Article(id=1239222197315752875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, issueId=1239222192311948159, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.11.12, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1708876800000, acceptedDateStr=2024-02-26, onlineDate=1773383195475, onlineDateStr=2026-03-13, pubDate=1732464000000, pubDateStr=2024-11-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773383195475, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773383195475, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773383195475, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1239222192311948159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, year='2024', volume='43', issue='11', pageStart='801', pageEnd='880', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773383194282, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773384015681, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1239225637551002124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, issueId=1239222192311948159, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1239225637551002125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, issueId=1239222192311948159, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=866, endPage=872, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1239222198230111161, articleId=1239222197315752875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, language=EN, title=Study on mechanism of analgesic active constituents from Piper wallichii based on network pharmacology and experimental verification, columnId=1207314218647392369, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of New Drugs and Clinical Remedies, columnName=Original Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
AIM

To investigate the analgesic mechanism of the active constituents of Piper wallichii.

METHODS

The core targets related to analgesia of Piper wallichii were screened by network pharmacology, and GO functional enrichment and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were carried out by DAVID database. The cationic elution site of Shinan vine was eluted by a silica gel column with a gradient(95:5-50:50)of petroleum ether-ethyl acetate separation system system to isolate the wallwort alkaloids, and the purity was determined by HPLC. Selected ICR mice were randomly divided into a blank group, positive control(aspirin 120 mg·kg-1)group, a model group, and low, medium, and high dose(150, 300, and 600 mg·kg-1)pellitorine groups(all n=8), and were administered continuously for 7 d. After the last administration, each group was injected intraperitoneally with 0.1 mL of 0.7% acetic acid for every 10 g of body weight except the blank group. The number of twisting responses and latency period in each group were examined. Serum levels of tumour necrosis factor(TNF)-α, interleukin(IL)-6 and IL-1β were detected by ELISA, and the concentrations of choline acetyltransferase(ChAT), acetylcholine(ACh), and acetylcholinesterase(AChE)were examined in brain tissues.

RESULTS

The network pharmacological results showed that Piper wallichii screened out the core components such as pellitorine and futoamide, and the key pathways such as nerve signalling pathway and cholinergic synaptic pathway. The purity of isolated pellitorine was 90.42%. Animal experiments showed that, compared with the model group, the number of twisting in the low, medium and high dose pellitorine groups was significantly reduced(P<0.05), and the content of TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1β in serum was significantly reduced(P<0.01). ChAT in the brain tissues of the three dose pellitorine groups were significantly higher(P<0.01), and the concentration of ACh in the medium and high dose pellitorine groups were significantly higher(P<0.01), and the AChE concentration of low, middle and high dose pellitorine groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION

The key active constituent in the analgesic effect of Piper wallichii is pellitorine, which is involved in the cholinergic synaptic pathway by up-regulating the activities of ChAT and ACh, and down-regulating AChE,thus reducing pain.

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目的

探究石南藤镇痛活性成分的作用机制。

方法

采用网络药理学方法筛选石南藤镇痛相关的核心靶点,利用DAVID数据库进行GO功能富集分析和KEGG通路富集分析。经硅胶柱采用石油醚-乙酸乙酯分离系统体系梯度(95:5~50:50)洗脱石南藤阳离子洗脱液部位分离得墙草碱,用HPLC测定纯度。选择ICR小鼠随机分为空白组,阳性对照(阿司匹林120 mg·kg-1)组,模型组和墙草碱低、中、高剂量(150、300、600 mg·kg-1)值(均n=8),连续给药7 d,未次给药后,除空白组,各组按每10 g体重腹腔注射0.7%醋酸0.1 mL,考察各组小鼠扭体反应次数及潜伏期;ELISA法检测血清中肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、白细胞介素(IL)-6、IL-1β的含量,检测脑组织中胆碱乙酰转移酶(ChAT)、乙酰胆碱(ACh)、乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)的浓度。

