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Article(id=1239238831677960638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, issueId=1239238829719220640, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.08.06, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1670947200000, receivedDateStr=2022-12-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1711296000000, acceptedDateStr=2024-03-25, onlineDate=1773387161416, onlineDateStr=2026-03-13, pubDate=1724515200000, pubDateStr=2024-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773387161416, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773387161416, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773387161416, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1239238829719220640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, year='2024', volume='43', issue='8', pageStart='561', pageEnd='640', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773387160949, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773387216554, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1239239063014789867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, issueId=1239238829719220640, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1239239063014789868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, issueId=1239238829719220640, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=594, endPage=599, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1239238832034476486, articleId=1239238831677960638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, language=EN, title=Ginsenoside Rb1 regulates proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells by SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway, columnId=1207314218647392369, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of New Drugs and Clinical Remedies, columnName=Original Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
AIM

To observe the influences of ginsenoside Rb1 （GsRb1） on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells （hPDLSCs）, and its molecular mechanism related to stromal cell-derived factor-1 （SDF-1）/CXC chemokine receptor 4 （CXCR4） pathway.

METHODS

hPDLSCs were isolated and cultured by enzyme digestion method. Cell morphology was observed under an inverted microscope. Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of stromal cell antigen 1 （STRO-1） and cluster of differentiation 146 （CD146） positive cells. hPDLSCs were treated with 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 μmol·L-1 GsRb1, respectively, and the optimal concentration was screened by CCK-8 method. hPDLSCs were divided into control group, GsRb1 （4.0 μmol·L-1） group, AMD3100 （5 μg·mL-1） group, and GsRb1+AMD3100 group, the cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase （ALP） activity of each group were compared, the mRNA expression of Runt-related gene 2 （Runx2）, oxterix, and osteopontin （OPN） were detected by qRT-PCR, and the formation of mineralized nodules in hPDLSCs was detected by alizarin red staining and quantitative analysis. Western blot was used to detect the expression of SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway-related proteins.

RESULTS

hPDLSCs were arranged radially, with long spindles, and the growth was relatively dense. The proportions of STRO-1 and CD146 positive cells were 97.19% and 98.01%, respectively. With the increase of GsRb1 concentration, the proliferation activity of hPDLSCs was enhanced in a dose-dependent manner （P<0.05）. Compared with the control group, the cell viability and ALP activity in the GsRb1 group were enhanced, and the mRNA expression of Runx2, oxterix, OPN, the amount of mineralized nodules, and the protein expression of SDF-1 and CXCR4 were increased （P<0.05）, while the AMD3100 group was the opposite （P<0.05）.Compared with the GsRb1 group, the cell viability and ALP activity in the GsRb1+AMD3100 group were decreased, and the mRNA expression of Runx2, oxterix, OPN, the amount of mineralized nodules, and the protein expression of SDF-1 and CXCR4 were decreased （P<0.05）.

CONCLUSION

GsRb1 can promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs, which may be related to the increased protein expression of SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway.

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目的

观察人参皂苷Rb1（GsRb1）对人牙周膜干细胞（hPDLSCs）增殖和成骨分化的影响，及其与基质细胞衍生因子1（SDF-1）/CXC趋化因子受体4（CXCR4）通路相关分子机制。

方法

采用酶消化法分离、培养hPDLSCs，倒置显微镜下观察细胞形态，流式细胞术检测基质细胞抗原1（STRO-1）、分化簇146（CD146）阳性细胞比例；分别用0、0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0、6.0 μmol·L-1 GsRb1处理hPDLSCs，CCK-8法筛选最佳作用浓度。将hPDLSCs分为对照组、GsRb1（4.0 μmol·L-1）组、AMD3100（5 μg·mL-1）组、GsRb1+AMD3100组，比较各组细胞增殖活力和碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性，RT-qPCR检测Runt相关基因2（Runx2）、oxterix、骨桥蛋白（OPN）mRNA表达情况，茜素红染色、定量分析检测hPDLSCs中矿化结节形成量，Western blot法检测SDF-1/CXCR4信号通路相关蛋白表达情况。

