Article(id=1241022580426076389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, issueId=1241022576185634950, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.09.11, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1681056000000, receivedDateStr=2023-04-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1722960000000, acceptedDateStr=2024-08-07, onlineDate=1773812440258, onlineDateStr=2026-03-18, pubDate=1727193600000, pubDateStr=2024-09-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773812440258, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773812440258, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773812440258, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241022576185634950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, year='2024', volume='43', issue='9', pageStart='641', pageEnd='720', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773812439247, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773813972032, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241029005206417725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, issueId=1241022576185634950, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241029005206417726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, issueId=1241022576185634950, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=691, endPage=695, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241022580753232119, articleId=1241022580426076389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, language=EN, title=Study on efficacy of combined use of sodium oligomannate on psychological and behavioral symptoms in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease, columnId=1207314218647392369, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of New Drugs and Clinical Remedies, columnName=Original Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

AIM To investigate the efficacy of combined use of sodium oligomannate on psychological and behavioral symptoms in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease (AD). METHODS Mild to moderate AD patients with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) who visited the outpatient department and inpatient department of our hospital from January 2021 to June 2022 were randomly divided into two groups. The control group was orally administered with donepezil at an initial dose of 5 mg·d-1, which increased to 10 mg·d-1 after 4 weeks. On the basis of taking donepezil, the study group combined the use of sodium oligomannate, 450 mg each time, twice a day. The two groups were all treated for 8 weeks. The mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI) were assessed and compared between the two groups at baseline and after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The general linear model was used to analyze the effect of combined use of sodium oligomannate on the improvement of NPI scores after the 8-week treatment. RESULTS Finally, 60 patients completed the clinical study, with 30 in each group. The total score of NPI in two groups was significantly decreased compared with baseline after 4 weeks and 8 weeks of treatment (P<0.05), and the decrease was more significant in the study group with significant difference between groups (P<0.05). Compared with the baseline, the scores of apathy, depression, anxiety, and irritability in the study group were significantly decreased at the end of 4 weeks (P<0.05), and agitation and delusion scores were also significantly decreased at the end of 8 weeks (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the study group showed a more significant decrease in depression, anxiety, agitation, irritability, and appetite scores compared to baseline after 4 weeks of treatment (P<0.05), and a more significant decrease in emotional apathy score after 8 weeks of treatment (P<0.05). The MMSE scores of the two groups were significantly higher than those of the baseline at the end of 4 and 8 weeks (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION Combined use of sodium oligomannate can not only improve the cognitive function of AD patients, but also improve their BPSD, especially emotional problems such as anxiety, depression, agitation, and irritability, without obvious adverse reactions.

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目的 探讨联用甘露特钠对轻中度阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者精神行为症状的疗效。方法 选取2021年1月至2022年6月本院门诊及住院部就诊的伴痴呆的行为精神症状(BPSD)的轻中度AD患者,随机分为2组。对照组口服多奈哌齐,初始剂量5 mg·d-1,4周后增加为10 mg·d-1;研究组在多奈哌齐的基础上联合使用甘露特钠,每次450 mg,每日2次,共治疗8周。在基线和治疗4周、8周后进行简易智力状态检查量表(MMSE)、神经精神问卷(NPI)测评和比较,采用一般线性模型分析联用甘露特钠治疗8周对NPI评分改善的影响。结果 最终有60例患者完成研究,研究组和对照组各30例。治疗4周、8周末,2组NPI总分均较基线显著下降(P<0.05),且研究组较基线下降更显著,组间比较有显著差异(P <0.05)。与基线相比,研究组在治疗4周末,NPI中情感淡漠、抑郁、焦虑、易激惹评分显著下降(P<0.05),在治疗8周末激越、妄想评分亦显著下降(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,研究组在治疗4周末抑郁、焦虑、激越、易激惹、食欲评分较基线下降更显著(P<0.05),在治疗8周末情感淡漠评分的下降亦更显著(P<0.05)。2组MMSE总分在4周末及8周末均显著高于基线(P<0.05)。2组不良反应发生率无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论 联用甘露特钠不仅能够改善AD患者的认知功能,也可以改善BPSD,特别是焦虑、抑郁、激越、易激惹等情绪问题,且无明显不良反应。

