Article(id=1241311711274266878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, issueId=1241311708883513558, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.01.10, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1672243200000, receivedDateStr=2022-12-29, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1702224000000, acceptedDateStr=2023-12-11, onlineDate=1773881374424, onlineDateStr=2026-03-19, pubDate=1706112000000, pubDateStr=2024-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773881374424, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773881374424, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773881374424, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241311708883513558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, year='2024', volume='43', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='78', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773881373854, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773882024061, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241314436116435425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, issueId=1241311708883513558, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241314436116435426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, issueId=1241311708883513558, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=51, endPage=56, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241311711492370709, articleId=1241311711274266878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, language=EN, title=Establishment and evaluation of a prediction model for levosimendan induced arrhythmia based on logistic regression and ROC curve, columnId=1207314218647392369, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of New Drugs and Clinical Remedies, columnName=Original Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
AIM

To explore the clinical characteristics of levosimendan-induced arrhythmia, analyze the possible risk factors, and establish a prediction model.

METHODS

Clinical data of 643 discharged patients treated with levosimendan in a 3rd Grade Class A hospital from October 2020 to June 2022 were retrospectively collected and the time and type of arrhythmia were analyzed. Logistic regression analysis and ROC curve analysis were used to construct and evaluate the prediction model. Clinical data from another 69 patients were collected to verify the accuracy of the model.

RESULTS

Among 643 discharged patients, 94 cases (14.6%) had arrhythmias, of which 82 cases (87%) occurred during infusion and 2 days after infusion, and atrial fibrillation (32%) was the most common. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the lowest blood potassium within 5 days after medication, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LV), and micropump velocity > 0.2 μg·kg-1·min-1 were independent risk factors for levosimendan-induced arrhythmia (all P<0.05), with the prediction model formula logit (P) =2.821-0.873× lowest serum potassium within 5 days after medication (0: >3.89mmol·L-1; 1:≤3.89 mmol·L-1) +0.697×LV (0:≤55 mm; 1: > 55 mm) -1.054× micropump speed >0.2 μg·kg-1·min-1 (0: no; 1: yes).When the cutoff value of logit (P) was 0.91, the area under the ROC curve was 0.672 (95% confidence interval: 0.627 to 0.715, P<0.001). The accuracy of the internal verification prediction model was 83%.

CONCLUSION

The incidence of arrhythmia induced by levosimendan is high, and ECG monitoring should be strengthened within 2 days after infusion. Blood potassium and micropump speed within 5 days after medication are controllable factors, and intervention should be strengthened to reduce the incidence of arrhythmia.

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目的

探讨左西孟旦致心律失常的临床特点,分析可能的危险因素,并建立预测模型。

方法

回顾性收集2020年10月—2022年6月于某三甲医院接受左西孟旦治疗的643例出院患者的临床资料,分析发生心律失常的时间和类型,采用logistic回归分析和ROC曲线分析构建预测模型,另选取69例患者临床资料验证模型准确率。

结果

在643例出院患者中,94例(14.6%)发生心律失常,其中有82例(87%)发生在输液中及输液后2 d,以心房颤动(32%)最为常见。多因素logistic回归分析显示,用药后5 d内最低血钾、左室舒张末期内径(LV)扩大、微泵速度> 0.2 μg·kg-1·min-1是左西孟旦致心律失常发生的独立危险因素(均P<0.05),建立预测模型公式logit(P)=2.821-0.873×用药后5 d内最低血钾(0:>3.89 mmol·L-1;1:≤3.89 mmol·L-1)+0.697×LV(0:≤55 mm;1:>55 mm)-1.054×微泵速度> 0.2 μg·kg-1·min-1(0:否;1:是)。logit(P)截断值为0.91时,ROC曲线下面积为0.672(95%置信区间:0.627~0.715,P<0.001)。内部验证预测模型的准确率为83%。

结论

左西孟旦致心律失常发生率较高,输液后2 d内应加强心电监护。用药后5 d内血钾和微泵速度是可控因素,应加强干预,从而降低心律失常发生率。

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孙国君
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孙国君,男,副教授,硕士,主要从事药事管理的研究,E-mail:

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A:年龄,B:凝血酶原时间,C:肌酐清除率,D:用药后5 d内最低血钾,E:左室舒张末期内径,F:左室射血分数

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因素心律失常组(n=94)未发生心律失常组(n=549)t/χ2/ZP
年龄/岁73.50(66.75, 83.00)71.00(63.00, 79.00)2.0120.044
男性/例(%)52(55)320(58.3)0.2900.590
基础疾病/例(%)
高血压42(45)280(51.0)1.2830.257
冠心病62(66)360(65.6)0.0050.942
2型糖尿病24(26)122(22.2)0.5010.479
脑梗死20(21)140(25.5)0.7660.381
心房颤动35(37)199(36.2)0.0340.854
心力衰竭87(93)478(87.1)2.2660.132
入院时心功能分级/例(%)5.4070.144
Ⅰ级5(5)71(12.9)
Ⅱ级12(13)79(14.4)
Ⅲ级48(51)263(47.9)
Ⅳ级29(31)136(24.8)
实验室检查
肝功能异常/例(%)14(15)33(6.0)9.3470.000
TB /μmol·L-119.65(12.62, 31.55)18.30(12.55, 26.40)1.2550.209
ALB /g·L-135.36±4.2436.14±5.211.3760.169
PT /s13.85(12.68, 15.40)13.20(12.20, 14.90)2.4010.016
空腹GLU /mmol·L-15.95(4.62, 8.81)5.49(4.67, 6.98)1.4510.147
用药前血钾/mmol·L-14.20±0.544.15±0.620.6850.494
用药前血镁/mmol·L-10.83(0.75, 0.94)0.83(0.76, 0.90)0.6840.494
用药前BNP /pg∙mL-16 124.00(2 657.50, 14 698.00)4 932.50(1 481.75,11 542.00)1.5320.126
CCr /mL∙min-164.59±32.1872.23±39.072.0570.041
用药后5 d内最低血钾/mmol·L-13.64±0.593.78±0.622.1230.034
用药后5 d内最低血镁/ mmol·L-10.81±0.110.82±0.110.6220.534
心脏彩超
LA /mm43.50(37.00, 51.00)42.00(36.00,48.00)0.8930.372
LV /mm55.00(47.75, 60.00)50.00(44.00, 58.00)2.3480.019
RA /mm36.50(32.75, 44.25)37.00(33.00,42.00)0.3830.702
LVEF /%45.50(35.75, 56.25)52.00(44.00, 59.00)2.4680.014
二尖瓣反流/例(%)44(47)307(55.9)2.6880.101
重复使用间隔<5 d/例(%)12(13)68(12.4)0.0110.918
微泵速度>0.2 μg·kg-1·min-1/例(%)26(28)75(13.7)15.000<0.001
联用左氧氟沙星/例(%)15(16)61(11.1)1.8090.179
联用甘草酸制剂/例(%)8(9)29(5.3)0.5150.473
联用莫西沙星/例(%)4(4)19(3.5)0.0011.000
联用莫沙必利/例(%)21(22)115(20.9)0.0930.760
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左西孟旦致心律失常可能危险因素的单因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素心律失常组(n=94)未发生心律失常组(n=549)t/χ2/ZP
年龄/岁73.50(66.75, 83.00)71.00(63.00, 79.00)2.0120.044
男性/例(%)52(55)320(58.3)0.2900.590
基础疾病/例(%)
高血压42(45)280(51.0)1.2830.257
冠心病62(66)360(65.6)0.0050.942
2型糖尿病24(26)122(22.2)0.5010.479
脑梗死20(21)140(25.5)0.7660.381
心房颤动35(37)199(36.2)0.0340.854
心力衰竭87(93)478(87.1)2.2660.132
入院时心功能分级/例(%)5.4070.144
Ⅰ级5(5)71(12.9)
Ⅱ级12(13)79(14.4)
Ⅲ级48(51)263(47.9)
Ⅳ级29(31)136(24.8)
实验室检查
肝功能异常/例(%)14(15)33(6.0)9.3470.000
TB /μmol·L-119.65(12.62, 31.55)18.30(12.55, 26.40)1.2550.209
ALB /g·L-135.36±4.2436.14±5.211.3760.169
PT /s13.85(12.68, 15.40)13.20(12.20, 14.90)2.4010.016
空腹GLU /mmol·L-15.95(4.62, 8.81)5.49(4.67, 6.98)1.4510.147
用药前血钾/mmol·L-14.20±0.544.15±0.620.6850.494
用药前血镁/mmol·L-10.83(0.75, 0.94)0.83(0.76, 0.90)0.6840.494
用药前BNP /pg∙mL-16 124.00(2 657.50, 14 698.00)4 932.50(1 481.75,11 542.00)1.5320.126
CCr /mL∙min-164.59±32.1872.23±39.072.0570.041
用药后5 d内最低血钾/mmol·L-13.64±0.593.78±0.622.1230.034
用药后5 d内最低血镁/ mmol·L-10.81±0.110.82±0.110.6220.534
心脏彩超
LA /mm43.50(37.00, 51.00)42.00(36.00,48.00)0.8930.372
LV /mm55.00(47.75, 60.00)50.00(44.00, 58.00)2.3480.019
RA /mm36.50(32.75, 44.25)37.00(33.00,42.00)0.3830.702
LVEF /%45.50(35.75, 56.25)52.00(44.00, 59.00)2.4680.014
二尖瓣反流/例(%)44(47)307(55.9)2.6880.101
重复使用间隔<5 d/例(%)12(13)68(12.4)0.0110.918
微泵速度>0.2 μg·kg-1·min-1/例(%)26(28)75(13.7)15.000<0.001
联用左氧氟沙星/例(%)15(16)61(11.1)1.8090.179
联用甘草酸制剂/例(%)8(9)29(5.3)0.5150.473
联用莫西沙星/例(%)4(4)19(3.5)0.0011.000
联用莫沙必利/例(%)21(22)115(20.9)0.0930.760
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影响因素AUC95%Cl截断值P敏感度特异性约登指数
年龄0.5650.526, 0.604690.045 169.1544.440.135 9
凝血酶原时间0.5770.538, 0.61613.20.008 864.8951.460.163 5
肌酐清除率0.5610.522, 0.60080.50.046 876.6038.980.155 8
用药后5 d内最低血钾0.5670.526, 0.6073.890.027 975.2841.370.166 5
左室舒张末期内径0.5950.549, 0.640550.013 648.2867.890.161 7
左室射血分数0.6000.555, 0.644400.015 943.1077.650.207 5
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ROC曲线分析6种影响因素的截断值