结果

hPDLSCs呈放射状排列，形态为长梭形，生长较为致密，STRO-1、CD146阳性细胞比例分别为97.19%、98.01%。随着GsRb1浓度的增加，hPDLSCs增殖活力增强，呈浓度依赖性（P<0.05）。与对照组比较，GsRb1组细胞增殖活力、ALP活性增强，runx2、oxterix、OPN mRNA表达增加，矿化结节形成量及SDF-1、CXCR4蛋白表达均增加（P<0.05），而AMD3100组与之相反（P<0.05）。与GsRb1组比较，GsRb1+AMD3100组细胞增殖活力、ALP活性降低，Runx2、oxterix、OPN mRNA表达降低，矿化结节形成量及SDF-1、CXCR4蛋白表达均减少（P<0.05）。

结论

GsRb1能够促进hPDLSCs增殖及成骨分化，可能与增加SDF-1/CXCR4信号通路蛋白表达有关。

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姚毅章
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吴珊，女，主治医师，学士，主要从事口腔医学的研究，E-mail: 。

姚毅章，男，主任医师，学士，主要从事口腔医学的研究，E-mail:

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吴珊，女，主治医师，学士，主要从事口腔医学的研究，E-mail: 。

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姚毅章，男，主任医师，学士，主要从事口腔医学的研究，E-mail:

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Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2021,534 : 337-342., articleTitle=Assessing the effect and related mechanism of naringenin on the proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and endothelial differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1239238835104707103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1239238831677960638, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239238835113095712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1239238831677960638, companyId=1239238835104707103, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Stomatology, the Fifth People’s Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining QINGHAI 810007, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1239238835121484322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1239238831677960638, companyId=1239238835104707103, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=青海省第五人民医院 口腔科，青海 西宁 810007)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1239238839181570738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1239238831677960638, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=icsDXxioMY4YQKKwXC2H6g==, figureFileBig=VxKWYZqk9o5/k50j9T2zIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239238839261262517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1239238831677960638, language=CN, label=图1, caption=倒置显微镜下hPDLSCs形态（A, ×400）及流式细胞术检测STRO-1（B）、CD146（C）阳性细胞比例, figureFileSmall=icsDXxioMY4YQKKwXC2H6g==, figureFileBig=VxKWYZqk9o5/k50j9T2zIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239238839454200510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1239238831677960638, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=UTBaD9LDGGmUvUp5XmgZlA==, figureFileBig=PJjrn9rHTMvdzPc5Zniycg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239238839550669506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1239238831677960638, language=CN, label=图2, caption=各组人牙周膜干细胞矿化结节形成茜素红染色图（×200）

红色或橙黄色均是矿化结节形成。A：对照组，B：人参皂苷Rb1（GsRb1）组，C： AMD3100组，D： GsRb1+AMD3100组

, figureFileSmall=UTBaD9LDGGmUvUp5XmgZlA==, figureFileBig=PJjrn9rHTMvdzPc5Zniycg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239238839630361285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1239238831677960638, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=9mCUS+flHOnCgV70geJnbQ==, figureFileBig=OUQAmsZk4jST+aeFECzBlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239238839735218888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1239238831677960638, language=CN, label=图3, caption=各组人牙周膜干细胞基质细胞衍生因子1（SDF-1）和CXC趋化因子受体4（CXCR4）蛋白印迹图

A：对照组， B：人参皂苷Rb1（GsRb1）组，C：AMD3100组， D：GsRb1+AMD3100组

, figureFileSmall=9mCUS+flHOnCgV70geJnbQ==, figureFileBig=OUQAmsZk4jST+aeFECzBlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239238839835882190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1239238831677960638, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别ALP活性/U·mg-1Runx2 mRNAoxterix mRNAOPN mRNA
对照0.64±0.051.03±0.061.08±0.041.01±0.06
GsRb12.13±0.11b3.46±0.15b4.12±0.13b3.28±0.15b
AMD31000.19±0.03be0.39±0.04be0.28±0.03be0.31±0.04be
GsRb1+AMD31001.75±0.08eh2.82±0.11eh3.49±0.09eh2.62±0.09eh
), ArticleFig(id=1239238839902991057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1239238831677960638, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各组人牙周膜干细胞成骨分化相关指标比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别ALP活性/U·mg-1Runx2 mRNAoxterix mRNAOPN mRNA
对照0.64±0.051.03±0.061.08±0.041.01±0.06
GsRb12.13±0.11b3.46±0.15b4.12±0.13b3.28±0.15b
AMD31000.19±0.03be0.39±0.04be0.28±0.03be0.31±0.04be
GsRb1+AMD31001.75±0.08eh2.82±0.11eh3.49±0.09eh2.62±0.09eh
), ArticleFig(id=1239238839965905621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1239238831677960638, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别SDF-1/β-actinCXCR4/β-actin
对照0.46±0.050.32±0.04
GsRb11.35±0.09b1.03±0.07b
AMD31000.18±0.03be0.11±0.02be
GsRb1+AMD31001.02±0.06eh0.85±0.06eh
), ArticleFig(id=1239238840049791707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1239238831677960638, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

