Article(id=1241311714659062569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, issueId=1241311708883513558, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.01.07, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1667232000000, receivedDateStr=2022-11-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1688572800000, acceptedDateStr=2023-07-06, onlineDate=1773881375230, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1706112000000, pubDateStr=2024-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773881375230, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773881375230, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773881375230, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241311708883513558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, year='2024', volume='43', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='78', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773881373854, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773882024061, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241314436116435425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, issueId=1241311708883513558, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241314436116435426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, issueId=1241311708883513558, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=35, endPage=39, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241311714965246771, articleId=1241311714659062569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, language=EN, title=Effective dose of esketamine inhibiting responses to gastroscopy insertion when combined with propofol in patients of different ages, columnId=1207314218647392369, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of New Drugs and Clinical Remedies, columnName=Original Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
AIM

To investigate the effective dose of esketamine inhibiting responses to gastroscopy insertion when combined with propofol in patients of different ages.

METHODS

Patients scheduled for painless gastroscopy were selected and divided into three groups according to different ages: youth group (aged 1 - 40 years), middle age group (aged 41 - 64 years), and elderly group (aged 65 - 80 years). All patients were given propofol 1.5 mg·kg-1 combined with esketamine under intravenous anesthesia, dose of esketamine was determined by up-and-down sequential method, the initial dose of esketamine set at 0.2 mg·kg-1, and the common ratio of esketamine dose in adjacent patients was 1.1. When the response to gastroscopy insertion was positive reaction, the dose of esketamine was increased in the next patient, and decreased vice versa. The test ended after 7 crossovers were obtained. Probit analysis was used to calculate the median effective dose (ED50), 95% effective dose (ED95), and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). Vital signs, awakening time, and the occurrence of adverse reactions were recorded.

RESULTS

The effective dose of esketamine inhibiting responses to gastroscopy insertion in patients of different ages when combined with propofol 1.5 mg·kg-1: the ED50 of the young group was 0.192 mg·kg-1 (95% CI: 0.181 to 0.202 mg·kg-1), ED95 was 0.209 mg·kg-1 (95% CI: 0.200 to 0.255 mg·kg-1) ; the ED50 of the middle age group was 0.157 mg·kg-1 (95% CI: 0.106 to 0.183 mg·kg-1), ED95 was 0.202 mg·kg-1 (95% CI: 0.179 to 0.576 mg·kg-1) ; the ED50 was 0.113 mg·kg-1 (95% CI: 0.085 to 0.131 mg·kg-1) and ED95 was 0.150 mg·kg-1 (95% CI: 0.131 to 0.303 mg·kg-1) in the elderly group. There were 2 cases of hypotension and 1 case of respiratory depression in the elderly group, while there were no significant adverse reactions in the other two groups.

CONCLUSION

When combined with propofol 1.5 mg·kg-1, the ED50 and ED95 of esketamine inhibiting response to gastroscopy insertion in patients of different ages show decreasing trends with age.

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目的

探讨复合丙泊酚时艾司氯胺酮抑制胃镜置入反应的有效剂量,及其与年龄的关系。

方法

择期行无痛胃镜检查的患者,按年龄分为青年组(年龄18 ~ 40岁)、中年组(年龄41 ~ 64岁)和老年组(年龄65 ~ 80岁)。各组患者均给予丙泊酚1.5 mg·kg-1复合艾司氯胺酮静脉麻醉,采用序贯法进行试验,艾司氯胺酮初始剂量为0.2 mg·kg-1,根据胃镜置入反应的情况,确定下一例患者艾司氯胺酮的剂量,相邻患者剂量比为1.1,如置入胃镜出现阳性反应则下一例患者升高一个梯度,反之则降低一个梯度,待出现7个交叉拐点则终止该研究。采用Probit概率法计算艾司氯胺酮的半数有效剂量(ED50)、95%有效剂量(ED95)及相应95%置信区间(95%CI)。记录生命体征、苏醒质量和不良反应发生情况。

