Article(id=1241022582124762017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, issueId=1241022576185634950, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.09.08, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1701705600000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-05, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1714320000000, acceptedDateStr=2024-04-29, onlineDate=1773812440662, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1727193600000, pubDateStr=2024-09-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773812440662, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773812440662, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773812440662, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241022576185634950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, year='2024', volume='43', issue='9', pageStart='641', pageEnd='720', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773812439247, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773813972032, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241029005206417725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, issueId=1241022576185634950, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241029005206417726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, issueId=1241022576185634950, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=676, endPage=680, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241022582397391793, articleId=1241022582124762017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, language=EN, title=Application of different doses of ciprofol in general anesthesia induction in elderly patients, columnId=1207314218647392369, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of New Drugs and Clinical Remedies, columnName=Original Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

AIM To analyze the effects of different doses of ciprofol on general anesthesia induction in elderly patients, and the influence on hemodynamics during general anesthesia induction. METHODS One hundred and twenty elderly patients undergoing elective surgery were randomly included in ciprofol 0.2 mg·kg-1 group (C0.2 group), ciprofol 0.3 mg·kg-1 group (C0.3 group) and ciprofol 0.4 mg·kg-1 group (C0.4 group), with 40 cases in each group. The corresponding dose of ciprofol was injected intravenously according to the group, and the injection time was 30 s. And all patients induced by rocuronium 0.6 mg·kg-1 and sufentanil 0.5 μg·kg-1 were injected intravenously, followed by ciprofol 0.8-2.4 mg·kg-1·h-1, remifentanil 8-15 μg·kg-1·h-1 was injected intravenously and 1% sevoflurane was inhaled for anesthesia maintenance. The bispectral index (BIS) was maintained 40~60 during the operation. The mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and BIS of the patients were monitored, the success rate of anesthesia induction, the number of cases of remedial sedation and the time of loss of consciousness were recorded, and the occurrence of adverse reactions were observed. RESULTS The MAP, HR and BIS of the three groups immediately after anesthesia induction (T1), 10 s after tracheal intubation (T2) and 3 min after tracheal intubation (T3) were significantly lower than those of the same group at the time of entering the operating room (P<0.05), and the MAP and HR of T1-T3 in the C0.4 group were significantly lower than those in the C0.2 group and C0.3 groups (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in MAP and HR of T1-T3 between the C0.3 group and C0.2 group (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in the success rate of anesthesia induction among the three groups (P>0.05). The rate of remedial sedation in the C0.2 group was significantly higher than that in the C0.3 group and C0.4 group (P<0.05), and the time of consciousness loss was significantly longer than that in the C0.3 group and C0.4 group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in rate of remedial sedation and consciousness loss time between the C0.3 group and C0.4 group (P>0.05). The incidence of hypotension and bradycardia in the C0.4 group was significantly higher than that in the C0.2 group and C0.3 group (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the incidence of hypotension and bradycardia between the C0.3 group and C0.2 group (P>0.05). CONCLUSION Ciprofol 0.3 mg·kg-1 has good safety and efficacy for general anesthesia induction in elderly patients.

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目的 分析不同剂量环泊酚用于老年患者的全身麻醉诱导效果,以及对患者血流动力学的影响。方法 将择期手术的120例老年患者随机纳入环泊酚0.2 mg·kg-1组(C0.2组)、环泊酚0.3 mg·kg-1组(C0.3组)和环泊酚0.4 mg·kg-1组(C0.4组),每组40例。依照分组情况静脉注射环泊酚对应剂量,注射时间30 s,并静脉注射罗库溴铵0.6 mg·kg-1、舒芬太尼0.5 μg·kg-1诱导,后给予环泊酚0.8~2.4 mg·kg-1·h-1、瑞芬太尼8~15 μg·kg-1·h-1静脉泵注,1%七氟烷吸入麻醉维持,术中维持脑电双频指数(BIS)在40~60。监测患者平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)和BIS,记录麻醉诱导成功率、补救镇静例数和意识消失时间,观察不良反应发生情况。结果 3组麻醉诱导后即刻(T1)、气管插管后10 s(T2)、气管插管后3 min(T3)的MAP、HR、BIS均显著低于同组入室时水平(P<0.05),C0.4组T1~T3的MAP、HR显著低于C0.2组和C0.3组(P<0.05),C0.3组与C0.2组T1~T3的MAP、HR比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。3组麻醉诱导成功率比较无显著差异(P>0.05),C0.2组补救镇静率显著高于C0.3组和C0.4组(P<0.05),意识消失时间显著长于C0.3组和C0.4组(P<0.05);C0.3组与C0.4组的补救镇静率、意识消失时间比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。C0.4组低血压、心动过缓发生率显著高于C0.2组和C0.3组(P<0.05),C0.3组与C0.2组的低血压、心动过缓发生率比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论 环泊酚0.3 mg·kg-1用于老年患者全身麻醉诱导具有良好的安全性和有效性。