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张滢,E-mail:
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魏红辉,男,主治医师,硕士,主要从事阿尔茨海默病性痴呆的研究,E-mail:

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魏红辉,男,主治医师,硕士,主要从事阿尔茨海默病性痴呆的研究,E-mail:

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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241022580426076389, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=痴呆的行为精神症状)], refs=[Reference(id=1241029122516898017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241022580426076389, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=27, issue=4, pageStart=1210, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=MA C, HONG FF, YANG SL, journalName=Molecules, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MA C, HONG FF, YANG SL. 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Efficacy of donepezil combined with sodium oligomannate in treatment of patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease[J]. Chin J New Drugs Clin Rem, 2022, 41(7): 412-417., articleTitle=Efficacy of donepezil combined with sodium oligomannate in treatment of patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241029124379169077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241022580426076389, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=37, issue=7, pageStart=1025, pageEnd=1038, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=21, authorNames=JIA JJ, XU J, LIU J, journalName=Neurosci Bull, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JIA JJ, XU J, LIU J, et al. Comprehensive management of daily living activities, behavioral and psychological symptoms, and cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer’s disease: a Chinese consensus on the comprehensive management of Alzheimer’s disease[J]. Neurosci Bull, 2021, 37(7): 1025-1038., articleTitle=Comprehensive management of daily living activities, behavioral and psychological symptoms, and cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer’s disease: a Chinese consensus on the comprehensive management of Alzheimer’s disease, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241029117844443184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241022580426076389, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241029117848637488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241022580426076389, companyId=1241029117844443184, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province/Zhejiang Mental Health Center, Hanghzou ZHEJIANG 310000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241029117857026097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241022580426076389, companyId=1241029117844443184, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=浙江省立同德医院/浙江省精神卫生中心,浙江 杭州 310000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241029120113561776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241022580426076389, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标对照组研究组
年龄/岁75.3±5.375.7±4.7
病程/月40.5±15.737.2±12.6
性别/例(%)
13(43)12(40)
17(57)18(60)
文化程度/例(%)
文盲3(10)3(10)
小学4(13)5(17)
初中及以上23(77)22(73)
MMSE总分/分16.80±5.1217.80±5.05
NPI总分/分48.90±10.0949.47±11.83
), ArticleFig(id=1241029120180670645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241022580426076389, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2组一般资料比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标对照组研究组
年龄/岁75.3±5.375.7±4.7
病程/月40.5±15.737.2±12.6
性别/例(%)
13(43)12(40)
17(57)18(60)
文化程度/例(%)
文盲3(10)3(10)
小学4(13)5(17)
初中及以上23(77)22(73)
MMSE总分/分16.80±5.1217.80±5.05
NPI总分/分48.90±10.0949.47±11.83
), ArticleFig(id=1241029120289722554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241022580426076389, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别基线总分治疗4周末治疗8周末
总分差值总分差值
对照48.90±10.0943.67±6.97-5.23±5.41b41.43±6.67-7.47±8.02b
研究49.47±11.83d35.70±8.97-13.77±5.67be30.40±7.12-19.07±6.92be
), ArticleFig(id=1241029120356831421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241022580426076389, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