结果

复合丙泊酚1.5 mg·kg-1时艾司氯胺酮抑制不同年龄患者胃镜置入反应的有效剂量:青年组ED50为0.192 mg·kg-1(95% CI:0.181 ~ 0.202 mg·kg-1),ED95为0.209 mg·kg-1(95% CI:0.200 ~ 0.255 mg·kg-1);中年组ED50为0.157 mg·kg-1(95% CI:0.106 ~ 0.183 mg·kg-1),ED95为0.202 mg·kg-1(95% CI:0.179 ~ 0.576 mg·kg-1);老年组ED50为0.113 mg·kg-1(95% CI :0.085 ~ 0.131 mg·kg-1),ED95为0.150 mg·kg-1(95% CI:0.131 ~ 0.303 mg·kg-1)。老年组出现低血压2例,呼吸抑制1例,其他2组无明显不良反应发生。

结论

复合丙泊酚1.5 mg·kg-1时,艾司氯胺酮抑制不同年龄患者胃镜置入反应的ED50和ED95有随年龄增长而递减的趋势。

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邓丽珍,女,副主任医师,硕士,主要从事临床麻醉的研究,E-mail:

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Br J Clin Pharmacol, 2022, 88(3): 1279-1287., articleTitle=The median effective concentration of propofol with different doses of esketamine during gastrointestinal endoscopy in elderly patients: a randomized controlled trial, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241311716110291809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241311714659062569, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241311716118680418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241311714659062569, companyId=1241311716110291809, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Anesthesiology, Boai Hospital of Zhongshan, Zhongshan GUANGDONG 528400, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241311716131263333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241311714659062569, companyId=1241311716110291809, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中山市博爱医院 麻醉科,广东 中山 528400)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241311720443007017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241311714659062569, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=eFdh836dy1KvcR5SCa3CZw==, figureFileBig=r9yAjTl2cxSj81aQrbu40A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241311720510115883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241311714659062569, language=CN, label=图1, caption=艾司氯胺酮抑制不同年龄患者胃镜置入反应的序贯图, figureFileSmall=eFdh836dy1KvcR5SCa3CZw==, figureFileBig=r9yAjTl2cxSj81aQrbu40A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241311720719831099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241311714659062569, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=SyieuH0r8P0Y0EwuVhyWlA==, figureFileBig=P8hPiHM380iFNfrC/CjA1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241311720812105791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241311714659062569, language=CN, label=图2, caption=艾司氯胺酮抑制不同年龄患者胃镜置入反应剂量-效应曲线图, figureFileSmall=SyieuH0r8P0Y0EwuVhyWlA==, figureFileBig=P8hPiHM380iFNfrC/CjA1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241311722288500805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241311714659062569, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标青年组(n = 20)中年组(n = 22)老年组(n = 23)
年龄/岁31.2±6.449.0±6.1b68.8±3.7be
性别(男/女)/例10/1014/8a10/13ad
体重指数/ kg·m-221.4±1.921.8±2.2a22.2±2.2ad
苏醒时间/ min5.0±1.25.3±0.9a6.4±1.2be
离室时间/ min22.0±3.723.2±2.0a25.6±2.6be
), ArticleFig(id=1241311722380775498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241311714659062569, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各组患者一般资料和苏醒情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标青年组(n = 20)中年组(n = 22)老年组(n = 23)
年龄/岁31.2±6.449.0±6.1b68.8±3.7be
性别(男/女)/例10/1014/8a10/13ad
体重指数/ kg·m-221.4±1.921.8±2.2a22.2±2.2ad
苏醒时间/ min5.0±1.25.3±0.9a6.4±1.2be
离室时间/ min22.0±3.723.2±2.0a25.6±2.6be
), ArticleFig(id=1241311722494021714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241311714659062569, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别时间HR/次·min-1MAP/mmHgSpO2/%
青年
n = 20)
T181.0±13.488.6±14.899.8±0.4
T278.6±9.6a87.4±14.2a99.2±2.0a
T379.8±9.2a92.8±14.8a99.4±1.2a
T475.0±10.1b84.0±12.7a99.7±0.6a
中年
n = 22)
T172.4±11.0e93.8±12.1d99.8±0.5d
T276.4±11.8bd89.7±10.2ad99.8±0.5ad
T380.4±14.6bd99.8±14.6ad99.6±0.9ad
T473.2±10.3ad88.6±12.0bd99.6±0.6ad
老年
n = 23)
T171.2±8.3eg100.2±9.4eg99.6±0.8dg
T272.9±8.0adg92.7±13.2bdg99.4±1.3adg
T374.8±10.2bdg98.3±10.8adg98.2±1.5bdg
T470.4±8.9adg87.5±13.2bdg98.7±1.3adg
), ArticleFig(id=1241311722569519188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241311714659062569, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

