间长短,全球已上市的GLP-1RA可分为短效、长效及超长效制剂,短效制剂包括贝那鲁肽(benaglutide)、艾塞那肽(exenatide)和利司那肽(lixisenatide),长效制剂包括利拉鲁肽(liraglutide)、替尔泊肽(tirzepatide),超长效制剂包括司美格鲁肽(semaglutide)、度拉糖肽(dulaglutide)、洛塞那肽(loxenatide)和艾塞那肽微球制剂[5]。胃肠道反应是GLP-1RA最常见的不良反应,包括恶心、呕吐、便秘、腹泻、消化不良等,其降低了患者的依从性,使药物无法达到最佳疗效,中重度胃肠道症状甚至会导致停药,使患者错失最佳的治疗方案[6]。胃肠道不良反应的发生主要与中枢和外周GLP-1R的激活密切相关[7],目前临床试验缺乏GLP-1RA之间的直接比较,因此不同GLP-1RA致糖尿病患者胃肠道的风险尚无定论。本研究采用贝叶斯网状Meta分析,探讨不同GLP-1RA治疗T2DM患者发生胃肠道不良反应的风险差异,以期为临床决策提供循证依据。
以GLP-1 receptor agonists以及exenatide、liraglutide、dulaglutide、lixisenatide、benaglutide、loxenatide、semaglutide和tirzepatide为关键词或主题词,检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、ClinicalTrials.gov等数据库的英文文献(自建库至2023年10月1日),检索式:研究类型限定为随机对照临床试验(RCT)。纳入标准:(1)GLP-1RA用于治疗TD2M患者,且年龄≥18岁;(2)试验组为上述任意一种GLP-1RA,对照组为另一种GLP-1RA或安慰剂,给药剂量、频次及方式不限;(3)结局指标包含所有胃肠道不良反应,如恶心、呕吐、消化不良、便秘、腹泻、食欲减退等。排除标准:(1)合并基础胃肠道疾病;(2)1型糖尿病;(3)怀孕或哺乳期妇女;(4)具有严重心血管疾病或其他代谢性系统疾病(糖尿病除外)。
所有的入选文献题目和摘要最初都由两名研究者进行相关性筛选。之后,由两名研究者背对背独立进行纳入文献的全文分析。分歧通过协商一致或第三方仲裁解决。由一名研究者采用文献数据提取表提取所需数据,另一名研究者确认数据的准确性和真实性。提取的内容包括研究信息(研究主题、作者、日期、临床试验注册号、GLP-1RA药品名称及剂量)、研究对象的基线特征(样本量、中位年龄)、胃肠道不良反应的结局指标以及文献质量评价相关信息。
采用Stata 14统计软件(STATA Corporation, College Station, TX)进行贝叶斯网状Meta分析,P<0.05表示差异有显著意义。基于马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗方法[8],使用具有随机效应的广义线性模型进行贝叶斯网状Meta分析。建立一致性模型,计算效应值比值比(OR)及其95%置信区间(95% CI)。为了获得后验分布,四个链中的每一个同时运行50 000次老化和100 000次推理迭代。结合Gelman-Rubin方法,用密度图和面积图检测模型的收敛性[9]。通过绘制网络关系来总结证据,绘制比较调整漏斗图评估文献发表偏倚风险。计算累积排序概率图下面积(SURCA),估计药物引发胃肠道不良反应的概率并排序。
共检索到相关文献4 025篇,通过筛选题目和摘要获得文献91篇,阅读全文排除文献46篇,最后纳入文献45篇,涵盖了7种GLP-1RA。见图1
