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Klin Onkol, 2021, 34(6): 434-439., articleTitle=Erdheim-Chester disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239232814810460549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1239222195562541778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=135, issue=16, pageStart=1311, pageEnd=1318, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=HAROCHE J, COHEN-AUBART F, AMOURA Z, journalName=Blood, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HAROCHE J, COHEN-AUBART F, AMOURA Z. Erdheim-Chester disease[J]. 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Blood, 2020, 135(22):1929-1945., articleTitle=Erdheim-Chester disease: consensus recommendations for evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment in the molecular era, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239232815125033360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1239222195562541778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=14, issue=2, pageStart=169, pageEnd=174, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=王志芳, 常春康, 章振林, journalName=中华骨质疏松和骨矿盐疾病杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王志芳, 常春康, 章振林. 以双下肢疼痛为主要表现的Erdheim-Chester病一例[J]. 中华骨质疏松和骨矿盐疾病杂志, 2021, 14(2): 169-174., articleTitle=以双下肢疼痛为主要表现的Erdheim-Chester病一例, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239232815221502355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1239222195562541778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=93, issue=5, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=COHEN-AUBART F, EMILE JF, CARRAT F, journalName=Am J Hematol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=COHEN-AUBART F, EMILE JF, CARRAT F, et al. Phenotypes and survival in Erdheim-Chester disease: results from a 165-patient cohort[J]. Am J Hematol, 2018, 93(5): E1147., articleTitle=Phenotypes and survival in Erdheim-Chester disease: results from a 165-patient cohort, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239232815338942871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1239222195562541778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=135, issue=16, pageStart=1311, pageEnd=1318, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=JULIEN H, FLEUR COHEN A, ZAHIRAMOU A, journalName=Blood Review Series, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JULIEN H, FLEUR COHEN A, ZAHIRAMOU A, et al. Erdheim-Chester disease[J]. Blood Review Series, 2020, 135(16):1311-1318., articleTitle=Erdheim-Chester disease, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239232815431217563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1239222195562541778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=29, issue=12, pageStart=1, pageEnd=2, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=佚名, journalName=中国实用乡村医生杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=佚名. Erdheim-Chester病[J]. 中国实用乡村医生杂志2022, 29(12):1-2., articleTitle=Erdheim-Chester病, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239232815510909343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1239222195562541778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=37, issue=7, pageStart=298, pageEnd=302, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=AGGARWAL A, TAYCHERT M, HASANIN L, journalName=Oncology(Williston Park), refType=null, unstructuredReference=AGGARWAL A, TAYCHERT M, HASANIN L,et al. Erdheim-Chester disease: a case report of BRAF V600E negative, MAP2K1-positive ECD diagnosed by blood next generation sequencing assay and a brief literature review[J]. Oncology(Williston Park),2023, 37(7):298-302., articleTitle=Erdheim-Chester disease: a case report of BRAF V600E negative, MAP2K1-positive ECD diagnosed by blood next generation sequencing assay and a brief literature review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239232815594795427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1239222195562541778, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=135, issue=16, pageStart=1311, pageEnd=1318, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=HAROCHE J, COHEN-AUBART F, AMOURA Z, journalName=Blood, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HAROCHE J, COHEN-AUBART F, AMOURA Z. Erdheim-Chester disease[J]. 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箭头为纵隔内异常占位

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箭头为右心房占位

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PR间期106 ms,窦性心动过缓

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箭头示FDG代谢增高

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箭头示主动脉旁、主动脉全程周围以及肾周弥漫低密度影

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快速心房扑动,最长RR间期9.27 s

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肺间质呈网格样,箭头示肾周、上腔静脉低密度影

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箭头示低密度骨质破坏、骨硬化

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左图为平扫,箭头示右房占位;右图为增强,箭头示可见强化

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维莫非尼治疗以右心房占位为首诊的Erdheim-Chester病1例
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杨开燕 1 , 魏惠平 1 , 庄晓峰 2 , 李淑玲 1 , 王洁 1 , 王新强 1
中国新药与临床杂志 | 合理用药 2024,43(11): 873-876
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中国新药与临床杂志 | 合理用药 2024, 43(11): 873-876
维莫非尼治疗以右心房占位为首诊的Erdheim-Chester病1例
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杨开燕1 , 魏惠平1 , 庄晓峰2, 李淑玲1, 王洁1, 王新强1
作者信息
  • 1.甘肃中医药大学附属医院 心血管一科,甘肃 兰州 730020
  • 2.中国医学科学院阜外医院心力衰竭中心,北京 100037
  • 杨开燕,女,主治医师,硕士,主要从事心血管疾病临床研究,E-mail:

    魏惠平,女,主任医师,博士,主要从事心血管疾病临床研究,E-mail:

通讯作者:

魏惠平
A case of Erdheim-Chester disease with right atrial occupation as first diagnosis treated with vemurafenib
Kai-yan YANG1 , Hui-ping WEI1 , Xiao-feng ZHUANG2, Shu-ling LI1, Jie WANG1, Xin-qiang WANG1
Affiliations
  • 1.Cardiovascular Ward 1, Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou GANSU 730020,China
  • 2.Heart Failure Center of Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, BEIJING 100037, China
出版时间: 2024-11-25 doi: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.11.13
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埃德海姆-切斯特病  /  维莫非尼  /  右心房  /  BRAF激酶
Erdheim-Chester disease  /  vemurafenib  /  right atrium  /  BRAF kinases
杨开燕, 魏惠平, 庄晓峰, 李淑玲, 王洁, 王新强. 维莫非尼治疗以右心房占位为首诊的Erdheim-Chester病1例. 中国新药与临床杂志, 2024 , 43 (11) : 873 -876 . DOI: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.11.13
Kai-yan YANG, Hui-ping WEI, Xiao-feng ZHUANG, Shu-ling LI, Jie WANG, Xin-qiang WANG. A case of Erdheim-Chester disease with right atrial occupation as first diagnosis treated with vemurafenib[J]. Chinese Journal of New Drugs and Clinical Remedies, 2024 , 43 (11) : 873 -876 . DOI: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.11.13
Erdheim-Chester病(Erdheim-Chester disease,ECD)是一种罕见的非朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生性疾病,主要以CD68+ CD1a-为主的富含脂质的泡沫细胞在骨骼及多器官系统浸润,临床表现复杂多样,误诊率高。本文报道1例因右心房占位而就诊的患者,以全主动脉周围、肾脏周围、骨骼、肺部受累为主,结合临床表现、放射学、组织病理学综合诊断为ECD,通过维莫非尼治疗后临床症状及影像表现均明显好转。笔者对该案例进行梳理总结,以期为临床实践提供思路。
患者,女性,70岁,2023年10月20日主因“胸闷憋气2月”入院。患者2个月前因活动后胸闷憋气,双下肢水肿,食欲下降,当地医院多次就诊,查心脏超声:双房增大,左心房(LA)45 mm,右心房(RA)40 mm×55 mm。胸部CT:双肺多发小叶间隔、叶间裂增厚,双肺多发斑片状磨玻璃影;纵隔内异常占位信号(图1),予对症治疗后出院。院外仍感气短,逐渐出现夜间不能平卧,不思饮食,于本次入院前1日在本院门诊查心脏超声:双房增大(LA 43 mm,RA 40 mm×52 mm),RA占位,顶部一实性中等回声,边缘欠光滑,大小24 mm×13 mm(图2)。为明确右心房占位性质,遂于2023年10月20日住院。近半年体重下降10 kg。
既往史:2022年5月因右小腿中上端肿痛,自行外用“膏药”后消退。2022年12月因左小腿中上端肿痛,查双侧胫腓骨正侧位拍片:双侧股骨下段、胫骨骨质密度不均。遂行左小腿创面扩创及创面封闭式负压引流术,术后诊断:化脓性骨髓炎、小腿感染性肌炎。