各组患者生命体征指标变化

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别时间HR/次·min-1MAP/mmHgSpO2/%
青年
n = 20)
T181.0±13.488.6±14.899.8±0.4
T278.6±9.6a87.4±14.2a99.2±2.0a
T379.8±9.2a92.8±14.8a99.4±1.2a
T475.0±10.1b84.0±12.7a99.7±0.6a
中年
n = 22)
T172.4±11.0e93.8±12.1d99.8±0.5d
T276.4±11.8bd89.7±10.2ad99.8±0.5ad
T380.4±14.6bd99.8±14.6ad99.6±0.9ad
T473.2±10.3ad88.6±12.0bd99.6±0.6ad
老年
n = 23)
T171.2±8.3eg100.2±9.4eg99.6±0.8dg
T272.9±8.0adg92.7±13.2bdg99.4±1.3adg
T374.8±10.2bdg98.3±10.8adg98.2±1.5bdg
T470.4±8.9adg87.5±13.2bdg98.7±1.3adg
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复合丙泊酚时艾司氯胺酮抑制不同年龄患者胃镜置入反应的有效剂量
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邓丽珍 , 尹泉 , 曾伟 , 谭美云 , 何干玲 , 张春元
中国新药与临床杂志 | 论著 2024,43(1): 35-39
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中国新药与临床杂志 | 论著 2024, 43(1): 35-39
复合丙泊酚时艾司氯胺酮抑制不同年龄患者胃镜置入反应的有效剂量
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邓丽珍 , 尹泉, 曾伟, 谭美云, 何干玲, 张春元
作者信息
  • 中山市博爱医院 麻醉科,广东 中山 528400
  • 邓丽珍,女,副主任医师,硕士,主要从事临床麻醉的研究,E-mail:

Effective dose of esketamine inhibiting responses to gastroscopy insertion when combined with propofol in patients of different ages
Li-zhen DENG , Quan YIN, Wei ZENG, Mei-yun TAN, Gan-ling HE, Chun-yuan ZHANG
Affiliations
  • Department of Anesthesiology, Boai Hospital of Zhongshan, Zhongshan GUANGDONG 528400, China
出版时间: 2024-01-25 doi: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.01.07
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目的

探讨复合丙泊酚时艾司氯胺酮抑制胃镜置入反应的有效剂量,及其与年龄的关系。

方法

择期行无痛胃镜检查的患者,按年龄分为青年组(年龄18 ~ 40岁)、中年组(年龄41 ~ 64岁)和老年组(年龄65 ~ 80岁)。各组患者均给予丙泊酚1.5 mg·kg-1复合艾司氯胺酮静脉麻醉,采用序贯法进行试验,艾司氯胺酮初始剂量为0.2 mg·kg-1,根据胃镜置入反应的情况,确定下一例患者艾司氯胺酮的剂量,相邻患者剂量比为1.1,如置入胃镜出现阳性反应则下一例患者升高一个梯度,反之则降低一个梯度,待出现7个交叉拐点则终止该研究。采用Probit概率法计算艾司氯胺酮的半数有效剂量(ED50)、95%有效剂量(ED95)及相应95%置信区间(95%CI)。记录生命体征、苏醒质量和不良反应发生情况。

