Article(id=1240710437424124078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, issueId=1240710432898478399, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.10.10, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1679500800000, receivedDateStr=2023-03-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1724688000000, acceptedDateStr=2024-08-27, onlineDate=1773738019567, onlineDateStr=2026-03-17, pubDate=1729785600000, pubDateStr=2024-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773738019567, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-17, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773738019567, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773738019567, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1240710432898478399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, year='2024', volume='43', issue='10', pageStart='721', pageEnd='800', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773738018488, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773738214158, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1240711253669237259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, issueId=1240710432898478399, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1240711253669237260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, issueId=1240710432898478399, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=784, endPage=789, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1240710437713531059, articleId=1240710437424124078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, language=EN, title=Protective effect of cordycepin on osteoarthritis in rats, columnId=1207314218647392369, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of New Drugs and Clinical Remedies, columnName=Original Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
AIM

To investigate the effects of cordycepin on cartilage repair, serum inflammatory factors and oxidative stress in rats with osteoarthritis.

METHODS

Forty-five rats were randomly divided into control group, model group and low-,medium-, and high-dose cordycepin groups (10, 20, and 50 mg·kg·d-1 by gavage) . The knee osteoarthritis model has been established using Hulth method. One week after modeling, rats in each group were administered the corresponding doses of cordycepin by gavage for 28 days. HE staining and Alcian blue staining were used to observe and compare the cartilage morphology of each group. MicroCT was used to detect and calculate the bone volume fraction, bone area fraction, trabecular bone thickness and trabecular bone number. The expression of cartilage matrix protein was detected by Western blot. The contents of interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 and IL-10 in serum of rats were determined by ELISA. The levels of oxidative stress markers in serum were detected by the kits.

RESULTS

Compared with the control group, cartilage tissue were showed significant pathological damage in the model group, bone volume fraction and bone area fraction were increased, and trabecular thickness and number were decreased (P<0.05); the protein expression levels of sex determining region Y-frame protein 9 (SOX-9), aggrecan, and collagenⅡ were decreased (P<0.05); the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1 in serum were increased, SOD and GSH activity were decreased, and MDA content was increased (all P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the pathological damage of knee cartilage tissue were significantly alleviated in the medium- and high-dose cordycepin groups, the bone volume fraction and bone area fraction were decreased, and trabecular thickness and number were increased ( P<0.05); the protein expression levels of SOX-9, aggrecan, and collagen Ⅱ were increased (P<0.05); serum IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1 contents were decreased, IL-10 content was increased, MDA content was decreased, and SOD and GSH activity were increased (all P<0.05), showing a dose-dependent trend.

CONCLUSION

Cordycepin can reduce cartilage damage in rats with osteoarthritis by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress.

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目的

探讨虫草素对大鼠骨关节炎软骨修复、血清炎症因子和氧化应激的影响。

方法

45只SD大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组和虫草素低、中、高剂量(10、20、50 mg·kg·d-1)组,采用Hulth法建立大鼠膝关节骨关节炎模型,于造模1周后,灌胃给予对应剂量的虫草素,持续28 d。HE染色和阿利新蓝染色观察比较各组软骨形态组织学;微计算机断层扫描技术检测并计算骨体积分数、骨面积分数、骨小梁厚度、骨小梁数目;Western blot法检测软骨基质蛋白的表达;ELISA法检测大鼠血清白细胞介素(IL)-6、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、单核细胞趋化蛋白(MCP)-1和IL-10含量;比色法检测血清中氧化应激标志物的水平。

结果

与对照组相比,模型组软骨组织明显病理损伤,骨体积分数和骨面积分数增大,骨小梁厚度、骨小梁数目减小(P<0.05);性别决定区Y框蛋白9(SOX-9)、蛋白聚糖(aggrecan)、Ⅱ型胶原蛋白(collagen Ⅱ)表达水平降低(P<0.05);血清中IL-6、TNF-α和MCP-1水平升高,SOD和GSH活性降低,MDA含量升高(均P<0.05)。与模型组相比,虫草素中、高剂量组膝关节软骨组织病理变化显著改善,骨体积分数和骨面积分数显著减小,骨小梁厚度、骨小梁数目增大,SOX-9、aggrecan、collagen Ⅱ蛋白表达水平升高,血清IL-6、TNF-α、MCP-1含量降低,IL-10含量升高,MDA含量显著降低,SOD和GSH活性升高(均P<0.05),呈剂量依赖趋势。