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侯雪琦,E-mail:
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徐勇,男,主治医师,硕士,主要从事临床麻醉的研究,E-mail:

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徐勇,男,主治医师,硕士,主要从事临床麻醉的研究,E-mail:

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J Chin Anesthesiol, 2023, 39(7): 705-708., articleTitle=Comparison of sedative effect of ciprofol and propofol in elder patients undergoing fibrocolonoscopy treatment, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241029124857328201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241022582124762017, awardId=2022GGB012, language=CN, fundingSource=2022年福建省卫生健康科技计划项目(2022GGB012), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241029120512029099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241022582124762017, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241029120524612011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241022582124762017, companyId=1241029120512029099, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen FUJIAN 361001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241029120553972140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241022582124762017, companyId=1241029120512029099, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=厦门大学附属中山医院 麻醉科,福建 厦门 361001)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241029124165268011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241022582124762017, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标C0.2
n=40)
C0.3
n=40)
C0.4
n=39)
年龄/岁72.7±5.972.0±5.473.1±6.1
性别/例232225
171814
体重指数/kg·m-223.4±3.323.1±2.723.0±2.8
ASA分级/例Ⅰ~Ⅱ级252225
Ⅲ级151814
手术类型/例(%)
腹部外科16(40)13(32)15(38)
泌尿外科14(35)11(28)15(38)
骨科10(25)16(40)9(24)
), ArticleFig(id=1241029124257542703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241022582124762017, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

3组一般资料比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标C0.2
n=40)
C0.3
n=40)
C0.4
n=39)
年龄/岁72.7±5.972.0±5.473.1±6.1
性别/例232225
171814
体重指数/kg·m-223.4±3.323.1±2.723.0±2.8
ASA分级/例Ⅰ~Ⅱ级252225
Ⅲ级151814
手术类型/例(%)
腹部外科16(40)13(32)15(38)
泌尿外科14(35)11(28)15(38)
骨科10(25)16(40)9(24)
), ArticleFig(id=1241029124345623093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241022582124762017, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别时间MAP/mmHgHR/次·min-1BIS
C0.2n=40)T0100.4±10.377.9±6.892.6±2.1
T184.7±8.6b71.7±8.0b47.4±4.0b
T287.4±9.7b73.5±7.4b46.2±4.6b
T387.5±8.5b72.2±7.3b46.9±4.2b
C0.3n=40)T0101.1±11.4d76.8±7.7d92.8±2.1d
T181.8±9.9bd68.1±7.5bd47.7±3.7bd
T283.3±8.4bd70.9±7.5bd45.9±4.1bd
T385.6±8.7bd70.3±6.6bd46.4±3.9bd
C0.4n=39)T0101.3±10.8d77.0±7.4d93.1±2.4d
T173.3±9.2beh62.2±6.3beh47.2±4.2bdg
T274.4±10.2beh64.8±7.0beh45.2±4.5bdg
T380.7±9.6beh65.7±7.8beh45.8±4.4bdg
), ArticleFig(id=1241029124450480696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241022582124762017, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

3组患者各时点MAP、HR比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别时间MAP/mmHgHR/次·min-1BIS
C0.2n=40)T0100.4±10.377.9±6.892.6±2.1
T184.7±8.6b71.7±8.0b47.4±4.0b
T287.4±9.7b73.5±7.4b46.2±4.6b
T387.5±8.5b72.2±7.3b46.9±4.2b
C0.3n=40)T0101.1±11.4d76.8±7.7d92.8±2.1d
T181.8±9.9bd68.1±7.5bd47.7±3.7bd
T283.3±8.4bd70.9±7.5bd45.9±4.1bd
T385.6±8.7bd70.3±6.6bd46.4±3.9bd
C0.4n=39)T0101.3±10.8d77.0±7.4d93.1±2.4d
T173.3±9.2beh62.2±6.3beh47.2±4.2bdg
T274.4±10.2beh64.8±7.0beh45.2±4.5bdg
T380.7±9.6beh65.7±7.8beh45.8±4.4bdg
), ArticleFig(id=1241029124546949693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241022582124762017, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标C0.2组(n=40)C0.3组(n=40)C0.4组(n=39)
低血压5(12)8(20)a17(44)ad
心动过缓4(10)5(12)a12(31)be
心动过速3(8)1(2)a1(3)ad
注射痛1(2)1(2)a4(10)ad
), ArticleFig(id=1241029124630835777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241022582124762017, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