结果

网络药理学结果显示,石南藤筛选出墙草碱、风藤酰胺等核心成分;富集到关键通路有神经信号传导通路、胆碱能突触通路等。分离墙草碱纯度为90.42%。动物实验显示,与模型组比较,墙草碱低、中、高剂量组扭体次数显著减少(P<0.05),血清中TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β含量显著降低(P<0.01);墙草碱三个剂量组脑组织中ChAT显著升高(P<0.01),中、高剂量组ACh浓度显著增加(P<0.01),低、中、高剂量组AChE浓度显著降低(P<0.05)。

结论

石南藤镇痛发挥镇痛的关键活性成分是墙草碱,通过上调ChAT、ACh活性和下调AChE参与胆碱能突触通路,减少疼痛。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
嵇晶,
程建明
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唐婷婷,女,博士在读,主要从事中药新药创制与转化应用的研究,E-mail:

嵇晶,女,高级实验师,博士,主要从事中药质量研究,E-mail:

程建明,男,博士,研究员,主要从事中药新剂型、新技术研究及其产品开发,E-mail:

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程建明,男,博士,研究员,主要从事中药新剂型、新技术研究及其产品开发,E-mail:

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红色代表药物,黄色代表成分,蓝色代表靶点。SNT:石南藤,SNT1:墙草碱,SNT2:荜菝明宁碱,SNT3:几内亚胡椒酰胺,SNT4:风藤酰胺

, figureFileSmall=pr5KhMUL108QmIw/UvKLuw==, figureFileBig=ifEUJ0P3bp25i4f3pZe0Bg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239232817293480042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1239222197315752875, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=So0Zkh3F1T3au9sog6HpwQ==, figureFileBig=q3LVpG4MzlCGbEJgJ3tjrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239232817377366121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1239222197315752875, language=CN, label=图4, caption=GO通路富集结果

BP:生物过程,CC:细胞组成,MF:分子功能

, figureFileSmall=So0Zkh3F1T3au9sog6HpwQ==, figureFileBig=q3LVpG4MzlCGbEJgJ3tjrg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239232817452863594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1239222197315752875, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=cRVFySMiMYn2TwjJi5RDxA==, figureFileBig=Cd16O2aOEynkeqMyQ2P/vg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239232817519972460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1239222197315752875, language=CN, label=图5, caption=KEGG通路富集结果, figureFileSmall=cRVFySMiMYn2TwjJi5RDxA==, figureFileBig=Cd16O2aOEynkeqMyQ2P/vg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239232817595469934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1239222197315752875, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=B6j6Niv1Mr9DjvZeqhy0cw==, figureFileBig=53F9/XiETl2CThA6k6uZ8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239232817675161712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1239222197315752875, language=CN, label=图6, caption=石油醚-乙酸乙酯(75:25)第20流分HPLC图, figureFileSmall=B6j6Niv1Mr9DjvZeqhy0cw==, figureFileBig=53F9/XiETl2CThA6k6uZ8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239232817738076274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1239222197315752875, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号化合物名称英文名称OB/%DL
1墙草碱pellitorine23.810.06
2风藤酰胺futoamide28.750.25
3荜菝明宁碱piperlonguminine30.710.18
4几内亚胡椒酰胺guineensine26.660.18
5二氢筚拨明宁碱di-hydropiperlonguminine28.860.46
), ArticleFig(id=1239232817813573748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1239222197315752875, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

石南藤有效成分信息表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号化合物名称英文名称OB/%DL
1墙草碱pellitorine23.810.06
2风藤酰胺futoamide28.750.25
3荜菝明宁碱piperlonguminine30.710.18
4几内亚胡椒酰胺guineensine26.660.18
5二氢筚拨明宁碱di-hydropiperlonguminine28.860.46
), ArticleFig(id=1239232817901654134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1239222197315752875, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号成分靶点名称基因名称Uniport ID
1墙草碱neuronal acetylcholine receptor; alpha4/beta4CHRNA4P30926
2风藤酰胺muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3CHRM3P20309
3风藤酰胺prostaglandin G/H synthase 2PTGS2P35354
4风藤酰胺sodium-dependent serotonin transporterSLC6A4P31645
5风藤酰胺beta-2 adrenergic receptorADRB2P07550
6风藤酰胺alpha-1B adrenergic receptorADRB1P08172
7风藤酰胺sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaSCN5AQ14524
8荜菝明宁碱cGMP-inhibited 3’, 5’-cyclic phosphodiesterase APDE3AQ14432
9墙草碱acetylcholine receptor; deltaCHRNDQ07001
10荜菝明宁碱nitric-oxide synthase, endothelialNOS3P29474
), ArticleFig(id=1239232818014900344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1239222197315752875, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