结论

虫草素可通过降低炎症和氧化应激减轻大鼠骨关节炎软骨损伤。

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曹利红
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任伟亮,男,副主任医师,硕士,主要从事骨与关节疾病的研究,E-mail:

曹利红,女,主治医师,硕士,主要从事中医内科的研究,E-mail:

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曹利红,女,主治医师,硕士,主要从事中医内科的研究,E-mail:

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A:HE染色, B:阿利新蓝染色,1:对照组,2:模型组,3:虫草素低剂量组,4:虫草素中剂量组,5:虫草素高剂量组

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1:对照组,2:模型组,3:虫草素低剂量组,4:虫草素中剂量组,5:虫草素高剂量组

, figureFileSmall=1D7OwX7Q0T2aGCto4kGm3A==, figureFileBig=Sm+Yi10p3S0E63Zodz4n8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240719595124871812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1240710437424124078, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别骨体积分数/%骨面积分数/%骨小梁厚度/mm骨小梁数目/个·mm-1
对照0.22±0.0257.8±8.840.04±0.016.24±0.48
模型6.24±0.48b69.2±7.50b0.02±0.00b0.02±0.00b
虫草素低剂量0.22±0.03d67.9±9.32d0.03±0.02d3.35±0.41d
虫草素中剂量0.20±0.03e62.0±5.90e0.03±0.01e4.87±0.32e
虫草素高剂量0.12±0.02e58.2±6.90e0.04±0.01e5.91±0.27e
), ArticleFig(id=1240719595233923720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1240710437424124078, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各组软骨组织形态计量学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别骨体积分数/%骨面积分数/%骨小梁厚度/mm骨小梁数目/个·mm-1
对照0.22±0.0257.8±8.840.04±0.016.24±0.48
模型6.24±0.48b69.2±7.50b0.02±0.00b0.02±0.00b
虫草素低剂量0.22±0.03d67.9±9.32d0.03±0.02d3.35±0.41d
虫草素中剂量0.20±0.03e62.0±5.90e0.03±0.01e4.87±0.32e
虫草素高剂量0.12±0.02e58.2±6.90e0.04±0.01e5.91±0.27e
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组别SOX-9aggrecancollagen Ⅱ
对照0.53±0.060.38±0.070.79±0.09
模型0.02±0.01b0.04±0.02b0.01±0.00b
虫草素低剂量0.03±0.01d0.05±0.02d0.04±0.01d
虫草素中剂量0.14±0.03e0.19±0.05e0.14±0.04e
虫草素高剂量0.42±0.06e0.45±0.05e0.65±0.07e
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各组SOX-9、aggrecan和collagenⅡ蛋白表达水平

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组别SOX-9aggrecancollagen Ⅱ
对照0.53±0.060.38±0.070.79±0.09
模型0.02±0.01b0.04±0.02b0.01±0.00b
虫草素低剂量0.03±0.01d0.05±0.02d0.04±0.01d
虫草素中剂量0.14±0.03e0.19±0.05e0.14±0.04e
虫草素高剂量0.42±0.06e0.45±0.05e0.65±0.07e
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组别IL-6TNF-αMCP-1IL-10
对照21.14±4.2127.44±9.2925.47±5.662.14±0.32
模型95.02±9.18b176.84±8.36b129.12±17.58b2.96±0.28a
虫草素低剂量92.08±10.43d168.33±10.21d125.66±15.32d3.02±0.17d
虫草素中剂量58.11±7.32e113.26±16.74e84.33±10.91e5.97±0.77e
虫草素高剂量37.47±6.81e137.27±19.49e84.55±11.26e9.33±1.26e
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各组白细胞介素(IL)-6、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、单核细胞趋化蛋白(MCP)-1和IL-10含量

