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Article(id=1239201876974039541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, issueId=1239201870791627164, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.03.14, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1686499200000, receivedDateStr=2023-06-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1702569600000, acceptedDateStr=2023-12-15, onlineDate=1773378350728, onlineDateStr=2026-03-13, pubDate=1711296000000, pubDateStr=2024-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773378350728, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773378350728, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773378350728, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1239201870791627164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, year='2024', volume='43', issue='3', pageStart='161', pageEnd='240', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773378349254, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773378470498, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1239202379392938830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, issueId=1239201870791627164, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1239202379397133135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, issueId=1239201870791627164, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=236, endPage=240, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1239201877280223749, articleId=1239201876974039541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, language=EN, title=Signal analysis of adverse drug event related to cardiac disorders in cinacalcet and etelcalcetide: a pharmacovigilance study, columnId=1207314224800440367, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of New Drugs and Clinical Remedies, columnName=Pharmacovigilance, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
AIM

To mining the signals of adverse drug event （ADE） related to cardiac disorders （CRADE） in cinacalcet and etelcalcetide, and provide reference for clinical medicine safety.

METHODS

ADE reports of cinacalcet and etelcalcetide from the first quarter of 2013 to the first quarter of 2023 in the FDA adverse event reporting system were collected. CRADE signals of cinacalcet and etelcalcetide were detected by frequency method. The frequency and signal intensity of CRADE, and the relationship to course of treatment and therapeutic dose were analyzed.

RESULTS

A total of 13 136 477 ADE reports were included, and the CRADE reports of cinacalcet and etelcalcetide were 631 and 327, respectively. Two new signals of cardiac arrest and angina pectoris were found in the signal mining of CRADE of the two drugs. Aortic stenosis and coronary stenosis were two additional new signals for etelcalcetide. The signal intensity of each CRADE of cinacalcet was generally lower than that of etelcalcetide. Among etelcalcetide CRADE, aortic stenosis and unstable angina showed stronger signals, with reported odds ratio of 259.307 and 179.621, respectively, which were much higher than that of other CRADE. When the dose of cinacalcet was 30 mg·d-1, the frequency of CRADE was higher. CRADE was reported more frequently when the course of medication was longer than 8 weeks.

CONCLUSION

New CRADE signals of cinacalcet and etelcalcetide have been found. It is necessary to pay attention to the safety of therapeutic drugs when using cinacalcet for a long course of treatment, or when using etecalcetide in patients with cardiovascular disease.

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目的

通过挖掘并分析西那卡塞和依特卡肽心脏器官疾病相关的不良事件（CRADE）信号，为临床用药安全提供参考。

方法

收集2013年第一季度至2023年第一季度美国食品和药物管理局不良事件报告系统数据库中西那卡塞和依特卡肽的药物不良事件（ADE）报告，采用频数法检测两药的CRADE信号，并分析CRADE发生的频次、信号强度，与用药疗程、治疗剂量的关系等。

结果

共纳入ADE报告13 136 477份，其中西那卡塞和依特卡肽CRADE报告分别为631份和327份。在两药的CRADE信号挖掘中均发现了心脏停搏和心绞痛2个新信号，主动脉狭窄和冠状动脉狭窄则是依特卡肽的另两个新信号。西那卡塞各项CRADE信号强度普遍低于依特卡肽。在依特卡肽CRADE信号中，主动脉狭窄和不稳定型心绞痛报告比值比分别为259.307和179.621，远高于其他CRADE。西那卡塞在30 mg·d-1的给药剂量下，CRADE的报告频次多；当用药疗程大于8周时，CRADE的报告频次更高。

结论

有新的西那卡塞和依特卡肽CRADE信号被发现，应用西那卡塞疗程较长，或有心血管疾病的患者应用依特卡肽时，需关注治疗药物的安全性。

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石大伟
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温馨，女，主管药师，硕士，主要从事临床试验与定量药理的研究，E-mail: 。

石大伟，男，主管药师，学士，主要从事临床药学（消化系统药物和药物不良反应）的研究，E-mail:

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温馨，女，主管药师，硕士，主要从事临床试验与定量药理的研究，E-mail: 。

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温馨，女，主管药师，硕士，主要从事临床试验与定量药理的研究，E-mail: 。

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石大伟，男，主管药师，学士，主要从事临床药学（消化系统药物和药物不良反应）的研究，E-mail:

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石大伟，男，主管药师，学士，主要从事临床药学（消化系统药物和药物不良反应）的研究，E-mail:

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Br J Clin Pharmacol, 2023, 89（4）: 1386-1392., articleTitle=Linezolid and the risk of QT interval prolongation: a pharmacovigilance study of the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239218224450032380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1239201876974039541, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=U.S. Food and Drug Administration, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Sensipar® （cinacalcet） tablets [EB/OL]. （2019-12-05）[2023-06-08]. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2019/021688s027lbl.pdf., articleTitle=Sensipar® （cinacalcet） tablets, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239218224504558333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1239201876974039541, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=U.S. Food and Drug Administration, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=U.S. Food and Drug Administration. ParsabivTM （etelcalcetide） injection [EB/OL]. （2019-03-08）[2023-06-08]. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2019/208325s002lbl.pdf., articleTitle=ParsabivTM （etelcalcetide） injection, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1239218224554889982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1239201876974039541, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=29, issue=2, pageStart=352, pageEnd=356, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=16, authorNames=TILLING L, COLIN FORFAR J, journalName=Clin Ther, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TILLING L, COLIN FORFAR J. Cinacalcet-associated cardiogenic shock in a patient with cardiomyopathy[J]. 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figureFileBig=69Kr5NofOWJExaOLb2gsNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1239218222348686027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1239201876974039541, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标西那卡塞（n=8 232）依特卡肽（n=809）
性别
男性3 451（41.92）399（49.3）
女性3 997（48.55）365（45.1）
未报告784（9.53）45（5.6）
年龄
<18岁61（0.74）2（0.3）
18~34岁517（6.28）18（2.2）
35~65岁3 577（43.45）154（19.0）
>65岁2 727（33.13）102（12.6）
未报告1 350（16.40）533（65.9）
), ArticleFig(id=1239218222419989197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1239201876974039541, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

西那卡塞和依特卡肽药物不良事件报告人口学特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标西那卡塞（n=8 232）依特卡肽（n=809）
性别
男性3 451（41.92）399（49.3）
女性3 997（48.55）365（45.1）
未报告784（9.53）45（5.6）
年龄
<18岁61（0.74）2（0.3）
18~34岁517（6.28）18（2.2）
35~65岁3 577（43.45）154（19.0）
>65岁2 727（33.13）102（12.6）
未报告1 350（16.40）533（65.9）
), ArticleFig(id=1239218222499680976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1239201876974039541, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
排序西那卡塞依特卡肽
地区归属国家例数地区归属国家例数
1北美洲美国7 094北美洲美国686
2北美洲加拿大152亚洲日本58
3亚洲日本91欧洲德国24
4欧洲英国77欧洲法国14
5亚洲中国71欧洲奥地利4
6大洋洲澳大利亚51欧洲以色列3
7欧洲意大利46欧洲瑞典2
8非洲赞比亚45欧洲英国2
9欧洲德国45欧洲意大利2
10欧洲法国36欧洲西班牙2
), ArticleFig(id=1239218222570984147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1239201876974039541, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

西那卡塞和依特卡肽药物不良事件（ADE）报告来源国家和地区（前十位）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
排序西那卡塞依特卡肽
地区归属国家例数地区归属国家例数
1北美洲美国7 094北美洲美国686
2北美洲加拿大152亚洲日本58
3亚洲日本91欧洲德国24
4欧洲英国77欧洲法国14
5亚洲中国71欧洲奥地利4
6大洋洲澳大利亚51欧洲以色列3
7欧洲意大利46欧洲瑞典2
8非洲赞比亚45欧洲英国2
9欧洲德国45欧洲意大利2
10欧洲法国36欧洲西班牙2
), ArticleFig(id=1239218222638093013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1239201876974039541, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CRADE（PT）ROR（95%CI）例数
心律不齐5.070（4.097, 6.274）84
室上性期外收缩5.024（2.088, 12.090）5
心瓣膜疾病2.513（1.045, 6.044）5
心血管疾病2.465（1.552, 3.915）18
急性心力衰竭2.426（1.089, 5.405）6
心脏疾病2.318（1.860, 2.890）80
心绞痛2.210（1.454, 3.359）22
心脏停搏1.882（1.439, 2.462）53
心肌梗死1.579（1.283, 1.944）90
心力衰竭1.535（1.149, 2.051）46
), ArticleFig(id=1239218222730367705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1239201876974039541, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