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影响因素AUC95%Cl截断值P敏感度特异性约登指数
年龄0.5650.526, 0.604690.045 169.1544.440.135 9
凝血酶原时间0.5770.538, 0.61613.20.008 864.8951.460.163 5
肌酐清除率0.5610.522, 0.60080.50.046 876.6038.980.155 8
用药后5 d内最低血钾0.5670.526, 0.6073.890.027 975.2841.370.166 5
左室舒张末期内径0.5950.549, 0.640550.013 648.2867.890.161 7
左室射血分数0.6000.555, 0.644400.015 943.1077.650.207 5
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影响因素βSEWaldPOR95%CI
用药后5 d内最低血钾−0.8730.3396.6270.0100.4180.215, 0.812
左室舒张末期内径0.4970.3921.8080.0451.8431.763, 2.541
微泵速度−1.0540.30312.126<0.0010.3480.192, 0.631
), ArticleFig(id=1241311718995980866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205117082300743687, articleId=1241311711274266878, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

左西孟旦致心律失常的多因素二元logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
影响因素βSEWaldPOR95%CI
用药后5 d内最低血钾−0.8730.3396.6270.0100.4180.215, 0.812
左室舒张末期内径0.4970.3921.8080.0451.8431.763, 2.541
微泵速度−1.0540.30312.126<0.0010.3480.192, 0.631
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基于logistic回归和ROC曲线构建左西孟旦致心律失常预测模型与评价
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黄珍 1, 2 , 武东 2 , 黄迅 3 , 孙国君 1
中国新药与临床杂志 | 论著 2024,43(1): 51-56
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中国新药与临床杂志 | 论著 2024, 43(1): 51-56
基于logistic回归和ROC曲线构建左西孟旦致心律失常预测模型与评价
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黄珍1, 2 , 武东2, 黄迅3, 孙国君1
作者信息
  • 1.浙江工业大学 药学院,浙江 杭州 310000
  • 2.阜阳市人民医院,安徽 阜阳 236000
  • 3.天津中医药大学,天津 301600
  • 黄珍,女,硕士在读,主要从事药事管理的研究,E-mail:

    孙国君,男,副教授,硕士,主要从事药事管理的研究,E-mail:

通讯作者:

孙国君
Establishment and evaluation of a prediction model for levosimendan induced arrhythmia based on logistic regression and ROC curve
Zhen HUANG1, 2 , Dong WU2, Xun HUANG3, Guo-jun SUN1
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou ZHEJIANG 310000, China
  • 2.Fuyang People’s Hospital, Fuyang ANHUI 236000, China
  • 3.Tianjin University of Chinese Medicine, TIANJIN 301600, China
出版时间: 2024-01-25 doi: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.01.10
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目的

探讨左西孟旦致心律失常的临床特点,分析可能的危险因素,并建立预测模型。

方法

回顾性收集2020年10月—2022年6月于某三甲医院接受左西孟旦治疗的643例出院患者的临床资料,分析发生心律失常的时间和类型,采用logistic回归分析和ROC曲线分析构建预测模型,另选取69例患者临床资料验证模型准确率。

结果

在643例出院患者中,94例(14.6%)发生心律失常,其中有82例(87%)发生在输液中及输液后2 d,以心房颤动(32%)最为常见。多因素logistic回归分析显示,用药后5 d内最低血钾、左室舒张末期内径(LV)扩大、微泵速度> 0.2 μg·kg-1·min-1是左西孟旦致心律失常发生的独立危险因素(均P<0.05),建立预测模型公式logit(P)=2.821-0.873×用药后5 d内最低血钾(0:>3.89 mmol·L-1;1:≤3.89 mmol·L-1)+0.697×LV(0:≤55 mm;1:>55 mm)-1.054×微泵速度> 0.2 μg·kg-1·min-1(0:否;1:是)。logit(P)截断值为0.91时,ROC曲线下面积为0.672(95%置信区间:0.627~0.715,P<0.001)。内部验证预测模型的准确率为83%。

结论

左西孟旦致心律失常发生率较高,输液后2 d内应加强心电监护。用药后5 d内血钾和微泵速度是可控因素,应加强干预,从而降低心律失常发生率。

左西孟旦  /  心律失常  /  危险因素  /  logistic模型  /  ROC曲线
AIM

To explore the clinical characteristics of levosimendan-induced arrhythmia, analyze the possible risk factors, and establish a prediction model.

METHODS

Clinical data of 643 discharged patients treated with levosimendan in a 3rd Grade Class A hospital from October 2020 to June 2022 were retrospectively collected and the time and type of arrhythmia were analyzed. Logistic regression analysis and ROC curve analysis were used to construct and evaluate the prediction model. Clinical data from another 69 patients were collected to verify the accuracy of the model.

RESULTS

Among 643 discharged patients, 94 cases (14.6%) had arrhythmias, of which 82 cases (87%) occurred during infusion and 2 days after infusion, and atrial fibrillation (32%) was the most common. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the lowest blood potassium within 5 days after medication, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LV), and micropump velocity > 0.2 μg·kg-1·min-1 were independent risk factors for levosimendan-induced arrhythmia (all P<0.05), with the prediction model formula logit (P) =2.821-0.873× lowest serum potassium within 5 days after medication (0: >3.89mmol·L-1; 1:≤3.89 mmol·L-1) +0.697×LV (0:≤55 mm; 1: > 55 mm) -1.054× micropump speed >0.2 μg·kg-1·min-1 (0: no; 1: yes).When the cutoff value of logit (P) was 0.91, the area under the ROC curve was 0.672 (95% confidence interval: 0.627 to 0.715, P<0.001). The accuracy of the internal verification prediction model was 83%.