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组别IL-6TNF-αMCP-1IL-10
对照21.14±4.2127.44±9.2925.47±5.662.14±0.32
模型95.02±9.18b176.84±8.36b129.12±17.58b2.96±0.28a
虫草素低剂量92.08±10.43d168.33±10.21d125.66±15.32d3.02±0.17d
虫草素中剂量58.11±7.32e113.26±16.74e84.33±10.91e5.97±0.77e
虫草素高剂量37.47±6.81e137.27±19.49e84.55±11.26e9.33±1.26e
), ArticleFig(id=1240719595741434525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1240710437424124078, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别SOD/U·mL-1MDA/mmol·mL-1GSH/U·mL-1
对照5.23±0.421.48±0.4948.86±5.96
模型0.64±0.07b5.09±0.57b22.49±6.03b
虫草素低剂量0.98±0.09d4.94±0.64d24.55±5.27d
虫草素中剂量2.38±0.54e3.18±0.42e33.42±6.13e
虫草素高剂量4.76±0.43e1.91±0.67e43.39±5.04e
), ArticleFig(id=1240719595871457954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1240710437424124078, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

各组超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别SOD/U·mL-1MDA/mmol·mL-1GSH/U·mL-1
对照5.23±0.421.48±0.4948.86±5.96
模型0.64±0.07b5.09±0.57b22.49±6.03b
虫草素低剂量0.98±0.09d4.94±0.64d24.55±5.27d
虫草素中剂量2.38±0.54e3.18±0.42e33.42±6.13e
虫草素高剂量4.76±0.43e1.91±0.67e43.39±5.04e
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虫草素对大鼠骨关节炎的保护作用
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任伟亮 1a , 焦永伟 1a , 张健 1a , 胡志勇 2 , 曹利红 1b
中国新药与临床杂志 | 论著 2024,43(10): 784-789
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中国新药与临床杂志 | 论著 2024, 43(10): 784-789
虫草素对大鼠骨关节炎的保护作用
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任伟亮1a , 焦永伟1a, 张健1a, 胡志勇2, 曹利红1b
作者信息
  • 1.河北省中医院/ 河北中医学院第一附属医院 a.骨伤三科,b.中医科,河北 石家庄 050000
  • 2.河北省沧州中西医结合医院东院区 骨伤三科,河北 沧州 061000
  • 任伟亮,男,副主任医师,硕士,主要从事骨与关节疾病的研究,E-mail:

    曹利红,女,主治医师,硕士,主要从事中医内科的研究,E-mail:

通讯作者:

曹利红
Protective effect of cordycepin on osteoarthritis in rats
Wei-liang REN1a , Yong-wei JIAO1a, Jian ZHANG1a, Zhi-yong HU2, Li-hong CAO1b
Affiliations
  • 1.a. The Third Department of Bone Injury, b. Department of Encephalopathy, Hebei Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine/the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang HEBEI 050000, China
  • 2.the Third Department of Bone Injury, East Hospital of Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Hebei Provice, Cangzhou HEBEI 061000, China
出版时间: 2024-10-25 doi: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.10.10
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目的

探讨虫草素对大鼠骨关节炎软骨修复、血清炎症因子和氧化应激的影响。

方法

45只SD大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组和虫草素低、中、高剂量(10、20、50 mg·kg·d-1)组,采用Hulth法建立大鼠膝关节骨关节炎模型,于造模1周后,灌胃给予对应剂量的虫草素,持续28 d。HE染色和阿利新蓝染色观察比较各组软骨形态组织学;微计算机断层扫描技术检测并计算骨体积分数、骨面积分数、骨小梁厚度、骨小梁数目;Western blot法检测软骨基质蛋白的表达;ELISA法检测大鼠血清白细胞介素(IL)-6、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、单核细胞趋化蛋白(MCP)-1和IL-10含量;比色法检测血清中氧化应激标志物的水平。