共纳入RCT文献45篇[10-54],总样本量27 729例。其中与利拉鲁肽有关11篇,与司美格鲁肽有关14篇,与艾塞那肽有关12篇,与利司那肽有关8篇,与度拉糖肽有关9篇,与洛塞那肽有关1篇,与替尔泊肽有关1篇。患者年龄(56.59±4.96)岁,男性占比(52.71±11.45)%,体重(88.6±11.9)kg,体重指数(31.7±3.0)kg·m-2,T2DM病程(8.6±3.4)年,基线糖化血红蛋白为(8.14±0.29)%、(65.16±3.11)mmol·mol-1,空腹血糖(9.84±6.98)mmol·L-1
纳入文献整体偏倚风险较低,其中随机化过程、结局测量、选择性报告及不完全数据均为低风险。分配隐藏高风险研究14项(31%),参与者实施盲法高风险研究8项(18%),见图2。漏斗图的检验未显示明显的不对称性,见图3,因此不存在显著的小样本研究效应风险。
GLP-1RA引起胃肠道不良反应的总体发生率为11.66%。其中恶心、腹泻、呕吐、消化不良、便秘、食欲减退的发生率分别为21.49%、10.62%、9.10%、8.67%、7.92%、5.49%。艾塞那肽的恶心发生率最高,为31.70%。替尔泊肽的便秘发生率最低,为0.14%。见图4
胃肠道不良反应的网状关系图见图5,网状Meta分析结果见图6
与安慰剂相比,仅洛塞那肽引发恶心的风险无显著增加(OR=0.29, 95%CI:0.05~1.87),其余均有显著差异(P<0.05)。与司美格鲁肽相比,艾塞那肽(OR=1.48, 95%CI:1.01~2.15)及度拉糖肽(OR=1.79, 95%CI:1.22~2.64)引发恶心的风险都显著降低。利司那肽引发恶心的风险高于度拉糖肽(OR=1.75, 95%CI:1.02~3.01)。
与安慰剂相比,利司那肽引发腹泻的风险无显著增加(OR=1.23, 95%CI:0.91~1.66)。与替尔泊肽相比,利司那肽、利拉鲁肽及艾塞那肽引发腹泻的风险均显著降低(OR=0.15, 95%CI:0.04~0.64;OR=0.21, 95%CI:0.05~0.87;OR=0.19, 95%CI:0.05~0.80)。与司美格鲁肽相比,利司那肽、利拉鲁肽及艾塞那肽引发腹泻的风险也均显著降低(OR=0.47, 95%CI:0.33~0.67;OR=0.65, 95%CI:0.50~0.85;OR=0.59, 95%CI:0.45~0.78)。
仅洛塞那肽与安慰剂相比引发呕吐的风险无显著增加(OR=0.16, 95%CI:0.02~1.49)。司美格鲁肽引发呕吐的风险显著高于度拉糖肽(OR=1.75, 95%CI:1.15~2.66)。利司那肽引发呕吐的风险高于利拉鲁肽(OR=1.95, 95%CI:1.07~3.56)、艾塞那肽(OR=1.65, 95%CI:1.01~2.69)、度拉糖肽(OR=2.51, 95%CI:1.38~4.58)。
与安慰剂相比,各GLP-1RA引发消化不良的风险均显著增加(P<0.05)。
与安慰剂相比,替尔泊肽(OR=2.21, 95%CI:0.40~12.10)、利司那肽(OR=0.48, 95%CI:0.13~1.79)引发便秘的风险无显著增加。各GLP-1RA之间引发便秘的风险无显著差异(P>0.05)。
与安慰剂相比,所有GLP-1RA都显著降低食欲(P<0.05)。司美格鲁肽(OR=0.53, 95%CI:0.31~0.88)及利拉鲁肽(OR=0.35, 95%CI:0.18~0.67)引发食欲减退的风险显著高于艾塞那肽。
使用节点分裂分析来评估直接和间接证据是否一致,不同处理间无显著差异(P>0.05),这表明一致性模型是可以接受的。
GLP-1RA中,引发恶心风险最高的是替尔泊肽,最低的是度拉糖肽;引发腹泻风险最高的是替尔泊肽,最低的是利司那肽;引发呕吐风险最高的是利司那肽,最低的是度拉糖肽;引发消化不良风险最高的是替尔泊肽,最低的是艾塞那肽;引发便秘风险最高的是司美格鲁肽,最低的是艾塞那肽;引发食欲减退风险最高的是替尔泊肽,最低的是艾塞那肽。干预措施排序见表1