石南藤潜在的部分作用靶点预测表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号成分靶点名称基因名称Uniport ID
1墙草碱neuronal acetylcholine receptor; alpha4/beta4CHRNA4P30926
2风藤酰胺muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3CHRM3P20309
3风藤酰胺prostaglandin G/H synthase 2PTGS2P35354
4风藤酰胺sodium-dependent serotonin transporterSLC6A4P31645
5风藤酰胺beta-2 adrenergic receptorADRB2P07550
6风藤酰胺alpha-1B adrenergic receptorADRB1P08172
7风藤酰胺sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaSCN5AQ14524
8荜菝明宁碱cGMP-inhibited 3’, 5’-cyclic phosphodiesterase APDE3AQ14432
9墙草碱acetylcholine receptor; deltaCHRNDQ07001
10荜菝明宁碱nitric-oxide synthase, endothelialNOS3P29474
), ArticleFig(id=1239232818090397817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1239222197315752875, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别扭体次数潜伏期/s
模型43.00±3.85375.10±21.64
阳性对照29.80±1.03b480.10±89.10a
墙草碱低剂量26.70±5.67bd441.10±55.78ad
墙草碱中剂量26.00±6.71bd441.60±32.84ad
墙草碱高剂量19.80±2.82ce559.60±69.24bd
), ArticleFig(id=1239232818157506683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1239222197315752875, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

各组扭体次数及潜伏期比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别扭体次数潜伏期/s
模型43.00±3.85375.10±21.64
阳性对照29.80±1.03b480.10±89.10a
墙草碱低剂量26.70±5.67bd441.10±55.78ad
墙草碱中剂量26.00±6.71bd441.60±32.84ad
墙草碱高剂量19.80±2.82ce559.60±69.24bd
), ArticleFig(id=1239232818241392765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1239222197315752875, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别IL-1β/ng·L-1TNF-α/ng·L-1IL-6/pg·L-1
空白72.69±8.99349.65±27.5185.38±2.80
模型109.10±9.34540.90±11.42129.05±6.98
阳性对照64.32±6.14c423.61±45.41c74.63±2.54c
墙草碱低剂量67.35±2.63c474.56±21.95c74.74±3.67c
墙草碱中剂量65.99±2.99cd471.13±17.35cd70.71±8.37cd
墙草碱高剂量60.41±3.63cd363.74±27.39cd59.85±5.10ce
组别ACh/pmol·L-1ChAT/ pmol·L-1AChE/pg·mL-1
空白210.17±15.05158.70±14.44102.62±7.86
模型144.45±7.09141.75±5.20182.41±4.70
阳性对照186.02±21.19b179.75±16.14b106.57±6.05b
墙草碱低剂量141.75±5.20ae193.28±7.47cd93.89±10.18bd
墙草碱中剂量193.28±7.47cd210.15±5.39ce87.31±10.57be
墙草碱高剂量208.48±13.18cd225.17±16.71ce91.38±13.79be
), ArticleFig(id=1239232818325278847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1239222197315752875, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