结果

与对照组相比,模型组软骨组织明显病理损伤,骨体积分数和骨面积分数增大,骨小梁厚度、骨小梁数目减小(P<0.05);性别决定区Y框蛋白9(SOX-9)、蛋白聚糖(aggrecan)、Ⅱ型胶原蛋白(collagen Ⅱ)表达水平降低(P<0.05);血清中IL-6、TNF-α和MCP-1水平升高,SOD和GSH活性降低,MDA含量升高(均P<0.05)。与模型组相比,虫草素中、高剂量组膝关节软骨组织病理变化显著改善,骨体积分数和骨面积分数显著减小,骨小梁厚度、骨小梁数目增大,SOX-9、aggrecan、collagen Ⅱ蛋白表达水平升高,血清IL-6、TNF-α、MCP-1含量降低,IL-10含量升高,MDA含量显著降低,SOD和GSH活性升高(均P<0.05),呈剂量依赖趋势。

结论

虫草素可通过降低炎症和氧化应激减轻大鼠骨关节炎软骨损伤。

虫草素  /  骨关节炎  /  氧化性应激  /  炎症  /  软骨
AIM

To investigate the effects of cordycepin on cartilage repair, serum inflammatory factors and oxidative stress in rats with osteoarthritis.

METHODS

Forty-five rats were randomly divided into control group, model group and low-,medium-, and high-dose cordycepin groups (10, 20, and 50 mg·kg·d-1 by gavage) . The knee osteoarthritis model has been established using Hulth method. One week after modeling, rats in each group were administered the corresponding doses of cordycepin by gavage for 28 days. HE staining and Alcian blue staining were used to observe and compare the cartilage morphology of each group. MicroCT was used to detect and calculate the bone volume fraction, bone area fraction, trabecular bone thickness and trabecular bone number. The expression of cartilage matrix protein was detected by Western blot. The contents of interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 and IL-10 in serum of rats were determined by ELISA. The levels of oxidative stress markers in serum were detected by the kits.

RESULTS

Compared with the control group, cartilage tissue were showed significant pathological damage in the model group, bone volume fraction and bone area fraction were increased, and trabecular thickness and number were decreased (P<0.05); the protein expression levels of sex determining region Y-frame protein 9 (SOX-9), aggrecan, and collagenⅡ were decreased (P<0.05); the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1 in serum were increased, SOD and GSH activity were decreased, and MDA content was increased (all P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the pathological damage of knee cartilage tissue were significantly alleviated in the medium- and high-dose cordycepin groups, the bone volume fraction and bone area fraction were decreased, and trabecular thickness and number were increased ( P<0.05); the protein expression levels of SOX-9, aggrecan, and collagen Ⅱ were increased (P<0.05); serum IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1 contents were decreased, IL-10 content was increased, MDA content was decreased, and SOD and GSH activity were increased (all P<0.05), showing a dose-dependent trend.

CONCLUSION

Cordycepin can reduce cartilage damage in rats with osteoarthritis by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress.