本研究首次较全面地对GLP-1RA引起胃肠道不良反应风险进行了系统评价及网状Meta分析,纳入的45项RCT研究中,27 729例患者胃肠道不良反应总发生率为11.66%,其中恶心发生率(21.49%)最高,食欲减退发生率(5.49%)最低。既往研究报道,GLP-1RA引起胃肠道不良反应总体发生率为30%~50%,恶心发生率高达50%,呕吐和腹泻发生率为5%~20%[55]。发生胃肠道不良反应的患者中,有15%的患者需要停药治疗[56]。发生率的不一致可能是由于大部分研究中的症状评估只是应用患者主观报告的数据而未采用客观的量化方法。
GLP-1RA引起的胃肠道不良反应机制尚不明确,一方面可能是药物与胃肠道GLP-1R结合,抑制胃的排空[57];另一方面,药物通过直接激活中枢GLP-1R或间接作用于传入副交感神经分支上的受体,加重厌食或饱腹感[58]。因此,各种GLP-1RA引发胃肠道不良反应的风险可能与以上机制占比相关,即长、短效GLP-1RA引发胃肠道不良反应风险不同。超长效GLP-1RA均为周制剂,包括艾塞那肽微球、洛塞那肽、度拉糖肽和司美格鲁肽,都已在我国上市,有显著的临床应用优势。在胃肠道安全性方面,以上4种GLP-1RA周制剂差异不大,且与长、短效GLP-1RA制剂相似,胃肠道不良反应仍为最主要的安全性事件,如恶心、呕吐和腹泻等,但多为轻、中度且为一过性,多数患者可以耐受[59]。而替尔泊肽是葡萄糖依赖性促胰岛素多肽(GIP)和GLP-1R的双重激动剂,因此替尔泊肽引起胃肠道不良反应风险相对较高[60]
本研究发现利司那肽引发恶心的风险比度拉糖肽显著增高,且引发呕吐的风险显著大于利拉鲁肽、艾塞那肽和度拉糖肽,提示短效GLP-1RA更容易引起恶心和呕吐。这可能是由于部分短效GLP-1RA为小分子结构药物,更易透过血脑屏障,激活中枢GLP-1R,从而引发恶心、呕吐等症状[61]。腹泻是非剂量依赖性的胃肠道不良反应,可能是由于GLP-1RA通过迷走神经间接激活中枢神经系统,影响小肠运动所致[62],故推测长效/超长效GLP-1RA引发腹泻的风险较高。本研究也证实了这一点,相比利司那肽、利拉鲁肽和艾塞那肽,司美格鲁肽引发腹泻的风险显著升高。
综上所述,GLP-1RA引起T2DM患者发生胃肠道不良反应的总体风险较高,其中恶心的发生率最高。相比其他GLP-1RA,替尔泊肽引发胃肠道不良反应的风险最大。但由于数据有限,本研究未按照给药剂量和给药方式进行亚组分析,也未单独分析严重胃肠道不良反应,且部分研究纳入的病例数较少,可能影响研究的可靠性。未来还需大型前瞻性队列研究对使用GLP-1RA的患者进行胃肠道不良反应的预警研究。建议临床医师在应用GLP-1RA时,应考虑患者发生胃肠道不良反应的风险,选择最优的用药方案。
  • 福建医科大学启航基金(2020QH1346; 2020QH1345)
  • 福州市卫生健康科技计划项目(2022-S-wq1; 2022-S-wr2)
  • 福建省自然科学基金(2021J011304)
  • 福建医科大学附属福州市第一医院院级科研项目(2022-YJ-02)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
AHMAD E, LIM S, LAMPTEY R, et al. Type 2 diabetes [J].Lancet, 2022, 400(10365): 1803-1820.
[2]
SUN H, SAEEDI P, KARURANGA S, et al. IDF Diabetes Atlas:global, regional and country-level diabetes prevalence estimates for 2021 and projections for 2045 [J]. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2022,183: 109119.