2组不同时点神经精神问卷总分比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别基线总分治疗4周末治疗8周末
总分差值总分差值
对照48.90±10.0943.67±6.97-5.23±5.41b41.43±6.67-7.47±8.02b
研究49.47±11.83d35.70±8.97-13.77±5.67be30.40±7.12-19.07±6.92be
), ArticleFig(id=1241029120432328900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241022580426076389, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目对照组
基线治疗4周末差值治疗8周末差值
妄想5.43±2.474.87±1.76-0.57±1.41a4.53±1.36-0.90±1.54a
幻觉3.67±3.013.30±2.35-0.37±1.52a2.73±2.05-0.93±1.46a
激越5.53±2.275.67±1.060.13±2.09a5.80±1.220.27±2.39a
抑郁6.87±1.636.60±1.40-0.27±1.14a6.73±1.44-0.13±2.28a
焦虑3.47±0.973.13±0.68-0.33±0.75a3.20±0.81-0.27±0.64a
情感高涨0.07±0.370.17±0.460.10±0.31a0.27±0.520.20±0.40a
情感淡漠6.47±3.714.17±2.63-2.30±2.33b3.83±2.44-2.63±4.13b
脱抑制1.00±1.460.83±1.23-0.17±0.53a0.73±1.05-0.27±0.58a
易激惹5.73±3.436.13±1.660.40±2.25a5.93±1.700.20±3.94a
异常的行为4.07±3.433.23±2.21-0.83±1.86a2.80±1.85-1.27±2.36a
睡眠行为4.07±3.433.33±2.32-0.73±1.78a2.93±1.96-1.13±2.21a
食欲2.53±3.602.13±2.73-0.40±1.10a1.80±2.12-0.73±1.78a
项目研究组
基线治疗4周末差值治疗8周末差值
妄想5.60±1.945.07±1.72-0.53±0.86ad4.53±1.55-1.06±1.14bd
幻觉3.83±3.403.17±2.89-0.67±0.96ad2.83±2.59-1.00±1.36ad
激越5.20±2.864.27±1.93-0.93±1.39ae3.83±1.64-1.37±1.80be
抑郁7.00±1.153.80±1.42-3.20±1.00be2.87±1.17-4.13±1.25be
焦虑4.03±1.671.70±1.34-2.33±0.80be1.37±1.22-2.67±1.02be
情感高涨0.23±0.570.27±0.580.03±0.32ad0.30±0.600.07±0.44ad
情感淡漠5.00±3.753.07±2.61-1.93±1.59bd2.33±1.75-2.67±2.35be
脱抑制1.03±1.690.93±1.72-0.10±0.31ad0.70±1.15-0.33±0.93ad
易激惹5.93±2.954.43±2.16-1.50±1.31be3.90±1.79-2.03±1.67be
异常的行为4.20±3.663.50±2.84-0.70±1.34ad3.03±2.04-1.17±1.94ad
睡眠行为4.20±3.663.43±2.86-0.77±1.33ad2.97±2.06-1.23±1.92ad
食欲3.20±3.742.20±2.76-1.00±1.17ae1.67±1.92-1.53±2.09ae
), ArticleFig(id=1241029120549769417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241022580426076389, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

2组不同时点神经精神问卷各条目分比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目对照组
基线治疗4周末差值治疗8周末差值
妄想5.43±2.474.87±1.76-0.57±1.41a4.53±1.36-0.90±1.54a
幻觉3.67±3.013.30±2.35-0.37±1.52a2.73±2.05-0.93±1.46a
激越5.53±2.275.67±1.060.13±2.09a5.80±1.220.27±2.39a
抑郁6.87±1.636.60±1.40-0.27±1.14a6.73±1.44-0.13±2.28a
焦虑3.47±0.973.13±0.68-0.33±0.75a3.20±0.81-0.27±0.64a
情感高涨0.07±0.370.17±0.460.10±0.31a0.27±0.520.20±0.40a
情感淡漠6.47±3.714.17±2.63-2.30±2.33b3.83±2.44-2.63±4.13b
脱抑制1.00±1.460.83±1.23-0.17±0.53a0.73±1.05-0.27±0.58a
易激惹5.73±3.436.13±1.660.40±2.25a5.93±1.700.20±3.94a
异常的行为4.07±3.433.23±2.21-0.83±1.86a2.80±1.85-1.27±2.36a
睡眠行为4.07±3.433.33±2.32-0.73±1.78a2.93±1.96-1.13±2.21a
食欲2.53±3.602.13±2.73-0.40±1.10a1.80±2.12-0.73±1.78a
项目研究组
基线治疗4周末差值治疗8周末差值
妄想5.60±1.945.07±1.72-0.53±0.86ad4.53±1.55-1.06±1.14bd
幻觉3.83±3.403.17±2.89-0.67±0.96ad2.83±2.59-1.00±1.36ad
激越5.20±2.864.27±1.93-0.93±1.39ae3.83±1.64-1.37±1.80be
抑郁7.00±1.153.80±1.42-3.20±1.00be2.87±1.17-4.13±1.25be
焦虑4.03±1.671.70±1.34-2.33±0.80be1.37±1.22-2.67±1.02be
情感高涨0.23±0.570.27±0.580.03±0.32ad0.30±0.600.07±0.44ad
情感淡漠5.00±3.753.07±2.61-1.93±1.59bd2.33±1.75-2.67±2.35be
脱抑制1.03±1.690.93±1.72-0.10±0.31ad0.70±1.15-0.33±0.93ad
易激惹5.93±2.954.43±2.16-1.50±1.31be3.90±1.79-2.03±1.67be
异常的行为4.20±3.663.50±2.84-0.70±1.34ad3.03±2.04-1.17±1.94ad
睡眠行为4.20±3.663.43±2.86-0.77±1.33ad2.97±2.06-1.23±1.92ad
食欲3.20±3.742.20±2.76-1.00±1.17ae1.67±1.92-1.53±2.09ae
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Ⅲ型平方和FP偏eta方
病程2.240.100.750.00
基线NPI总分1 999.5889.870.000.62
是否联用甘露特钠1 869.5884.030.000.60
), ArticleFig(id=1241029120734318801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241022580426076389, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