cordycepin  /  osteoarthritis  /  oxidative stress  /  inflammatory  /  cartilage
任伟亮, 焦永伟, 张健, 胡志勇, 曹利红. 虫草素对大鼠骨关节炎的保护作用. 中国新药与临床杂志, 2024 , 43 (10) : 784 -789 . DOI: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.10.10
Wei-liang REN, Yong-wei JIAO, Jian ZHANG, Zhi-yong HU, Li-hong CAO. Protective effect of cordycepin on osteoarthritis in rats[J]. Chinese Journal of New Drugs and Clinical Remedies, 2024 , 43 (10) : 784 -789 . DOI: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.10.10
骨关节炎是一种慢性致残性退行性关节疾病,涉及关节软骨的破坏、软骨下骨的硬化或腐蚀、骨赘的形成和滑膜的慢性炎症[1]。骨关节炎的特点是发病率和致残率高,药物治疗无效,治疗费用昂贵[2]。因此,了解关节损伤的病理机制,开发新的药物来预防和治疗骨关节炎尤为重要。虫草素(cordycepin)是从虫草中分离的核苷衍生物[3],在虫草素药理作用的各种研究中,发现其具有抗炎[4]、抗血管生成[5]、抗衰老[6]、抗肿瘤[3, 7]等多种特性,这表明虫草素有较高的临床应用价值。一项体外研究发现,虫草素可防止白细胞介素(IL)-1β诱导的骨关节炎原代软骨细胞的软骨失能和炎症反应,提示虫草素可能是预防骨关节炎的潜在候选药物[8]。然而,针对虫草素对骨关节炎的研究鲜有报道。本研究通过建立大鼠骨关节炎模型,探究虫草素对大鼠骨关节炎的保护作用。
虫草素(纯度≥99.0%,美国Sigma公司)。性别决定区Y框蛋白9(SOX-9)、蛋白聚糖(aggrecan)、Ⅱ型胶原蛋白(collagen Ⅱ)小鼠源单克隆抗体、辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)标记的山羊抗小鼠IgG购自英国Abcam公司;RIPA裂解液、BCA蛋白检测试剂盒和ECL发光试剂盒购自上海碧云天公司;IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、单核细胞趋化蛋白(MCP)-1、IL-10 ELISA试剂盒购自上海酶联生物科技有限公司;总超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)试剂盒、丙二醛(MDA)试剂盒、谷胱甘肽(GSH)试剂盒购自南京建成生物工程研究所。Leica DMI3000B倒置生物显微镜(德国徕卡公司),5425R高速低温离心机(德国Eppendorf公司),Synergy H1多功能微孔板检测仪(美国BioTEK),电泳槽、电转仪(北京六一仪器厂),Tanon 5200系列全自动化学发光(上海天能生命科学有限公司),CT100扫描仪(瑞士Scanco Medical公司)。
45只SPF级雄性SD大鼠由河北医科大学提供,鼠龄6~8个月,体重160~240 g,许可证号:SCXK(冀)2020-001。在标准化动物房内饲养,随机分为5组(n=9):对照组,模型组,虫草素低、中、高剂量组。动物实验遵照美国国立卫生研究院的实验动物护理和使用指南,并获得本院伦理委员会的批准(HBZY2022-KY-029-01)。
所有大鼠禁食固体和液体12 h,然后通过腹腔注射2%戊巴比妥(0.2 mL·100 g-1)进行麻醉。对照组大鼠从关节内侧切开,分离肌肉和韧带,露出关节腔,然后缝合切口。模型组和虫草素低、中、高剂量组大鼠采用改良Hulth法[9]制作大鼠膝关节骨关节炎模型。每只大鼠从关节内侧切开,分离肌肉和韧带,露出关节腔;随后,切断内侧副韧带,移除内侧半月板并切除前交叉韧带,对切口进行逐层缝合。每只大鼠在术后连续3 d注射青霉素。造模1周后,虫草素低、中、高剂量组大鼠灌胃给予虫草素10、20、50 mg·kg·d-1,对照组和模型组给予等量蒸馏水,每日1次,持续28 d。最后一次灌胃12 h后处死各组大鼠,解剖取全膝关节,并从腹主动脉采集血样,标记后保存备用。