西那卡塞心脏器官疾病相关不良事件（CRADE）信号强度（前十位）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CRADE（PT）ROR（95%CI）例数
心律不齐5.070（4.097, 6.274）84
室上性期外收缩5.024（2.088, 12.090）5
心瓣膜疾病2.513（1.045, 6.044）5
心血管疾病2.465（1.552, 3.915）18
急性心力衰竭2.426（1.089, 5.405）6
心脏疾病2.318（1.860, 2.890）80
心绞痛2.210（1.454, 3.359）22
心脏停搏1.882（1.439, 2.462）53
心肌梗死1.579（1.283, 1.944）90
心力衰竭1.535（1.149, 2.051）46
), ArticleFig(id=1239218222814253785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1239201876974039541, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CRADE（PT）ROR（95%CI）例数
主动脉狭窄259.307（157.483，426.966）5
不稳定型心绞痛179.621（128.939，250.223）37
心肌缺血66.403（43.830，100.601）23
冠状动脉狭窄38.857（16.112，93.706）5
急性心力衰竭33.254（16.561，66.771）8
心力衰竭22.296（17.172，28.949）61
心血管疾病15.503（8.549，28.116）11
心室颤动14.605（6.060，35.198）5
心律不齐13.837（9.057，21.141）22
心绞痛13.468（7.784，23.303）13
), ArticleFig(id=1239218222902334171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1239201876974039541, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

依特卡肽心脏器官疾病相关不良事件（CRADE）信号强度（前十位）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CRADE（PT）ROR（95%CI）例数
主动脉狭窄259.307（157.483，426.966）5
不稳定型心绞痛179.621（128.939，250.223）37
心肌缺血66.403（43.830，100.601）23
冠状动脉狭窄38.857（16.112，93.706）5
急性心力衰竭33.254（16.561，66.771）8
心力衰竭22.296（17.172，28.949）61
心血管疾病15.503（8.549，28.116）11
心室颤动14.605（6.060，35.198）5
心律不齐13.837（9.057，21.141）22
心绞痛13.468（7.784，23.303）13
), ArticleFig(id=1239218222977831645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1239201876974039541, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CRADE（PT）剂量/mg·d-1合计
12.52530506090未报告
心律不齐-1（1）4（5）1（1）1（1）1（1）76（91）84
室上性期外收缩1（20）-----4（80）5
心瓣膜疾病--1（20）-1（20）-3（60）5
心血管疾病--2（11）-2（11）-14（78）18
急性心力衰竭-1（17）1（17）---4（66）6
心脏疾病--39（49）-10（13）4（5）27（33）80
心绞痛-1（5）1（5）---20（90）22
心脏停搏--13（25）-6（11）1（2）33（62）53
心肌梗死-1（1）45（50）-7（8）3（3）34（38）90
心力衰竭-6（13）11（24）--1（2）28（61）46
合计11011712710243409
), ArticleFig(id=1239218223049134815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1239201876974039541, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同剂量西那卡塞心脏器官疾病相关不良事件（CRADE）的报告频次（前十位）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CRADE（PT）剂量/mg·d-1合计
12.52530506090未报告
心律不齐-1（1）4（5）1（1）1（1）1（1）76（91）84
室上性期外收缩1（20）-----4（80）5
心瓣膜疾病--1（20）-1（20）-3（60）5
心血管疾病--2（11）-2（11）-14（78）18
急性心力衰竭-1（17）1（17）---4（66）6
心脏疾病--39（49）-10（13）4（5）27（33）80
心绞痛-1（5）1（5）---20（90）22
心脏停搏--13（25）-6（11）1（2）33（62）53
心肌梗死-1（1）45（50）-7（8）3（3）34（38）90
心力衰竭-6（13）11（24）--1（2）28（61）46
合计11011712710243409
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西那卡塞和依特卡肽心脏器官疾病相关的不良事件信号分析：一项药物警戒研究
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温馨 1a , 郭婷婷 1b , 韩顺 2 , 戴映 3a , 王之舟 4 , 李禄金 5 , 朱兆华 1a , 曾一凡 3b , 程俊杰 6 , 吴钰娇 6 , 张秀华 3c , 石大伟 3a
中国新药与临床杂志 | 药物警戒 2024,43(3): 236-240
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中国新药与临床杂志 | 药物警戒 2024, 43(3): 236-240
西那卡塞和依特卡肽心脏器官疾病相关的不良事件信号分析：一项药物警戒研究
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温馨1a , 郭婷婷1b, 韩顺2, 戴映3a, 王之舟4, 李禄金5, 朱兆华1a, 曾一凡3b, 程俊杰6, 吴钰娇6, 张秀华3c, 石大伟3a
作者信息
  • 1a.南方医科大学珠江医院　临床研究中心，广东　广州　510280
  • 1b.南方医科大学珠江医院　肾内科，广东　广州　510280
  • 2.中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院　骨外科，广东　广州　510280
  • 3a.温州医科大学附属第一医院　药学部，浙江　温州　325000
  • 3b.温州医科大学附属第一医院　信息科，浙江　温州　325000
  • 3c.温州医科大学附属第一医院　临床研究中心/药物临床试验机构办公室，浙江　温州　325000
  • 4.复旦大学附属金山医院，上海　201203
  • 5.上海中医药大学交叉科学研究院　定量药理研究中心，上海　201203
  • 6.南方医科大学第二临床学院，广东　广州　510280