结果

复合丙泊酚1.5 mg·kg-1时艾司氯胺酮抑制不同年龄患者胃镜置入反应的有效剂量:青年组ED50为0.192 mg·kg-1(95% CI:0.181 ~ 0.202 mg·kg-1),ED95为0.209 mg·kg-1(95% CI:0.200 ~ 0.255 mg·kg-1);中年组ED50为0.157 mg·kg-1(95% CI:0.106 ~ 0.183 mg·kg-1),ED95为0.202 mg·kg-1(95% CI:0.179 ~ 0.576 mg·kg-1);老年组ED50为0.113 mg·kg-1(95% CI :0.085 ~ 0.131 mg·kg-1),ED95为0.150 mg·kg-1(95% CI:0.131 ~ 0.303 mg·kg-1)。老年组出现低血压2例,呼吸抑制1例,其他2组无明显不良反应发生。

结论

复合丙泊酚1.5 mg·kg-1时,艾司氯胺酮抑制不同年龄患者胃镜置入反应的ED50和ED95有随年龄增长而递减的趋势。

丙泊酚  /  艾司氯胺酮  /  胃镜检查  /  剂量效应关系,药物  /  序贯法
AIM

To investigate the effective dose of esketamine inhibiting responses to gastroscopy insertion when combined with propofol in patients of different ages.

METHODS

Patients scheduled for painless gastroscopy were selected and divided into three groups according to different ages: youth group (aged 1 - 40 years), middle age group (aged 41 - 64 years), and elderly group (aged 65 - 80 years). All patients were given propofol 1.5 mg·kg-1 combined with esketamine under intravenous anesthesia, dose of esketamine was determined by up-and-down sequential method, the initial dose of esketamine set at 0.2 mg·kg-1, and the common ratio of esketamine dose in adjacent patients was 1.1. When the response to gastroscopy insertion was positive reaction, the dose of esketamine was increased in the next patient, and decreased vice versa. The test ended after 7 crossovers were obtained. Probit analysis was used to calculate the median effective dose (ED50), 95% effective dose (ED95), and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). Vital signs, awakening time, and the occurrence of adverse reactions were recorded.

RESULTS

The effective dose of esketamine inhibiting responses to gastroscopy insertion in patients of different ages when combined with propofol 1.5 mg·kg-1: the ED50 of the young group was 0.192 mg·kg-1 (95% CI: 0.181 to 0.202 mg·kg-1), ED95 was 0.209 mg·kg-1 (95% CI: 0.200 to 0.255 mg·kg-1) ; the ED50 of the middle age group was 0.157 mg·kg-1 (95% CI: 0.106 to 0.183 mg·kg-1), ED95 was 0.202 mg·kg-1 (95% CI: 0.179 to 0.576 mg·kg-1) ; the ED50 was 0.113 mg·kg-1 (95% CI: 0.085 to 0.131 mg·kg-1) and ED95 was 0.150 mg·kg-1 (95% CI: 0.131 to 0.303 mg·kg-1) in the elderly group. There were 2 cases of hypotension and 1 case of respiratory depression in the elderly group, while there were no significant adverse reactions in the other two groups.

CONCLUSION

When combined with propofol 1.5 mg·kg-1, the ED50 and ED95 of esketamine inhibiting response to gastroscopy insertion in patients of different ages show decreasing trends with age.