HE染色:用4%多聚甲醛固定大鼠全膝关节,脱钙,石蜡包埋并进行常规切片,用二甲苯脱蜡,然后用梯度乙醇重新水化,HE染色后在光学显微镜下观察病理变化。
阿利新蓝(Alcian)染色:将软骨组织分离、固定、脱钙和切片,然后将各组样本切片进行阿利新蓝染色。pH 2.5的1%阿利新蓝染液浸染60 min,流水冲洗10 min,在95%乙醇中洗去浮色,流水冲洗后入核固红染液浸染3 min,流水冲洗10 min,用1%盐酸乙醇分化数秒,再流水冲洗返蓝10 min,封片后在显微镜下观察并拍照。
采用微计算机断层扫描技术(microCT)检测。将骨关节软骨标本置于10%福尔马林溶液进行组织固定 48 h后,放入microCT样品杯中固定。在相同条件下,各组标本在高分辨率微型CT扫描仪中用电压60 kV、电流220 μA、曝光时间1 500 ms、有效像素大小8.89 μm条件进行三维显微分析及重建。观察大鼠骨微结构变化,分析骨体积分数、骨面积分数、骨小梁厚度、骨小梁数目等骨组织形态计量学参数[10]
采用Western blot法。将切除的软骨切成薄片,在RIPA缓冲液中4 ℃下保持45 min,然后12 000×g离心10 min使裂解产物中无碎片。采用BCA蛋白检测试剂盒测定上清液中蛋白质的浓度。蛋白质样品(30 μg)在8%~10%十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶上电泳分离,随后转移到PVDF膜上。在室温下用5%脱脂牛奶封闭膜2 h。在4 ℃下用SOX-9( 1:1 000)、aggrecan( 1:1 000)、collagen Ⅱ(1:1 000)以及内参GAPDH( 1:3 000)一抗孵育过夜。然后与HRP标记的二抗室温下孵育1 h,采用ECL发光试剂盒观察蛋白质条带。
采用ELISA法检测。从颈动脉采集大鼠血样,以4 000×g离心25 min,分离上清液,根据ELISA试剂盒说明书操作。
根据试剂盒说明书操作,采用比色法检测血清SOD、GSH活性和MDA含量。
使用Graphpad Prism 6.0分析数据,计量资料以均数±标准差()表示,多组比较采用单因素方差分析,P<0.05为有显著差异。
HE染色显示,对照组大鼠膝关节软骨表面光滑,结构清晰;模型组膝关节软骨层变薄,软骨细胞排列紊乱;虫草素低剂量组与模型组接近;虫草素中、高剂量组膝关节软骨组织病理变化较模型组减轻,见图1A。阿利新蓝染色显示,对照组关节面光滑,软骨层完整排列;模型组的关节缺损表现为软骨层厚度减少,表面区、中间区和桡骨区缺失,缺损处未发现任何修复组织;虫草素低剂量组与模型组接近;虫草素中、高剂量组尽管表面的不规则性变得更加光滑,但软骨缺损处沉积的组织一般呈细胞状,未被摄取,病理学改善均呈剂量依赖趋势,见图1B
与对照组比较,模型组骨体积分数和骨面积分数显著增大(P<0.05),骨小梁厚度、骨小梁数目均显著减小(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,虫草素中、高剂量组骨体积分数和骨面积分数显著减小(P<0.05),骨小梁厚度、骨小梁数目均显著增大(P<0.05),呈剂量依赖趋势。见表1
与对照组比较,模型组SOX-9、aggrecan、collagen Ⅱ蛋白表达水平均显著降低(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,虫草素中、高剂量组SOX-9、aggrecan、collagen Ⅱ蛋白表达水平均显著升高(P<0.05),且呈剂量依赖趋势。见图2表2
与对照组比较,模型组IL-6、TNF-α和MCP-1水平均显著升高(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,虫草素中、高剂量组IL-6、TNF-α、MCP-1水平均显著降低(P<0.05),IL-10水平显著升高(P<0.05),且呈剂量依赖趋势。见表3
与对照组比较,模型组血清中SOD和GSH活性降低,MDA含量升高(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,虫草素中、高剂量组SOD和GSH活性均显著升高(P<0.05),MDA含量均显著降低(P<0.05),且呈剂量依赖趋势。见表4
骨关节炎是一种病因不明的复杂疾病,影响多种不同的关节,是常见的致残性疾病。大量研究发现虫草素在神经炎症、肿瘤、糖尿病、肾病等多种疾病中均有良好的治疗作用[4, 7, 11, 12]。然而,虫草素在骨关节炎中的作用仍不清楚,本研究通过建立大鼠动物模型,研究虫草素对骨关节炎大鼠软骨修复、血清炎症因子和氧自由基的作用。