各组人牙周膜干细胞基质细胞衍生因子1（SDF-1）和CXC趋化因子受体4（CXCR4）蛋白表达比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别SDF-1/β-actinCXCR4/β-actin
对照0.46±0.050.32±0.04
GsRb11.35±0.09b1.03±0.07b
AMD31000.18±0.03be0.11±0.02be
GsRb1+AMD31001.02±0.06eh0.85±0.06eh
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人参皂苷Rb1通过SDF-1/CXCR4通路调节牙周膜干细胞增殖及成骨分化
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吴珊 , 赵国廷 , 董振耀 , 马秀花 , 姚毅章
中国新药与临床杂志 | 论著 2024,43(8): 594-599
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中国新药与临床杂志 | 论著 2024, 43(8): 594-599
人参皂苷Rb1通过SDF-1/CXCR4通路调节牙周膜干细胞增殖及成骨分化
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吴珊 , 赵国廷, 董振耀, 马秀花, 姚毅章
作者信息
  • 青海省第五人民医院 口腔科，青海 西宁 810007

    • 吴珊，女，主治医师，学士，主要从事口腔医学的研究，E-mail: 。

    姚毅章，男，主任医师，学士，主要从事口腔医学的研究，E-mail:

通讯作者:

姚毅章
Ginsenoside Rb1 regulates proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells by SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway
Shan WU , Guo-ting ZHAO, Zhen-yao DONG, Xiu-hua MA, Yi-zhang YAO
Affiliations
  • Department of Stomatology, the Fifth People’s Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining QINGHAI 810007, China
出版时间: 2024-08-25 doi: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.08.06
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摘要
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目的

观察人参皂苷Rb1（GsRb1）对人牙周膜干细胞（hPDLSCs）增殖和成骨分化的影响，及其与基质细胞衍生因子1（SDF-1）/CXC趋化因子受体4（CXCR4）通路相关分子机制。

方法

采用酶消化法分离、培养hPDLSCs，倒置显微镜下观察细胞形态，流式细胞术检测基质细胞抗原1（STRO-1）、分化簇146（CD146）阳性细胞比例；分别用0、0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0、6.0 μmol·L-1 GsRb1处理hPDLSCs，CCK-8法筛选最佳作用浓度。将hPDLSCs分为对照组、GsRb1（4.0 μmol·L-1）组、AMD3100（5 μg·mL-1）组、GsRb1+AMD3100组，比较各组细胞增殖活力和碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性，RT-qPCR检测Runt相关基因2（Runx2）、oxterix、骨桥蛋白（OPN）mRNA表达情况，茜素红染色、定量分析检测hPDLSCs中矿化结节形成量，Western blot法检测SDF-1/CXCR4信号通路相关蛋白表达情况。

结果

hPDLSCs呈放射状排列，形态为长梭形，生长较为致密，STRO-1、CD146阳性细胞比例分别为97.19%、98.01%。随着GsRb1浓度的增加，hPDLSCs增殖活力增强，呈浓度依赖性（P<0.05）。与对照组比较，GsRb1组细胞增殖活力、ALP活性增强，runx2、oxterix、OPN mRNA表达增加，矿化结节形成量及SDF-1、CXCR4蛋白表达均增加（P<0.05），而AMD3100组与之相反（P<0.05）。与GsRb1组比较，GsRb1+AMD3100组细胞增殖活力、ALP活性降低，Runx2、oxterix、OPN mRNA表达降低，矿化结节形成量及SDF-1、CXCR4蛋白表达均减少（P<0.05）。

结论

GsRb1能够促进hPDLSCs增殖及成骨分化，可能与增加SDF-1/CXCR4信号通路蛋白表达有关。

人参皂苷Rb1  /  基质细胞衍生因子1  /  CXC趋化因子受体4  /  牙周组织  /  间质干细胞移植  /  细胞增殖
AIM

To observe the influences of ginsenoside Rb1 （GsRb1） on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells （hPDLSCs）, and its molecular mechanism related to stromal cell-derived factor-1 （SDF-1）/CXC chemokine receptor 4 （CXCR4） pathway.

