Article(id=1241311709709791447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, issueId=1241311708883513558, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.01.11, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1680796800000, receivedDateStr=2023-04-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1698681600000, acceptedDateStr=2023-10-31, onlineDate=1773881374051, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1706112000000, pubDateStr=2024-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773881374051, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773881374051, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773881374051, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241311708883513558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, year='2024', volume='43', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='78', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773881373854, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773882024061, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241314436116435425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, issueId=1241311708883513558, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241314436116435426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, issueId=1241311708883513558, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=57, endPage=61, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241311709944672475, articleId=1241311709709791447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, language=EN, title=Determination of nirmatrelvir and ritonavir in human plasma by HPLC-MS/MS method, columnId=1207314218647392369, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of New Drugs and Clinical Remedies, columnName=Original Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
AIM

To establish a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method for the determination of blood drug concentrations of nirmatrelvir and ritonavir in human plasma and apply it to therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM).

METHODS

Plasma samples were precipitated, and the mobile phase consisted of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution (phase A) and acetonitrile (phase B). Isocratic elution was used with a flow rate of 0.3 mL·min-1, a column temperature of 40 ℃, and an EC-C18 chromatographic column. Multiple reaction monitoring was conducted in positive ion mode.

RESULTS

The ion channels used for quantitative analysis were m/z 500 → 110 (nirmatrelvir), m/z 721.2 →296.3 (ritonavir), and m/z 614.4 → 421 (internal standard remdesivir). In human plasma, nirmatrelvir showed good linearity in the range of 0.01 to 10 µg·mL-1, while ritonavir exhibited good linearity in the range of 0.01 to 2.0 µg·mL-1. The extraction recoveries were 79.56% to 89.91% for nirmatrelvir and 82.03% to 89.56% for ritonavir. The RSD values for intra-day and inter-day precision were all less than 15%, and the stability was satisfactory. The developed method was applied to measure the blood drug concentrations of 34 patients after oral administration of Paxlovid, which ranged from 1.04 to 18.0 µg·mL-1.

CONCLUSION

The HPLC-MS/MS method established in this study is rapid, highly sensitive, and accurate, and it can be applied to monitor the therapeutic drug concentration monitoring of COVID-19 patients after taking Paxlovid.

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目的

建立高效液相色谱质谱联用(HPLC-MS/MS)法测定人血浆奈玛特韦和利托那韦的血药浓度,并应用于治疗药物监测。

方法

血浆样品经蛋白沉淀后测定,流动相为0.1%甲酸水溶液(A相)、乙腈(B相),采用等度洗脱,流速为0.3 mL·min-1,柱温为40 ℃,使用EC-C18色谱柱,正离子模式下进行多反应监测。

结果

用于定量分析的离子通道分别为m/z 500 →110(奈玛特韦),m/z 721.2→296.3(利托那韦),m/z 614.4→421(内标瑞德西韦)。人血浆中奈玛特韦在0.01~10 µg·mL-1、利托那韦在0.01~2.0 µg·mL-1浓度范围内线性关系良好,提取回收率分别为79.56%~89.91%、82.03%~89.56%,日间及日内的RSD均小于15%,并且稳定性良好。采用该方法检测了34例新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)患者口服Paxlovid后的血药浓度,血药浓度范围在1.04~18.0 µg·mL-1之间。

结论

本研究建立的HPLC-MS/MS方法检测快速,灵敏度高,准确性好,能应用于COVID-19患者服用Paxlovid后的血药浓度监测。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
赵亮,E-mail:
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徐宗良,男,硕士在读,主要从事体内药物分析的研究,E-mail:

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Nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir (Paxlovid) a potent SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro protease inhibitor combination [J].Rev Esp Quimioter, 2022, 35(3): 236-240., articleTitle=Nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir (Paxlovid) a potent SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro protease inhibitor combination, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241311720069722722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241311709709791447, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=17, issue=8, pageStart=1247, pageEnd=1250, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=21, authorNames=HIREMATH S, McGUINTY M, ARGYROPOULOS C, journalName=Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HIREMATH S, McGUINTY M, ARGYROPOULOS C, et al. Prescribing nirmatrelvir/ritonavir for COVID-19 in advanced CKD[J]. 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A:标准品加入空白血浆,B:患者口服Paxlovid后血浆,C:空白血浆,Ⅰ:奈玛特韦,Ⅱ:利托那韦,Ⅲ:瑞德西韦(内标)