[3]
SAEEDI P, PETERSOHN I, SALPEA P, et al. Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9th edition [J]. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2019, 157:107843.
[4]
GRECO EV, RUSSO G, GIANDALIA A, et al. GLP-1 receptor agonists and kidney protection [J]. Medicina (Kaunas), 2019,55(6): 233.
[5]
NAUCK MA, QUAST DR, WEFERS J, et al. GLP-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of type 2 diabetes-state-of-the-art [J].Mol Metab, 2021, 46 : 101102.
[6]
骆海燕,谭婉珑,张亚楠,等. 胰高血糖素样肽1及其类似物治疗2型糖尿病的研究进展[J].中国药房, 2017, 28(23):3290-3294.
[7]
FARR OM, SOFOPOULOS M, TSOUKAS MA, et al. GLP-1 receptors exist in the parietal cortex, hypothalamus and medulla of human brains and the GLP-1 analogue liraglutide alters brain activity related to highly desirable food cues in individuals with diabetes: a crossover, randomised, placebo-controlled trial[J].Diabetologia, 2016, 59(5): 954-965.
[8]
GELMAN A, RUBIN DB. Markov chain Monte Carlo methods in biostatistics [J]. Stat Methods Res, 1996, 5(4): 339-355.
[9]
BROOKS SP, GELMAN A. General methods for monitoring convergence of iterative simulations [J]. J Comput Graph Stat,1998, 7(4): 434-455.
[10]
AHMANN A, RODBARD HW, ROSENSTOCK J, et al. Efficacy and safety of liraglutide versus placebo added to basal insulin analogues(with or without metformin) in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial [J]. Diabetes Obes Metab,2015, 17(11): 1056-1064.
[11]
AHMANN AJ, CAPEHORN M, CHARPENTIER G, et al. Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide versus exenatide ER in subjects with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 3): a 56-week, open-label, randomized clinical trial [J]. Diabetes Care, 2018, 41(2):258-266.
[12]
AHREN B, LEGUIZAMO DIMAS A, MIOSSEC P, et al. Efficacy and safety of lixisenatide once-daily morning or evening injections in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin(GetGoal-M)[J]. Diabetes Care, 2013, 36(9): 2543-2550.
[13]
ARODA VR, ROSENSTOCK J, TERAUCHI Y, et al. PIONEER 1: randomized clinical trial of the efficacy and safety of oral semaglutide monotherapy in comparison with placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes [J]. Diabetes Care, 2019, 42(9): 1724-1732.
[14]
BOLLI GB, MUNTEANU M, DOTSENKO S, et al. Efficacy and safety of lixisenatide once daily vs. placebo in people with type 2 diabetes insufficiently controlled on metformin (GetGoal‐F1) [J].Diabet Med, 2014, 31(2): 176-184.
[15]
BUSE JB, HENRY RR, HAN J, et al. Effects of exenatide (exendin-4)on glycemic control over 30 weeks in sulfonylurea-treated patients with type 2 diabetes[J]. Diabetes Care, 2004, 27(11):2628-2635.
[16]
BUSE JB, ROSENSTOCK J, SESTI G, et al. Liraglutide once a day versus exenatide twice a day for type 2 diabetes: a 26-week randomised, parallel-group, multinational, open-label trial (LEAD-6) [J]. Lancet, 2009, 374(9683): 39-47.
[17]
BUSE JB, BERGENSTAL RM, GLASS LC, et al. Use of twice-daily exenatide in basal insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, controlled trial [J]. Ann Intern Med, 2011, 154(2):103-112.
[18]
BUSE JB, NAUCK M, FORST T, et al. Exenatide once weekly versus liraglutide once daily in patients with type 2 diabetes(DURATION-6): a randomised, open-label study[J]. Lancet,2013, 381(9861): 117-124.