各组脑组织炎症因子和ACh、ChAT、AChE水平比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别IL-1β/ng·L-1TNF-α/ng·L-1IL-6/pg·L-1
空白72.69±8.99349.65±27.5185.38±2.80
模型109.10±9.34540.90±11.42129.05±6.98
阳性对照64.32±6.14c423.61±45.41c74.63±2.54c
墙草碱低剂量67.35±2.63c474.56±21.95c74.74±3.67c
墙草碱中剂量65.99±2.99cd471.13±17.35cd70.71±8.37cd
墙草碱高剂量60.41±3.63cd363.74±27.39cd59.85±5.10ce
组别ACh/pmol·L-1ChAT/ pmol·L-1AChE/pg·mL-1
空白210.17±15.05158.70±14.44102.62±7.86
模型144.45±7.09141.75±5.20182.41±4.70
阳性对照186.02±21.19b179.75±16.14b106.57±6.05b
墙草碱低剂量141.75±5.20ae193.28±7.47cd93.89±10.18bd
墙草碱中剂量193.28±7.47cd210.15±5.39ce87.31±10.57be
墙草碱高剂量208.48±13.18cd225.17±16.71ce91.38±13.79be
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基于网络药理学及实验验证探究石南藤镇痛活性成分的作用机制
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唐婷婷 1, 2 , 石德志 1, 2 , 曹杰 1, 2 , 肖莲莲 1, 2 , 房雨彤 1, 2 , 李秋桐 1, 2 , 郑云枫 1, 2 , 嵇晶 1, 3 , 程建明 1, 2
中国新药与临床杂志 | 论著 2024,43(11): 866-872
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中国新药与临床杂志 | 论著 2024, 43(11): 866-872
基于网络药理学及实验验证探究石南藤镇痛活性成分的作用机制
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唐婷婷1, 2 , 石德志1, 2, 曹杰1, 2, 肖莲莲1, 2, 房雨彤1, 2, 李秋桐1, 2, 郑云枫1, 2, 嵇晶1, 3 , 程建明1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.南京中医药大学药学院,江苏 南京 210023
  • 2.江苏省经典名方工程研究中心,江苏 南京 210023
  • 3.中药学类国家级实验教学示范中心,江苏 南京 210023
  • 唐婷婷,女,博士在读,主要从事中药新药创制与转化应用的研究,E-mail:

    嵇晶,女,高级实验师,博士,主要从事中药质量研究,E-mail:

    程建明,男,博士,研究员,主要从事中药新剂型、新技术研究及其产品开发,E-mail:

通讯作者:

嵇晶,
程建明
Study on mechanism of analgesic active constituents from Piper wallichii based on network pharmacology and experimental verification
Ting-ting TANG1, 2 , De-zhi SHI1, 2, Jie CAO1, 2, Lian-lian XIAO1, 2, Yu-tong FANG1, 2, Qiu-tong LI1, 2, Yun-feng ZHENG1, 2, Jing JI1, 3 , Jian-ming CHENG1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing JIANGSU 210023, China
  • 2.Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Classical Prescription, Nanjing JIANGSU 210023, China
  • 3.National Experiment Teaching Center of Chinese Pharmacy, Nanjing JIANGSU 210023, China
出版时间: 2024-11-25 doi: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.11.12
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目的

探究石南藤镇痛活性成分的作用机制。

方法

采用网络药理学方法筛选石南藤镇痛相关的核心靶点,利用DAVID数据库进行GO功能富集分析和KEGG通路富集分析。经硅胶柱采用石油醚-乙酸乙酯分离系统体系梯度(95:5~50:50)洗脱石南藤阳离子洗脱液部位分离得墙草碱,用HPLC测定纯度。选择ICR小鼠随机分为空白组,阳性对照(阿司匹林120 mg·kg-1)组,模型组和墙草碱低、中、高剂量(150、300、600 mg·kg-1)值(均n=8),连续给药7 d,未次给药后,除空白组,各组按每10 g体重腹腔注射0.7%醋酸0.1 mL,考察各组小鼠扭体反应次数及潜伏期;ELISA法检测血清中肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、白细胞介素(IL)-6、IL-1β的含量,检测脑组织中胆碱乙酰转移酶(ChAT)、乙酰胆碱(ACh)、乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)的浓度。

结果

网络药理学结果显示,石南藤筛选出墙草碱、风藤酰胺等核心成分;富集到关键通路有神经信号传导通路、胆碱能突触通路等。分离墙草碱纯度为90.42%。动物实验显示,与模型组比较,墙草碱低、中、高剂量组扭体次数显著减少(P<0.05),血清中TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β含量显著降低(P<0.01);墙草碱三个剂量组脑组织中ChAT显著升高(P<0.01),中、高剂量组ACh浓度显著增加(P<0.01),低、中、高剂量组AChE浓度显著降低(P<0.05)。

结论

石南藤镇痛发挥镇痛的关键活性成分是墙草碱,通过上调ChAT、ACh活性和下调AChE参与胆碱能突触通路,减少疼痛。

石南藤  /  墙草碱  /  镇痛  /  网络药理学  /  胆碱能神经元
AIM

To investigate the analgesic mechanism of the active constituents of Piper wallichii.

