Article(id=1241720038147813869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, issueId=1241720034091914228, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.06.14, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1666713600000, receivedDateStr=2022-10-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1710259200000, acceptedDateStr=2024-03-13, onlineDate=1773978727136, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1719244800000, pubDateStr=2024-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773978727136, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773978727136, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773978727136, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241720034091914228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, year='2024', volume='43', issue='6', pageStart='401', pageEnd='480', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773978726169, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773979021315, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241721272128828343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, issueId=1241720034091914228, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241721272128828344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, issueId=1241720034091914228, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=469, endPage=475, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241720038424637948, articleId=1241720038147813869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, language=EN, title=Mechanism of gigantol inhibiting proliferation of pancreatic carcinoma cells by targeting urokinase-type plasminogen activator, columnId=1207314218647392369, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of New Drugs and Clinical Remedies, columnName=Original Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
AIM

To study the mechanism of gigantol inhibiting the proliferation of pancreatic carcinoma (PC) cells by targeting urokinase-type plasminogen activator (PLAU).

METHODS

PC cells (PANC-1 and SW1990) were treated with different concentrations of gigantol. The cells activity was detected by CCK-8, and half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was calculated. Cell clone assay was performed to detect the effects of gigantol on cells growth ability. The effects of gigantol on cells growth cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometer. The targets of gigantol were analyzed by bioinformatics, expressions of these targets in PC tissues and their relationship with poor clinical phenotypes were analyzed.PC cells were transfected with PLAU or vector plasmid, and divided into normal group (vector plasmid), gigantol group (45 μmol·L-1 or 50 μmol·L-1) and gigantol + PLAU (PLAU plasmid) group. The effects of gigantol on cells proliferation, clone, cells cycle and apoptosis by targeting PLAU were observed. The expression of PLAU protein in cells was detected by Western blot. The inhibitory effects of gigantol on cells proliferation in vivo were detected by xenograft assay in nude mice.The expression of proliferating cell antigen (Ki67) was detected by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTS

Compared with the normal group, gigantol group showed a significant decrease in cell proliferation and clone number (P<0.05), and an increase in the number of G0/G1-phase cells, a decrease in the number of S-phase cells (P<0.05), and an increase in the number of apoptotic cells (P<0.05). There were no significant difference in the number of G2/M-phase cells between the two groups (P<0.05). Bioinformatics results showed that PLAU was the target of gigantol, which was up-regulated in PC tissues and related to poor clinical phenotypes of PC. Gigantol could inhibit the expression of PLAU protein in PC cells, showing concentration and time dependence (P<0.05). PLAU protein expression, proliferation activity and clone number, and the number of S-phase cells in PC cells were higher in the gigantol +PLAU group than in the gigantol group, while the number of apoptotic cells was less than in the gigantol group (P<0.05). In the nude mice experiments, the volume and weight of transplanted tumors in the gigantol group were significantly lower than those in the normal group (P<0.05), and the relative expression of Ki67 in tumor tissues was lower than that in the normal group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSION

Gigantol can inhibit the proliferation of PC cells, affect cells cycle and promote apoptosis by targeting the expression of PLAU protein.

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目的

研究石斛酚靶向尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物(PLAU)抑制胰腺癌(PC)细胞增殖的机制。

方法

采用不同浓度石斛酚作用于PC细胞(PANC-1和SW1990),CCK-8法检测细胞活力并计算半抑制浓度(IC50)值,细胞克隆实验检测石斛酚对细胞生长能力的影响,流式细胞仪检测石斛酚对细胞生长周期和凋亡的影响。生物信息学分析石斛酚作用靶点,并分析靶点在PC组织中的表达及其与临床不良表型之间的关系。将PC细胞转染PLAU或Vector质粒,分为正常(Vector质粒)组、石斛酚(45 μmol·L-1或50 μmol·L-1)组和石斛酚+PLAU(PLAU质粒)组,观察石斛酚靶向PLAU对细胞增殖、克隆及细胞周期和凋亡的影响。Western blot法检测细胞PLAU蛋白表达。裸鼠移植瘤实验检测石斛酚体内抑制细胞增殖。免疫组化法检测增殖细胞抗原(Ki67)表达。