CONCLUSION

The incidence of arrhythmia induced by levosimendan is high, and ECG monitoring should be strengthened within 2 days after infusion. Blood potassium and micropump speed within 5 days after medication are controllable factors, and intervention should be strengthened to reduce the incidence of arrhythmia.

levosimendan  /  arrhythmias  /  risk factors  /  logistic model  /  ROC curve
黄珍, 武东, 黄迅, 孙国君. 基于logistic回归和ROC曲线构建左西孟旦致心律失常预测模型与评价. 中国新药与临床杂志, 2024 , 43 (1) : 51 -56 . DOI: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.01.10
Zhen HUANG, Dong WU, Xun HUANG, Guo-jun SUN. Establishment and evaluation of a prediction model for levosimendan induced arrhythmia based on logistic regression and ROC curve[J]. Chinese Journal of New Drugs and Clinical Remedies, 2024 , 43 (1) : 51 -56 . DOI: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.01.10
左西孟旦(levosimendan)作为Ⅱ型钙离子增敏剂,通过增加肌钙蛋白C对心肌细胞内钙离子的敏感性而增强心肌收缩力,同时激活ATP钾离子通道而发挥扩张血管作用,增加心输出量的同时不增加心肌耗氧量[1],已广泛用于治疗急性或晚期心力衰竭患者[2]。DESAI等[3]对近10年来发表的文献进行系统综述,证据表明在急性或晚期心力衰竭患者中,左西孟旦无论是单独或联合使用,比其他正性肌力药物更有优势。然而,随着左西孟旦的广泛应用,心律失常、低血钾等不良反应时有报道[4],且有资料显示在重症心脏瓣膜病患者中左西孟旦致心律失常发生率达21.20%[5],在难治性心源性休克患者中左西孟旦相关心律失常发生率为18.4%[6]。本课题组在前期临床研究中发现,临床应用左西孟旦致心律失常发生率为17.2%,以心房颤动和室性心律失常为主[7]。因此,在前期基础上,本研究回顾性统计分析643例应用左西孟旦治疗的出院患者的临床资料,探讨左西孟旦致心律失常的规律和特点,建立预测模型,另选取69例患者验证该模型的准确率。
选取2020年10月—2022年6月阜阳市人民医院(以下简称本院)使用左西孟旦治疗的643例出院患者的临床资料用于心律失常模型的建立。另收集2022年7月—2022年9月69例使用左西孟旦患者的临床资料验证该模型的准确率。本研究已通过本院医学伦理委员会批准(医伦理审查[2022]78号)。
纳入标准:(1)住院时间>3 d;(2)住院期间给予左西孟旦注射液(规格为5 mL:12.5 mg,齐鲁制药有限公司,批准文号为国药准字H20100043)以0.05~0.2 μg·kg-1·min-1速率静脉输注治疗。
排除标准:(1)年龄<18岁;(2)既往明确心律失常病史;(3)病例资料不完整或诊断不明。
左西孟旦与发生心律失常关联性评价,依据国家药品不良反应评价标准,仅纳入评价为肯定、很可能和可能的不良反应。