一般线性模型对联用甘露特钠治疗8周末神经精神问卷(NPI)总分改善的效应分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Ⅲ型平方和FP偏eta方
病程2.240.100.750.00
基线NPI总分1 999.5889.870.000.62
是否联用甘露特钠1 869.5884.030.000.60
), ArticleFig(id=1241029122235879640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241022580426076389, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别基线治疗4周末治疗8周末
对照16.80±5.1219.63±5.24b20.20±5.29b
研究17.80±5.05d20.70±5.42bd21.40±5.45bd
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2组简易智力状态检查量表总分比较

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组别基线治疗4周末治疗8周末
对照16.80±5.1219.63±5.24b20.20±5.29b
研究17.80±5.05d20.70±5.42bd21.40±5.45bd
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联用甘露特钠对轻中度阿尔茨海默病患者精神行为症状的疗效研究
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魏红辉 , 孙宁宁 , 王越 , 李洋 , 张滢
中国新药与临床杂志 | 论著 2024,43(9): 691-695
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中国新药与临床杂志 | 论著 2024, 43(9): 691-695
联用甘露特钠对轻中度阿尔茨海默病患者精神行为症状的疗效研究
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魏红辉 , 孙宁宁, 王越, 李洋, 张滢
作者信息
  • 浙江省立同德医院/浙江省精神卫生中心,浙江 杭州 310000
  • 魏红辉,男,主治医师,硕士,主要从事阿尔茨海默病性痴呆的研究,E-mail:

通讯作者:

张滢,E-mail:
Study on efficacy of combined use of sodium oligomannate on psychological and behavioral symptoms in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease
Hong-hui WEI , Ning-ning SUN, Yue WANG, Yang LI, Ying ZHANG
Affiliations
  • Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province/Zhejiang Mental Health Center, Hanghzou ZHEJIANG 310000, China
出版时间: 2024-09-25 doi: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.09.11
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目的 探讨联用甘露特钠对轻中度阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者精神行为症状的疗效。方法 选取2021年1月至2022年6月本院门诊及住院部就诊的伴痴呆的行为精神症状(BPSD)的轻中度AD患者,随机分为2组。对照组口服多奈哌齐,初始剂量5 mg·d-1,4周后增加为10 mg·d-1;研究组在多奈哌齐的基础上联合使用甘露特钠,每次450 mg,每日2次,共治疗8周。在基线和治疗4周、8周后进行简易智力状态检查量表(MMSE)、神经精神问卷(NPI)测评和比较,采用一般线性模型分析联用甘露特钠治疗8周对NPI评分改善的影响。结果 最终有60例患者完成研究,研究组和对照组各30例。治疗4周、8周末,2组NPI总分均较基线显著下降(P<0.05),且研究组较基线下降更显著,组间比较有显著差异(P <0.05)。与基线相比,研究组在治疗4周末,NPI中情感淡漠、抑郁、焦虑、易激惹评分显著下降(P<0.05),在治疗8周末激越、妄想评分亦显著下降(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,研究组在治疗4周末抑郁、焦虑、激越、易激惹、食欲评分较基线下降更显著(P<0.05),在治疗8周末情感淡漠评分的下降亦更显著(P<0.05)。2组MMSE总分在4周末及8周末均显著高于基线(P<0.05)。2组不良反应发生率无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论 联用甘露特钠不仅能够改善AD患者的认知功能,也可以改善BPSD,特别是焦虑、抑郁、激越、易激惹等情绪问题,且无明显不良反应。