3组不良反应发生情况比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标C0.2组(n=40)C0.3组(n=40)C0.4组(n=39)
低血压5(12)8(20)a17(44)ad
心动过缓4(10)5(12)a12(31)be
心动过速3(8)1(2)a1(3)ad
注射痛1(2)1(2)a4(10)ad
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不同剂量环泊酚在老年患者全身麻醉诱导中的应用
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徐勇 , 郭建联 , 刘杰 , 侯雪琦
中国新药与临床杂志 | 论著 2024,43(9): 676-680
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中国新药与临床杂志 | 论著 2024, 43(9): 676-680
不同剂量环泊酚在老年患者全身麻醉诱导中的应用
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徐勇 , 郭建联, 刘杰, 侯雪琦
作者信息
  • 厦门大学附属中山医院 麻醉科,福建 厦门 361001
  • 徐勇,男,主治医师,硕士,主要从事临床麻醉的研究,E-mail:

通讯作者:

侯雪琦,E-mail:
Application of different doses of ciprofol in general anesthesia induction in elderly patients
Yong XU , Jian-lian GUO, Jie LIU, Xue-qi HOU
Affiliations
  • Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen FUJIAN 361001, China
出版时间: 2024-09-25 doi: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.09.08
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目的 分析不同剂量环泊酚用于老年患者的全身麻醉诱导效果,以及对患者血流动力学的影响。方法 将择期手术的120例老年患者随机纳入环泊酚0.2 mg·kg-1组(C0.2组)、环泊酚0.3 mg·kg-1组(C0.3组)和环泊酚0.4 mg·kg-1组(C0.4组),每组40例。依照分组情况静脉注射环泊酚对应剂量,注射时间30 s,并静脉注射罗库溴铵0.6 mg·kg-1、舒芬太尼0.5 μg·kg-1诱导,后给予环泊酚0.8~2.4 mg·kg-1·h-1、瑞芬太尼8~15 μg·kg-1·h-1静脉泵注,1%七氟烷吸入麻醉维持,术中维持脑电双频指数(BIS)在40~60。监测患者平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)和BIS,记录麻醉诱导成功率、补救镇静例数和意识消失时间,观察不良反应发生情况。结果 3组麻醉诱导后即刻(T1)、气管插管后10 s(T2)、气管插管后3 min(T3)的MAP、HR、BIS均显著低于同组入室时水平(P<0.05),C0.4组T1~T3的MAP、HR显著低于C0.2组和C0.3组(P<0.05),C0.3组与C0.2组T1~T3的MAP、HR比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。3组麻醉诱导成功率比较无显著差异(P>0.05),C0.2组补救镇静率显著高于C0.3组和C0.4组(P<0.05),意识消失时间显著长于C0.3组和C0.4组(P<0.05);C0.3组与C0.4组的补救镇静率、意识消失时间比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。C0.4组低血压、心动过缓发生率显著高于C0.2组和C0.3组(P<0.05),C0.3组与C0.2组的低血压、心动过缓发生率比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论 环泊酚0.3 mg·kg-1用于老年患者全身麻醉诱导具有良好的安全性和有效性。