入院后查体:生命体征平稳,30度卧位休息,颈静脉怒张,肝颈静脉回流征阳性,双肺呼吸音粗,两肺底可闻及湿啰音。心界不大,心律齐,心率55次·min-1,心脏各瓣膜听诊区未闻及病理性杂音。双下肢重度凹陷性浮肿。查C反应蛋白40 mg·L-1;心电图:窦性心动过缓,心率56次·min-1,PR间期106 ms(图3)。全身PET-CT:(1)右心房两处附壁宽基底条状影伴氟代脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)摄取增高,SUVmax4.3。(2)大血管周围可见主动脉鞘层,即主动脉周围多发条片影包绕伴FDG代谢稍高;双侧胸膜及心包膜增厚伴FDG代谢稍高,SUVmax1.5;腹膜后间隙受累,SUVmax1.2。(3)双肾体积增大,呈“毛状肾”,即肾周、输尿管周围及腹膜后见多发条索及条片影,SUVmax1.6。(4)颅面骨及中轴骨多发骨质硬化伴局部FDG代谢增高,SUVmax7.5;骶管内条形FDG代谢增高,SUVmax3.6。(5)升结肠及乙状结肠局部生理性摄取或炎性改变。腹腔及腹膜后散在反应性增生的淋巴结,SUVmax4.1(图4)。全主动脉CT:(1)主动脉全程周围弥漫低密度影包绕;(2)腹腔各分支动脉周围弥漫低密度影包绕;(3)右心房增大,右心房顶后壁条片状低密度影,范围30 mm×12 mm,右心房室沟、心包内、纵隔内多发低密度影。双侧肾窦、肾门、肾周、腹膜后间隙弥漫低密度影,呈对称性分布;(4)双肺小叶间隔、叶间裂增厚,双侧中量胸腔积液(图5)。
根据以上检查提示,患者病变累及多器官、多系统,考虑:(1)系统性疾病?(2)肿瘤?进一步查血管炎三项、抗核抗体谱、抗磷脂综合征检测、免疫球蛋白、性腺激素、生长激素均正常。行胸水穿刺抽液:胸水颜色为淡黄色,经检测为渗出液。住院期间患者反复出现阵发性快速心房颤动、心房扑动,平均心室率130~160次·min-1,予艾司洛尔注射液治疗后转复为窦性心律,转复过程中可见交界性逸搏心律,长RR间期,最长9.27 s,伴大汗,血压下降至70/40 mmHg(图6),遂行永久型双腔起搏器置入。胸部CT:(1)双肺间质呈网格样改变;双肺胸膜增厚。(2)纵隔内低密度影,上腔静脉-右心腔-主肺动脉见低密度影(图7)。膝关节正侧位X线拍片:骨质内可见多发低密度骨质破坏区,边缘可见多发骨硬化(图8)。心脏MRI平扫:右心房顶后壁及耳部结节样增厚,与房壁宽基底相连,范围约22 mm×14 mm×33 mm,呈T1、T2等信号;增强:右房壁结节样增厚,首过灌注轻度强化,无明显延迟强化(图9)。结合患者既往2022年12月病史,将当地医院左胫骨中上端病理蜡块再次进行病理检查,结果:大量泡沫样组织细胞。免疫组化:CD68(+),CD163(+),溶菌酶(++),S-100(+),CD1a(-),VM(+),CD30(-),CK1/3(-)。基因检测:BRAFV600E突变。
综合患者病史及检查结果,最终诊断为ECD,又称脂质肉芽肿病。住院期间予干扰素α2α 300万国际单位sc tiw,基因结果出来后改为维莫非尼片(商品名:佐博伏,规格为每片240 mg,罗氏制药)靶向治疗以及对症治疗(包括抗凝、纠正心衰、抗心律失常),症状好转出院。出院后规范口服药物:利伐沙班15 mg po qd、决奈达隆400 mg po bid、维莫非尼480 mg po bid。出院1个月后(2023年12月22日)随访,诉无胸闷、气促发作,食欲正常,日常活动不受限。复查心脏超声:(1)LA 42 mm,RA 42 mm×53 mm。(2)右房顶后侧不均质回声,大小25.8 mm×13 mm(与2023年9月14日在同一家医院检查比较,双房大小以及右房占位均有所减小),远期效果有待于进一步随访。
ECD是一种罕见的系统性非郎格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生性疾病,1930年以“类脂质肉芽肿病”被首次报道,1972年被命名为Erdheim-Chester病。由于该病的罕见性,临床误诊率和漏诊率高,部分患者经过多次组织病理检查后才能确诊[1]。目前认为ECD是一种以丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号通路激活为特征的克隆性血液系统肿瘤,属于一种炎性髓系肿瘤[2]。ECD的总体发病率不详,至2019年全世界约有1 500例ECD报道[3]。中老年发病多见,中位发病年龄为55~60岁,儿童病例罕见,男女发病率无明显差异。
ECD主要特征是富含脂质的泡沫细胞在骨骼及多器官系统浸润,临床表现多样,可为无症状的单一病变,也可以表现为危及生命的多系统损害[4]。ECD主要累及部位及临床表现:(1)骨骼系统:最常见的表现为长骨骨硬化,溶骨性骨质破坏[5,6],部分患者出现骨痛。(2)心血管系统:CT扫描可见整个主动脉鞘层(“包裹主动脉”),是ECD的典型特征,在40%的患者中可见。右心房假性肿瘤是ECD的另一典型特征,在36%的患者中可见[7]。(3)泌尿、肾、腹膜后浸润:三分之一的ECD患者中可观察到“腹膜后纤维化”,并发肾积水。腹部CT扫描显示63%的患者肾周有脂肪浸润(毛状肾)。(4)肺部表现:胸部CT可见胸膜以及肺实质浸润,呈肺间质性病变。(5)内分泌表现:MRI检查可见垂体、睾丸或肾上腺浸润,出现尿崩症、高催乳素血症、促卵泡生成素及促黄体生成素缺乏。(6)皮肤表现:黄斑瘤是ECD最常见的皮肤表现[8]。(7)其他表现:神经系统、肠和肝脏受累等。实验室检查:80%的患者血清C反应蛋白升高。ECD患者通常存在炎症因子激活,如干扰素α、白细胞介素(IL)-1、IL-4、IL-6、IL-7和肿瘤坏死因子-α等[9]。全身和局部炎症是器官损伤的主要驱动因素。组织细胞学:镜下可见富含脂质的泡沫样组织细胞浸润,周围为纤维化或黄色肉芽肿,可见多核巨细胞,但少部分ECD患者组织细胞学缺乏泡沫细胞或多核巨细胞。免疫组化:CD68(+),CD163(+),F XIII a(+),CD1a(-),CD207(+)。基因检测:50%~70%的ECD患者病变组织存在着RAS-RAF-MEK通路中BRAFV600E基因突变;10%~20%患者存在MAPK/胞外信号调节激酶(ERK)通路中其他的基因(如MAP2K1NRASKRASARAF等)突变。