甘露特钠  /  阿尔茨海默病  /  痴呆  /  痴呆的行为精神症状

AIM To investigate the efficacy of combined use of sodium oligomannate on psychological and behavioral symptoms in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease (AD). METHODS Mild to moderate AD patients with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) who visited the outpatient department and inpatient department of our hospital from January 2021 to June 2022 were randomly divided into two groups. The control group was orally administered with donepezil at an initial dose of 5 mg·d-1, which increased to 10 mg·d-1 after 4 weeks. On the basis of taking donepezil, the study group combined the use of sodium oligomannate, 450 mg each time, twice a day. The two groups were all treated for 8 weeks. The mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI) were assessed and compared between the two groups at baseline and after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The general linear model was used to analyze the effect of combined use of sodium oligomannate on the improvement of NPI scores after the 8-week treatment. RESULTS Finally, 60 patients completed the clinical study, with 30 in each group. The total score of NPI in two groups was significantly decreased compared with baseline after 4 weeks and 8 weeks of treatment (P<0.05), and the decrease was more significant in the study group with significant difference between groups (P<0.05). Compared with the baseline, the scores of apathy, depression, anxiety, and irritability in the study group were significantly decreased at the end of 4 weeks (P<0.05), and agitation and delusion scores were also significantly decreased at the end of 8 weeks (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the study group showed a more significant decrease in depression, anxiety, agitation, irritability, and appetite scores compared to baseline after 4 weeks of treatment (P<0.05), and a more significant decrease in emotional apathy score after 8 weeks of treatment (P<0.05). The MMSE scores of the two groups were significantly higher than those of the baseline at the end of 4 and 8 weeks (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION Combined use of sodium oligomannate can not only improve the cognitive function of AD patients, but also improve their BPSD, especially emotional problems such as anxiety, depression, agitation, and irritability, without obvious adverse reactions.