环泊酚  /  麻醉,全身  /  血流动力学  /  老年人

AIM To analyze the effects of different doses of ciprofol on general anesthesia induction in elderly patients, and the influence on hemodynamics during general anesthesia induction. METHODS One hundred and twenty elderly patients undergoing elective surgery were randomly included in ciprofol 0.2 mg·kg-1 group (C0.2 group), ciprofol 0.3 mg·kg-1 group (C0.3 group) and ciprofol 0.4 mg·kg-1 group (C0.4 group), with 40 cases in each group. The corresponding dose of ciprofol was injected intravenously according to the group, and the injection time was 30 s. And all patients induced by rocuronium 0.6 mg·kg-1 and sufentanil 0.5 μg·kg-1 were injected intravenously, followed by ciprofol 0.8-2.4 mg·kg-1·h-1, remifentanil 8-15 μg·kg-1·h-1 was injected intravenously and 1% sevoflurane was inhaled for anesthesia maintenance. The bispectral index (BIS) was maintained 40~60 during the operation. The mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and BIS of the patients were monitored, the success rate of anesthesia induction, the number of cases of remedial sedation and the time of loss of consciousness were recorded, and the occurrence of adverse reactions were observed. RESULTS The MAP, HR and BIS of the three groups immediately after anesthesia induction (T1), 10 s after tracheal intubation (T2) and 3 min after tracheal intubation (T3) were significantly lower than those of the same group at the time of entering the operating room (P<0.05), and the MAP and HR of T1-T3 in the C0.4 group were significantly lower than those in the C0.2 group and C0.3 groups (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in MAP and HR of T1-T3 between the C0.3 group and C0.2 group (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in the success rate of anesthesia induction among the three groups (P>0.05). The rate of remedial sedation in the C0.2 group was significantly higher than that in the C0.3 group and C0.4 group (P<0.05), and the time of consciousness loss was significantly longer than that in the C0.3 group and C0.4 group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in rate of remedial sedation and consciousness loss time between the C0.3 group and C0.4 group (P>0.05). The incidence of hypotension and bradycardia in the C0.4 group was significantly higher than that in the C0.2 group and C0.3 group (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the incidence of hypotension and bradycardia between the C0.3 group and C0.2 group (P>0.05). CONCLUSION Ciprofol 0.3 mg·kg-1 has good safety and efficacy for general anesthesia induction in elderly patients.