通过医院信息管理系统收集患者的临床资料。(1)基本信息:年龄、性别、基础疾病(高血压、冠心病、2型糖尿病、脑梗死、心房颤动、心力衰竭及心功能NYHA分级)。(2)实验室检查:丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、血清胆红素(TB)、血清白蛋白(ALB)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、空腹随机血糖(GLU)、用药前B型利钠肽(BNP)、血肌酐(CREA)、用药前及用药后5 d内最低血钾及血镁。(3)心脏彩超:左房内径(LA)、左室舒张末期内径(LV)、右房内径(RA)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、二尖瓣反流情况等。(4)左西孟旦用法用量:重复使用间隔、微泵速度、联用药物(左氧氟沙星、甘草酸制剂、莫西沙星、莫沙必利)。(5)肝功能异常:ALT超出正常值上限的3倍,肌酐清除率(CCr)=(140 -年龄)×体重/血肌酐(女性×0.85)。(6)心律失常:依据左西孟旦药品说明书,收集使用左西孟旦5 d内发生的心房颤动、心动过速、早搏等心律失常,心律失常类型的确定依据心电图或心电监护,由心内科医师诊断,收集病程记录中发生心律失常时间和类型。根据是否发生心律失常,将643例患者分为心律失常组和未发生心律失常组。
利用SPSS 23.0统计软件进行数据分析,正态分布的计量资料以表示,组间比较采用独立样本t检验,非正态分布的计量资料以中位数MP25P75)表示,组间比较采用独立样本Mann-Whitney U秩和检验。计数资料采用例数(百分比)表示,组间比较采用χ2检验。对单因素分析组间差异有显著性的连续变量采用MedCalc22.013(比利时Mariakerke)进行受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线分析,根据ROC曲线分析的结果取截断值,将连续变量转换为分类变量后再进行多因素二元logistic回归分析,建立预测模型。评价模型采用ROC曲线评价预测模型区分度,Hosmer-Lemeshow对模型校准度进行检验,以P<0.05为有显著差异。
共收集643例患者资料,发生心律失常94例(14.6%)。其中发生类型为心房颤动30例(32%)、室性心动过速13例(14%)、窦性心动过速12例(13%)、室性早搏10例(11 %),心室颤动9例(10 %)、房性心动过速9例(10 %)、心房扑动5例(5 %)、房性早搏5例(5 %)、室上性心动过速1例(1 %)。
左西孟旦致心律失常发生时间最常见于输液过程中,共34例(36%),其次为输液后1 d 28例(30%)、输液后1~2 d 20例(21%)、输液后2~5 d 12例(13%)。
2组患者在年龄、肝功能异常、PT、CCr、用药后5 d内最低血钾、LV、LVEF、输注左西孟旦微泵速度> 0.2 μg·kg-1·min-1方面,差异具有显著意义(P<0.05)。见表1
根据单因素分析结果,连续性变量年龄、PT、CCr、用药后5 d内最低血钾、LV、LVEF组间差异显著(P<0.05),可能是左西孟旦致心律失常发生的危险因素,采用ROC曲线分析法研究以上6种因素的预测情况和截断值,见图1。年龄、PT、CCr、用药后5 d内最低血钾、LV、LVEF对是否发生心律失常的预测价值显著(P<0.05),见表2
将ROC曲线分析结果进行赋值,以年龄(0:≤69岁;1:>69岁)、肝功能异常(ALT>120 U·L-1,0:否;1:是)、PT(0:≤13.2 s;1:>13.2 s)、CCr(0:>80.5 mL·min-1;1:≤80.5 mL·min-1)、用药后5 d内最低血钾(0:>3.89 mmol·L-1;1:≤3.89 mmol·L-1)、LV(0:≤55 mm;1:>55 mm)、LVEF(0:> 40%;1:≤40%)、微泵速度> 0.2 μg·kg-1·min-1(0:否;1:是)为自变量,心律失常(0:未发生,1:发生)为因变量进行多因素logistic回归分析。结果显示,用药后5 d内最低血钾(OR=0.418,P=0.01)、LV(OR=1.843,P=0.045)、微泵速度> 0.2 μg·kg-1·min-1(OR=0.348,P<0.001)是左西孟旦致心律失常的独立危险因素,见表3
对左西孟旦致心律失常的影响因素进行多因素分析后,取有意义的β值作为权重系数,建立logistic回归方程,得到预测模型公式:logit(P)=2.821-0.873×用药后5 d内最低血钾(0:>3.89 mmol·L-1,1:≤3.89 mmol·L-1)+0.497×LV(0:≤55 mm,1:>55 mm)-1.054×微泵速度>0.2 μg·kg-1·min-1(0:否,1:是),其中P为发生心律失常的概率。Hosmer-Lemeshow检验显示,该模型拟合度较好(χ2=2.481,P=0.648)。
