Article(id=1239238831317250481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, issueId=1239238829719220640, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.08.12, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1691510400000, receivedDateStr=2023-08-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1710432000000, acceptedDateStr=2024-03-15, onlineDate=1773387161330, onlineDateStr=2026-03-13, pubDate=1724515200000, pubDateStr=2024-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773387161330, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773387161330, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773387161330, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1239238829719220640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, year='2024', volume='43', issue='8', pageStart='561', pageEnd='640', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773387160949, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773387216554, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1239239063014789867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, issueId=1239238829719220640, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1239239063014789868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, issueId=1239238829719220640, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=636, endPage=640, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1239238831556325819, articleId=1239238831317250481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, language=EN, title=Analysis of 28 cases of osimertinib related interstitial lung disease based on literature review, columnId=1207314224800440367, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of New Drugs and Clinical Remedies, columnName=Pharmacovigilance, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
AIM

To analyze the general patterns and characteristics of osimertinib related interstitial lung disease(ILD).

METHODS

The case reports of osimertinib related ILD from CNKI, VIP, Wanfang and PubMed database between November 2015 to June 2023 were searched and analyzed.

RESULTS

A total of 25 case reports were enrolled,involving 28 cases with ILD, 14 male and 14 female cases, aged 32 to 86 years old. PD-1 inhibitors were used sequentially in 4 patients before administering osimertinib, 21 patients developed ILD in 3 months, 25 patients experienced symptom relief after discontinuation reduction medication, and 3 patients died.

CONCLUSION

ILD should be closely guarded in 3 months of the application of osimertinib, especially these patients who received the sequence treatment of PD-1 inhibitors.The key to improving the prognosis is to stop using osimertinib immediately after ILD.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Zhen-ling FU, Hua-yu SUN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1239238831938007490, articleId=1239238831317250481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, language=CN, title=奥希替尼相关性间质性肺疾病28例文献分析, columnId=1207314226171977778, journalTitle=中国新药与临床杂志, columnName=药物警戒, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分析奥希替尼相关性间质性肺疾病(ILD)的发生规律和特点。

方法

检索2015年11月至2023年6月中国知网、维普、万方及PubMed数据库收载的奥希替尼相关ILD的个案报道,提取相关数据进行分析。

结果

共筛选出个案报道25篇,涉及奥希替尼相关性ILD患者28例,男性14例,女性14例,年龄32~86岁。4例患者在奥希替尼治疗前序贯使用了PD-1抑制剂,21例患者在用药3个月内发生ILD,25例患者停药或减量后症状缓解,3例患者死亡。

结论

奥希替尼应用3个月内需密切防范ILD的发生,尤其是序贯使用PD-1抑制剂的患者。出现ILD后立即停药是改善转归的关键。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
孙华瑜,E-mail:
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傅振玲,女,主管药师,学士,主要从事临床药学研究,E-mail:

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傅振玲,女,主管药师,学士,主要从事临床药学研究,E-mail:

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傅振玲,女,主管药师,学士,主要从事临床药学研究,E-mail:

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奥希替尼相关性间质性肺疾病28例文献分析
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傅振玲 , 孙华瑜
中国新药与临床杂志 | 药物警戒 2024,43(8): 636-640
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中国新药与临床杂志 | 药物警戒 2024, 43(8): 636-640
奥希替尼相关性间质性肺疾病28例文献分析
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傅振玲 , 孙华瑜
作者信息
  • 衢州市人民医院 药学部,浙江 衢州 324000
  • 傅振玲,女,主管药师,学士,主要从事临床药学研究,E-mail:

通讯作者:

孙华瑜,E-mail:
Analysis of 28 cases of osimertinib related interstitial lung disease based on literature review
Zhen-ling FU , Hua-yu SUN
Affiliations
  • Department of Pharmacy, the People’s Hospital of Quzhou, Quzhou ZHEJIANG 324000, China
出版时间: 2024-08-25 doi: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.08.12
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目的

分析奥希替尼相关性间质性肺疾病(ILD)的发生规律和特点。

方法

检索2015年11月至2023年6月中国知网、维普、万方及PubMed数据库收载的奥希替尼相关ILD的个案报道,提取相关数据进行分析。

结果

共筛选出个案报道25篇,涉及奥希替尼相关性ILD患者28例,男性14例,女性14例,年龄32~86岁。4例患者在奥希替尼治疗前序贯使用了PD-1抑制剂,21例患者在用药3个月内发生ILD,25例患者停药或减量后症状缓解,3例患者死亡。

结论

奥希替尼应用3个月内需密切防范ILD的发生,尤其是序贯使用PD-1抑制剂的患者。出现ILD后立即停药是改善转归的关键。

奥希替尼  /  间质性肺疾病  /  病例报告
AIM

To analyze the general patterns and characteristics of osimertinib related interstitial lung disease(ILD).