结果

与正常组相比,石斛酚组细胞增殖活力、克隆数量显著减少(P<0.05);G0/G1期细胞数量增多,S期细胞数量减少(P<0.05),G2/M期细胞数量无显著差异(P>0.05),凋亡细胞数量增多(P<0.05)。生物信息学结果显示PLAU是石斛酚的作用靶点,在PC组织中表达上调且与PC临床不良表型有关。石斛酚浓度和时间依赖性抑制PC细胞PLAU蛋白表达(P<0.05)。石斛酚+PLAU组中PC细胞PLAU蛋白表达、增殖活力、克隆数量和S期细胞数量均高于石斛酚组,而凋亡细胞数量少于石斛酚组(P<0.05)。裸鼠实验中,石斛酚组移植瘤体积和重量显著低于正常组(P<0.05),且肿瘤组织中Ki67相对表达量低于正常组(P<0.05)。

结论

石斛酚通过靶向调控PLAU蛋白表达抑制PC细胞增殖,影响细胞周期,促进细胞凋亡。

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刘曦昀,E-mail:
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Natl J Androl, 2019, 25(12): 1088-1092., articleTitle=Ki67 in the prognosis of prostate cancer, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241720040156885593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720038147813869, xref=1a., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241720040165274202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720038147813869, companyId=1241720040156885593, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1a.Department of Internal Medicine, Leshan Vocational and Technical College, Leshan SICHUAN 614000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241720040173662811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720038147813869, companyId=1241720040156885593, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1a.乐山职业技术学院 内科教研室,四川 乐山 614000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241720040282714721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720038147813869, xref=1b., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241720040291103329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720038147813869, companyId=1241720040282714721, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1b.Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Leshan Vocational and Technical College, Leshan SICHUAN 614000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241720040303686243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720038147813869, companyId=1241720040282714721, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1b.乐山职业技术学院 中医教研室,四川 乐山 614000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241720040416932458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720038147813869, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241720040421126763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720038147813869, companyId=1241720040416932458, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guang-an People’s Hospital, Guang-an SICHUAN 638500, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241720040429515372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720038147813869, companyId=1241720040416932458, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.广安市人民医院 重症医学科,四川 广安 638500)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241720040513401456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720038147813869, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241720040525984368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720038147813869, companyId=1241720040513401456, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Department of Anaesthesia, Leshan People’s Hospital, Leshan SICHUAN 614000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241720040534372977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720038147813869, companyId=1241720040513401456, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.乐山市人民医院 麻醉科,四川 乐山 614000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241720044363772663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720038147813869, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=o3KhERqahEFsFc6gDqwYlw==, figureFileBig=S1kzMUjizBIp01XoyeL2HQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241720044439270139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720038147813869, language=CN, label=图1, caption=石斛酚体外抑制胰腺癌细胞增殖并诱导凋亡

A:石斛酚处理PANC-1的IC50,B:石斛酚处理SW1990的IC50,C:石斛酚处理PANC-1的细胞增殖率,D:石斛酚处理SW1990的细胞增殖率,E:石斛酚处理PANC-1和SW1990的细胞克隆数,F:石斛酚处理PANC-1的细胞周期,G:石斛酚处理SW1990的细胞周期,H:石斛酚处理PANC-1和SW1990的细胞凋亡率。经t检验:与正常组相比,aP>0.05,bP<0.05

, figureFileSmall=o3KhERqahEFsFc6gDqwYlw==, figureFileBig=S1kzMUjizBIp01XoyeL2HQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241720044611236614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720038147813869, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=DMwUP/Kb3xzk59cEKhuXxA==, figureFileBig=ld2yKr/g7ftmfWHdaRFPrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241720044669956874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720038147813869, language=CN, label=图2, caption=石斛酚靶基因及其与胰腺癌(PC)临床不良表型之间的关系