    • 温馨，女，主管药师，硕士，主要从事临床试验与定量药理的研究，E-mail: 。

    石大伟，男，主管药师，学士，主要从事临床药学（消化系统药物和药物不良反应）的研究，E-mail:

通讯作者:

石大伟
Signal analysis of adverse drug event related to cardiac disorders in cinacalcet and etelcalcetide: a pharmacovigilance study
Xin WEN1a , Ting-ting GUO1b, Shun HAN2, Ying DAI3a, Zhi-zhou WANG4, Lu-jin LI5, Zhao-hua ZHU1a, Yi-fan ZENG3b, Jun-jie CHENG6, Yu-jiao WU6, Xiu-hua ZHANG3c, Da-wei SHI3a
Affiliations
  • 1a.Clinical Research Center, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou GUANGDONG 510280, China
  • 1b.Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou GUANGDONG 510280, China
  • 2.Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou GUANGDONG 510280, China
  • 3a.Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou ZHEJIANG 325000, China
  • 3b.Department of Information, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou ZHEJIANG 325000, China
  • 3c.Drug Clinical Research Center/Drug Clinical Trial Organization Office, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou ZHEJIANG 325000, China
  • 4.Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, SHANGHAI 201203, China
  • 5.Quantitative Pharmacology Research Center, Institute of Interdisciplinary Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, SHANGHAI 201203, China
  • 6.The Second Clinical College of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou GUANGDONG 510280, China
出版时间: 2024-03-25 doi: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.03.14
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摘要
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目的

通过挖掘并分析西那卡塞和依特卡肽心脏器官疾病相关的不良事件（CRADE）信号，为临床用药安全提供参考。

方法

收集2013年第一季度至2023年第一季度美国食品和药物管理局不良事件报告系统数据库中西那卡塞和依特卡肽的药物不良事件（ADE）报告，采用频数法检测两药的CRADE信号，并分析CRADE发生的频次、信号强度，与用药疗程、治疗剂量的关系等。

结果

共纳入ADE报告13 136 477份，其中西那卡塞和依特卡肽CRADE报告分别为631份和327份。在两药的CRADE信号挖掘中均发现了心脏停搏和心绞痛2个新信号，主动脉狭窄和冠状动脉狭窄则是依特卡肽的另两个新信号。西那卡塞各项CRADE信号强度普遍低于依特卡肽。在依特卡肽CRADE信号中，主动脉狭窄和不稳定型心绞痛报告比值比分别为259.307和179.621，远高于其他CRADE。西那卡塞在30 mg·d-1的给药剂量下，CRADE的报告频次多；当用药疗程大于8周时，CRADE的报告频次更高。

结论

有新的西那卡塞和依特卡肽CRADE信号被发现，应用西那卡塞疗程较长，或有心血管疾病的患者应用依特卡肽时，需关注治疗药物的安全性。

西那卡塞  /  依特卡肽  /  药物不良事件  /  药物警戒  /  信号挖掘
AIM

To mining the signals of adverse drug event （ADE） related to cardiac disorders （CRADE） in cinacalcet and etelcalcetide, and provide reference for clinical medicine safety.