[19]
CAPEHORN MS, CATARIG AM, FURBERG JK, et al. Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide 1.0 mg vs once-daily liraglutide 1.2 mg as add-on to 1-3 oral antidiabetic drugs in subjects with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 10)[J]. Diabetes Metab, 2020, 46(2): 100-109.
[20]
APOVIAN CM, BERGENSTAL RM, CUDDIHY RM, et al. Effects of exenatide combined with lifestyle modification in patients with type 2 diabetes [J]. Am J Med, 2010, 123(5): 468. e9-e17.
[21]
DAVIES M, PIEBER TR, HARTOFT-NIELSEN ML, et al. Effect of oral semaglutide compared with placebo and subcutaneous semaglutide on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial[J]. JAMA, 2017, 318(15): 1460-1470.
[22]
DeFRONZO RA, RATNER RE, HAN J, et al. Effects of exenatide(exendin-4) on glycemic control and weight over 30 weeks in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes[J]. Diabetes Care, 2005, 28(5): 1092-1100.
[23]
DUNGAN KM, POVEDANO ST, FORST T, et al. Once-weekly dulaglutide versus once-daily liraglutide in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes (AWARD-6): a randomised, open-label, phase 3, non-inferiority trial[J]. Lancet, 2014, 384(9951):1349-1357.
[24]
DUNGAN KM, WEITGASSER R, PEREZ MANGHI F, et al. A 24-week study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of once-weekly dulaglutide added on to glimepiride in type 2 diabetes (AWARD‐8)[J]. Diabetes Obes Metab, 2016, 18(5): 475-482.
[25]
FERDINAND KC, WHITE WB, CALHOUN DA, et al. Effects of the once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist dulaglutide on ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus[J]. Hypertension, 2014, 64(4):731-737.
[26]
FRIAS JP, DAVIES MJ, ROSENSTOCK J, et al. Tirzepatide versus semaglutide once weekly in patients with type 2 diabetes[J]. N Engl J Mede, 2021, 385(6): 503-515.
[27]
GAO F, LV X, MO Z, et al. Efficacy and safety of polyethylene glycol loxenatide as add‐on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, phase 3b trial [J]. Diabetes Obes Metab, 2020, 22(12): 2375-2383.
[28]
RUSSELL-JONES D, VAAG A, SCHMITZ O, et al. Liraglutide vs insulin glargine and placebo in combination with metformin and sulfonylurea therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (LEAD-5 met+SU): a randomised controlled trial [J]. Diabetologia, 2009,52(10): 2046-2055.
[29]
KADOWAKI T, NAMBA M, IMAOKA T, et al. Improved glycemic control and reduced bodyweight with exenatide: a double-blind, randomized, phase 3 study in Japanese patients with suboptimally controlled type 2 diabetes over 24 weeks[J]. J Diabetes Investig,2011, 2(3): 210-217.
[30]
KENDALL DM, RIDDLE MC, ROSENSTOCK J, et al. Effects of exenatide (exendin-4) on glycemic control over 30 weeks in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin and a sulfonylurea [J]. Diabetes Care, 2005, 28(5): 1083-1091.
[31]
KORSATKO S, JENSEN L, BRUNNER M, et al. Effect of once-weekly semaglutide on the counterregulatory response to hypoglycaemia in people with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, crossover trial[J]. Diabetes Obes Metab, 2018, 20(11): 2565-2573.
[32]
LIND M, HIRSCH IB, TUOMILEHTO J, et al. Liraglutide in people treated for type 2 diabetes with multiple daily insulin injections:randomised clinical trial (MDI liraglutide trial) [J]. BMJ, 2015,351: h5364.
[33]
LINGVAY I, DESOUZA CV, LALIC KS, et al. A 26-week randomized controlled trial of semaglutide once daily versus liraglutide and placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes suboptimally controlled on diet and exercise with or without metformin[J].Diabetes Care, 2018, 41(9): 1926-1937.
[34]
LIUTKUS J, ROSAS GUZMAN J, NORWOOD P, et al. A placebo‐controlled trial of exenatide twice‐daily added to thiazolidinediones alone or in combination with metformin [J].Diabetes Obes Metab, 2010, 12(12): 1058-1065.