METHODS

The case reports of osimertinib related ILD from CNKI, VIP, Wanfang and PubMed database between November 2015 to June 2023 were searched and analyzed.

RESULTS

A total of 25 case reports were enrolled,involving 28 cases with ILD, 14 male and 14 female cases, aged 32 to 86 years old. PD-1 inhibitors were used sequentially in 4 patients before administering osimertinib, 21 patients developed ILD in 3 months, 25 patients experienced symptom relief after discontinuation reduction medication, and 3 patients died.

CONCLUSION

ILD should be closely guarded in 3 months of the application of osimertinib, especially these patients who received the sequence treatment of PD-1 inhibitors.The key to improving the prognosis is to stop using osimertinib immediately after ILD.

osimertinib  /  interstitial lung disease  /  case report
傅振玲, 孙华瑜. 奥希替尼相关性间质性肺疾病28例文献分析. 中国新药与临床杂志, 2024 , 43 (8) : 636 -640 . DOI: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.08.12
Zhen-ling FU, Hua-yu SUN. Analysis of 28 cases of osimertinib related interstitial lung disease based on literature review[J]. Chinese Journal of New Drugs and Clinical Remedies, 2024 , 43 (8) : 636 -640 . DOI: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.08.12
奥希替尼 (osimertinib) 是首个口服的第三代表皮生长因子受体靶向酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors, EGFR-TKIs),其结构中的丙烯酰胺基与EGFR基因催化域ATP结合位点边缘的C797形成共价结合,从而与特定的EGFR突变[包括19号外显子缺失(19del)、21号外显子L858R突变和20号外显子T790M突变]进行不可逆结合,抑制癌细胞的增殖,主要用于治疗EGFR突变的非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung carcinoma,NSCLC)患者1。奥希替尼由阿斯利康公司研发,2015年11月由美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)批准上市;2017年3月国家药品监督管理局(NMPA)加速批准了该药的进口申请,在中国获批上市;2020年12月,该药通过国家医保药品准入谈判,作为EGFR相关突变形式的NSCLC患者的一线治疗药物被纳入《国家基本医疗保险、工伤保险和生育保险药品目录》。一项全球奥希替尼的临床试验(AURA3)研究结果显示,奥希替尼最常见的不良反应有腹泻(41%)、皮疹(34%)、皮肤干燥(23%)和甲沟炎(22%),多数轻微且易耐受2。随着奥希替尼在临床的广泛应用,相关性间质性肺疾病(interstitial lung disease,ILD)的报道日益增多,了解该不良反应的临床特征有助于早期识别和处置,避免发生严重后果,为此本研究收集国内外文献报道的奥希替尼相关性ILD个案报道进行分析。