ciprofol  /  anesthesia, general  /  hemodynamics  /  aged
徐勇, 郭建联, 刘杰, 侯雪琦. 不同剂量环泊酚在老年患者全身麻醉诱导中的应用. 中国新药与临床杂志, 2024 , 43 (9) : 676 -680 . DOI: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.09.08
Yong XU, Jian-lian GUO, Jie LIU, Xue-qi HOU. Application of different doses of ciprofol in general anesthesia induction in elderly patients[J]. Chinese Journal of New Drugs and Clinical Remedies, 2024 , 43 (9) : 676 -680 . DOI: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.09.08
老年患者常合并高血压、糖尿病等基础疾病,对麻醉、手术刺激耐受力较差,麻醉诱导过程中会出现严重血流动力学波动,重者可能出现脑卒中等心脑血管意外,甚至增高死亡率[1,2]。环泊酚(ciprofol)是一种新型静脉麻醉药,具有起效快、注射痛轻微等优点[3]。与丙泊酚相比,环泊酚与γ-氨基丁酸受体结合更强,因此麻醉效果更加明显[4]。环泊酚已被批准用于内镜手术、重症监护室(ICU)镇静、全身麻醉(全麻)诱导和维持,其在成年患者中麻醉诱导效果优于丙泊酚,且不良反应发生率更低[5,6]。值得注意的是,老年患者血流动力学更易受药物剂量影响,常规剂量的环泊酚可能增加老年患者不良反应发生率[7]。目前,环泊酚在老年群体的用药经验较少,尽管从较低剂量开始谨慎缓慢给药可以降低环泊酚对血流动力学的影响,但同时也会增加诱导失败的风险。因此,确定环泊酚用于老年患者麻醉诱导的最佳剂量,对保证老年患者麻醉诱导的有效性和安全性至关重要。本研究分析不同剂量环泊酚用于老年患者的全麻诱导效果,及对诱导期间血流动力学的影响,以期为环泊酚用于老年患者麻醉诱导最佳剂量的确定提供参考。
纳入2023年3月至9月拟于本院行择期手术的老年患者。纳入标准:年龄65~80岁,ASA分级Ⅰ~Ⅲ级,体重指数(BMI)18.5~27.9 kg·m-2,于全麻下择期行腹部外科手术、泌尿外科手术、骨科手术。排除标准:患充血性心力衰竭或慢性阻塞性肺疾病等严重心、肺功能障碍,合并严重肝、肾功能异常,对牛奶、豆制品过敏或其他麻醉药物过敏,合并精神类疾病,合并阿尔茨海默病,合并酒精或药物依赖。剔除标准:入室后血流动力学波动较大而暂停手术,临时更改麻醉方式。研究经本院伦理委员会审核通过(ZSYY-2023028),所有患者均同意参加并签署知情同意书。共纳入患者120例,使用SPSS 26.0软件绘制随机数字,将患者按随机数字分入环泊酚0.2 mg·kg-1组(C0.2组)、环泊酚0.3 mg·kg-1组(C0.3组)和环泊酚0.4 mg·kg-1组(C0.4组),每组40例。
患者入室后开放一侧上肢静脉通路,静脉滴注乳酸林格液10 mL·kg-1·h-1。面罩通气进行预充氧(氧浓度100%,氧流量10 L·min-1),监测患者心电图、心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、脉搏氧饱和度(SpO2)及脑电双频指数(BIS)。依照分组情况静脉注射相应剂量的环泊酚(辽宁海思科制药有限公司,批号:20220511),注射时间30 s,并静脉注射舒芬太尼0.5 μg·kg-1、罗库溴铵0.6 mg·kg-1,待睫毛反射消失、下颌完全松弛后行经口明视下气管内插管。麻醉诱导期间若BIS > 60,追加环泊酚0.1 mg·kg-1进行补救镇静,给药时间10 s,再次补救镇静需间隔2 min,直至BIS稳定在60以下。调整呼吸参数维持呼气末二氧化碳分压在35~45 mmHg。静脉泵注环泊酚0.8~2.4 mg·kg-1·h-1,瑞芬太尼8 ~ 15 μg·kg-1·h-1,吸入1%七氟烷麻醉维持,术中维持BIS在40 ~ 60。手术结束后送麻醉恢复室(PACU)观察。
记录患者入室时(T0)、麻醉诱导后即刻(T1)、气管插管后10 s(T2)、气管插管后3 min(T3)的MAP和HR,以及麻醉诱导期间低血压、心动过缓、心动过速、注射痛等不良反应的发生情况。低血压定义为血压下降幅度超过20%基线水平,高血压定义为血压升高幅度超过20%基线水平。心动过缓定义为HR低于50次·min-1,心动过速定义为HR高于100次·min-1。于环泊酚注射期间询问是否存在注射部位疼痛并观察肢体反应。记录麻醉诱导成功率、补救镇静例数和患者意识消失时间。麻醉诱导成功定义为麻醉诱导期间BIS≤60(最多给予2次补救镇静),意识消失时间为从环泊酚注射开始至改良警觉/镇静(MOAA/S)评分≤1分所需时间。
采用PASS 11.0软件进行样本量估算,以麻醉诱导期间低血压作为主要观察指标,预试验每组各纳入10例患者,结果显示C0.2组、C0.3组、C0.4组低血压发生率分别为10%、30%、50%,检验效能α=0.05,1-β=0.9,预计20%脱落率,拟纳入患者120例,每组40例。采用SPSS 26.0软件对数据进行分析。计量资料先采用Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验进行正态性检验,若数据符合正态分布则以均数±标准差表示,比较采用方差分析;若不符合正态分布则以中位数(M)和四分位数间距(IQR)表示,比较采用Kruskal-Wallis检验。计数资料以频数(n)和率(%)表示,比较采用χ2检验,若计数资料四格表中超过20%格子理论频数<5或者任何一格理论频数<1则采用Fisher确切概率检验。P<0.05为差异有显著意义。
C0.4组1例患者入室后经评估决定修改麻醉方式,予以剔除,最终共纳入119例患者。3组患者年龄、性别、BMI、ASA分级、手术类型比较,差异均无显著意义(P>0.05),见表1
3组T1~T3的MAP、HR、BIS均低于同组T0水平,差异有显著意义(P<0.05)。3组各观察时点BIS比较均无显著差异(P>0.05)。3组T0的MAP、HR的比较无显著差异(P>0.05),C0.4组T1~T3的MAP、HR显著低于C0.2组和C0.3组(P<0.05),C0.2组和C0.3组T1~T3的MAP、HR比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。见表2