propofol  /  esketamine  /  gastroscopy  /  dose-response relationship, drug  /  sequential method
邓丽珍, 尹泉, 曾伟, 谭美云, 何干玲, 张春元. 复合丙泊酚时艾司氯胺酮抑制不同年龄患者胃镜置入反应的有效剂量. 中国新药与临床杂志, 2024 , 43 (1) : 35 -39 . DOI: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.01.07
Li-zhen DENG, Quan YIN, Wei ZENG, Mei-yun TAN, Gan-ling HE, Chun-yuan ZHANG. Effective dose of esketamine inhibiting responses to gastroscopy insertion when combined with propofol in patients of different ages[J]. Chinese Journal of New Drugs and Clinical Remedies, 2024 , 43 (1) : 35 -39 . DOI: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.01.07
胃镜检查是上消化道疾病的重要筛查和治疗手段,但当患者出现强烈吞咽、呛咳、咬镜或体动时,易导致患者上消化道严重损伤或胃镜损坏等不良后果[1]。新近研究表明,艾司氯胺酮联合丙泊酚可安全应用于成人与儿童的无痛胃肠镜检查,与单纯使用丙泊酚相比,可明显减少丙泊酚用量,使患者血流动力学更平稳,呼吸抑制发生率更低,苏醒时间更短[2-4]。但笔者尚未见复合丙泊酚时艾司氯胺酮在不同年龄患者胃肠镜检查中的半数有效剂量(ED50)的相关报道,年轻人和老年人的用药量常有较大的差别,因此本研究拟通过序贯试验确定复合丙泊酚时艾司氯胺酮抑制不同年龄成年患者无痛胃镜检查置入反应的ED50及95%有效剂量(ED95),以期为临床艾司氯胺酮的精准用药提供参考。
选择2022年3月至5月本院自愿接受无痛胃镜检查的患者,性别不限,年龄18 ~ 80岁,体重指数(BMI)18 ~ 25kg·m-2,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级。排除标准:孕妇及哺乳期妇女,对丙泊酚和艾司氯胺酮过敏,有药物滥用史、精神疾病史,有严重心肺疾病、未被控制的高血压和糖尿病,术前24 h内使用镇痛镇静药物,有食道或颈部肿物。本研究经本院伦理委员会审核通过(KY-2021-010-01),患者或家属签署麻醉知情同意书。按年龄将患者分为3组:青年组(年龄18 ~ 40岁),中年组(年龄41 ~ 64岁),老年组(年龄65 ~ 80岁)。
所有患者入检查室前10 min开放外周静脉通道,入室后常规行心电图、心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、脉搏氧饱和度(SpO2)监测,鼻导管吸氧5 L·min-1。静脉注射(静注)艾司氯胺酮(江苏恒瑞医药股份有限公司,批号:210522BL)2 min后,给予丙泊酚1.5 mg·kg-1(四川科伦药业股份有限公司,批号:2003085)静注,待患者睫毛反射消失时由同一高年资医生进行胃镜检查。麻醉药物均由同一位麻醉医生配备,艾司氯胺酮统一稀释为5 mL,由另一位麻醉医生实施给药和评估,麻醉实施者和受试患者均对药物剂量不知情。采用序贯法进行试验,艾司氯胺酮初始剂量为0.2 mg·kg-1,相邻患者剂量比为1.1,如置入胃镜出现阳性反应则下一例患者升高一个梯度,反之则降低一个梯度,待出现7个交叉拐点则终止研究。胃镜置入反应阳性标准[5]:胃镜置入时或1 min内患者出现呛咳、恶心、体动反应。如出现阳性反应,静注丙泊酚0.5 mg·kg-1加深麻醉进行补救,可重复至完成胃镜检查;血压< 80/40 mmHg静注麻黄碱6 mg;HR < 50次·min-1,静注阿托品0.3 ~ 0.5 mg;SpO2 < 90%不能自行缓解,面罩正压辅助通气。