METHODS

The core targets related to analgesia of Piper wallichii were screened by network pharmacology, and GO functional enrichment and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were carried out by DAVID database. The cationic elution site of Shinan vine was eluted by a silica gel column with a gradient(95:5-50:50)of petroleum ether-ethyl acetate separation system system to isolate the wallwort alkaloids, and the purity was determined by HPLC. Selected ICR mice were randomly divided into a blank group, positive control(aspirin 120 mg·kg-1)group, a model group, and low, medium, and high dose(150, 300, and 600 mg·kg-1)pellitorine groups(all n=8), and were administered continuously for 7 d. After the last administration, each group was injected intraperitoneally with 0.1 mL of 0.7% acetic acid for every 10 g of body weight except the blank group. The number of twisting responses and latency period in each group were examined. Serum levels of tumour necrosis factor(TNF)-α, interleukin(IL)-6 and IL-1β were detected by ELISA, and the concentrations of choline acetyltransferase(ChAT), acetylcholine(ACh), and acetylcholinesterase(AChE)were examined in brain tissues.

RESULTS

The network pharmacological results showed that Piper wallichii screened out the core components such as pellitorine and futoamide, and the key pathways such as nerve signalling pathway and cholinergic synaptic pathway. The purity of isolated pellitorine was 90.42%. Animal experiments showed that, compared with the model group, the number of twisting in the low, medium and high dose pellitorine groups was significantly reduced(P<0.05), and the content of TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1β in serum was significantly reduced(P<0.01). ChAT in the brain tissues of the three dose pellitorine groups were significantly higher(P<0.01), and the concentration of ACh in the medium and high dose pellitorine groups were significantly higher(P<0.01), and the AChE concentration of low, middle and high dose pellitorine groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION

The key active constituent in the analgesic effect of Piper wallichii is pellitorine, which is involved in the cholinergic synaptic pathway by up-regulating the activities of ChAT and ACh, and down-regulating AChE,thus reducing pain.