METHODS

hPDLSCs were isolated and cultured by enzyme digestion method. Cell morphology was observed under an inverted microscope. Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of stromal cell antigen 1 （STRO-1） and cluster of differentiation 146 （CD146） positive cells. hPDLSCs were treated with 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 μmol·L-1 GsRb1, respectively, and the optimal concentration was screened by CCK-8 method. hPDLSCs were divided into control group, GsRb1 （4.0 μmol·L-1） group, AMD3100 （5 μg·mL-1） group, and GsRb1+AMD3100 group, the cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase （ALP） activity of each group were compared, the mRNA expression of Runt-related gene 2 （Runx2）, oxterix, and osteopontin （OPN） were detected by qRT-PCR, and the formation of mineralized nodules in hPDLSCs was detected by alizarin red staining and quantitative analysis. Western blot was used to detect the expression of SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway-related proteins.

RESULTS

hPDLSCs were arranged radially, with long spindles, and the growth was relatively dense. The proportions of STRO-1 and CD146 positive cells were 97.19% and 98.01%, respectively. With the increase of GsRb1 concentration, the proliferation activity of hPDLSCs was enhanced in a dose-dependent manner （P<0.05）. Compared with the control group, the cell viability and ALP activity in the GsRb1 group were enhanced, and the mRNA expression of Runx2, oxterix, OPN, the amount of mineralized nodules, and the protein expression of SDF-1 and CXCR4 were increased （P<0.05）, while the AMD3100 group was the opposite （P<0.05）.Compared with the GsRb1 group, the cell viability and ALP activity in the GsRb1+AMD3100 group were decreased, and the mRNA expression of Runx2, oxterix, OPN, the amount of mineralized nodules, and the protein expression of SDF-1 and CXCR4 were decreased （P<0.05）.

CONCLUSION

GsRb1 can promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs, which may be related to the increased protein expression of SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway.

