Article(id=1239222192878179199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, issueId=1239222192311948159, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.11.04, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1664899200000, receivedDateStr=2022-10-05, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1727107200000, acceptedDateStr=2024-09-24, onlineDate=1773383194417, onlineDateStr=2026-03-13, pubDate=1732464000000, pubDateStr=2024-11-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773383194417, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773383194417, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773383194417, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1239222192311948159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, year='2024', volume='43', issue='11', pageStart='801', pageEnd='880', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1773383194282, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773384015681, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1239225637551002124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, issueId=1239222192311948159, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1239225637551002125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, issueId=1239222192311948159, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=820, endPage=824, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1239222193192752002, articleId=1239222192878179199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, language=EN, title=A new drug in treatment of acne vulgaris: trifarotene, columnId=1239174991388930543, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of New Drugs and Clinical Remedies, columnName=New Drug Introduction, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Acne vulgaris is one of the most common skin diseases in dermatology. Retinoids are commonly used in the treatment of this disease. Trifarotene is derived from CD437, a triaryl skeleton lead compound with retinoic acid receptor subtype selectivity, after the optimization of receptor structure. It is called the fourth generation retinoic acid anti-acne drug because of its high selectivity for retinoic acid γ receptor(RAR-γ). In October 2019, trifarotene was approved by the U.S.Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of acne vulgaris in patients aged 9 and above. Clinical trials have shown that trifarotene is safe, effective and well tolerated in the treatment of acne vulgaris, which has a good clinical application prospect.

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寻常痤疮是皮肤科最常见的皮肤病之一,类视黄醇类药物是治疗该疾病常用的临床药物。trifarotene采用具有视黄酸受体亚型选择性的三芳基骨架化合物CD437为先导化合物,通过受体结构的优化方式衍生而来,由于对视黄酸受体-γ(RAR-γ)具有高度选择性,被称作第四代类视黄醇类抗痤疮药。2019年10月,trifarotene获美国食品和药物管理局批准上市,用于治疗9岁及以上年龄患者的寻常痤疮。临床试验表明,trifarotene治疗寻常痤疮安全、有效,患者耐受性好,具有较好的临床应用前景。

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张勇
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马琳,女,硕士在读,主要从事药物合成的研究,E-mail:

张勇,男,教授,博士,主要从事药物合成工艺及质量控制、糖尿病及神经退行性疾病治疗药物的研究,E-mail:

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Participant reported outcomes with use of trifarotene 50 μg/g cream in the treatment of moderate facial and truncal acne vulgaris[EB/OL].(2021-12-15)[2024-09-08].https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03915860?term=NCT03915860&rank=1&tab=results., articleTitle=Participant reported outcomes with use of trifarotene 50 μg/g cream in the treatment of moderate facial and truncal acne vulgaris, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239232810595177423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1239222192878179199, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=15, issue=7, pageStart=E53, pageEnd=E59, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=16, authorNames=del ROSSO JQ, JOHNSON SM, SCHLESINGER T, journalName=J Clin Aesthet Dermatol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=del ROSSO JQ, JOHNSON SM, SCHLESINGER T, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of trifarotene plus doxycycline for severe acne vulgaris[J]. 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A study comparing trifarotene cream 0.005% to AKLIEF® cream in the treatment of acne vulgaris[EB/OL].(2023-10-02)[2024-09-08]. https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06063473?term=NCT06063473&rank=1., articleTitle=A study comparing trifarotene cream 0.005% to AKLIEF® cream in the treatment of acne vulgaris, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239232811064939497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1239222192878179199, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=34, issue=1, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=21, authorNames=DRAELOS ZD, journalName=J Dermatolog Treat, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DRAELOS ZD. Low irritation potential of tazarotene 0.045% lotion:head-to-head comparison to adapalene 0.3% gel and trifarotene 0.005% cream in two studies[J]. 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治疗寻常痤疮新药:trifarotene
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马琳 , 王楚婷 , 张勇
中国新药与临床杂志 | 新药介绍 2024,43(11): 820-824
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中国新药与临床杂志 | 新药介绍 2024, 43(11): 820-824
治疗寻常痤疮新药:trifarotene
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马琳 , 王楚婷, 张勇
作者信息
  • 河北科技大学 化学与制药工程学院,河北 石家庄 050018
  • 马琳,女,硕士在读,主要从事药物合成的研究,E-mail:

    张勇,男,教授,博士,主要从事药物合成工艺及质量控制、糖尿病及神经退行性疾病治疗药物的研究,E-mail:

通讯作者:

张勇
A new drug in treatment of acne vulgaris: trifarotene
Lin MA , Chu-ting WANG, Yong ZHANG
Affiliations
  • School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang HEBEI 050018, China
出版时间: 2024-11-25 doi: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.11.04
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寻常痤疮是皮肤科最常见的皮肤病之一,类视黄醇类药物是治疗该疾病常用的临床药物。trifarotene采用具有视黄酸受体亚型选择性的三芳基骨架化合物CD437为先导化合物,通过受体结构的优化方式衍生而来,由于对视黄酸受体-γ(RAR-γ)具有高度选择性,被称作第四代类视黄醇类抗痤疮药。2019年10月,trifarotene获美国食品和药物管理局批准上市,用于治疗9岁及以上年龄患者的寻常痤疮。临床试验表明,trifarotene治疗寻常痤疮安全、有效,患者耐受性好,具有较好的临床应用前景。

trifarotene  /  寻常痤疮  /  类视黄醇  /  视黄酸受体-γ

Acne vulgaris is one of the most common skin diseases in dermatology. Retinoids are commonly used in the treatment of this disease. Trifarotene is derived from CD437, a triaryl skeleton lead compound with retinoic acid receptor subtype selectivity, after the optimization of receptor structure. It is called the fourth generation retinoic acid anti-acne drug because of its high selectivity for retinoic acid γ receptor(RAR-γ). In October 2019, trifarotene was approved by the U.S.Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of acne vulgaris in patients aged 9 and above. Clinical trials have shown that trifarotene is safe, effective and well tolerated in the treatment of acne vulgaris, which has a good clinical application prospect.