METHODS

ADE reports of cinacalcet and etelcalcetide from the first quarter of 2013 to the first quarter of 2023 in the FDA adverse event reporting system were collected. CRADE signals of cinacalcet and etelcalcetide were detected by frequency method. The frequency and signal intensity of CRADE, and the relationship to course of treatment and therapeutic dose were analyzed.

RESULTS

A total of 13 136 477 ADE reports were included, and the CRADE reports of cinacalcet and etelcalcetide were 631 and 327, respectively. Two new signals of cardiac arrest and angina pectoris were found in the signal mining of CRADE of the two drugs. Aortic stenosis and coronary stenosis were two additional new signals for etelcalcetide. The signal intensity of each CRADE of cinacalcet was generally lower than that of etelcalcetide. Among etelcalcetide CRADE, aortic stenosis and unstable angina showed stronger signals, with reported odds ratio of 259.307 and 179.621, respectively, which were much higher than that of other CRADE. When the dose of cinacalcet was 30 mg·d-1, the frequency of CRADE was higher. CRADE was reported more frequently when the course of medication was longer than 8 weeks.

CONCLUSION

New CRADE signals of cinacalcet and etelcalcetide have been found. It is necessary to pay attention to the safety of therapeutic drugs when using cinacalcet for a long course of treatment, or when using etecalcetide in patients with cardiovascular disease.