ginsenoside Rb1  /  stromal cell-derived factor 1  /  CXC chemokine receptor 4  /  periodontium  /  mesenchymal stem cells transplantation  /  cell proliferation
吴珊, 赵国廷, 董振耀, 马秀花, 姚毅章. 人参皂苷Rb1通过SDF-1/CXCR4通路调节牙周膜干细胞增殖及成骨分化. 中国新药与临床杂志, 2024 , 43 (8) : 594 -599 . DOI: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.08.06
Shan WU, Guo-ting ZHAO, Zhen-yao DONG, Xiu-hua MA, Yi-zhang YAO. Ginsenoside Rb1 regulates proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells by SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway[J]. Chinese Journal of New Drugs and Clinical Remedies, 2024 , 43 (8) : 594 -599 . DOI: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.08.06
正文
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牙周炎是一种常见的口腔疾病，以牙周支持组织的不可逆损伤或丢失为特征［1］。随着分子生物学、组织工程和干细胞技术的快速发展，牙周再生技术在牙周炎治疗中的应用得到了越来越多的探索。人牙周膜干细胞（human periodontal ligament stem cells，hPDLSCs）被认为是牙周再生技术关键的种子细胞，具有良好的多向分化和自我更新能力，其成骨分化在牙周再生和修复中发挥重要作用［2,3］。
人参皂苷Rb1（ginsenoside Rb1，GsRb1）是人参的主要活性成分之一，具有保护衰老神经、抗细胞凋亡、调节内皮细胞功能、促进细胞生长等作用［4］。此外，大量研究证实GsRb1具有良好的调节骨代谢和促进成骨分化的作用［5,6］。但GsRb1在hPDLSCs成骨分化中的作用尚不清楚。基质细胞衍生因子1（SDF-1）/CXC趋化因子受体4（CXCR4）作为在细胞成骨分化中发挥重要作用的信号通路已被广泛研究［7］。有报道称，GsRb1可通过激活SDF-1/CXCR4信号通路逆转同型半胱氨酸诱导的内皮细胞功能障碍或促进骨源间充质干细胞的迁移［8,9］。本研究通过分离培养hPDLSCs，观察GsRb1对hPDLSCs增殖及成骨分化的影响，同时检测SDF-1/CXCR4信号通路相关作用机制，初步验证GsRb1在牙周再生中的调控作用。
材料与方法
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药物、试剂与仪器
GsRb1（纯度98%）购自上海源叶生物科技公司，用DMSO溶解成10 μmol·L-1的母液，使用时用培养基稀释至所需浓度。SDF-1/CXCR4信号通路抑制剂AMD3100购自MedChemExpress公司，PE标记的基质细胞抗原1（STRO-1）、FITC标记的分化簇146（CD146）抗体和兔源一抗anti-SDF-1、anti-CXCR4、anti-β-actin购自Abcam公司，CCK-8试剂盒、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）检测试剂盒购自碧云天生物技术公司，Runt相关基因2（Runx2）、oxterix、骨桥蛋白（OPN）、β-actin引物由北京全式金生物技术公司设计合成，茜素红染色试剂盒购自上海钰博生物科技公司，RIPA裂解液、BCA试剂盒、山羊抗兔二抗购自爱必信生物技术公司。Thermo MultiskanTM FC酶标仪（上海联迈生物工程公司），FACSCantoⅡ流式细胞仪（美国，BD），ABI 7500 RT-qPCR仪（美国，ABI），Tanon 4100凝胶成像分析系统（上海天能科技公司）。
hPDLSCs的分离培养［10］
经患者同意后，收集12~18岁10例（女性5例，男性5例）因正畸而拔除的完整且健康的前磨牙。采用酶消化法分离hPDLSCs，无菌PBS冲洗后刮取根中1/3牙周膜组织，剪成1 mm3的组织块，加入α-MEM培养基（含10%胎牛血清、1%青-链霉素）并移至离心管中，加入3 mg·mL-1胶原酶Ⅰ、4 mg·mL-1 分散酶于37 ℃消化1 h，终止消化后离心、弃上清，用α-MEM培养基重悬并接种至培养瓶中，在37 ℃、5% CO2培养箱中进行常规传代培养，收集第3代细胞，进行后续实验。
hPDLSCs表型鉴定
采用流式细胞术，将收集的hPDLSCs离心、弃上清后转移至流式管中（每管1×106个细胞），加入PE-STRO-1、FITC-CD146抗体，4 ℃孵育30 min后采用流式细胞仪测定STRO-1、CD146阳性细胞比例。
细胞增殖