[35]
LUDVIK B, FRIAS JP, TINAHONES FJ, et al. Dulaglutide as add-on therapy to SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes (AWARD-10): a 24-week, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial[J]. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 2018, 6(5): 370-381.
[36]
MIRAS AD, PEREZ-PEVIDA B, ALDHWAYAN M, et al. Adjunctive liraglutide treatment in patients with persistent or recurrent type 2 diabetes after metabolic surgery (GRAVITAS):a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial[J]. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 2019, 7(7): 549-559.
[37]
MIYAGAWA J, ODAWARA M, TAKAMURA T, et al. Once‐weekly glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist dulaglutide is non‐inferior to once‐daily liraglutide and superior to placebo in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: a 26‐week randomized phase Ⅲ study[J]. Diabetes Obes Metab, 2015, 17(10): 974-983.
[38]
MOSENZON O, BLICHER TM, ROSENLUND S, et al. Efficacy and safety of oral semaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes and moderate renal impairment (PIONEER 5): a placebo-controlled, randomised, phase 3a trial[J]. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol,2019, 7(7): 515-527.
[39]
PINGET M, GOLDENBERG R, NIEMOELLER E, et al. Efficacy and safety of lixisenatide once daily versus placebo in type 2 diabetes insufficiently controlled on pioglitazone (GetGoal‐P) [J].Diabetes Obes Metab, 2013, 15(11): 1000-1007.
[40]
POZZILLI P, NORWOOD P, JODAR E, et al. Placebo-controlled, randomized trial of the addition of once‐weekly glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist dulaglutide to titrated daily insulin glargine in patients with type 2 diabetes (AWARD‐9)[J].Diabetes Obes Metab, 2017, 19(7): 1024-1031.
[41]
PRATLEY RE, ARODA VR, LINGVAY I, et al. Semaglutide versus dulaglutide once weekly in patients with type 2 diabetes(SUSTAIN 7): a randomised, open-label, phase 3b trial[J].Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 2018, 6(4): 275-286.
[42]
PRATLEY R, AMOD A, HOFF ST, et al. Oral semaglutide versus subcutaneous liraglutide and placebo in type 2 diabetes (PIONEER 4): a randomised, double-blind, phase 3a trial [J]. Lancet, 2019,394(10192): 39-50.
[43]
RODBARD HW, LINGVAY I, REED J, et al. Semaglutide added to basal insulin in type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 5): a randomized, controlled trial [J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2018, 103(6):2291-2301.
[44]
ROSENSTOCK J, RACCAH D, KORANYI L, et al. Efficacy and safety of lixisenatide once daily versus exenatide twice daily in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin: a 24-week, randomized, open-label, active-controlled study (GetGoal-X) [J].Diabetes Care, 2013, 36(10): 2945-2951.
[45]
ROSENSTOCK J, HANEFELD M, SHAMANNA P, et al. Beneficial effects of once-daily lixisenatide on overall and postprandial glycemic levels without significant excess of hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on a sulfonylurea with or without metformin (GetGoal-S)[J]. J Diabetes Complications, 2014, 28(3): 386-392.
[46]
SEINO Y, MIN KW, NIEMOELLER E, et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the once-daily GLP-1 receptor agonist lixisenatide in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes insufficiently controlled on basal insulin with or without a sulfonylurea (GetGoal-L-Asia)[J]. Diabetes Obes Metab, 2012,14(10): 910-917.
[47]
SORLI C, HARASHIMA S, TSOUKAS GM, et al. Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide monotherapy versus placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 1): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multinational, multicentre phase 3a trial[J]. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 2017,5(4): 251-260.
[48]
WYSHAM C, BLEVINS T, ARAKAKI R, et al. Efficacy and safety of dulaglutide added onto pioglitazone and metformin versus exenatide in type 2 diabetes in a randomized controlled trial(AWARD-1) [J]. Diabetes Care, 2014, 37(8): 2159-2167.