研究发现膝关节内注射虫草素4至8周可改善骨关节炎小鼠的软骨损伤[13]。本研究病理切片染色结果发现虫草素减缓了骨关节炎大鼠的软骨病理损伤,表明虫草素能促进骨关节炎大鼠软骨的修复。此外,研究还发现虫草素通过增加去卵巢小鼠股骨远端骨密度、骨小梁体积分数、小梁数量,从而防止骨丢失[14]。本研究发现虫草素能明显降低骨面积分数和骨体积分数,增加骨小梁厚度和骨小梁数目,表明虫草素可促进新骨形成,减少骨丢失。以上研究结果表明,虫草素能够减缓骨关节炎大鼠的软骨损伤并促进新骨形成,对骨关节炎具有一定的治疗作用。
SOX-9、aggrecan、collagen Ⅱ是典型的软骨生成标记物,其基因表达增加可以促进生成更健康的细胞外基质[15]。CAO等[16]研究发现在虫草素治疗后,包括SOX-9和collagen Ⅱ在内的软骨生成标记物上调,促进软骨形成。此外,虫草素通过激活自噬诱导aggrecan、collagen Ⅱ上调,从而保护软骨免受降解[17]。本研究发现虫草素处理后,骨关节炎模型大鼠SOX-9、aggrecan、collagen Ⅱ蛋白表达水平均明显升高,表明虫草素能诱导骨关节炎大鼠软骨修复。
炎症反应与炎症因子释放密切相关。当炎症反应产生时,促炎性细胞因子IL-6、TNF-α和MCP-1的表达升高;而IL-10作为抗炎细胞因子,能抑制炎症因子的分泌。研究发现虫草素能抑制脓毒症小鼠血清中TNF-α和MCP-1的释放,并促进IL-10分泌[18]。在骨关节炎的相关研究中发现,虫草素能有效抑制IL-1β刺激的骨关节炎软骨细胞中基质金属蛋白酶-13(MMP-13)和IL-6的表达,表明虫草素可作为软骨细胞的有效抗炎剂[19]。本研究发现,虫草素降低了骨关节炎模型大鼠血清中IL-6、TNF-α、MCP-1的含量,升高了血清中IL-10的含量,表明虫草素在骨关节炎中具有抗炎作用。
MDA是脂质过氧化的重要产物,SOD和GSH在体内起着重要的抗氧化剂的作用,它们的失衡会导致机体氧化应激的发生。之前的研究发现虫草素是一种有效的抗氧化剂[20],虫草素预处理能逆转胸主动脉瘤模型小鼠中GSH和MDA的异常表达[21]。WANG等[22]研究发现,虫草素能提高双酚A致生殖损伤的成年SD大鼠睾丸SOD和GSH的活性,降低血清MDA的含量,表明虫草素可抑制脂质过氧化,起到降低氧化应激的作用。本研究发现,虫草素显著提高骨关节炎模型大鼠血清中的SOD和GSH活性,并降低MDA含量,提示虫草素能通过降低氧化应激在骨关节炎中发挥抗氧化作用。
综上所述,本研究通过建立大鼠膝关节骨关节炎模型,发现虫草素可以降低氧化应激,发挥抗炎作用,减轻骨关节炎大鼠软骨损伤,对骨关节炎具有缓解作用,为虫草素预防和治疗骨关节炎提供了理论基础。
  • 河北省中医药管理局科研计划项目(2020008)
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2024年第43卷第10期
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doi: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.10.10
  • 接收时间:2023-03-23
  • 首发时间:2026-03-17
  • 出版时间:2024-10-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-03-23
  • 录用日期:2024-08-27
基金
河北省中医药管理局科研计划项目(2020008)
作者信息
    1.河北省中医院/ 河北中医学院第一附属医院 a.骨伤三科,b.中医科,河北 石家庄 050000
    2.河北省沧州中西医结合医院东院区 骨伤三科,河北 沧州 061000

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zgxyylczz/CN/10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.10.10
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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