, figureFileSmall=TlJDZ6ZR0HLbhXOOkp0jNg==, figureFileBig=Cy3LQL5jyzMHXLs1rQEpbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241311715737006569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241311709709791447, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分析物浓度/μg·mL-1日内日间
测定浓度/μg·mL-1RE/%RSD/%测定浓度/μg·mL-1RE/%RSD/%
奈玛特韦0.010.010±0.002109.093.140.010±0.008104.617.21
0.030.030±0.006101.682.350.030±0.003100.236.56
0.800.750±0.00494.645.210.710±0.00289.873.11
8.007.500±0.09195.801.067.600±0.09096.122.57
利托那韦0.010.010±0.00198.9210.950.010±0.00198.857.68
0.030.030±0.002102.363.370.030±0.002101.534.88
0.160.150±0.00193.731.890.150±0.00794.544.39
1.601.600±0.009100.060.631.600±0.01699.270.94
), ArticleFig(id=1241311715875418605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241311709709791447, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

奈玛特韦、利托那韦日间与日内精密度与准确度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分析物浓度/μg·mL-1日内日间
测定浓度/μg·mL-1RE/%RSD/%测定浓度/μg·mL-1RE/%RSD/%
奈玛特韦0.010.010±0.002109.093.140.010±0.008104.617.21
0.030.030±0.006101.682.350.030±0.003100.236.56
0.800.750±0.00494.645.210.710±0.00289.873.11
8.007.500±0.09195.801.067.600±0.09096.122.57
利托那韦0.010.010±0.00198.9210.950.010±0.00198.857.68
0.030.030±0.002102.363.370.030±0.002101.534.88
0.160.150±0.00193.731.890.150±0.00794.544.39
1.601.600±0.009100.060.631.600±0.01699.270.94
), ArticleFig(id=1241311716018024949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241311709709791447, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分析物浓度/μg·mL-1提取回收率基质效应
平均值/%RSD/%平均值/%RSD/%
奈玛特韦0.0389.923.4592.575.01
0.8079.561.0294.213.49
8.0089.910.97101.023.01
利托那韦0.0389.569.0194.058.07
0.1687.515.47101.955.60
1.6082.034.6398.242.45
), ArticleFig(id=1241311716101911037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241311709709791447, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

奈玛特韦、利托那韦基质效应与提出回收率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分析物浓度/μg·mL-1提取回收率基质效应
平均值/%RSD/%平均值/%RSD/%
奈玛特韦0.0389.923.4592.575.01
0.8079.561.0294.213.49
8.0089.910.97101.023.01
利托那韦0.0389.569.0194.058.07
0.1687.515.47101.955.60
1.6082.034.6398.242.45
), ArticleFig(id=1241311716215157250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241311709709791447, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分析物浓度/μg·mL-1室温放置8 h3次冻融循环4 ℃放置24 h-80 ℃储存30 d
测定浓度/μg·mL-1RSD/%测定浓度/μg·mL-1RSD/%测定浓度/μg·mL-1RSD/%测定浓度/μg·mL-1RSD/%
奈玛特韦0.030.030±0.0039.170.030±0.0094.160.030±0.0012.760.030±0.0014.84
0.800.760±0.0121.320.760±0.0614.960.720±0.0646.530.740±0.0565.19
8.007.800±0.0684.080.750±0.0931.447.400±0.0662.197.500±0.0891.96
利托那韦0.030.030±0.0022.300.030±0.0026.270.030±0.0013.250.030±0.0025.16
0.160.140±0.0044.170.150±0.0126.600.150±0.0032.720.150±0.0025.05
1.601.600±0.0093.151.600±0.0232.811.600±0.0081.541.600±0.0213.73
), ArticleFig(id=1241311716353569289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241311709709791447, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