trifarotene  /  acne vulgaris  /  retinoids  /  retinoic acid receptor gamma
马琳, 王楚婷, 张勇. 治疗寻常痤疮新药:trifarotene. 中国新药与临床杂志, 2024 , 43 (11) : 820 -824 . DOI: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.11.04
Lin MA, Chu-ting WANG, Yong ZHANG. A new drug in treatment of acne vulgaris: trifarotene[J]. Chinese Journal of New Drugs and Clinical Remedies, 2024 , 43 (11) : 820 -824 . DOI: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.11.04
寻常痤疮是一种慢性炎症性皮肤病。2019年全球疾病、伤害和风险因素负担研究表明,近三十年,痤疮一直是困扰10~24岁人群健康的一种常见皮肤病,占2019年全球伤残调整寿命年总影响因素的1.6%,较1990年增长了0.5%[1]。寻常痤疮的发病机制复杂,包括毛囊过度角化、皮脂分泌增多、痤疮丙酸杆菌过度生长、炎症和免疫反应等[2]。该病的临床治疗以物理疗法和药物疗法为主,类视黄醇类药物(retinoid drugs,也称维A酸类药物)一直是治疗寻常痤疮的主要药物[3]。trifarotene(Tri)由瑞士Galderma公司研发,于2019年10月经美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)批准上市,用于治疗9岁及以上年龄患者的寻常痤疮,是第一个上市的选择性视黄酸受体(retinoic acid receptor,RAR)-γ激动剂[4]
既往对RAR配体结合域(ligand binding domain,LBD)的研究发现,RAR-γ激动剂的选择性是因为该类激动剂的羟基与RAR272号位置的甲硫氨酸残基形成了氢键。基于该发现,Galderma公司对具有RAR-γ选择性的化合物CD437进行了结构改造和优化,最终发现了具有RAR-γ高度选择性的化合物CD5879,即Tri[5]。相较于RAR-α和RAR-β,Tri对RAR-γ的亲和力最强,是一类新型的RAR-γ激动剂[4]。Tri的分子式为C29H33NO4,分子量为459.58,结构式见图1。目前该药已在美国、英国、法国批准上市,但尚未在我国上市。本文对Tri作用机制、药动学、药物相互作用、临床试验和安全性进行介绍,以期为临床选用该药治疗寻常痤疮提供参考。
类视黄醇核受体与痤疮之间关联密切。类视黄醇类化合物可以通过类视黄醇核受体调节皮肤角化过程,减少角质形成和毛囊堵塞,从而改善痤疮症状。类视黄醇核受体包括RAR和类视黄醇X受体(retinoid X receptor,RXR),每种受体都有α、β和γ 3种亚型[6]。类视黄醇类抗痤疮药一般通过与RAR的LBD活性位点结合来激活RAR,从而影响功能基因的表达,调控细胞的生长、分化、增殖和凋亡[7]。皮肤表皮中的RAR以RAR-γ的表达最多,占比高达90%[6]。RAR-γ可以调节细胞的终末分化,因此药物对RAR-γ的选择性是发挥作用的关键[7]。针对Tri的RAR选择性的研究证实,Tri对RAR-γ具有高度选择性,可有效避免作用于RAR-β而引发的皮肤刺激作用[8]。此外,Tri可以有效缓解炎症,调节痤疮病变相关的通路,包括减轻炎症反应、调节角化过程、减少皮脂分泌以及抑制细菌生长等[9,10]。研究还发现,Tri具有促进粉刺溶解及预防微粉刺形成、改善皮肤水合作用、影响皮肤屏障功能以及改善皮肤纹理等作用。
AUBERT等[8]开展的体外实验发现,Tri在角质细胞中代谢稳定,半衰期超过24 h;Tri在肝微粒中代谢迅速,半衰期只有5 min。两项Ⅱ期临床最大用量试验(maximal usage trial,MUsT)MUsT1[11]和MUsT2[12]研究了Tri乳膏的药动学特征。在MUsT1试验中,39例18~34岁重度痤疮患者被随机分为组1(n=21,给予50 μg·g-1 Tri乳膏治疗)和组2(n=18,给予100 μg·g-1 Tri乳膏治疗),给药29 d,人均给药量为2 g·d-1。