记录入室后3 min(T1)、注射丙泊酚后1 min(T2)、胃镜置入即刻(T3)及胃镜拔出即刻(T4)患者的MAP、HR和SpO2;记录苏醒时间(从胃镜拔除至患者睁眼且意识恢复的时间)和离室时间(从患者进入复苏室至认知精神功能完全恢复后离室的时间);记录低血压/高血压(血压改变幅度≥基础值20%)、呼吸抑制(SpO2 < 90%)、恶心呕吐、过敏、心动过速/过缓、复苏期躁动、苏醒延迟等不良反应发生情况。将胃镜检查完成后进入复苏室至呼之能睁眼、能配合的时间超过30 min定义为苏醒延迟。
采用SPSS25.0软件进行数据分析。正态分布计量资料以均数±标准差表示,组间比较采用单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA),组内比较采用重复测量方差分析。采用Probit概率法计算艾司氯胺酮的ED50、ED95和相应的95%置信区间(95%CI)。P < 0.05为差异有显著意义。
本研究所有组别的艾司氯胺酮剂量均从0.2 mg·kg-1开始给药,其中青年组、中年组均从第3例出现阳性反应,老年组从第4例出现阳性反应,按照改良序贯法[6],从出现阳性反应的前1例患者开始纳入研究,出现7个转折点即终止试验。共65例患者纳入分析,患者的基本情况、苏醒时间和离室时间见表1,无苏醒延迟的病例。各组之间性别、BMI比较差异均无显著意义(P > 0.05),年龄比较有显著差异(P < 0.05);与青年组、中年组比较,老年组的苏醒时间和离室时间均显著延长(P < 0.05)。
与T1比较,青年组T4的HR显著减慢(P < 0.05);中年组T2、T3的HR显著增快(P < 0.05),但T4的MAP显著降低(P < 0.05);老年组T3的HR显著增快而SpO2显著下降(P < 0.05),T2、T4的MAP显著降低(P < 0.05)。与青年组比较,中年组、老年组T1的HR较低(P < 0.05),老年组T1的MAP较高(P < 0.05),但给药后各组间的HR、MAP、SpO2无显著差异(P > 0.05)。见表2
青年组的ED50为0.192 mg·kg-1(95%CI:0.181 ~0.202 mg·kg-1),ED95为0.209 mg·kg-1(95%CI:0.200 ~0.255 mg·kg-1)。中年组的ED50为0.157 mg·kg-1(95%CI:0.106 ~ 0.183 mg·kg-1),ED95为0.202 mg·kg-1(95%CI:0.179 ~ 0.576 mg·kg-1)。老年组的ED50为0.113 mg·kg-1(95%CI:0.085 ~ 0.131 mg·kg-1),ED95为0.150 mg·kg-1(95%CI:0.131 ~ 0.303 mg·kg-1)。序贯图见图1。艾司氯胺酮抑制不同年龄组患者胃镜置入反应的剂量-效应曲线见图2
术中仅老年组出现2例低血压,其中1例合并呼吸抑制,苏醒期所有患者均未发生心动过速、心动过缓、高血压、呕吐、苏醒期躁动及苏醒延迟等不良反应,术后24 h电话随访,患者均诉无相关不适。
临床上常将阿片类药物复合丙泊酚应用于各类短小手术或诊疗操作,阿片类药物虽可提供有效的镇痛,但难免带来呼吸循环抑制、恶心呕吐、瘙痒、痛觉过敏等不良反应[7]。随着舒适化医疗和加速康复外科(ERAS)理念的发展,去阿片化麻醉技术应时而生,越来越多的研究致力于探寻可替代阿片类药物的其他镇痛药。艾司氯胺酮是一种备受青睐的新型镇静镇痛药,作为一种N-甲基-D天冬氨酸(NMDA)受体拮抗剂,它与氯胺酮具有相似的药理特性,但镇静镇痛效能更强,代谢更快,精神症状、呼吸道分泌物增多等不良反应更少[8],对呼吸、循环系统影响小[9],有望成为去阿片化技术的良好佐剂。