血浆中奈玛特韦与利托那韦的稳定性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分析物浓度/μg·mL-1室温放置8 h3次冻融循环4 ℃放置24 h-80 ℃储存30 d
测定浓度/μg·mL-1RSD/%测定浓度/μg·mL-1RSD/%测定浓度/μg·mL-1RSD/%测定浓度/μg·mL-1RSD/%
奈玛特韦0.030.030±0.0039.170.030±0.0094.160.030±0.0012.760.030±0.0014.84
0.800.760±0.0121.320.760±0.0614.960.720±0.0646.530.740±0.0565.19
8.007.800±0.0684.080.750±0.0931.447.400±0.0662.197.500±0.0891.96
利托那韦0.030.030±0.0022.300.030±0.0026.270.030±0.0013.250.030±0.0025.16
0.160.140±0.0044.170.150±0.0126.600.150±0.0032.720.150±0.0025.05
1.601.600±0.0093.151.600±0.0232.811.600±0.0081.541.600±0.0213.73
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HPLC-MS/MS法测定人血浆中奈玛特韦和利托那韦浓度
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徐宗良 1, 2 , 李盛建 2 , 钱跹 2 , 段虎 2 , 周瑾 2 , 张倩倩 2 , 董昕 1 , 赵亮 1, 2
中国新药与临床杂志 | 论著 2024,43(1): 57-61
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中国新药与临床杂志 | 论著 2024, 43(1): 57-61
HPLC-MS/MS法测定人血浆中奈玛特韦和利托那韦浓度
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徐宗良1, 2 , 李盛建2, 钱跹2, 段虎2, 周瑾2, 张倩倩2, 董昕1, 赵亮1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.上海大学医学院,上海 200444
  • 2.上海市宝山区罗店医院 药剂科,上海 201908
  • 徐宗良,男,硕士在读,主要从事体内药物分析的研究,E-mail:

通讯作者:

赵亮,E-mail:
Determination of nirmatrelvir and ritonavir in human plasma by HPLC-MS/MS method
Zong-liang XU1, 2 , Cheng-jian LI2, Xian QIAN2, Hu DUAN2, Jin ZHOU2, Qian-qian ZHANG2, Xin DONG1, Liang ZHAO1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Medicine, Shanghai University, SHANGHAI 200444, China
  • 2.Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Baoshan Luodian Hospital, SHANGHAI 201908, China
出版时间: 2024-01-25 doi: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.01.11
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目的

建立高效液相色谱质谱联用(HPLC-MS/MS)法测定人血浆奈玛特韦和利托那韦的血药浓度,并应用于治疗药物监测。

方法

血浆样品经蛋白沉淀后测定,流动相为0.1%甲酸水溶液(A相)、乙腈(B相),采用等度洗脱,流速为0.3 mL·min-1,柱温为40 ℃,使用EC-C18色谱柱,正离子模式下进行多反应监测。

结果

用于定量分析的离子通道分别为m/z 500 →110(奈玛特韦),m/z 721.2→296.3(利托那韦),m/z 614.4→421(内标瑞德西韦)。人血浆中奈玛特韦在0.01~10 µg·mL-1、利托那韦在0.01~2.0 µg·mL-1浓度范围内线性关系良好,提取回收率分别为79.56%~89.91%、82.03%~89.56%,日间及日内的RSD均小于15%,并且稳定性良好。采用该方法检测了34例新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)患者口服Paxlovid后的血药浓度,血药浓度范围在1.04~18.0 µg·mL-1之间。

结论

本研究建立的HPLC-MS/MS方法检测快速,灵敏度高,准确性好,能应用于COVID-19患者服用Paxlovid后的血药浓度监测。

色谱法,高压液相  /  串联质谱法  /  奈玛特韦  /  利托那韦  /  血药浓度
AIM

To establish a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method for the determination of blood drug concentrations of nirmatrelvir and ritonavir in human plasma and apply it to therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM).

METHODS

Plasma samples were precipitated, and the mobile phase consisted of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution (phase A) and acetonitrile (phase B). Isocratic elution was used with a flow rate of 0.3 mL·min-1, a column temperature of 40 ℃, and an EC-C18 chromatographic column. Multiple reaction monitoring was conducted in positive ion mode.

RESULTS

The ion channels used for quantitative analysis were m/z 500 → 110 (nirmatrelvir), m/z 721.2 →296.3 (ritonavir), and m/z 614.4 → 421 (internal standard remdesivir). In human plasma, nirmatrelvir showed good linearity in the range of 0.01 to 10 µg·mL-1, while ritonavir exhibited good linearity in the range of 0.01 to 2.0 µg·mL-1. The extraction recoveries were 79.56% to 89.91% for nirmatrelvir and 82.03% to 89.56% for ritonavir. The RSD values for intra-day and inter-day precision were all less than 15%, and the stability was satisfactory. The developed method was applied to measure the blood drug concentrations of 34 patients after oral administration of Paxlovid, which ranged from 1.04 to 18.0 µg·mL-1.