A:预测石斛酚的靶基因,B:PLAU在PC组织和癌旁组织中的差异表达,C:PLAU在PC不同淋巴结转移分期中的差异表达,D:PLAU在PC不同分级中的差异表达,E:PLAU在PC复发患者和非复发患者中差异表达,F:PLAU在PC预后良好患者和预后不良患者中的差异表达,G:PLAU差异性表达对患者无病生存期的影响,H:PLAU差异性表达对患者总生存期的影响。经t检验:与癌旁组织/淋巴结转移N0型/PC分化G1~2/PC非复发组/PC预后良好组/PLAU低表达相比,bP<0.05

, figureFileSmall=DMwUP/Kb3xzk59cEKhuXxA==, figureFileBig=ld2yKr/g7ftmfWHdaRFPrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241720044812563217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720038147813869, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=SpDTlrHEPAjHAECttUwC6A==, figureFileBig=/FAXsqbeIvGjVgkOm3kMxA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241720044921615125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720038147813869, language=CN, label=图3, caption=石斛酚体外抑制胰腺癌细胞PLAU蛋白表达

A:石斛酚下调PLAU蛋白表达呈浓度依赖性,B:石斛酚下调PLAU蛋白表达呈时间依赖性。经单因素方差分析:与0 μmol·L-1组相比,bP<0.05;与0 h组相比,eP<0.05

, figureFileSmall=SpDTlrHEPAjHAECttUwC6A==, figureFileBig=/FAXsqbeIvGjVgkOm3kMxA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241720045001306906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720038147813869, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=IPTW1xIHhKaS0jsP8DToLQ==, figureFileBig=uaeiu3uUvozVYIQMNwVnUg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241720045085192989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720038147813869, language=CN, label=图4, caption=石斛酚靶向PLAU体外抑制胰腺癌细胞增殖并诱导凋亡

A:2组中PLAU蛋白表达,B:3组中PLAU蛋白表达,C:PANC-1细胞增殖实验,D:SW1990细胞增殖实验,E:PANC-1细胞生长周期实验,F:SW1990细胞生长周期实验。经单因素方差分析:与正常组比较,aP>0.05,bP<0.05;与石斛酚组比较,dP>0.05,eP<0.05

, figureFileSmall=IPTW1xIHhKaS0jsP8DToLQ==, figureFileBig=uaeiu3uUvozVYIQMNwVnUg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241720045135524640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720038147813869, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=yifdPUD2EFl56w+8ckYNFg==, figureFileBig=jZ6WBKKanAun2VDdXGxLXA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241720046658056999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241720038147813869, language=CN, label=图5, caption=石斛酚体内抑制胰腺癌细胞增殖

A:移植瘤体积随时间的变化,B:Ki67免疫组化典型图片(×200)。经t检验:与正常组相比,bP<0.05

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石斛酚靶向尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物抑制胰腺癌细胞增殖
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吴丽虹 1a , 刘曦昀 1b , 唐晋 2 , 陈桥 3 , 熊瑛 1a
中国新药与临床杂志 | 论著 2024,43(6): 469-475
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中国新药与临床杂志 | 论著 2024, 43(6): 469-475
石斛酚靶向尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物抑制胰腺癌细胞增殖
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吴丽虹1a , 刘曦昀1b , 唐晋2, 陈桥3, 熊瑛1a
作者信息
  • 1a.乐山职业技术学院 内科教研室,四川 乐山 614000
  • 1b.乐山职业技术学院 中医教研室,四川 乐山 614000
  • 2.广安市人民医院 重症医学科,四川 广安 638500
  • 3.乐山市人民医院 麻醉科,四川 乐山 614000
  • 吴丽虹,女,副教授,学士,主要从事消化内科的工作及研究,E-mail:

通讯作者:

刘曦昀,E-mail:
Mechanism of gigantol inhibiting proliferation of pancreatic carcinoma cells by targeting urokinase-type plasminogen activator
Li-hong WU1a , Xi-yun LIU1b , Jin TANG2, Qiao CHEN3, Ying XIONG1a
Affiliations
  • 1a.Department of Internal Medicine, Leshan Vocational and Technical College, Leshan SICHUAN 614000, China
  • 1b.Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Leshan Vocational and Technical College, Leshan SICHUAN 614000, China
  • 2.Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guang-an People’s Hospital, Guang-an SICHUAN 638500, China
  • 3.Department of Anaesthesia, Leshan People’s Hospital, Leshan SICHUAN 614000, China
出版时间: 2024-06-25 doi: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.06.14
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目的