有研究发现,艾司氯胺酮复合丙泊酚用于纤支镜检查或逆行胆管造影等门诊无痛诊疗时,比舒芬太尼、阿芬太尼、芬太尼和地佐辛等镇痛药物更具优势,更能减少丙泊酚的用量,患者的呼吸、循环系统也更加稳定[10-14]。除此之外,还能降低老年患者的手术应激和炎症反应,促进术后认知功能恢复[15],并能显著降低丙泊酚注射痛的发生率[16]。目前,艾司氯胺酮在无痛胃肠镜检查中的应用价值得到了充分认可,为了给临床提供更精准的用药参考,本研究根据既往研究及预试验结果,将艾司氯胺酮0.2 mg·kg-1[4]作为初始剂量,复合丙泊酚1.5 mg·kg-1[5]静脉麻醉,采用序贯法观察艾司氯胺酮抑制不同年龄患者胃镜置入吞咽反射的量效关系,测得其有效剂量会随年龄增长而递减,提示该药的临床用量需根据患者具体年龄进行相应调整。
序贯法是一种简便、快速测定药物ED50的方法,可以最大限度地减少样本量,节约研究成本,是研究药物ED50常用的方法[17]。本研究为了精确用药时机、用药剂量以及避免内镜医生操作手法不同等因素引起的结果偏差,所有患者的检查操作和麻醉均由同组内镜医生及麻醉医生完成,内镜医师和麻醉医生的工作经验均> 10年。由于艾司氯胺酮静脉给药后(3±1)min血浆浓度可达到峰值,因此,所有患者在给予艾司氯胺酮后2 min后再推注丙泊酚,当患者睫毛反射消失、HR从增快降至大约给药前水平时置入内镜(约丙泊酚给药后1 min),确保在药峰时间内进行胃镜检查。3组患者中,在联合相同剂量的丙泊酚时,青年组使用艾司氯胺酮抑制喉镜置入反应的有效剂量最大,其生命体征最为平稳;随着年龄增长,中年组、老年组有效剂量逐渐减小,生命体征的变化也越加明显,但各组不良反应发生病例数总体较少。虽然丙泊酚具有循环抑制作用,部分中年、老年患者在麻醉诱导后血压会有不同程度的下降,但一般下降幅度浮动在20%以内,本研究中仅老年组出现2例低血压,其中1例低血压伴SpO2降至90%,这可能与艾司氯胺酮的交感神经兴奋作用部分抵消了丙泊酚对循环系统的抑制作用且丙泊酚用量减少有关[18]。与此同时,虽然患者的苏醒时间和离室时间会随年龄增长而略有延长,但各组均无苏醒延迟的病例,苏醒质量高,不良反应少,复苏期及术后24 h随访所有患者均未发现相关不良反应,与既往研究结果[3,12]相符,但本研究的总体用药剂量相对更少,苏醒时间更短,可能与内镜医生的操作手法、检查时长及麻醉医生对给药时机和药物总量的把控有关。为减少其他用药对各项观察指标的干扰,本研究麻醉前后均未给予阿托品等抑制腺体分泌的药物,观察到艾司氯胺酮确实存在少量增加唾液分泌的不良反应,但并未引起患者呛咳或明显不适,无需特殊处理,这可能与本研究中该药的用药剂量较小有关。
综上所述,复合丙泊酚时艾司氯胺酮抑制胃镜置入反应的有效剂量会受到年龄因素的显著影响,青年、中年、老年患者的艾司氯胺酮ED50分别为0.192、0.157、0.113 mg·kg-1,ED95则分别为0.209、0.202、0.150 mg·kg-1,均随年龄增长而递减。但本研究未观察性别、BMI等因素对复合丙泊酚时艾司氯胺酮抑制胃镜置入反应有效剂量的影响,尚需进一步研究;另外,丙泊酚的不良反应会随着使用剂量增加而增多,如果降低老年患者丙泊酚的合用剂量,能否降低低血压等不良反应的发生率并增加艾司氯胺酮的有效剂量,值得深入探讨。
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2024年第43卷第1期
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doi: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.01.07
  • 接收时间:2022-11-01
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-01-25
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  • 收稿日期:2022-11-01
  • 录用日期:2023-07-06
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    中山市博爱医院 麻醉科,广东 中山 528400
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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