将收集的hPDLSCs分别用含0、0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0、6.0 μmol·L-1 GsRb1的α-MEM培养基（含10%胎牛血清、1%青-链霉素）制备单细胞悬液，以每孔1×104个细胞接种至96孔板内进行培养，48 h后加入CCK-8试剂并继续培养2 h，酶标仪测定各孔细胞于450 nm波长处的吸光度（A）值，细胞增殖活力用A450值表示。
将收集的hPDLSCs分别用α-MEM培养基（含10%胎牛血清、1%青-链霉素）（对照组）、含4.0 μmol·L-1 GsRb1的α-MEM培养基（GsRb1组）、含5 μg·mL-1 AMD3100的α-MEM培养基［11］（AMD3100组）、含4.0 μmol·L-1 GsRb1+5 μg·mL-1 AMD3100的α-MEM培养基（GsRb1+AMD3100组）制备单细胞悬液，每孔1×104个细胞接种至96孔板内，培养48 h后CCK-8法检测hPDLSCs细胞增殖活力。
成骨分化相关指标
hPDLSCs以每孔5×104个细胞接种至24孔板内，分组后待细胞融合至60%时，更换为含4.0 μmol·L-1 GsRb1和（或）5 μg·mL-1 AMD3100的成骨诱导液（完全培养基+100 μg·mL-1维生素C+2 mmol·L-1 β-甘油磷酸钠+10-8 mol·L-1地塞米松）［10］，每2日换液1次，培养14 d后收集各组细胞。
ALP活性
成骨诱导培养14 d后收集各组细胞，加入IP细胞裂解液、离心取上清，加入检测缓冲液于37 ℃孵育20 min，随后终止反应，借助酶标仪测定各孔细胞于410 nm波长处的A值，严格按照说明书操作。
Runx2、oxterix、OPN mRNA表达
采用RT-qPCR法。成骨诱导培养14 d后收集各组细胞，加入Trizol提取总RNA，测定浓度后经反转录合成cDNA，而后进行cDNA扩增，分别以β-actin为内参，采用2-∆∆CT法分析扩增后的Runx2、oxterix、OPN mRNA表达水平。引物序列如下，Runx2：上游5'-CACTGGCGCTGCAACAAGA-3'，下游5'-CATTCCGGAGCTCAGCAGAATAA-3'；oxterix：上游5'-GGACCATTCCCACCTCTTCAC-3'，下游5'-CC TTCTAGCCAGGCCCATTC-3'；OPN：上游5'-GATGAA TCTGATGAACTGGTCACTG-3'，下游5'-GGTGATGTCC TCGTCTGTAGCA-3'；β-actin：上游5'-GGCACCCAGC ACAATGAA-3'，下游5'-TAGAAGCATTTGCGGTGG-3'。
矿化结节形成
采用茜素红染色后定量分析。成骨诱导14 d后，每孔加入4%多聚甲醛固定30 min，而后加入0.1%茜素红染色5 min，PBS冲洗后于光镜下观察、拍照。拍照后吸干各孔液体，加入10%氯化烷基十六吡啶，孵育30 min，而后借助酶标仪测定562 nm波长处A值。
SDF-1/CXCR4信号通路相关蛋白表达
采用Westernblot法。成骨诱导14 d后收集各组细胞，加入RIPA裂解液提取总蛋白，BCA法测定浓度后进行定量、变性，随后进行凝胶电泳分离蛋白、转膜、封闭，孵育兔源一抗anti-SDF-1（11 000）、anti-CXCR4（1 1 000）、anti-β-actin（12 000）（4 ℃过夜），次日室温孵育山羊抗兔二抗（12 000）2 h，滴加ECL发光液后置于凝胶成像分析系统中拍照，借助Image J软件进行灰度分析。
统计学分析
采用SPSS 25.0进行统计学分析。计量资料以表示，多组间比较采用单因素方差分析，两两比较采用SNK-q检验。P<0.05为有显著差异。
结　果
收起
hPDLSCs的分离鉴定
倒置显微镜观察显示，hPDLSCs呈放射状排列，形态为长梭形，生长较为致密。流式细胞术检测显示，STRO-1、CD146阳性细胞比例分别为97.19%、98.01%，见图1。
细胞增殖活力
随着GsRb1浓度的增加，hPDLSCs细胞活力增强，0、0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0、6.0 μmol·L-1 GsRb1的细胞增殖活力分别为0.97±0.03、1.12±0.05、1.33±0.06、1.61±0.08、1.79±0.08和1.72±0.07，呈浓度依赖性（P<0.05）；当GsRb1浓度为4.0 μmol·L-1时，hPDLSCs细胞增殖活力最强，故选取4.0 μmol·L-1 GsRb1进行后续实验。
与对照组相比，GsRb1组细胞增殖活力增强（0.99±0.04 vs. 1.82±0.08，P<0.05），AMD3100组细胞增殖活力减弱（0.57±0.03，P<0.05）；与GsRb1组比较，GsRb1+AMD3100组细胞增殖活力减弱（1.45±0.06，P<0.05）。
成骨分化相关指标
与对照组比较，GsRb1组ALP活性增强，Runx2、oxterix、OPN mRNA表达增加（P<0.05），AMD3100组ALP活性降低，Runx2、oxterix、OPN mRNA表达减少（P<0.05）；与GsRb1组比较，GsRb1+AMD3100组ALP活性减弱，Runx2、oxterix、OPN mRNA表达减少（P<0.05）。见表1。
矿化结节形成量
与对照组比较，GsRb1组hPDLSCs中矿化结节形成量增加（0.62±0.05 vs. 1.71±0.09,P<0.05），面积大、染色深；AMD3100组矿化结节形成量减少（0.18±0.03, P<0.05），面积缩小，染色变浅。与GsRb1组比较，GsRb1+AMD3100组矿化结节形成量减少（1.32±0.07，P<0.05），面积缩小，染色变浅。见图2。