Piper wallichii  /  pellitorine  /  analgesia  /  network pharmacology  /  cholinergic neurons
唐婷婷, 石德志, 曹杰, 肖莲莲, 房雨彤, 李秋桐, 郑云枫, 嵇晶, 程建明. 基于网络药理学及实验验证探究石南藤镇痛活性成分的作用机制. 中国新药与临床杂志, 2024 , 43 (11) : 866 -872 . DOI: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.11.12
Ting-ting TANG, De-zhi SHI, Jie CAO, Lian-lian XIAO, Yu-tong FANG, Qiu-tong LI, Yun-feng ZHENG, Jing JI, Jian-ming CHENG. Study on mechanism of analgesic active constituents from Piper wallichii based on network pharmacology and experimental verification[J]. Chinese Journal of New Drugs and Clinical Remedies, 2024 , 43 (11) : 866 -872 . DOI: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.11.12
疼痛是一种与实际或潜在的组织损伤相关联的、不愉快的感觉和情绪情感复杂体验[1]。药物治疗是控制疼痛的常用方法,但会带来一定的不良反应[2]。中药在治疗疼痛方面的应用逐渐增多[3,4],其可从多靶点、多层面来治疗疼痛,并有价格低廉、毒副作用小等特点,备受医学界的关注。石南藤[Piper wallichii(Miq.)Hand.-Mazz.]为胡椒科属植物,有祛风湿、强腰膝、活血止痛功效[5],研究报道生物碱是胡椒科属的主要化学成分[6]。课题组前期研究表明石南藤阳离子洗脱液是发挥镇痛的有效部位,但镇痛作用是单一活性成分还是有效成分群尚未确定。目前,笔者尚未见石南藤镇痛的活性成分及其作用机制的报道。本研究结合网络药理学探讨石南藤镇痛的作用机制,通过硅胶柱层析系统分离石南藤阳离子镇痛活性部位,得纯度较高的墙草碱,结合动物模型对其机制进行验证,为临床应用及后续深入研发提供指导与依据。
石南藤基原较广泛,本研究石南藤是胡椒科植物石南藤或毛蒟[Piper puberulum(Benth.)Maxim.]的茎、叶或全株。利用中药系统药理学分析平台(TCMSP,http://tcmspw.com/index.php/)数据库[7]和欧洲生物信息研究所(EBI)开发的一个靶点与生物活性药物ChEMB数据库(http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl)全面检索石南藤有效成分及其相应靶点,根据口服利用度(OB)≥30%及类药性(DL)≥0.18进行筛选[8]。同时,通过文献检索补充石南藤的其他有效成分。一些有效成分如墙草碱(OB值23.81%、DL值0.06)不满足上述筛选条件,但通过前期课题组研究基础和文献检索发现上述成分有明确的抗炎作用[9],因此本类成分也作为本研究的候选有效成分。通过GeneCards数据库(http://www.genecards.org/)、TTD数据库检索出与镇痛相关基因。使用Oliveros, J.C.(2007-2015)Venny软件将药物靶点与疾病靶点取交集,并以韦恩图呈现,初步获得石南藤与镇痛交集靶点,即石南藤镇痛潜在作用靶点[10]
将石南藤治疗疼痛的潜在作用靶点上传至STRING 11.0数据库(https://string-db.org/),得到蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用(PPI)网络中关键节点基因。所得有效成分与镇痛交集靶点的数据输入Cytoscape 3.8.2软件(http://www.bioinformatics.com.cn/)中,构建“药物-成分-靶点”图。其中,节点代表石南藤有效成分、药物、靶点;边代表药物与药物、药物与成分、成分与靶点之间的相互关系。使用软件的“Network analyzer”插件对上述网络的节点度值进行分析,值越大,表示在网络中越重要[11]
将潜在作用靶点导入DAVID数据库(https://david.ncifcrf.gov/)、Metascape(https://metascape.org/)和微生物网址(http://www.bioinformatics.com.cn/),“Select Identifier”设置为“Official Gene Symbol”,“Select Species”设置为“Homo Sapiens”,设定P<0.05,实现GO功能富集分析和KEGG通路富集分析[12]