研究石斛酚靶向尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物(PLAU)抑制胰腺癌(PC)细胞增殖的机制。

方法

采用不同浓度石斛酚作用于PC细胞(PANC-1和SW1990),CCK-8法检测细胞活力并计算半抑制浓度(IC50)值,细胞克隆实验检测石斛酚对细胞生长能力的影响,流式细胞仪检测石斛酚对细胞生长周期和凋亡的影响。生物信息学分析石斛酚作用靶点,并分析靶点在PC组织中的表达及其与临床不良表型之间的关系。将PC细胞转染PLAU或Vector质粒,分为正常(Vector质粒)组、石斛酚(45 μmol·L-1或50 μmol·L-1)组和石斛酚+PLAU(PLAU质粒)组,观察石斛酚靶向PLAU对细胞增殖、克隆及细胞周期和凋亡的影响。Western blot法检测细胞PLAU蛋白表达。裸鼠移植瘤实验检测石斛酚体内抑制细胞增殖。免疫组化法检测增殖细胞抗原(Ki67)表达。

结果

与正常组相比,石斛酚组细胞增殖活力、克隆数量显著减少(P<0.05);G0/G1期细胞数量增多,S期细胞数量减少(P<0.05),G2/M期细胞数量无显著差异(P>0.05),凋亡细胞数量增多(P<0.05)。生物信息学结果显示PLAU是石斛酚的作用靶点,在PC组织中表达上调且与PC临床不良表型有关。石斛酚浓度和时间依赖性抑制PC细胞PLAU蛋白表达(P<0.05)。石斛酚+PLAU组中PC细胞PLAU蛋白表达、增殖活力、克隆数量和S期细胞数量均高于石斛酚组,而凋亡细胞数量少于石斛酚组(P<0.05)。裸鼠实验中,石斛酚组移植瘤体积和重量显著低于正常组(P<0.05),且肿瘤组织中Ki67相对表达量低于正常组(P<0.05)。

结论

石斛酚通过靶向调控PLAU蛋白表达抑制PC细胞增殖,影响细胞周期,促进细胞凋亡。

石斛酚  /  尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物  /  胰腺癌  /  增殖
AIM

To study the mechanism of gigantol inhibiting the proliferation of pancreatic carcinoma (PC) cells by targeting urokinase-type plasminogen activator (PLAU).

METHODS

PC cells (PANC-1 and SW1990) were treated with different concentrations of gigantol. The cells activity was detected by CCK-8, and half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was calculated. Cell clone assay was performed to detect the effects of gigantol on cells growth ability. The effects of gigantol on cells growth cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometer. The targets of gigantol were analyzed by bioinformatics, expressions of these targets in PC tissues and their relationship with poor clinical phenotypes were analyzed.PC cells were transfected with PLAU or vector plasmid, and divided into normal group (vector plasmid), gigantol group (45 μmol·L-1 or 50 μmol·L-1) and gigantol + PLAU (PLAU plasmid) group. The effects of gigantol on cells proliferation, clone, cells cycle and apoptosis by targeting PLAU were observed. The expression of PLAU protein in cells was detected by Western blot. The inhibitory effects of gigantol on cells proliferation in vivo were detected by xenograft assay in nude mice.The expression of proliferating cell antigen (Ki67) was detected by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTS

Compared with the normal group, gigantol group showed a significant decrease in cell proliferation and clone number (P<0.05), and an increase in the number of G0/G1-phase cells, a decrease in the number of S-phase cells (P<0.05), and an increase in the number of apoptotic cells (P<0.05). There were no significant difference in the number of G2/M-phase cells between the two groups (P<0.05). Bioinformatics results showed that PLAU was the target of gigantol, which was up-regulated in PC tissues and related to poor clinical phenotypes of PC. Gigantol could inhibit the expression of PLAU protein in PC cells, showing concentration and time dependence (P<0.05). PLAU protein expression, proliferation activity and clone number, and the number of S-phase cells in PC cells were higher in the gigantol +PLAU group than in the gigantol group, while the number of apoptotic cells was less than in the gigantol group (P<0.05). In the nude mice experiments, the volume and weight of transplanted tumors in the gigantol group were significantly lower than those in the normal group (P<0.05), and the relative expression of Ki67 in tumor tissues was lower than that in the normal group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSION

Gigantol can inhibit the proliferation of PC cells, affect cells cycle and promote apoptosis by targeting the expression of PLAU protein.

gigantol  /  urokinase-type plasminogen activator  /  pancreatic carcinoma  /  proliferation
吴丽虹, 刘曦昀, 唐晋, 陈桥, 熊瑛. 石斛酚靶向尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物抑制胰腺癌细胞增殖. 中国新药与临床杂志, 2024 , 43 (6) : 469 -475 . DOI: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.06.14
Li-hong WU, Xi-yun LIU, Jin TANG, Qiao CHEN, Ying XIONG. Mechanism of gigantol inhibiting proliferation of pancreatic carcinoma cells by targeting urokinase-type plasminogen activator[J]. Chinese Journal of New Drugs and Clinical Remedies, 2024 , 43 (6) : 469 -475 . DOI: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.06.14
胰腺癌(pancreatic carcinoma,PC)是消化系统恶性肿瘤[1],发病机制复杂,常伴有炎症反应,临床患者多预后不良[2]。分析PC的发病和分子机制对于临床上早期诊疗PC意义重大[3]。尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物(urokinase-type plasminogen activator, PLAU)是蛋白水解酶家族成员,可结合纤溶蛋白酶后溶解细胞基底膜和外基质,为肿瘤细胞转移和侵袭创造了条件[4]。PLAU已被证实在多种疾病中差异表达,参与人类多种恶性肿瘤的侵袭和转移[5,6],可用于恶性肿瘤的早期诊断[7]。有研究发现PLAU在前列腺癌中过表达,与肿瘤的侵袭和转移呈正相关[8]。基于此,本研究推测PLAU可能是临床改善PC患者预后的潜在生物标志物。石斛酚(gigantol)是从石斛中分离出的联苄类化合物,具有抗肿瘤、抗诱变等功效[9]。有研究结果发现,石斛酚可以降低高糖诱导的人视网膜微血管内皮细胞的氧化应激反应,从而发挥保护细胞的作用[10]。本研究观察石斛酚对PLAU的靶向作用,通过PC细胞体外和体内实验初步探讨其可能的作用机制。
PANC-1和SW1990细胞购自中国科学院上海生命科学研究院细胞资源中心。石斛酚标准品购自上海诗丹德标准技术服务有限公司,纯度为98%,以0.5%的羧甲基纤维素钠溶液溶解。RPMI 1640培养基购于上海经科化学科技有限公司,胎牛血清购于爱必信(上海)生物科技有限公司,Giemsa染色液、Hoechst 33258染色液、NP-40裂解液、二喹啉甲酸(BCA)蛋白浓度测定试剂盒、十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺(SDS-PAGE)凝胶配制试剂盒均购自北京伊塔生物科技有限公司,兔抗PLAU多克隆抗体以及辣根过氧化物酶标记的羊抗兔IgG(H+L)二抗购自上海科敏生物科技有限公司,DMEM高糖培养基购自上海李记生物科技有限公司。ST-360型酶标仪购自上海晚成医疗器械有限公司,流式细胞仪购自常州必达科生物科技有限公司。