C0.2组、C0.3组、C0.4组麻醉诱导成功率分别为98%(39/40)、100%(40/40)、100%(39/39),3组间比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。C0.2组补救镇静率(20%,8/40)高于C0.3组(5%,2/40)和C0.4组(3%,1/40),差异有显著意义(P<0.05),C0.3组与C0.4组比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。C0.2组、C0.3组、C0.4组意识消失时间分别为(45.5±6.2)、(31.7±5.9)、(28.6±5.5)s,C0.3组和C0.4组意识消失时间显著短于C0.2组(P<0.05),C0.3组与C0.4组比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。
C0.4组低血压、心动过缓发生率显著高于C0.2组和C0.3组(P<0.05),C0.2组和C0.3组低血压、心动过缓发生率比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。3组心动过速、注射痛发生率比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。见表3
老年患者心脏储备较差,常伴有多种慢性疾病,围手术期的各种刺激可导致患者血流动力学剧烈波动,在麻醉诱导过程中可引发低血压、心动过缓和心律失常等不良心血管事件[8]。气管插管是全麻诱导过程中最强的刺激,其刺激强度与手术切皮类似,引起的应激反应可使血压、HR和心肌耗氧量升高。为降低气管插管对患者的不利影响,需要保证充分的麻醉效果。尽管使用常规推荐剂量的麻醉药物能够保证麻醉效果,但对老年患者而言还是伴随着血流动力学剧烈波动的风险。因此,为保证老年患者麻醉的质量和安全,应该为老年患者制定个性化的麻醉诱导方案,重点是确保血流动力学的稳定性。
理想状态下,术中应保持适当的麻醉深度,同时尽量减少麻醉药物对患者生理功能的影响。BIS是临床应用最广泛的麻醉深度指标,其准确性得到广泛认可[9]。BIS可以实时动态反映大脑皮质功能状态,为气管插管时机的选择提供有效参考[10]。本研究将麻醉诱导期间BIS≤60(最多给予2次补救镇静)作为麻醉诱导成功的标准,结果显示仅C0.2组有1例患者麻醉诱导不成功,提示环泊酚作为老年患者麻醉诱导药物具有良好的有效性。值得注意的是,C0.2组有8例患者接受补救镇静,说明环泊酚0.2 mg·kg-1无法提供足够的麻醉深度,而C0.3组、C0.4组仅分别有2例、1例患者需要补救镇静,说明环泊酚0.3、0.4 mg·kg-1均能保证麻醉诱导效果。另外,C0.3组和C0.4组的意识消失时间无显著差异,进一步说明环泊酚0.3 mg·kg-1能够保证麻醉诱导效果。WANG等[11]对比了环泊酚和丙泊酚对BIS的影响,结果显示使用环泊酚的患者BIS下降幅度明显大于使用丙泊酚者,提示环泊酚的麻醉作用更强。CHEN等[12]的研究中,环泊酚组与丙泊酚组诱导成功率、睫毛反射消失时间、气管插管时间等均无显著差异,提示环泊酚与丙泊酚的麻醉效果相当。
本研究中输注环泊酚后,3组患者HR和MAP均呈现下降趋势,其中C0.4组患者的HR和MAP在输注环泊酚后各时点均显著低于C0.2组和C0.3组,且C0.4组低血压、心动过缓发生率均显著高于C0.2组和C0.3组,提示环泊酚0.4 mg·kg-1对血流动力学影响较大。CHEN等[13]比较了环泊酚与丙泊酚在无痛胃镜中的应用效果,结果显示环泊酚组头晕、呃逆、呼吸暂停等不良反应发生率明显低于丙泊酚组,且环泊酚对血流动力学影响更小。WU等[14]研究比较了环泊酚-瑞芬太尼与丙泊酚-瑞芬太尼在纤维支气管镜检查中的应用效果,结果同样显示环泊酚-瑞芬太尼组患者血流动力学更稳定。徐明等[15]发现,在老年患者纤维结肠镜治疗中,给予环泊酚(0.4 mg·kg-1麻醉诱导,1~1.5 mg·kg-1·h-1麻醉维持)较丙泊酚(2 mg·kg-1麻醉诱导,4~6 mg·kg-1·h-1麻醉维持)对血流动力学影响小,但患者低血压发生率仍高达38.4%,与本研究C0.4组低血压发生率(44%)相近。本研究中C0.3组低血压、心动过缓发生率显著低于C0.4组,提示环泊酚0.3 mg·kg-1在安全性方面优于0.4 mg·kg-1
综上所述,环泊酚0.3 mg·kg-1用于老年患者全麻诱导具有良好的安全性和有效性。但本研究未设立丙泊酚对照,未能对比环泊酚和丙泊酚对老年患者血流动力学的影响程度。此外,本研究仅纳入BMI<27.9 kg·m-2、ASA分级Ⅰ~Ⅲ级的患者,且未纳入心胸外科手术、神经外科手术的患者,环泊酚在肥胖、合并严重系统性疾病患者中应用的安全性待进一步验证,对于需要实施心、肺、脑部手术的患者而言,环泊酚的具体用药剂量仍需后续研究加以确认。
  • 2022年福建省卫生健康科技计划项目(2022GGB012)
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2024年第43卷第9期
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doi: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.09.08
  • 接收时间:2023-12-05
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2024-09-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-05
  • 录用日期:2024-04-29
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2022年福建省卫生健康科技计划项目(2022GGB012)
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    厦门大学附属中山医院 麻醉科,福建 厦门 361001

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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