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Gene therapy products may accidentally leak or shed during clinical use, thereby integrating the genetic material they carry into other non-patient populations or plants and animals, with adverse effects on ecosystems and human health. In order to reduce the environmental risks of gene therapy products, the United States and the European Union have formulated relevant laws and regulations and issued special guidelines, which stipulate the environmental risk assessment conduct, review and specific steps in the clinical trials and marketing registration of gene therapy products. At present, there are no specific regulations on the environmental risks of gene therapy products in China, it is suggested that China can learn from the relevant practices of the Europe and the USA, establishing gene therapy products environmental risk supervision laws and regulations system, and clarify the specific steps of environmental risk assessment; harmonizing the regulatory agencies and review procedures for gene therapy products registration and environmental risk assessment; establishing a scientific and reasonable basis for consideration of gene therapy products environmental risk assessment and take different regulatory measures according to the level of environmental risk of the product.
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基因治疗产品在使用过程中可能发生意外泄露或脱落,从而将其所携带的遗传物质整合至其他非患者人群或动植物体内,对生态系统和人类健康造成不利影响。为降低基因治疗产品可能带来的环境风险,美国、欧盟均制定了相关法律法规并出台专门指南,对基因治疗产品临床试验及上市注册过程中的环境风险评估的开展、审查及具体步骤作出规定。我国目前对基因治疗产品的环境风险问题尚未进行专门规定,建议我国可借鉴欧美的相关做法,建立基因治疗产品环境风险监管法律法规体系,明确环境风险评估具体步骤;统一基因治疗产品申请注册与环境风险评估的监管机构和审评程序;确立科学合理的基因治疗产品环境风险评估考量依据并根据产品环境风险大小采取不同的监管措施。
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谢金平
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