CONCLUSION

The HPLC-MS/MS method established in this study is rapid, highly sensitive, and accurate, and it can be applied to monitor the therapeutic drug concentration monitoring of COVID-19 patients after taking Paxlovid.

chromatography, high pressure liquid mass spectrometry  /  tandem mass spectrometry  /  nirmatrelvir  /  ritonavir  /  plasma concentration
徐宗良, 李盛建, 钱跹, 段虎, 周瑾, 张倩倩, 董昕, 赵亮. HPLC-MS/MS法测定人血浆中奈玛特韦和利托那韦浓度. 中国新药与临床杂志, 2024 , 43 (1) : 57 -61 . DOI: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.01.11
Zong-liang XU, Cheng-jian LI, Xian QIAN, Hu DUAN, Jin ZHOU, Qian-qian ZHANG, Xin DONG, Liang ZHAO. Determination of nirmatrelvir and ritonavir in human plasma by HPLC-MS/MS method[J]. Chinese Journal of New Drugs and Clinical Remedies, 2024 , 43 (1) : 57 -61 . DOI: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.01.11
新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)由SARS-CoV-2病毒引起,自爆发以来已经在全球范围内造成了严重的公共卫生问题[1]。Paxlovid是由辉瑞公司开发的奈玛特韦(nirmatrelvir)片剂(150 mg)和利托那韦(ritonavir)片剂(100 mg)的复合包装药物,是首批COVID-19的口服抗病毒药物之一[2]。在Paxlovid的临床用药患者中,多为伴有多种慢性疾病的老年人,肝、肾功能可能改变。奈玛特韦主要通过肾脏清除,利托那韦则通过肝脏代谢[3,4],且奈玛特韦和利托那韦的药动学参数如药物清除率及表观分布容积均具有较大变异性,用药个体差异大;此外,患者大多存在其他药物的长期用药史,由于奈玛特韦的相关研究较少,在与其他药物联用时可能出现药物相互作用,而奈玛特韦浓度过高引起的中毒反应与自身疾病状态难以区别,因此需要针对此类人群开展治疗药物浓度监测(TMD)来调整患者给药剂量并制定个体化给药方案。
目前,已存在奈玛特韦和利托那韦在健康受试者血浆中的浓度测定方法[5-8],然而鲜有COVID-19患者体内TMD的报道。由于疾病状态与健康状态差异较大,本研究拟建立人血浆中奈玛特韦与利托那韦的定量方法,用于COVID-19患者奈玛特韦的TMD。
奈玛特韦对照品(纯度≥99.9%,上海阿拉丁生化科技公司,批号:C2215602),利托那韦对照品(纯度为99.8%,上海阿拉丁生化科技公司,批号:101498-202001),瑞德西韦对照品(纯度为98%,阿达玛斯试剂有限公司,批号:011110119)。乙腈(色谱纯,SIGMA公司),甲酸(分析纯, SIGMA公司)。
Agilent 1260 Infinity液相色谱仪、Agilent 6460K三重四级杆质谱仪(Agilent Technologies);LEGEND MICRO 17R低温高速离心机(Thermo scientific);VORTEX-5旋涡混合器(Kylin-bell);ME55梅特勒托十万分之一电子天平(梅特勒托利多)。
Aglient InfinityLab Poroshell 120 EC-C18色谱柱(150 mm×2.1 mm, 2.7 µm),0.1%甲酸水-乙腈(40∶60)流动相,流速0.3 mL·min-1,柱温40 ℃,进样量2 µL,运行时间4 min。
采用AJS ESI正离子化,离子源参数:干燥气温度300 ℃、干燥气流速12 L·min-1、雾化器压力45 psi、鞘气温度325 ℃、鞘气流速12 L·min-1、毛细管电压4 000 V、喷嘴电压500 V。用于定量分析的离子通道分别为m/z 500 →110(奈玛特韦),m/z 721.2→296.3(利托那韦),m/z 614.4→421(内标瑞德西韦)