利用TargetNet(http://targetnet.scbdd.com)、SwissTargetPrediction(http://swisstargetprediction.ch/)在线数据预测石斛酚的靶基因,将两个数据库预测结果进行交叉分析,即得该药物的有效靶点。从GEO2R数据库(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gds)中检索得到包含PC的数据集,用于比较PC患者的癌组织与癌旁组织基因表达差异。通过癌症基因组图谱(the cancer genome atlas,TCGA)在线数据库(https://cancergenome.nih.gov/)下载PC临床样本数据,比较PLAU在不同临床病理特征间的表达情况。
将两种PC细胞(PANC-1和SW1990)接种于含10%胎牛血清的RPMI 1640培养液,在37 ℃ 5%CO2饱和湿度条件下培养,细胞为贴壁生长,胰酶消化液消化后传代培养,实验取用对数生长期细胞。石斛酚组用石斛酚[45 μmol·L-1(PANC-1)和50 μmol·L-1(SW1990)]处理,石斛酚+PLAU组细胞转染PLAU并用石斛酚处理,培养48 h。
采用CCK-8法。取生长状态良好的PANC-1和SW1990细胞,用完全培养液配制的不同浓度石斛酚(0、10、20、50、70、80 μmol·L-1)分别重悬细胞,然后以每孔5×103个细胞接种于96孔板,每孔加入CCK-8溶液10 μL于37 ℃环境中继续孵育2 h,用酶标仪检测450 nm的吸光度,计算石斛酚对PC细胞的IC50,作为分组给药浓度。将细胞分为正常组、石斛酚(45 μmol·L-1或50 μmol·L-1)组。
以每孔5×103个细胞的密度接种于96孔板。观察比较正常组和石斛酚组0、1、2、3、4、5 d时的细胞增殖能力。采用CCK-8法,用酶标仪检测450 nm的吸光度。
以每孔1×106个细胞的密度接种于6孔板上。分组给药培养48 h后吸弃培养液,更换为无药新鲜培养基后继续培养2周,将培养皿中培养基小心倒弃,PBS洗涤细胞3次,甲醇固定菌落,0.25%结晶紫染色30 min,统计分析菌落数量。细胞克隆计数的标准为显微镜下每个克隆含有的细胞数大于50个。
以每孔2×105个细胞的密度平铺于6孔板贴壁培养24 h,分组给药培养48 h后离心收集各组细胞,用提前预冷的75%乙醇固定过夜,PI染色,PBS清洗2次后,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期。
以0.25%胰酶消化后制成密度为2×105·mL-1的细胞悬液,以每孔2 mL接种于6孔板中进行培养。分组给药培养48 h后离心收集各组细胞,加入FITC标记的Annexin V 5 μL,于37 ℃避光孵育30 min,加入PI 5 μL混匀,2 ℃~8℃避光反应10 min,再加入Binding Buffer 400 μL,用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率。
采用Western blot法观察石斛酚对PLAU蛋白表达的影响。采用不同浓度石斛酚处理PC细胞(0、15、30、45和60 μmol·L-1处理PANC-1,0、25、50、75、100 μmol·L-1处理SW1990细胞),收集各组细胞加入,加入RIPA裂解液冰上裂解20 min,离心保留上清,使用BCA法对细胞上清中的总蛋白含量进行定量。蛋白电泳后转至PVDF膜,用5%脱脂牛奶室温封闭1 h。加入用封闭液稀释的PLAU兔单克隆抗体(1∶5 000),4 ℃孵育过夜,加入封闭液稀释的HRP标记的羊抗兔二抗(1∶1 000)室温孵育60 min,加入ECL化学发光液进行显影,以β-actin作为内参。同上方法,观察正常组和石斛酚组给药后0、12、24和48 h的PLAU蛋白表达水平。根据LipofectamineTM 2000说明书将PLAU(PLAU组)或Vector(对照组)质粒转染至PC细胞中,观察PLUA蛋白表达的变化。另分为正常(转染Vector质粒)组、石斛酚(45 μmol·L-1或50 μmol·L-1)组和石斛酚+PLAU(细胞转染PLAU质粒)组,观察比较各组细胞增殖、克隆能力,细胞周期及凋亡率。
18只裸鼠购自四川省医学科学院·四川省人民医院实验动物研究所,许可证号:SCXK(川)2018-15,在标准环境中饲养,并自由采食饮水。将裸鼠分为正常组、石斛酚组,每组9只,于裸鼠腋下脂肪垫接种SW1990细胞,7 d内移植瘤出现表示模型建立成功。石斛酚组每隔1 d经腹腔注射一次石斛酚50 mg·kg-1,持续14 d,每2 d测量瘤体体积。每隔7 d记录小鼠体重变化。14 d后处死所有裸鼠,取出瘤体测量瘤体体积及重量。