[49]
YABE D, NAKAMURA J, KANETO H, et al. Safety and efficacy of oral semaglutide versus dulaglutide in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes (PIONEER 10): an open-label, randomised, active-controlled, phase 3a trial [J]. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 2020, 8(5): 392-406.
[50]
YAMADA Y, KATAGIRI H, HAMAMOTO Y, et al. Dose-response, efficacy, and safety of oral semaglutide monotherapy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes (PIONEER 9): a 52-week, phase 2/3a, randomised, controlled trial [J]. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 2020, 8(5): 377-391.
[51]
YANG W, MIN K, ZHOU Z, et al. Efficacy and safety of lixisenatide in a predominantly Asian population with type 2 diabetes insufficiently controlled with basal insulin: the GetGoal-L-C randomized trial [J]. Diabetes Obes Metab, 2018, 20(2):335-343.
[52]
YU PAN C, HAN P, LIU X, et al. Lixisenatide treatment improves glycaemic control in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on metformin with or without sulfonylurea:a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 24-week trial(GetGoal-M-Asia)[J]. Diabetes Metab Res Rev, 2014, 30(8):726-735.
[53]
ZINMAN B, BHOSEKAR V, BUSCH R, et al. Semaglutide once weekly as add-on to SGLT-2 inhibitor therapy in type 2 diabetes(SUSTAIN 9): a randomised, placebo-controlled trial[J].Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 2019, 7(5): 356-367.
[54]
ZINMAN B, ARODA VR, BUSE JB, et al. Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of oral semaglutide versus placebo added to insulin with or without metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: the PIONEER 8 trial [J]. Diabetes Care, 2019, 42(12): 2262-2271.
[55]
JONES B, BUENAVENTURA T, KANDA N, et al. Targeting GLP-1 receptor trafficking to improve agonist efficacy [J]. Nat Commun, 2018, 9(1): 1602.
[56]
KONG MF, STUBBS TA, KING P, et al. The effect of single doses of pramlintide on gastric emptying of two meals in men with IDDM[J]. Diabetologia, 1998, 41(5): 577-583.
[57]
LEVIN PA, NGUYEN H, WITTBRODT ET, et al. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: a systematic review of comparative effectiveness research [J]. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes, 2017, 10:123-139.
[58]
DRUCKER DJ. GLP-1 physiology informs the pharmacotherapy of obesity [J]. Mol Metab, 2022, 57: 101351.
[59]
纪立农.胰高血糖素样肽1受体激动剂周制剂中国证据与专家指导建议[J].中国糖尿病杂志202230(6):405-411.
[60]
MIN T, BAIN SC. The role of tirzepatide, dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist, in the management of type 2 diabetes: the SURPASS clinical trials [J]. Diabetes Therapy, 2021, 12(1):143-157.
[61]
HOROWITZ M, ARODA VR, HAN J, et al. Upper and/or lower gastrointestinal adverse events with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: incidence and consequences [J]. Diabetes Obes Metab, 2017, 19(5): 672-681.
[62]
BARABOI ED, ST-PIERRE DH, SHOONER J, et al. Brain activation following peripheral administration of the GLP-1 receptor agonist exendin-4[J]. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol,2011, 301(4): R1011-R1024.
2024年第43卷第6期
PDF下载
141
61
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.06.13
  • 接收时间:2023-02-25
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-06-25
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2023-02-25
  • 录用日期:2024-03-18
基金
福建医科大学启航基金(2020QH1346; 2020QH1345)
福州市卫生健康科技计划项目(2022-S-wq1; 2022-S-wr2)
福建省自然科学基金(2021J011304)
福建医科大学附属福州市第一医院院级科研项目(2022-YJ-02)
作者信息
    1.福建医科大学附属福清市医院,福建 福州 350300
    2.福建医科大学附属福州市第一医院,福建 福州 350009

通讯作者:

戴亨纷
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgxyylczz/CN/10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.06.13
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