以“奥希替尼”及“间质性肺疾病”、“间质性肺炎”为中文检索词,检索中国知网、维普和万方数据库,以“osimertinib”和“interstitial lung disease”、“interstitial pneumonia”为英文检索词,检索PubMed数据库,收集奥希替尼相关性ILD的个案报道。检索时间为2015年11月至2023年6月。
按照纳入与排除标准进行文献筛选和资料提取,详细阅读相关个案报道,提取患者国籍、性别、年龄、奥希替尼用药情况、ILD发生情况、临床治疗干预及转归等相关信息。文献纳入标准:(1)原始资料为国内外公开发表的文献;(2)患者基本信息及用药信息等临床资料相对完整;(3)ILD与奥希替尼相关。剔除标准:(1)临床研究或综述性文献;(2)重复发表的文献;(3)临床信息不全的文献。
共检索到符合纳入标准的文献25篇3-27,其中英文文献21篇,中文文献4篇。共涉及患者28例,其中日本9例,中国9例,德国5例,美国4例,巴西1例;男性14例,女性14例;年龄32~86岁,平均58岁。28例NSCLC患者中,EGFR突变形式为19del者8例,L858R突变者3例,T790M突变者2例,19del和T790M突变者7例,L858R和T790M突变者6例,19del、L858R和T790M突变者1例,19del、T790M和TP53突变者1例。21例描述了吸烟史情况,其中16例无吸烟史,5例有吸烟史。
25例患者描述奥希替尼给药剂量,均为80 mg·d-1的初始标准剂量,4例患者在奥希替尼治疗前使用了PD-1抑制剂5,8,17,23,其中使用度伐利尤单抗1例17,纳武利尤单抗2例5,8,具体药物不详1例23
28例奥希替尼相关性ILD中,发生时间最短为用药后1周,最长为用药9个月后,中位时间为62 d。发生时间≤3个月、4~6个月、>6个月分别为21例(75%)、4例(14%)、3例(11%)。其临床表现为呼吸困难15例、咳嗽13例、呼吸急促7例、全身乏力2例、发热4例、胸痛2例、呼吸衰竭2例、胸闷1例和咳痰1例,大部分患者有两种以上症状。胸部CT扫描结果显示,双肺弥漫性或多发的磨玻璃影19例、斑片状实变9例、牵引性支气管扩张2例和小叶间隔增厚2例。11例描述了支气管肺泡灌洗液分析检查结果,提示以淋巴细胞为主者8例,以嗜酸粒细胞为主者2例,以淋巴细胞和嗜酸粒细胞为主者1例,均未检出细菌、病毒等微生物。4例描述了支气管镜肺活检结果,3例以淋巴细胞浸润为主、1例以嗜酸粒细胞为主。4例检查了涎液化糖链抗原-6(KL-6)数值,均显著升高(725~2 310 U·mL-1)。
28例患者中,25例立即停用奥希替尼,其中22例患者给予全身糖皮质激素治疗,20例患者症状明显缓解,2例患者死亡8,26;3例患者未给予全身糖皮质激素治疗,其中2例患者仅仅停药5,6,1例患者给予尼达尼布治疗11,临床症状均明显缓解。另3例患者未立即停用奥希替尼,其中1例患者拒绝停药,经抗感染、止咳治疗症状加重后,给予机械通气、甲泼尼龙后死亡9;1例患者继续用药,发展为急性呼吸衰竭后停药,并给予气管切开、机械通气和泼尼松龙后,肺损伤改善并稳定10;1例患者奥希替尼减量给药(80 mg,隔日1次),并给予地塞米松后,症状明显改善3
因病情需要,13例患者待ILD明显改善后,再次使用奥希替尼。其中,8例患者在口服糖皮质激素保护的基础上,第2次使用奥希替尼,ILD未复发;2例患者在未全身使用糖皮质激素保护的情况下,第2次使用奥希替尼后ILD复发,在全身使用糖皮质激素后,第3次使用奥希替尼ILD未复发13,23;3例患者未全身使用糖皮质激素保护,第2次使用奥希替尼后,ILD复发2例5,18,未复发1例14。7例患者换用其他EGFR-TKIs(阿美替尼2例,阿法替尼2例,吉非替尼1例,厄洛替尼1例,埃克替尼1例),仅换用埃克替尼的患者再次发生了ILD27
纳入本分析的患者平均年龄58岁,男女性别比例为11,既往以无吸烟史居多(16/28, 57%)。一项关于奥希替尼临床特征的研究结果表明,奥希替尼相关性ILD与性别及吸烟史无关28,而另一项基于美国 FDA 不良事件报告系统的关于奥希替尼相关性ILD的调查分析结果显示,男性患者发生奥希替尼相关性ILD风险更高29。目前,男性和吸烟史是吉非替尼相关性ILD的高危因素已经明确30。奥希替尼作为第三代EGFR-TKIs,其结构与第一、二代有明显不同,奥希替尼相关性ILD的危险因素可能有所差异,需要进一步深入研究。值得关注的是,EGFR-TKIs相关性ILD存在着种族差异,日本人群在接受EGFR-TKIs治疗后更容易发生ILD,发生率为1.6%~4.3%,而全球仅为0.3%~1%31。奥希替尼的临床研究也提示日本人群ILD发生风险更高。一项日本人群使用奥希替尼的真实世界数据调查结果显示ILD发生率高达6.8%28,而中国人群发病率为2.6%32。日本人群EGFR-TKIs相关性ILD风险高可能与遗传易感性有关。