cinacalcet  /  etelcalcetide  /  adverse drug events  /  pharmacovigilance  /  data mining
温馨, 郭婷婷, 韩顺, 戴映, 王之舟, 李禄金, 朱兆华, 曾一凡, 程俊杰, 吴钰娇, 张秀华, 石大伟. 西那卡塞和依特卡肽心脏器官疾病相关的不良事件信号分析：一项药物警戒研究. 中国新药与临床杂志, 2024 , 43 (3) : 236 -240 . DOI: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.03.14
Xin WEN, Ting-ting GUO, Shun HAN, Ying DAI, Zhi-zhou WANG, Lu-jin LI, Zhao-hua ZHU, Yi-fan ZENG, Jun-jie CHENG, Yu-jiao WU, Xiu-hua ZHANG, Da-wei SHI. Signal analysis of adverse drug event related to cardiac disorders in cinacalcet and etelcalcetide: a pharmacovigilance study[J]. Chinese Journal of New Drugs and Clinical Remedies, 2024 , 43 (3) : 236 -240 . DOI: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.03.14
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慢性肾脏病（CKD）是一种发病率和死亡率较高的疾病[1]，全球约有10%的成年人患有CKD相关疾病，每年CKD可导致120万人死亡[2,3]。继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进（SHPT）是CKD常见且严重的并发症之一[4]。随着CKD的进展，SHPT的发病率逐渐增加，在透析患者中SHPT发病率可高达80%[5]。甲状旁腺中的钙敏感受体（CaSR）对血钙浓度的变化高度敏感[6]，CaSR激活可减少甲状旁腺激素（PTH）的生成[7]。拟钙剂是一种作用于CaSR的变构激动剂，西那卡塞（cinacalcet）是应用较广、国内唯一上市的拟钙剂[8,9]。依特卡肽（etelcalcetide）是新一代拟钙剂，因半衰期较长，在透析期间可每周3次静脉注射，无需每日使用[10,11]，更便于临床应用。早期一项纳入28项临床研究的网状Meta分析[12]显示，低钙血症是使用拟钙剂治疗的CKD患者较为常见的药物不良事件（ADE），而严重的低钙血症通常与心脏器官疾病相关不良事件（CRADE）发生有关，且患者的死亡结局往往与CRADE相关。但既往相关研究[12,13]多重点分析低钙血症，很少有直接关注CRADE。本研究拟通过挖掘及分析西那卡塞和依特卡肽的CRADE信号，寻找拟钙剂与CRADE之间的关联性，以期为该类药物在临床上安全用药提供参考。
资料与方法
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数据来源和筛选
本研究所用的数据来自美国食品和药物管理局不良事件报告系统（FDA adverse event reporting system，FAERS）。首先下载FDA官方网站提供的2013年1月至2023年3月季度报表数据包，并将下载包的数据导入由Oracle Database 11g（版本号：7.1.1.1339）软件搭建的数据库中。
参照FAERS的操作指南，将目标药物作为首要怀疑药物（primary suspected drug，PS）进行检索。检索时使用两种药物的通用名和商品名，检索词为“cinacalcet”、“Sensipar”、“etelcalcetide”和“Parsabiv”。使用SQL语言查询所需检索数据，并导出相关结果。
遵循FDA的建议，通过匹配报告的初始状态、初始接收时间、来源国家、患者的年龄与性别等关键信息，对查询报告进行筛选，剔除重复的报告。
CRADE的定义
根据《国际医学用语词典》 （MedDRA）23.0版中的首选术语（preferred term，PT）和系统器官分类（system organ class，SOC）对ADE进行描述。在该词典中，通常一个PT可能会存在于不同的SOC中，故本研究对此做了进一步的限制，只针对SOC为“心脏器官疾病[10007541（MedDRA代码）]”下的PTs。为减少适应证偏倚（即将处方药物的适应证报告为ADE）的影响，本研究删除了可能与目标药物适应证相关的PTs。
信号检测方法
基于不相称性分析中的频数法，检测西那卡塞和依特卡肽的ADE信号，统计指标为报告比值比（ROR）[14]。当目标ADE出现频率高于整个数据库背景频率的阈值，表明目标药物和目标不良事件之间的关联强度比较大，即出现一个ADE信号。ROR值越大，信号越强，说明目标药物与目标ADE之间统计学关系越强。ROR的计算基于比例失衡测量法四格表[14]，当目标药物的目标ADE报告数≥3，ROR的95%置信区间（CI）下限>1时，即生成一个ADE信号。
数据分析
对FAERS中西那卡塞和依特卡肽ADE报告的基本信息进行分析，并分别对ADE发生频次和信号强度（ROR值）的强弱进行排序。挖掘两种药物的CRADE信号，观察CRADE的报告频次与用药疗程、药物剂量之间的关系。
结果
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ADE报告的基本情况
共纳入FAERS数据库中的13 136 477份报告，筛选出以西那卡塞作为PS的报告8 232份，依特卡肽809份。
在性别构成上，西那卡塞的ADE报告以女性居多，而依特卡肽的ADE报告以男性居多；年龄构成中，两药均以35~65岁的报告比例较高，其次为65岁以上人群，见表1。ADE报告来源以北美洲和欧洲为主，在亚洲地区则以日本为主，见表2。
CRADE信号
数据库中，西那卡塞和依特卡肽CRADE的报告数分别为631份和327份，CRADE信号强度排序见表3和表4。西那卡塞和依特卡肽具有共同的CRADE信号，如心力衰竭、心律不齐等，相同信号中依特卡肽的信号强度较西那卡塞更高，见图1。
CRADE与用药疗程