结果,组1有37%的患者血药浓度峰值(cmax)为5~10 pg·mL-1,0~24 h药时曲线下面积(AUC0-24h)为75~104 pg·h·mL-1;组2有61%的患者cmax为(11±8)pg·mL-1,第15日达到稳态,AUC0-24h为(119 ±53)pg·h·mL-1;两组患者达到cmax的时间均为4 h左右。在MUsT2试验中,35例10~17岁的中重度痤疮患者被随机分为组1(n=18,给予50 μg·g-1 Tri乳膏治疗)和组2(n=17,给予100 μg·g-1 Tri乳膏治疗),用药29 d,人均给药量为1.1~2 g·d-1。结果,组1有18%的患者cmax为7~9 pg·mL-1,AUC0-24h为89~106 pg·h·mL-1;组2有69%的患者cmax为(12±12)pg·mL-1,第15日达到稳态,AUC0-24h为(137±119)pg·h·mL-1,两组患者均在用药后4 h达到cmax
细胞色素P450(CYP450)酶是Tri的主要代谢同工酶,其中CYP2C9占Tri代谢酶的67%,CYP2C8和CYP3A4分别占16%和17%。Tri体外产生的5种代谢物中,有3种具有活性,但这些活性代谢物的体内血浆浓度均达不到检测限[12]
尚未发现Tri与药物联合使用后会发生明显的相互作用。一项Ⅰ期临床试验研究了100 μg·g-1 Tri乳膏对左炔诺孕酮(levonorgestrel,LNG)和炔雌醇(ethinylestradiol,EE)的影响,结果表明,Tri乳膏与含有EE和LNG的口服激素避孕药同时使用,不会产生药物相互作用[12]
一项随机、多中心Ⅱ期临床试验(NCT01616654)评估了不同含量Tri乳膏的疗效和安全性[13]。该研究选择12~35岁、研究者总体评估(investigator’s global assessment,IGA)为3~4分的面部痤疮患者,将其随机分配至25 μg·g-1 Tri乳膏组(n=61)、50 μg·g-1 Tri乳膏组(n=61)、100 μg·g-1 Tri乳膏组(n=60)、1 mg·g-1他扎罗汀凝胶组(n=61)和Tri基质乳膏组(n=61),所有患者均每日外用相应药物1次,治疗12周。主要疗效指标包括治疗成功率、炎症和非炎症皮损计数的改变等,若治疗结束时患者的IGA较基线降低至少2级,即被评为“清除”(0级)或“几乎清除”(1级),视为治疗成功。结果,上述各组的治疗成功率分别为13.11%、14.75%、16.67%、21.31%和8.72%;在炎症皮损计数和非炎症皮损计数方面,25 μg·g-1 Tri乳膏组分别降低了49.16%和46.34%,50 μg·g-1 Tri乳膏组分别降低了53.14%和45.26%,100 μg·g-1 Tri乳膏组分别为51.93%和49.57%,他扎罗汀凝胶组分别降低了53.09%和55.88%,Tri基质乳膏组分别降低了41.70%和38.20%。此外,25、50 μg·g-1 Tri乳膏组和Tri基质乳膏组分别出现了1例严重不良事件,为妊娠或精神疾病,与用药无关;上述5个试验组分别出现了15、17、23、24、18例其他不良反应,多为感染、侵染、皮肤和皮下组织疾病等。可见,与100 μg·g-1 Tri乳膏和1 mg·g-1他扎罗汀凝胶相比,25、50 μg·g-1 Tri乳膏具有更高的安全性和局部耐受性。
一项多中心、开放的Ⅲ期临床试验(NCT02189629)评估了50 μg·g-1 Tri乳膏在面部和躯干中度痤疮患者中的安全性和有效性[14]。该研究共入组了453例9~54岁、面部IGA为3分、躯干医生整体评估(physician’s global assessment,PGA)为3分、面部炎症皮损计数≥20个以及非炎症皮损计数≥25个、躯干炎症皮损计数和非炎症皮损计数均≥20个的患者。该研究的主要疗效评价指标为治疗成功率(若52周治疗结束时患者的IGA或PGA分数为0或1分,则视为治疗成功)。结果,第52周时,纳入患者的面部治疗成功率为65.1%,躯干治疗成功率为66.9%,总体治疗成功率为57.9%。