GsRb1对hPDLSCs SDF-1/CXCR4信号通路相关蛋白表达的影响
与对照组比较，GsRb1组hPDLSCs中SDF-1、CXCR4蛋白表达增加（P<0.05），AMD3100组hPDLSCs中SDF-1、CXCR4蛋白表达减少（P<0.05）；与GsRb1组比较，GsRb1+AMD3100组hPDLSCs中SDF-1、CXCR4蛋白表达减少（P<0.05）。见图3、表2。
讨　论
收起
牙周炎是由细菌引起的牙周组织慢性感染，导致牙槽骨吸收，是成人牙齿脱落的主要原因［1］。牙周炎的治疗在控制、减轻炎症的同时，也要对缺损的牙周组织进行修复和重建，基于牙髓干细胞的骨组织再生工程技术日益受到青睐。hPDLSCs来源于人牙周韧带，是高度增殖的克隆性间充质干细胞，可分化为成骨细胞并进一步形成牙周韧带样胶原蛋白和纤维，从而促进组织再生，其被广泛认为是最有前景的牙周再生种子细胞［12］。此外，许多学者通过动物实验发现，将hPDLSCs植入缺损区，可有效促进牙槽骨的再生和修复［13］。本研究结果显示，hPDLSCs阳性表达STOR-1、CD146间充质干细胞表面标志物，表明分离培养的hPDLSCs为间充质来源的细胞，具有干细胞相关特性。
不理想的存活率和成骨能力是间充质干细胞移植治疗面临的主要困难，亟待寻求有效方案以改善该问题。GsRb1是从中草药人参的根、茎、叶中提取的活性成分。动物实验证实，GsRb1能够改善地塞米松诱导的大鼠骨质疏松［5］；体外实验证实，GsRb1能够促进人脂肪干细胞、大鼠成骨细胞、大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的成骨分化［6］。但GsRb1是否影响hPDLSCs成骨分化目前仍不清楚。本研究选取0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0、6.0 μmol·L-1浓度的GsRb1作用于hPDLSCs，结果显示，hPDLSCs增殖活力增加，表明GsRb1能够促进hPDLSCs增殖，提示GsRb1可能是间充质干细胞移植治疗中能增强细胞存活率的潜在药物。本研究选择作用最明显的4.0 μmol·L-1 GsRb1用于后续实验。ALP活性及Runx2、oxterix、OPN的表达水平是评估细胞成骨分化能力的常用指标，其中ALP活性增加有利于钙和磷在骨组织中沉积，进而促进骨组织矿化［14］；Runx2、oxterix能够通过激活Ⅰ型胶原、骨钙蛋白、骨黏素等相关成骨分化基因的表达而促进成骨分化［15］；OPN是由成骨细胞分泌的一种磷酸化糖蛋白，其表达水平与成骨分化能力呈正相关［16］。在本研究中，GsRb1组相比于对照组ALP活性增强，Runx2、oxterix、OPN mRNA表达量明显增加，说明GsRb1具有促进hPDLSCs成骨分化的作用，此外矿化结节形成量明显增加，也进一步证实GsRb1具有促进hPDLSCs成骨分化的作用。
细胞的增殖及成骨分化涉及诸多信号通路的调节，其中SDF-1/CXCR4被认为发挥着关键性作用，SDF-1与CXCR4相互结合后可加速钙沉积，增强ALP活性，促进多种成骨因子的表达［17］。而GsRb1促进hPDLSCs增殖及成骨分化的作用是否与激活SDF-1/CXCR4信号通路有关仍未可知。AMD3100为SDF-1/CXCR4信号通路抑制剂，可通过抑制SDF-1/CXCR4信号通路来抑制hPDLSCs的增殖和成骨分化，进而抑制体内血管生成［18］。本研究发现，GsRb1作用于hPDLSCs后，不仅其增殖及成骨分化能力增强，同时伴随着SDF-1、CXCR4蛋白表达增加；在同时给予AMD3100干预后发现，GsRb1对hPDLSCs增殖及成骨分化的促进作用被减弱，进一步证明GsRb1促进hPDLSCs增殖及成骨分化的作用可能与增加SDF-1/CXCR4信号通路蛋白表达有关。
综上所述，GsRb1能够促进hPDLSCs增殖及成骨分化，可能与增加SDF-1/CXCR4信号通路蛋白表达有关。
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2024年第43卷第8期
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doi: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.08.06
  • 接收时间：2022-12-14
  • 首发时间：2026-03-13
  • 出版时间：2024-08-25
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  • 收稿日期：2022-12-14
  • 录用日期：2024-03-25
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    青海省第五人民医院 口腔科，青海 西宁 810007

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姚毅章
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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