石南藤(江苏金氏丹科技有限公司,产地广西,批号20190826),经南京中医药大学刘训红教授鉴定为胡椒科植物石南藤或毛蒟的茎、叶或全株。阿司匹林(拜耳医药保健有限公司);冰乙酸(99.5 %分析纯,上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司),用蒸馏水配置成0.7 %备用;小鼠肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素(IL)-6、IL-1β、胆碱乙酰转移酶(ChAT)、乙酰胆碱(ACh)、乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)ELISA测试试剂盒(南京翼飞雪生物科技有限公司);D001大孔强酸性苯乙烯系阳离子树脂(北京索莱宝科技有限公司);墙草碱(上海源叶生物科技有限公司,纯度98 %,批号X06N11L130119)。
酶标仪(德国PerkinElmer公司),暗箱式紫外分析仪(上海宝山顾村电光仪器厂),Waters e2695高效液相色谱系统(含四元泵溶剂系统、在线脱气机和自动进样器)、Waters 2998型紫外检测器(PDA)(美国Waters公司),Tissuelyer-48组织研磨机(上海净信科技有限公司),大龙D3024R高速冷冻离心机(上海怡赛科学仪器有限公司)。
石南藤经醇提后再浓缩至0.4 g·mL-1生药备用。有效部位制备工艺是取2个柱体积(BV)0.4 g·mL-1生药的上样液,以2 BV·h-1流过阳离子吸附树脂,用5 BV的70%乙醇溶液洗脱,洗脱流速为2 BV·h-1,收集洗脱液,备用。取活化后的20 g硅胶,加入0.4 g·mL-1洗脱液100 mL,充分搅拌成匀浆,蒸干。取活化后的空白硅胶200 g装柱,加样后用空白硅胶10 g封口,石油醚-乙酸乙酯分离系统梯度洗脱(95 : 5 ~ 50 : 50),每50 mL接一个流分,一个梯度接20个流分[13]。收集流分,浓缩后加甲醇,进HPLC分析,合并相同的流分。
石南藤粉末日服量均为0.5 g·d-1。按女性人体平均体重60 kg计,剂量为0.008 3 g·kg-1,按体表面积系数换算成小鼠剂量为0.075 g·kg-1。墙草碱为石南藤指标性成分之一,低、中和高剂量组分别给予墙草碱150、300、600 mg·kg-1,阳性对照选用阿司匹林(120 mg·kg-1)。
ICR小鼠18~22 g 48只,雌雄各半,SPF级。许可证号为(沪)2017-0005,购于上海斯莱克实验动物有限责任公司,合格证编号:20170005061044。取健康ICR小鼠48只,雌雄各半,在实验室适应7 d后,随机分为6组,每组8只,即空白组,模型组,阳性对照(阿司匹林120 mg·kg-1)组和墙草碱低、中、高剂量(150、300、600 mg·kg-1)组,空白组、模型组灌胃给予等量生理盐水(0.01 mL·g-1),其余各组小鼠按每10g体重0.1 mL灌胃给予相应药物,每日1次,连续7 d。末次给药后1 h,除空白组,各组按每10 g体重腹腔注射0.7%醋酸0.1 mL。
观察并记录各鼠扭体反应的潜伏期和30 min扭体反应的次数(以腹部凹陷、臀部歪扭、身体扭曲或抽胯为扭体指标)。计算小鼠的镇痛率。镇痛率(%)=(模型组扭体次数-给药组扭体次数)/模型组扭体次数×100%
采用ELISA法。给药第7日后,麻醉小鼠后收集所有小鼠眼底静脉血液,4 ℃ 3 500×g离心10 min,收集上清液。用ELISA试剂盒检测小鼠TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β含量。
采用ELISA法。给药第7日后,收集所有小鼠脑组织,称重后匀浆,4 ℃ 12 000×g离心10 min,收集上清液。用ELISA试剂盒检测脑组织中ChAT、ACh、AChE浓度[14]
实验数据均以表示。运用GraphPad Prism 8.3.0统计软件对实验数据进行分析。组间比较采用t检验,P<0.05为有显著差异。
文献报道石南藤黄酮类成分均不是胡椒科石南藤的有效成分,利用数据库筛选胡椒科石南藤5个活性成分见表1,化学成分作用靶点28个,疾病相关靶点1 069个。将药物与疾病靶点绘制韦恩图,见图1。药物与疾病相关靶点交集于13个靶基因,即为石南藤镇痛的潜在作用靶点,部分预测靶点见表2
PPI网络图中共有13个节点,其中节点度值大于0.8的靶点包括ADRB2、ADRB1、CHRND、CHRNA1、CHRNA4,表明其可能是石南藤发挥镇痛作用的主要靶点,在治疗镇痛发挥主要作用,见图2。PPI生成网络包含节点33个,有效成分节点4个,交集靶点28个;含边43条。网络中较为重要的成分为风藤酰胺、荜菝明宁碱、几内亚胡椒酰胺、墙草碱,节点度值分别为15、12、10、8。风藤酰胺与ADRB1等关联,荜菝明宁碱与NOS3等关联,几内亚胡椒酰胺与ROS等关联,墙草碱与CHRNA4等关联,见图3
基于DAVID数据库,GO富集获得生物过程(BP)条目39条、细胞组成(CC)条目10条、分子功能(MF)条目14条,根据Count值(P<0.05)分别筛选前10个条目,见图4。BP主要包括胆碱能突触传递、神经肌突触传递、褐色脂肪细胞分化等条目,CC主要包括细胞质膜、细胞连接、ACh门控通道复合体等条目,MF主要包括ACh结合、ACh激活的阳离子选择性通道活性、ACh受体活性等条目。KEGG富集分析结果共得到9条富集通路,见图5。按富集基因顺序排序取前3信号通路为神经信号传递通路、钙离子信号通路和cAMP信号通路,与墙草碱有关的作用通路为钙离子信号通路和胆碱能突触通路。