sodium oligomannate  /  Alzheimer’s disease  /  dementia  /  behavioral and psychological symptom of dementia
魏红辉, 孙宁宁, 王越, 李洋, 张滢. 联用甘露特钠对轻中度阿尔茨海默病患者精神行为症状的疗效研究. 中国新药与临床杂志, 2024 , 43 (9) : 691 -695 . DOI: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.09.11
Hong-hui WEI, Ning-ning SUN, Yue WANG, Yang LI, Ying ZHANG. Study on efficacy of combined use of sodium oligomannate on psychological and behavioral symptoms in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease[J]. Chinese Journal of New Drugs and Clinical Remedies, 2024 , 43 (9) : 691 -695 . DOI: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.09.11
阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)是一种中枢神经系统原发退行性变性疾病[1]。世界卫生组织(WHO)估计全球65岁以上老年人群AD的患病率为4%~7%,我国60岁以上AD患病率为3.9%[2]。AD患者不仅认知功能减退,且伴痴呆的行为精神症状(behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia,BPSD),如焦虑、抑郁、淡漠、易激惹、幻觉、妄想等,有研究发现BPSD总体发生率高达约90%[3]。AD患者出现BPSD,是导致功能障碍和照顾者负担增加的重要因素[4],也可导致较差的预后和认知能力加速衰退[5]。尽管BPSD的发生频率和严重程度很高,但目前还没有明确的药物治疗方案。因非典型抗精神病药可增加患者过度镇静、锥体外系反应、认知损害及心脑血管疾病发生率和异常死亡率等不良结局[6],为此美国食品和药物管理局对非典型抗精神病药物用于治疗AD患者BPSD时,提出黑框警告[7],临床亟需一种安全有效的BPSD治疗方案。有研究显示多奈哌齐、美金刚等促智药对AD患者的BPSD有一定疗效[8,9]。甘露特钠作为一种新型的促智药,其对BPSD的疗效研究罕有报道,本研究尝试探讨联用甘露特钠对AD患者BPSD的疗效,为其临床治疗提供参考依据。
选取2021年1月至2022年6月在本院门诊及住院部就诊的伴BPSD的轻中度AD患者作为研究对象。入组标准:(1)满足ICD-10 AD的诊断标准;(2)简易智力状态检查量表(MMSE)总分≥11分,文盲≤19分,小学≤22分,初中及以上≤26分;(3)头颅核磁共振成像(MRI)显示内侧颞叶萎缩视觉评定量表≥2级;(4)年龄≥65岁;(5)神经精神问卷(NPI)评分≥1分。排除标准:(1)精神分裂症、抑郁症、双相障碍等其他精神障碍;(2)血管性痴呆、额颞叶痴呆、路易小体痴呆等其他痴呆;(3)过敏体质和对多种药物过敏者;(4)近3个月内参加其他临床试验的患者;(5)患其他重大躯体疾病,如严重肝肾功能障碍、心力衰竭、肺部感染等。所有患者均获本人或家属知情同意,且经浙江省立同德医院伦理委员会审查同意。
符合入组标准的患者在双盲情况下按随机数字表法随机进入对照组和研究组,对照组采用盐酸多奈哌齐片[卫材(中国)药业有限公司,批准文号:国药准字H20050978,规格为每片5 mg ]治疗,初始治疗剂量5 mg·d-1,4周后增加为10 mg·d-1;研究组患者在多奈哌齐的基础上联合使用甘露特钠胶囊(上海绿谷制药有限公司,批准文号:国药准字H20190031,规格为每粒150 mg)治疗,每次450 mg,每日2次。研究组和对照组均治疗8周。
采用MMSE和NPI在治疗前和治疗第4周、8周末分别对2组患者的认知功能和精神行为症状进行评估。MMSE:该量表是标准化智力状态检查工具之一,包括时间定向、地点定向、即刻记忆、注意力及计算力、延迟记忆、命名、语言能力、视空间能力等方面,其作为认知功能的评估,最高分为30分,得分越低,痴呆越严重。NPI:该量表用于评估AD患者的精神行为症状,包括妄想、幻觉、激越、抑郁、焦虑、情感高涨、情感淡漠、脱抑制、易激惹、运动行为异常、睡眠、食欲12个方面,患者评估分值最高144分,护理者苦恼评分值最高60分,得分越高,精神行为症状越重,对照料者造成的苦恼程度越重。由经统一培训的专业人员进行量表测评,测评过程中采用统一指导语,记录和比较2组基线和治疗第4周、8周末MMSE总分、NPI总分及12个条目分。
运用SPSS 26.0统计软件对所获数据进行统计分析。计量资料用均数±标准差()表示,组间比较采用独立样本t检验,组内比较采用配对样本t检验;计数资料采用卡方检验。采用一般线性模型分析联用甘露特钠治疗8周对NPI评分改善的影响。P<0.05被认为差异具有显著意义。
本研究共纳入70例患者,其中对照组34例,研究组36例。在治疗过程中,对照组有3例失访,有1例因病情恶化严重退出;研究组有3例失访,有2例家属认为无效自行停用,有1例因病情恶化严重退出。最终有60例患者完成临床观察研究,研究组和对照组各30例。2组基线资料比较无显著差异,具有可比性,见表1