精密称取奈玛特韦、利托那韦、瑞德西韦对照品适量,分别用乙腈配制得浓度为10.00 mg·mL-1的储备液,于-20 ℃储存。用适量乙腈稀释内标储备液,得到浓度为8 µg·mL-1的内标工作溶液,于-20 ℃储存。
取血浆样品100 µL于1.5 mL离心管中,加入内标工作溶液5 µL、乙腈溶液395 µL作为提取溶剂,涡旋60 s,4 ℃条件下13 000×g离心5 min,取上清液100 µL加入1.5 mL离心管中,再加入50%乙腈水溶液900 µL混匀,取100 µL于进样瓶,放入自动进样器中进样分析。
分别取6份来自不同健康人的血浆,从每份空白血浆取100 µL,其中3份作为空白血浆样品不加入待测样品溶液,并在前述前处理方法中用乙腈5 µL代替内标溶液进行前处理,前处理完成后进样检测;另外3份加入奈玛特韦、利托那韦对照品工作溶液配成含药血浆样品,按前述方法前处理后,进样检测。取临床患者口服Paxlovid后的血浆样品,按前述方法前处理后,进样分析。
稀释储备溶液得到浓度梯度为0.40、2.00、4.00、20.00、40.00、200.00、400.00 µg·mL-1的奈玛特韦乙腈溶液,浓度梯度为0.40、0.80、4.00、8.00、40.00、80.00 µg·mL-1的利托那韦乙腈溶液,同时取奈玛特韦与利托那韦工作溶液各25 µL加入到血浆1 mL中,得到同时含有奈玛特韦与利托那韦的标准曲线溶液。标准曲线溶液中,奈玛特韦的浓度为0.010、0.050、0.01、0.50、1.00、5.00、10.00 µg·mL-1,利托那韦的浓度为0.010、0.020、0.10、0.20、1.00、2.00 µg·mL-1,平行操作5份,血浆样品前处理后进样分析。
稀释储备溶液加入到血浆中分别得到奈玛特韦浓度为10.010、0.030、0.80、8.00 µg·mL-1,利托那韦浓度为0.010、0.030、0.16、1.60 µg·mL-1的质控样品,每个浓度平行制备5份,血浆样品前处理后进样测定,记录峰面积,以测得值/真实值×100%计算日内准确度,以测量值的相对标准差计算日内精密度,连续测定3 d,考察日间精密度和准确度。
分别取6份来自不同健康人的血浆,制备低、中、高三种浓度的质控样品,将其待测物的峰面积作为Set1;取空白人血浆先用乙腈作为沉淀剂处理后,取上清液按前述前处理方法操作,使之浓度与Set1的待测理论浓度一致,其待测物峰面积为Set2;将利托那韦和奈玛特韦标准溶液用乙腈稀释,使之与Set1待测理论浓度一致,其待测物峰面积作为Set3,内标物同法操作。基质效应的计算为Set2/Set3,提取回收率的计算为Set1/Set2。
制备低、高两种浓度质控样品,进行前处理之后进样测定,分别考察含药血浆样品室温放置8 h、-80 ℃ 3次冻融循环、样品前处理后自动进样器4 ℃放置24 h,以及血浆样品-80 ℃储存30 d的稳定性。平行测定5份,计算精密度与准确度。
取奈玛特韦和利托那韦的储备液,配制奈玛特韦浓度为20.0 µg·mL-1,利托那韦浓度为6.0 µg·mL-1的血浆样品,并用空白血浆分别稀释奈玛特韦浓度为10.0、4.0、2.0 µg·mL-1,利托那韦浓度为3.0、1.2、0.6 µg·mL-1,即稀释2、5、10倍,每个浓度平行配制5份,血浆样品前处理后进样测定。
奈玛特韦、利托那韦保留时间分别为2.1、3.3 min左右,内标瑞德西韦保留时间为1.3 min左右。结果表明,空白血浆中内源性物质对于奈玛特韦、利托那韦以及内标的测定均无干扰。见图1
以奈玛特韦与利托那韦的标准曲线浓度为横坐标,奈玛特韦与利托那韦的峰面积与内标的峰面积比值为纵坐标,用加权最小二乘法(权重为1/x2)进行回归运算,绘制标准曲线,奈玛特韦的线性回归方程为Y=0.000 457X-0.000 561(r=0.995),定量限为10.00 ng·mL-1,在10.00~10 000.00 ng·mL-1范围内线性良好;利托那韦的线性回归方程为Y=0.000 787X+0.001 46(r=0.991),定量限为10.00 ng·mL-1,在10.00~2 000.00 ng·mL-1范围内线性良好。
在四个浓度中,奈玛特韦、利托那韦质控样品的准确度相对误差(RE)分别在86.89%~101.47%、88.83%~106.53%范围内,质控样品的日内、日间相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于15%,说明精密度与准确度良好,见表1
奈玛特韦与利托那韦在低、中、高三个浓度下内标归一化的基质效应因子均小于15%,说明样品测定不受基质影响。在低、中、高三个浓度下,奈玛特韦的提取回收率为79.56%~89.91%,利托那韦的提取回收率为82.03%~89.56%,见表2
含药血浆样品室温放置8 h、-80 ℃ 3次冻融循环、样品前处理后自动进样器4 ℃放置24 h以及血浆样品-80 ℃储存30 d四种条件下稳定性均良好,见表3