两项多中心、双盲、随机、对照Ⅲ期临床试验评价了50 μg·g-1 Tri乳膏的安全性和有效性[15],两项研究的受试者标准以及治疗成功标准均与NCT02189629试验一致。主要疗效指标包括治疗成功率、炎症和非炎症皮损计数的改变等。其中,PERFECT1试验(NCT02566369)入组了1 208例中度面部痤疮的青少年和65岁以下的成人患者,受试者被分为50 μg·g-1 Tri乳膏组(n=612)和安慰剂组(n=596),两组患者用药均为每日1次。治疗12周后,Tri乳膏组患者的面部治疗成功率为29.4%,安慰剂组为19.5%(P<0.05);Tri组患者的面部炎症皮损计数和非炎症皮损计数分别减少54.4%和49.7%,安慰剂组分别减少了44.8%和35.7%(组间比较P<0.001);Tri组患者的躯干治疗成功率为35.7%,安慰剂组为25.0%(P<0.05);Tri组躯干炎症皮损计数和非炎症皮损计数分别减少57.4%和49.1%,均显著高于安慰剂组的50.0%和40.3%(P<0.001)。PERFECT2试验(NCT02556788)入组了1 212例≥9岁的中度痤疮患者,受试者被分为50 μg·g-1 Tri乳膏组(n=602)和安慰剂组(n=610),两组患者用药均为每日1次。治疗12周后,Tri乳膏组患者的面部治疗成功率为42.3%,安慰剂组为25.7%;Tri组的面部炎症皮损计数和非炎症皮损计数分别减少66.2%和57.7%,安慰剂组分别减少了51.2%和31.9%;Tri组的躯干治疗成功率为42.6%,安慰剂组为29.9%;Tri组的炎症皮损计数和非炎症皮损计数分别减少65.4%和55.2%,安慰剂组分别为51.1%和45.1%。两组患者的上述指标比较,差异均有显著意义(P<0.001)。
一项为期24周的开放式、单组分配、多中心Ⅲ期临床试验(NCT03915860)研究了使用50 μg·g-1 Tri乳膏治疗中度面部和背部痤疮的安全性和有效性[16]。该研究共有47例患者入组,所有患者均每晚使用1次药物,持续给药24周。结果显示,治疗结束后,47例患者的面部炎症皮损计数减少了42.6%,非炎症皮损计数减少了46.9%;背部炎症皮损计数减少了39.1%,非炎症皮损计数减少了37.7%。满意度调查显示,有56.4%的受试者表示未受到副作用的困扰,同时有71.8%的受试者表示愿意再次接受该药物治疗。在研究期间,所有患者均未见严重不良反应,仅有5%的受试者出现了一些不良反应,如疼痛、皮炎和晒伤。该研究表明,在治疗面部和背部中度痤疮方面,使用50 μg·g-1 Tri乳膏是安全有效的。
为期12周的双盲、多中心的Ⅳ期临床试验(NCT04451330)发现,50 μg·g-1 Tri乳膏联合120 mg多西环素缓释片是一种安全且有效的治疗方案,适用于重度面部痤疮患者[17]。该研究共纳入了202例12岁以上患者,将其随机分为两组:133例患者接受50 μg·g-1 Tri乳膏联合120 mg多西环素缓释片(T+D)治疗,69例患者接受50 μg·g-1 Tri基质乳膏联合120 mg多西环素缓释安慰片剂(V+P)治疗。治疗12周后,T+D组患者的总皮损计数较基线减少了69.1%,比V+P组高21.0%(P<0.000 1),其中,T+D组患者的炎症皮损计数较基线减少了29.4%,非炎症皮损计数较基线减少了39.5%,改善幅度均显著大于V+P组(P<0.05)。T+D组的治疗成功率(IGA=0或1,治疗前后分差≥2)为31.7%,而V+P组仅为15.8%。此外,T+D组有78.3%的受试者出现了IGA≥2级的改善,而V+P组只有50.1%。在受试者的治疗满意度调查中,T+D组患者的满意度为86.2%,显著高于V+P组的53.8%。药物可接受性问卷调查结果显示,无论是使用活性成分乳膏还是基质乳膏,患者对其易用性均感到满意,两者之间无显著差异。在安全性评价方面,两组患者的局部耐受性表现均良好。耐受性评分在第1周达到峰值(所有耐受性评分的平均分均<0.75),并在研究过程中有所改善。T+D组和V+P组各有18例(13.5%)和11例(15.9%)受试者发生了治疗相关的不良事件,如腹泻、恶心、晒伤、头痛和接触性皮炎。大多数不良反应的严重程度较轻,并随着时间的推移而消失。可见,Tri乳膏联合多西环素缓释片治疗严重面部痤疮是一种安全且有效的治疗方案。
一项为期24周的双盲、随机Ⅳ期临床试验(NCT04856904)评估了50 μg·g-1 Tri乳膏在治疗中重度面部痤疮和萎缩性痤疮瘢痕方面的有效性和安全性[18]。试验纳入了121例年龄为17~35岁的受试者,在试验中,受试者的左右脸部分别使用了50 μg·g-1 Tri乳膏和Tri基质乳膏(对照)进行治疗。结果显示,从第2周开始,Tri乳膏治疗侧的面部(Tri乳膏治疗组)萎缩性瘢痕数量明显减少,而对侧面部(对照组)的改善效果则较弱。第24周时,Tri乳膏治疗组的瘢痕数量减少了55.2%,对照组减少了29.9%。此外,Tri乳膏治疗组的疤痕全球评估(scar global assessment,SGA)成功率(得分为0或者改善≥2分)为53.5%,高于对照组的32.3%。除了瘢痕的改善,Tri乳膏治疗组在炎症皮损计数和非炎症皮损计数方面也表现出了良好的效果。