ECD的诊断需要结合典型的临床表现、影像学特征和病理学特征[10,11]。本例患者临床表现多样,累及多系统,可见长骨骨硬化、骨质破坏,毛状肾,主动脉鞘层,右心房假性肿瘤,肺间质性病变;组织病理学可见泡沫样组织细胞,周围为纤维化,可见Touton巨细胞;免疫组化染色CD68(+),CD163(+),CD1a(-)。基因检测:可见BRAFV600E突变。综上分析应作出ECD的诊断。
治疗方案包括(1)靶向治疗[12]BRAFV600E突变,采用BRAF抑制剂,代表药物维莫非尼、达拉非尼。基于VE-BASKET试验[13]的结果,维莫非尼被美国食品和药物管理局批准用于BRAFV600E突变的ECD患者。有病例报道维莫非尼治疗BRAFV600E突变的晚期黑色素瘤达病理完全缓解[14]。针对ARAFKRASMAP2K1突变,采用MEK抑制剂,代表药物考比替尼、曲美替尼。PIK3CA突变表现出mTOR通路的激活,采用mTOR抑制剂,代表药物西罗莫司、依维莫司;ARAFS214A突变,使用其他酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,代表药物伊马替尼;CSF1R突变,采用唑替尼。(2)常规疗法:①干扰素-α和聚乙二醇化干扰素,以此为基础的治疗方案已证明可以提高BRAF野生型患者生存率,但自2012年以后BRAF抑制剂和MEK抑制剂靶向治疗的有效性得到的肯定,通过抑制突变激酶的活性,阻止这种突变细胞的增殖和诱导死亡,抑制肿瘤细胞的增长,相应的临床症状好转,影像学指征恢复正常,最终改善患者的预后。干扰素-α是早期ECD治疗的最佳选择,且治疗是长期的,但伴有一些不良反应,如抑郁和疲劳。与靶向治疗相比,基于干扰素-α的治疗反应通常要慢,也更局部。②细胞因子定向治疗,如IL-1、IL-6受体拮抗剂。③细胞毒性化疗,如环磷酰胺、长春新碱。④皮质类固醇和免疫抑制剂,如甲氨蝶呤。⑤手术和放射治疗,手术切除通常不能治愈,放射治疗对ECD通常不敏感。本例患者通过纠正心衰、抗凝、抗心律失常及靶向治疗后胸闷气短好转,水肿消失,病情好转出院。
综上所述,患有难以解释的多系统慢性疾病的成人应考虑ECD,怀疑ECD后应进行组织活检,全身MRI成像或FDG-PET扫描是评估全身受累的必要手段,细胞因子定向治疗或干扰素-α对轻症病例有帮助,但靶向治疗适用于进展性或危及生命的疾病[15]。临床上对此疾病的认识尚不充分,诊断及治疗均存在困难,有待累积病例,进一步总结经验,以指导诊疗。本例患者溯源,结合既往史,其病程为1年余,起初为小腿肿痛,误诊为骨髓炎,而本次因右心房占位而就诊明确诊断为ECD,病变累及全身多个系统,住院期间出现心律失常,符合心动过缓-心动过速综合征,考虑心脏传导系统受累,既往文献报道不多,采用BRAF抑制剂维莫非尼靶向治疗后,短期内随访示症状改善明显,复查各项化验指标明显好转。我们将长期追踪该病患转归以进一步加深对该病的疗效及预后的认识。
  • 甘肃省中医药科研课题(GZKZ-2020-9)
  • 甘肃省自然科学基金(21JR7RA581)
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2024年第43卷第11期
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doi: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.11.13
  • 接收时间:2024-01-15
  • 首发时间:2026-03-13
  • 出版时间:2024-11-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-15
  • 录用日期:2024-09-02
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甘肃省中医药科研课题(GZKZ-2020-9)
甘肃省自然科学基金(21JR7RA581)
作者信息
    1.甘肃中医药大学附属医院 心血管一科,甘肃 兰州 730020
    2.中国医学科学院阜外医院心力衰竭中心,北京 100037

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魏惠平
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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