本研究中4例患者在奥希替尼治疗前1个月左右,使用过PD-1抑制剂。最近几项研究均表明,奥希替尼与PD-1抑制剂同时或序贯使用,奥希替尼相关性ILD发生的风险增加28,33,34。需要强调的是,这种风险的增加仅与奥希替尼有关,而与其他EGFR-TKIs无关,呈现出非类别特异性特点33
28例患者出现奥希替尼相关性ILD的中位时间为62 d,与相关文献报道28基本相符。ILD在用药3个月内发生者占75%,提示用药 3个月内要重点监测ILD不良事件的发生。临床表现为呼吸困难和咳嗽(以干咳为主),影像学检查主要为双肺弥漫性或多发的磨玻璃影,部分患者呈现斑片状实变等组织性肺炎表现。支气管肺泡灌洗液分析及支气管镜肺活检提示,主要是以淋巴细胞增多为主。4例患者报道了KL-6水平,均高于正常水平。KL-6主要由Ⅱ型肺泡细胞和呼吸细支气管上皮细胞分泌,发生ILD时,大量KL-6被释放到外周血,对判断 ILD 的严重程度和进展有重要的参考价值35
28例患者中,1例患者仍维持标准剂量继续用药,症状恶化,发展为严重的呼吸衰竭,提示出现ILD后应立即停药10。奥希替尼相关性ILD的治疗,建议参考EGFR-TKIs不良反应管理专家共识36,对于严重的ILD,给予高剂量糖皮质激素或冲击治疗。目前,国际上对于发生奥希替尼相关性ILD后,再应用奥希替尼或换用其他EGFR-TKIs的风险和获益尚无共识。奥希替尼说明书中指出,一旦出现ILD后应永久停药。本调查结果显示,10例患者在全身使用糖皮质激素保护下再次使用奥希替尼,临床获益且在数月的随访中均未再发ILD;另外,有2例患者没有全身使用糖皮质激素保护,在初次和第2次使用奥希替尼后均发生了ILD,而第3次在全身使用糖皮质激素的基础上使用奥希替尼,ILD未复发13,23。提示在全身使用糖皮质激素保护的基础上减少奥希替尼剂量,可能降低ILD复发的风险,与相关真实世界报道结果28一致,但仍有待于进一步开展高质量临床研究予以证实。2例患者因ILD直接诱发死亡。有研究表明,奥希替尼相关性ILD影像学表现为弥漫性肺泡损伤性(diffuse alveolar damage, DAD)死亡的发生率明显高于非DAD型,值得关注28
本研究中1例老年患者因患糖尿病且血糖控制不佳,临床应用糖皮质激素治疗有禁忌,给予尼达尼布治疗ILD取得显著效果11。尼达尼布是一种口服小分子酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,靶向作用于酪氨酸激酶受体,阻断导致肺纤维化的成纤维细胞下游信号激活,从而达到抗纤维化作用,FDA已批准尼达尼布作为进行性纤维化ILD的首个治疗方法37
奥希替尼相关性ILD发生机制不明确。EGFR在肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞表达,参与肺泡壁的修复。EGFR-TKIs通过抑制EGFR而影响气管上皮细胞的生长和损伤的修复。另外,免疫介导的过敏反应可能也参与了ILD的发生机制36
综上所述,在临床应用奥希替尼的过程中,尤其在使用的前3个月内以及序贯使用PD-1抑制剂的情况下,如患者出现急性发作和/或不明原因的新的或加重的肺病症状(呼吸困难、咳嗽、发热),建议及时开展影像学检查和KL-6监测,早期发现和治疗相关性ILD。一旦出现相关性ILD,最关键是立即停用奥希替尼,并及时给予糖皮质激素治疗。如需再次使用奥希替尼,应评估患者的获益及风险,获得患者知情同意,在使用糖皮质激素进行保护的基础上,减少奥希替尼用药剂量,并加强用药安全监测。
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doi: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.08.12
  • 接收时间:2023-08-09
  • 首发时间:2026-03-13
  • 出版时间:2024-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-08-09
  • 录用日期:2024-03-15
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    衢州市人民医院 药学部,浙江 衢州 324000

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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