奈玛特韦的准确度RE在91.02%~95.68%;利托那韦准确度RE在97.23%~101.05%,两者的RSD均小于15%,符合检测要求。
采用本研究建立的方法检测了34例COVID-19患者体内奈玛特韦和利托那韦的血药浓度,患者年龄为(77±15)岁(31~96岁),其中31例(91%)为60岁以上的老年患者,27例(79%)有高血压病史,24例(70%)有糖尿病史。所有患者每日2次口服Paxlovid,在第2日上午抽血测量血药浓度作为稳态血药浓度,患者的奈玛特韦浓度为(5.28±3.79)µg·mL-1(1.04~18.0 µg·mL-1),利托那韦浓度为(0.70±0.76)µg·mL-1(0.022~2.85 µg·mL-1)。以健康受试者单次给药的奈玛特韦血药浓度峰值cmax(2.62 µg·mL-1[9]作为参考浓度,有8例(24%)患者奈玛特韦血药浓度低于cmax;26例(76%)患者奈玛特韦血药浓度高于cmax,其中20例(59%)患者奈玛特韦血药浓度高于1.5倍cmax。一名肾功能不全同时伴有高血压和2型糖尿病的92岁老年男性患者的血药浓度监测,在每日2次口服奈玛特韦300 mg、利托那韦150 mg后测得稳态奈玛特韦血药浓度为18 µg·mL-1,超过5倍cmax,经临床药师建议停药1 d,第2日改为每日2次口服奈玛特韦150 mg、利托那韦150 mg,测得稳态奈玛特韦血药浓度为2.65 µg·mL-1,在可接受范围内,避免因药物浓度过高造成的不良事件。
在前处理蛋白沉淀剂的选择中,本课题组前期考察了乙腈、甲醇、50%乙腈、50%甲醇四种蛋白沉淀剂,在使用乙腈作为蛋白沉淀剂时,待测物质的响应更高,峰型更好,因此选择乙腈作为蛋白沉淀剂。在检测中,奈玛特韦的保留时间相对较短,出峰比较快,生物样本的基质效应对结果测定产生影响,并且由于临床样本中药物浓度较高,可能影响质谱离子化,导致离子化不完全,因此选择使用50%乙腈水溶液对样品进行10倍稀释,降低生物样本的基质效应,避免高浓度样本影响离子化。
奈玛特韦是Paxlovid主要起效成分,主要对SARS-CoV-2的3CLpro靶点发挥作用。利托那韦作为细胞色素P450(CYP)3A4的抑制剂,可减缓奈玛特韦的代谢并增加其在血清中的含量[1011]。在本方法应用于COVID-19患者的Paxlovid监测中,患者的奈玛特韦血药浓度相比于已有的药动学数据[9]差距较大,有76%的患者奈玛特韦血药浓度高于健康受试者单次给药的cmax,这可能与患者多为老年人(91%)有关。随着年龄的增加,人体内脂肪增加,体内总水分减少,表观分布容积减少[1213],可能是导致血药浓度偏高的原因之一。已有多篇文献报道,在年龄平均为75岁的受试者群体中,肝脏的药物清除率平均下降20%~25%[14,15],CYP3A4的活性大约下降44%[16,17]。并且老年人群体中多发的高血压和慢性心脏病会导致肾脏功能受损[18]。Paxlovid中的奈玛特韦主要通过肝脏中的CYP3A4代谢,经肾脏排泄[19],而老年人群体多存在肝肾功能受损,导致奈玛特韦的代谢排泄过程受到影响,可能是血药浓度偏高的另一原因。目前针对老年人群体的临床用药指导尚缺乏[20,21],并且老年人群体的个体差异较大[22],需要根据实际血药浓度进行给药量的调整。
综上,本研究所建立的HPLC-MS/MS法快速、灵敏、稳定,可实现同时对奈玛特韦和利托那韦的定量测定,能应用于COVID-19患者服用Paxlovid后的血药浓度监测,及时对临床用药进行调整以避免不良反应的发生。
  • 上海市宝山区卫生健康委优青(育才)计划(BSWSYC-2023-14)
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doi: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.01.11
  • 接收时间:2023-04-07
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-01-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-04-07
  • 录用日期:2023-10-31
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上海市宝山区卫生健康委优青(育才)计划(BSWSYC-2023-14)
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    1.上海大学医学院,上海 200444
    2.上海市宝山区罗店医院 药剂科,上海 201908

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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