梯度为石油醚-乙酸乙酯体系(75:25),经过HPLC分析第5 ~ 20流分得墙草碱单个成分,其中第20流分,见图6。墙草碱纯度约90.42%,合并相同流分,用于后续药效实验的样品。
与模型组相比,墙草碱低、中、高剂量组小鼠扭体次数显著减少(P<0.05),呈量效趋势;墙草碱高剂量组扭体潜伏期显著延长(P<0.05)。墙草碱高剂量组扭体次数显著少于阳性对照组(P<0.05),扭体潜伏期长于阳性对照组但无显著差异(P>0.05)。见表3。墙草碱低、中、高剂量组和阳性对照组的镇痛率分别为37.91%、39.53%、53.95%和30.70%。
与模型组相比,墙草碱低、中、高剂量组和阳性对照组血清IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6水平均显著降低(P<0.01)。见表4
与模型组比较,墙草碱中、高剂量组和阳性对照组ACh、ChAT浓度显著升高(P<0.05),墙草碱低、中、高剂量组和阳性对照组AChE浓度均显著下降(P<0.05),见表4
前期研究表明石南藤阳离子洗脱液部位是发挥镇痛的有效部位[14],墙草碱作为石南藤阳离子洗脱液部位的指标性成分,含量高且占活性部位生物碱的9.18%,探究石南藤发挥镇痛的有效成分群或者单一成分及其作用机制,具有较大的研究意义。因此,结合网络药理学和实验验证的方法,选取石南藤中墙草碱进行初步的作用机制研究。
网络药理学研究表现,墙草碱是石南藤发挥镇痛的成分之一,由于其他活性成分的鉴定及分离纯化工艺研究较少,且难以购买对照品,研究困难,本研究重点验证了墙草碱的活性。与墙草碱有关的作用通路是钙离子信号通路、胆碱能突触通路[15,16]。田甜等[17]认为墙草碱是离子通道TRPV1的拮抗剂,对外界引起的各种疼痛都有抑制作用。胆碱能突触通路中胆碱能抗炎通路目前研究较多。胆碱能抗炎通路存在于中枢神经系统与免疫系统之间,通过迷走神经及其递质ACh与免疫系统相互作用[18],机体在受到强烈应激刺激时,通过神经及其递质抑制炎症,达到减少疼痛的作用[19]
本研究中动物炎症实验采用了醋酸致痛模型,结果显示墙草碱所有剂量组均能显著减少醋酸诱导小鼠扭体次数,具有镇痛作用。与石南藤阳离子有效部位实验结果比较,在相同给药剂量下(150 mg·kg-1),墙草碱低剂量组镇痛率是37.91%,提示墙草碱是石南藤中发挥镇痛的主要活性成分。ELISA检测结果表明,与模型组相比,墙草碱低、中、高剂量组血清IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6水平均显著降低,促炎性细胞因子水平显著降低。ACh作为胆碱能突触的中枢介质[20,21],在胆碱能突触通路中起着重要作用。与模型组比较,墙草碱中、高剂量组ChAT、ACh浓度显著升高,这说明墙草碱不同剂量对醋酸致小鼠的ChAT蛋白和ACh蛋白表达均有促进作用;墙草碱不同剂量组对AChE均有抑制作用。
综上所述,墙草碱是石南藤发挥镇痛物质基础的关键活性成分,通过促进ACh释放,增加ChAT的活性,降低AChE的活性来影响脑组织胆碱突触通路,从而抑制血清中IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6的含量,达到减少疼痛的作用。
  • 江苏省科技厅科技项目(BK20181424)
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2024年第43卷第11期
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doi: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.11.12
  • 首发时间:2026-03-13
  • 出版时间:2024-11-25
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  • 录用日期:2024-02-26
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江苏省科技厅科技项目(BK20181424)
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    1.南京中医药大学药学院,江苏 南京 210023
    2.江苏省经典名方工程研究中心,江苏 南京 210023
    3.中药学类国家级实验教学示范中心,江苏 南京 210023

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嵇晶,
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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