由于两药的CRADE报告中大量缺失用药时间数据，因此无法准确评估CRADE与用药疗程之间的关联性。从有较为完整的用药疗程数据的报告中发现，CRADE通常在用药8周后出现，尤其是在心肌梗死（西那卡塞8例）和心力衰竭（西那卡塞3例，依特卡肽5例）的报告中。
CRADE与给药剂量
统计西那卡塞引起CRADE（信号强度排前十名）时对应的日剂量，其中西那卡塞日剂量为30 mg时CRADE的发生率最高，其次为日剂量60 mg，见表5。
讨论
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本研究收集的西那卡塞和依特卡肽ADE报告多未详细记录患者的性别和年龄，故未能准确分析此类患者性别、年龄等人口学特征与ADE之间的关联性。从ADE报告来源地区的分布特点来看，以欧美国家为主，日本是亚洲地区的主要来源，说明两药ADE报告主要还是来源于上市时间早、应用广泛地区的人群，这与药物目前在临床上实际使用的情况较吻合[11]。
某些CRADE在西那卡塞和依特卡肽的药品说明书[15,16]中虽有过描述，但是对此类ADE的发生并未进一步详细阐述。本研究发现，西那卡塞和依特卡肽引起的CRADE比例虽未有胃肠道系统ADE发生频次高，但也表现出较高的占比，尤其是依特卡肽引起的CRADE比例高达39.7%（321/809）。进一步分析两药的CRADE信号，首先发现2个新的药物警戒信号——心脏停搏和心绞痛，此前均未在两药的说明书中提及，主动脉狭窄和冠状动脉狭窄这两个CRADE也未曾出现在依特卡肽的药品说明书中。其次，从各项CRADE的信号强度来看，西那卡塞的CRADE信号强度（ROR值）普遍低于依特卡肽，而在依特卡肽CRADE的警戒信号中，主动脉狭窄和不稳定型心绞痛则有较强的信号（ROR值的95%CI下限均高于100），远高于其他CRADE，而警戒信号主要集中在心绞痛和心力衰竭等常见心血管疾病上。两药共同存在的CRADE中，除了心肌梗死和心脏停搏这两个CRADE的信号强度较为接近外，其余五个CRADE的信号强度差别较大。造成以上结果可能与依特卡肽上市时间较晚、应用范围小、上报的ADE报告数量少而CRADE报告占比高有一定关系。虽然西那卡塞和依特卡肽ADR报告总数差距比较大，但是同一事件ROR值之间的差异仍具有一定的参考意义。前期研究显示依特卡肽已成为临床上最有效的拟钙剂，治疗效果优于西那卡塞[12]，但考虑到可能存在的CRADE风险，对于既往患有慢性心血管疾病的患者，应用依特卡肽时应在全面评估患者心脏功能后再考虑用药。
通常ADE的发生与用药剂量、疗程存在相关性，但是本研究所采用的报告存在用药剂量记录缺失或描述不清，故而未能通过统计学方法得到两者之间的确切相关性。根据西那卡塞CRADE报告中常见日剂量的分布来看，起始推荐剂量（30 mg·d-1）所报告的CRADE最为常见，尤其是心肌梗死的发生频次最高，这可能与从低剂量作为起始剂量有关。依特卡肽的报告数量较少，且药物通常为每周给药3次，故未对此项做进一步分析。另外，对有较完整用药疗程的报告分析后发现，西那卡塞的疗程越长，CRADE的报告频次越高，尤其是疗程超过8周时，这与某些个例报道[17]的结果相似。但根据西那卡塞的药品说明书[15]，其导致CRADE的频率及时间尚不清楚，因此本研究结果可以作为临床证据的补充。
综上所述，西那卡塞和依特卡肽的CRADE报告中均出现了心脏停搏和心绞痛2个新警戒信号，且依特卡肽报告中还有主动脉狭窄和冠状动脉狭窄2个新信号。依特卡肽的CRADE信号强度普遍高于西那卡塞，并且警戒信号主要为主动脉狭窄、心绞痛、心力衰竭，有心血管疾病的患者使用依特卡肽时需关注药物安全性。另外，在使用西那卡塞治疗时，大于8周的给药疗程可能会增加患者CRADE的发生风险，临床应予重视。但本研究采用的是FAERS的季度报表，在时间上有一定的延迟性，并未能获取最新、最完整的数据。同时，ADE的上报采用的是主动上报机制，上报者的专业水平参差不齐，会影响不良事件的判断和报告的质量，且报表存在缺项、漏项的情况，虽在初筛时对此类问题制定了限定，但依然会影响到数据的完整性。此外，本研究关注药物与CRADE之间可能存在关联性，但未完全剔除其他可能影响结果的混杂因素，如低钙血症、既往心脏疾病史对CRADE的影响等，且通过统计方法得到的ROR值不能完全替代真实世界中不良事件的实际发生率，因此本研究结果仍需进一步验证。
基金
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  • 南方医科大学珠江医院院长基金青年培育项目(YZJJ2022QN15)
  • 南方医科大学2023年校级大学生创新训练计划项目(202312121303)
文献
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2024年第43卷第3期
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文章信息
doi: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.03.14
  • 接收时间：2023-06-12
  • 首发时间：2026-03-13
  • 出版时间：2024-03-25
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  • 收稿日期：2023-06-12
  • 录用日期：2023-12-15
基金
南方医科大学珠江医院院长基金青年培育项目(YZJJ2022QN15)
南方医科大学2023年校级大学生创新训练计划项目(202312121303)
作者信息
    1a.南方医科大学珠江医院　临床研究中心，广东　广州　510280
    1b.南方医科大学珠江医院　肾内科，广东　广州　510280
    2.中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院　骨外科，广东　广州　510280
    3a.温州医科大学附属第一医院　药学部，浙江　温州　325000
    3b.温州医科大学附属第一医院　信息科，浙江　温州　325000
    3c.温州医科大学附属第一医院　临床研究中心/药物临床试验机构办公室，浙江　温州　325000
    4.复旦大学附属金山医院，上海　201203
    5.上海中医药大学交叉科学研究院　定量药理研究中心，上海　201203
    6.南方医科大学第二临床学院，广东　广州　510280

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