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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a slowly progressive degenerative disease of the central nervous system, and its incidence, prevalence and mortality are increasing year by year. At present, there is no cure for AD, mainly sympotomatic treatment with drugs, including cholinesterase inhibitors and megaline, but these drugs can only relieve clinical symptoms,but can not stop or reverse the development of AD. Aducanumab and lecanemab are targeted drugs developed for amyloid β-protein (Aβ) plaques in the brain in recent years, but they have not been fully popularized, and the safety and effectiveness of drugs need to be further verified. Sodium oligomannate is an innovative drug developed in China for the treatment of mild to moderate AD patients. It mainly improves cognitive function by regulating gut microbiota-brain axis. Other possible mechanisms include reducing brain Aβ deposition and tau protein phosphorylation, activating intestinal endocrine cell-vagus afferent pathway, inhibiting intracranial neuritidine, etc. With the clinical application of sodium oligomannate, more evidence shows that sodium oligomannate can not only improve the cognitive function of AD patients, but also have certain effects on the behavioral and psychiatric symptoms and daily living ability of patients. Combined treatment with other drugs may improve the clinical efficacy and reduce adverse reactions.
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阿尔茨海默病(AD)是一种缓慢进展的中枢神经系统退行性疾病,其发病率、患病率和死亡率呈逐年上涨趋势。目前尚无根治AD的方法,以药物对症治疗为主,包括胆碱酯酶抑制剂和美金刚,但这些药物仅能缓解临床症状,未能终止或逆转AD发展。aducanumab和lecanemab是近年针对脑内淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)斑块研发的靶向药,但目前尚未完全普及,药物的安全性和有效性有待进一步验证。甘露特钠是我国研发用于治疗轻中度AD患者的创新性药物,主要通过调节肠道微生物群-脑轴来改善认知功能,其他的可能机制包括减少脑内Aβ沉积和tau蛋白磷酸化,激活肠内分泌细胞-迷走神经传入通路,抑制脑内神经炎症等。随着该药的临床应用,更多证据表明甘露特钠不仅可改善AD患者的认知功能,对患者的行为精神症状和日常生活能力也有一定疗效,与其他药物联合治疗可能具有提高临床疗效,降低不良反应的作用。
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赵晓云,女,硕士在读,主要从事老年衰老与延缓衰老、老年心血管病诊治的研究,E-mail: 645681151@qq.com
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赵晓云,女,硕士在读,主要从事老年衰老与延缓衰老、老年心血管病诊治的研究,E-mail: 645681151@qq.com
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