取出移植瘤组织,常规石蜡切片,烤片、脱蜡水化,用PBS冲洗3次,每次5 min;微波修复15 min,切片用过氧化酶抑制剂室温处理10 min,PBS冲洗3次,每次3 min。滴加Ki67抗体(1∶100),4 ℃孵育过夜;PBS冲洗3次,每次3 min;滴加HRP-羊抗小鼠IgG,室温孵育10 min;PBS充分淋洗后,滴加H2O2-DAB显色液显色;复染,脱水透明,封片。免疫组化法染色检测Ki67表达。阴性对照用PBS代替Ki67抗体。在显微镜下观察,拍照。
采用SPSS17.0软件进行统计学处理,计量资料实验结果以表示,用t检验分析2组间的表达差异,用单因素方差分析检验多组间的表达差异。P<0.05为有显著差异。
石斛酚对PANC-1的IC50为44.82 μmol·L-1,对SW1990的IC50为49.94 μmol·L-1,因此分别选择45 μmol·L-1和50 μmol·L-1石斛酚处理PANC-1和SW1990,见图1A、B。与正常组相比,从第2日开始石斛酚组细胞增殖活力显著降低(P<0.05);细胞克隆数量显著减少(P<0.05);G0/G1期细胞数量增多,S期细胞数量减少(P<0.05),G2/M期细胞无显著差异(P>0.05);凋亡细胞数量增多(P<0.05),见图1C、D、E、F、G、H
通过SwissTargetPrediction和TargetNet在线工具预测石斛酚靶点,结果获得156个作用靶点。GEO2R数据库分析比较PC患者的癌组织与癌旁组织基因表达差异,结果显示,GSE62452数据集中鉴定出197个基因在PC组织中表达上调。将两个预测数据库进行交叉分析,获得1个共同基因,即PLAU,见图2A。GSE62452分析结果显示,PLAU在癌组织中表达高于癌旁组织(P<0.05),见图2B。TCGA数据库分析结果显示,淋巴结转移N1型中PLAU表达高于N0型(P<0.05),见图2C。G3~4分级的PC组织中PLAU表达高于G1~2分级(P<0.05),见图2D。PC复发组患者中PLAU表达高于非复发组患者(P<0.05),见图2E。预后不良组PC患者中PLAU表达高于预后良好组PC患者(P<0.05),见图2F。PLAU高表达患者的无病生存期和总生存期小于PLAU低表达患者(P<0.05)。见图2G图2H
在PANC-1和SW1990细胞中,随着石斛酚浓度增加和时间的延长,PLAU蛋白表达逐渐减少,呈浓度和时间依赖性。见图3
与对照组相比,PLAU组PLAU蛋白表达增加(0.75±0.07 vs. 1.03±0.10, P<0.05),见@图4A。与正常组相比,石斛酚组中PLAU蛋白表达降低(0.88±0.09 vs. 0.64±0.07, P<0.05),而石斛酚+PLAU组中PLAU蛋白表达有所增加(0.85±0.08, P<0.05),见@图4B。与正常组相比,给药第2日起石斛酚组细胞增殖活力显著降低(P<0.05),细胞克隆数量显著减少(1.03±0.11 vs. 0.46±0.05,P<0.05);石斛酚+PLAU组细胞增殖活力和细胞克隆数量(0.99±0.10)显著高于石斛酚组(P<0.05),见@图4C和4D。与正常组相比,石斛酚组G0/G1细胞数量增多、S期细胞数量减少(P<0.05),细胞凋亡率显著增加[(21.85±2.21)% vs.(42.13±4.35)%,P<0.05];与石斛酚组相比,石斛酚+PLAU组G0/G1细胞减少、S期细胞增加(P<0.05),凋亡细胞率降低[(20.36±2.11)%]。各组中G2/M细胞数量无显著差异(P>0.05),见@图4E和4F
2组裸鼠饮食、体征均正常,每只小鼠均成瘤,无死亡情况;第2日起,石斛酚组移植瘤体积小于正常组(P<0.05),见图5A。第14日,与正常组相比,石斛酚组移植瘤质量[(0.28±0.31)g vs.(0.20±0.21)g]和体积[(375.64±38.01)mm3 vs.(223.99±21.10)mm3]均显著减小(P<0.05),Ki67相对表达量显著降低(1.13±0.35 vs. 0.24±0.02,P<0.05),见图5B