在治疗第2周,Tri乳膏治疗组的炎症皮损计数显著少于对照组,而两组非炎症皮损计数在治疗第1周就出现了明显差异。同时,Tri乳膏治疗组在第4周的IGA治疗成功率达到了63.6%,而对照组仅为31.3%。受试者对Tri乳膏治疗侧瘢痕的感知也有所改善,49%的患者表示疤痕数量“非常少”,而对照组的这一比例为37%。在安全性方面,受试者的耐受性均较好,Tri乳膏治疗组的紧急不良事件发生率为5.8%,对照组为2.5%,均未见严重不良事件发生。总体而言,该项临床试验的结果表明,50 μg·g-1 Tri乳膏在治疗中度至重度面部痤疮和萎缩性痤疮瘢痕方面具有显著的疗效,Tri乳膏能够减少瘢痕数量,改善萎缩性瘢痕的外观,同时具有良好的安全性和患者耐受性。
一项为期24周的双盲、随机的Ⅳ期临床试验(NCT05089708)评估了50 μg·g-1 Tri乳膏治疗中度寻常痤疮伴痤疮诱发的炎症性色素沉着(post inflammatory hyperpigmentation,PIH)的疗效和安全性[19]。该试验入组了123例13~35岁的中度痤疮患者,受试者被分为50 μg·g-1 Tri乳膏组(n=60)和基质对照组(n=63),所有受试者每晚在脸部用药1次,持续24周。治疗12周后,Tri乳膏组患者的PIH指数降低了34.4%,降幅显著大于对照组(23.6%,P<0.005);治疗24周后,Tri乳膏组的PIH指数降低了45.4%,对照组降低了44.9%。Tri乳膏组在整个治疗过程中未出现严重不良反应,具有良好的安全性。
Tri乳膏等效性临床试验(NCT05550337、NCT06063473)的试验结果目前还尚未公开[20,21],这些研究的结果将有助于更全面地评估Tri乳膏在痤疮治疗中的作用以及其对特定人群的影响。
PERFECT1和PERFECT2试验分别有6例、3例患者出现局部严重的不良事件,包括皮肤刺激、晒伤、过敏性皮炎、应用部位疼痛和侵蚀。在NCT02189629试验中,有48.1%的患者出现了不良事件,其中12.6%的患者是用药相关的不良事件,最终有2.9%的患者停药,2.2%的患者发生了严重不良事件。最常见的与用药相关的不良事件是瘙痒(21例,4.6%)、刺激(19例,4.2%)和晒伤(8例,1.8%),这些症状主要发生在治疗区,但程度较轻;3例(0.7%)严重的药物相关不良事件为涂抹部位刺激、瘙痒和红斑。总体来看,Tri的大多数不良反应为局部皮肤刺激,主要发生在治疗开始时,之后有所改善,躯干局部耐受性较面部好。在临床用药中,为了减少药物刺激,可以采取一些措施,例如尽量减少药物的使用量以覆盖受影响的区域,或在使用药物后尽快清洗,同时可使用保湿霜来缓解不适感[22]
自1971年第一个类视黄醇类药物全反式维A酸上市以来,类视黄醇类药物作为治疗痤疮的一线药物,已经发展到了第四代。Tri是首个第四代类视黄醇类药物,具有更强的选择性,可选择性地作用于RAR-γ受体,它被广泛应用于治疗面部和躯干的痤疮,并表现出优异的疗效和良好的耐受性,为患者提供了全新的治疗选择[16]。此外,通过开发新的Tri药物剂型或与其他药物的联用方案,可以最大限度地发挥其治疗效果,并提高患者的治疗依从性。
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2024年第43卷第11期
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doi: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.11.04
  • 接收时间:2022-10-05
  • 首发时间:2026-03-13
  • 出版时间:2024-11-25
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  • 收稿日期:2022-10-05
  • 录用日期:2024-09-24
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    河北科技大学 化学与制药工程学院,河北 石家庄 050018

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张勇
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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