2组患者基线NPI总分组间比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。治疗4周、8周末,2组NPI总分均较基线显著下降(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,研究组治疗4周、8周末NPI总分较基线下降更显著,组间比较有显著差异(P<0.05)。见表2
与基线相比,对照组在治疗4周、8周末情感淡漠评分显著下降(P<0.05);研究组在治疗4周末情感淡漠、抑郁、焦虑、易激惹评分显著下降(P<0.05),在治疗8周末激越、妄想评分亦显著下降(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,研究组在治疗4周末抑郁、焦虑、激越、易激惹、食欲评分较基线下降更显著(P<0.05),在8周末情感淡漠评分的下降亦更显著(P<0.05)。见表3
采用一般线性模型,将病程和基线NPI总分作为协变量、是否联用甘露特钠作为固定因子,探讨甘露特钠对治疗8周末NPI总分改善的影响,结果发现联用甘露特钠与病程无交互作用(P>0.05),与基线NPI总分存在交互作用(P<0.05),联用甘露特钠能显著影响NPI评分的改善值(P<0.05),见表4
与基线相比,2组MMSE量表总分在治疗4周末及8周末均显著升高(P<0.05);与对照组相比,研究组MMSE量表总分在治疗4周末及8周末有高于对照组的趋势,但差异无显著意义(P>0.05),见表5
研究组出现呕吐1例、腹泻1例、食欲差1例,不良反应发生率为10%;对照组出现恶心1例、头晕1例,不良反应发生率为7%。2组不良反应发生率无显著差异(P>0.05)。以上病例用药均改为缓慢加量,多奈哌齐改为2.5 mg·d-1,后逐步缓慢加量至10 mg·d-1;甘露特钠改为每次150 mg,每日2次,逐步缓慢加量至每次450 mg,每日2次。患者不良反应减轻,完成随访。
AD患者的BPSD贯穿病程轻度、中度和重度的不同阶段,近90%的AD患者在病程中至少会经历一项精神行为症状[10]。AD患者出现BPSD,会增加照料者的心理压力[11],也与较高的死亡率相关,是患者住院的主要原因[12,13]。目前临床上虽不能逆转AD认知减退的病程,但针对AD患者BPSD的治疗,可以减少患者出现自伤、伤人的风险,降低照料者及家属的心理和经济负担。
本研究显示,AD患者联合甘露特钠治疗,较单用多奈哌齐治疗,对BPSD改善更明显。以往研究报道单用多奈哌齐对AD患者淡漠症状有一定改善作用[14],本研究发现,在多奈哌齐基础上联合使用甘露特钠,除对淡漠症状改善外,对AD患者焦虑、抑郁、激越、易激惹等情绪问题亦有一定程度改善。分析原因,可能与甘露特钠可改善患者的肠道菌群及神经炎症反应有关。临床研究表明,焦虑抑郁患者肠道菌群与健康对照者存在显著差异[15],同时越来越多的研究结果支持抑郁症存在神经炎症的特征性改变[16],主要表现为小胶质细胞激活,可伴有星形胶质细胞激活、趋化因子水平改变等。目前研究提示,调节肠道菌群或神经炎症反应在改善情绪方面发挥重要作用[17,18],而甘露特钠在动物模型中可降低肠道菌群外周相关代谢产物的积聚,减轻脑内神经炎症[19],进而可能起到改善AD患者情绪相关的精神行为症状。
另外,本研究表明,单用多奈哌齐或联用甘露特钠对AD认知症状均具有改善作用,2组MMSE总分在4周、8周末均有不同程度好转,且联合甘露特钠组的改善有更显著的趋势,组间无显著差异可能与本研究的观察时间较短有关。本研究最长观察时间为8周,既往研究显示,长期服用甘露特钠在治疗3个月、6个月末认知功能的改善优于对照组[20]。有研究报告AD患者的精神行为症状和认知功能亦有一定相关性[21],提示随着认知功能改善,患者的BPSD亦相应好转,这也部分解释了联用甘露特钠组AD患者妄想、激越等精神行为症状也相应改善。
综上所述,多奈哌齐联合甘露特钠不仅改善AD患者的认知功能,也可以改善患者的BPSD,特别是焦虑、抑郁、激越、易激惹等情绪问题,这为今后AD精神行为症状的治疗提供了一定的参考依据。但本研究样本量较小,观察时间短,今后需扩大样本量,增加观察时间,还可增加神经生化指标进一步验证并探讨其机制。
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2024年第43卷第9期
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doi: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.09.11
  • 接收时间:2023-04-10
  • 首发时间:2026-03-18
  • 出版时间:2024-09-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-04-10
  • 录用日期:2024-08-07
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    浙江省立同德医院/浙江省精神卫生中心,浙江 杭州 310000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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