PC是致死率较高的一类常见恶性肿瘤,其早期发病较为隐匿,大部分患者在确诊时已处于中晚期,患者错失最佳治疗时机[11]。同时,晚期PC患者容易复发、出现淋巴结转移且患者的总生存期普遍较低,造成临床治疗困难,患者生活质量受损。临床多采用手术、放化疗手段等治疗PC患者,但其治疗效果欠佳[12]。因此,寻找新型治疗靶点和有效干预方式以提高PC治疗的效果是现阶段急需解决的痛点。
本研究结果显示,石斛酚作用PANC-1和SW1990细胞后,细胞增殖、克隆能力明显被抑制,且石斛酚可阻滞PC细胞周期,诱导凋亡。既往研究[13]显示,石斛酚作用肺癌细胞可抑制细胞增殖,结合本研究结果初步推测,石斛酚具有抑制PC细胞增殖,调节细胞周期变化,加速细胞凋亡过程的作用。本研究通过生物信息分析初步预测石斛酚的靶基因,共获得156个石斛酚作用的有效靶点,进一步分析发现PLAU在PC癌组织中的表达高于癌旁组织,且PLAU的差异表达与PC临床不良表型有关。Western blot法检测结果显示石斛酚浓度越大,细胞PLAU蛋白表达水平越低,石斛酚作用时间越长,细胞PLAU蛋白表达水平越低,说明石斛酚呈浓度和时间依赖性下调PLAU蛋白表达。
分析石斛酚对PC增殖影响的可能作用机制,体外实验结果显示,PC细胞经石斛酚处理后,细胞PLAU蛋白表达降低,细胞增殖、克隆能力明显下降,细胞周期受到阻滞,凋亡细胞明显增多;而在恢复PLAU表达后,石斛酚对细胞增殖的抑制作用得到逆转,提示石斛酚可能通过靶向PLAU调控PC细胞增殖、凋亡等生物学过程。肿瘤的发生发展是一个多通路、多步骤的复杂生理过程,PLAU的差异表达在肿瘤的侵袭和转移过程中发挥关键的作用[14]。PLAU是一种丝氨酸蛋白水解酶,可与纤溶酶受体结合,基底膜和细胞外基质被溶解,进而促进肿瘤生长、浸润、转移和血管新生,其存在于多种多样的肿瘤细胞内,可作为肿瘤预后风险评估及可能的治疗靶点[15]。既往研究表明,PLAU产于胰头癌增殖、细胞外基质降解等多种生物学过程,可作为胰头癌的生物标志物,是预测胰头癌患者预后的重要指标[16]。结合本研究结果推测,石斛酚可能通过靶向PLAU体外抑制PC细胞增殖并诱导凋亡。
裸鼠移植瘤实验也支持上述结果,PC模型小鼠经石斛酚作用后,移植瘤生长速度明显降低,体积和重量明显减小。Ki67是一种肿瘤增殖抗原,主要存在于增殖细胞中的核蛋白,该指标越高,提示肿瘤的增殖速度和肿瘤内增殖细胞的比例更大,临床上通常用该指标判断肿瘤的恶性程度高低[17]。既往研究显示,Ki67可以作为预测前列腺癌患者预后的危险因素[18]。本研究免疫组化检测发现,石斛酚组Ki67相对表达量明显低于正常组,提示石斛酚可抑制裸鼠移植瘤瘤体增长。
综上所述,石斛酚可体外抑制PC细胞增殖并诱导细胞凋亡,其作用机制可能是通过靶向调节PLAU表达来实现的,更详细的分子机制需要大量的体内外功能实验进行验证。
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2024年第43卷第6期
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doi: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.06.14
  • 接收时间:2022-10-26
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2024-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2022-10-26
  • 录用日期:2024-03-13
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    1a.乐山职业技术学院 内科教研室,四川 乐山 614000
    1b.乐山职业技术学院 中医教研室,四川 乐山 614000
    2.广安市人民医院 重症医学科,四川 广安 638500
    3.乐山市人民医院 麻醉科,四川 乐山 614000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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