ROC曲线分析结果显示:当logit(P)截断值为0.91时,曲线下面积(AUC)为0.672(95%的置信区间为:0.627~0.715,P<0.001),截断值处灵敏度和特异度分别为85.45%和41.10%,约登指数为0.265 6,见图2
采用69例患者临床资料进行内部验证,当logit(P)≤0.91时易发生心律失常,69例患者中有57例模型预测正确,准确率为83%。
左西孟旦作为一种正性肌力药,在体内主要分布于肝脏及肾脏,其血流动力学效应一般持续7~10 d,部分归因于左西孟旦的活性代谢产物OR-1896的半衰期约70~80 h,在停止输注后48 h达到最大血药浓度,药效持续5~7 d[8]。长时间维持有效浓度可能会增加药物相互作用、监测不及时等问题,从而导致左西孟旦在体内活性代谢物浓度增加或暴露时间延长,增加不良反应发生风险。本研究结果显示左西孟旦致心律失常发生率为14.6%,以房性、室性、窦性心律失常为主。已有实验证据表明左西孟旦有诱发心律失常的作用[9]。一项602例左西孟旦用药人群的前瞻性队列研究中新发心律失常发生率为14.1%[10],左西孟旦致心律失常发生类型主要为心房颤动或室性心动过速[11],与本研究结果相似。此外,本研究还发现在输液中及输液后2 d发生心律失常占比87.24%,心律失常的发生时间与其血流动力学效应相符。提示输注左西孟旦时及用药后2 d内应对患者心电进行监护,以早发现、早治疗,减少严重不良反应发生。
本研究表明,用药后5 d内最低血钾、LV扩大、微泵速度>0.2 μg·kg-1·min-1是左西孟旦致心律失常发生的独立危险因素。(1)左西孟旦促进ATP敏感钾离子通道开放,导致血清钾离子向细胞内转运、血钾浓度降低,易产生低钾血症[12]。血钾浓度降低引起心肌传导性、自律性受到抑制,同时促进心室肌细胞等非起搏细胞工作,增加起搏细胞舒张期的除极与多种异位心律的发生,使得心律失常和传导阻滞发生风险升高,严重者会导致尖端扭转型室性心动过速[4,13]。DU等[14]进行的一项动物实验发现,血钾浓度达到3.5 mmol·L-1时,心律失常的发生时间明显缩短。本研究发现维持血钾>3.89 mmol·L-1是减少严重心律失常发生的重要因素之一。定期复查电解质,及时发现血钾浓度异常,遵循个体化原则去除诱因,视患者具体病情进行补钾抗心律失常,一般无需停用左西孟旦。(2)LV反映左心室舒张功能,LV越大,则左心功能受损越严重。LV扩大导致QT离散度(QTd)增大,室性心律失常发生与QTd增大呈正相关[15]。在一项治疗室性心律失常患者的前瞻性研究中,LV≥55 mm被作为一个重要观察指标[16]。LIAO等[17]进行的一项研究表明,在收缩期功能正常的人群中,LV扩大是房颤发展的一个独立预测因素,且LV越大房颤发生风险越高。有临床研究发现LV≤ 53 mm是临床评估房颤和左心室收缩功能障碍患者功能恢复一个独立预测指标,反之则功能未恢复[18]。本研究ROC曲线结果显示,LV截断值取55 mm时可能增加心律失常发生的风险,这为临床医生提供一个很好的观察指标。患者用药前行心电图、心脏彩超监测临床指征,对预警阈值进行及早干预,有利于防止左心室扩大,减少室性心律、房颤等心律失常的发生。(3)左西孟旦推荐剂量为0.05~0.2 μg·kg-1·min-1,汪月奔等[19]研究提示大剂量左西孟旦可增加心律失常发生风险。何潇[20]报道输注左西孟旦0.2、0.3、0.4 μg·kg-1·min-1,心律失常发生率分别为4%、6%、12%。分析原因可能是较高的负荷剂量会产生较强的血流动力学效应,不良反应可能频繁出现。本研究还发现,在左西孟旦使用过程中,临床医生存在一定的思维定势。以2.1 mL·h-1的剂量泵入的医嘱高达90%,未考虑左西孟旦应依据体重调整维持剂量,尤其对于低体重患者,2.1 mL·h-1的给药速度可能会超过说明书规定的维持剂量上限0.3 μg·kg-1·min-1。因此在左西孟旦使用过程中应严格遵循说明书推荐的剂量范围,用药初期考虑患者体重带来的影响,根据患者的自身状况和反应不断调整剂量和用药时间。
目前利用多个危险因素建立左西孟旦致心律失常发生风险的预测模型较少。本研究单因素分析结果提示年龄、肝功能异常、PT、CCr、LVEF在心律失常组和未发生心律失常组差异显著,但ROC曲线和logistic回归分析检验显示,以上五种因素均不是独立危险因素。造成这一现象可能是在单因素分析中未考虑到混杂因素与(或)各因素之间的相互影响,而多因素分析能充分考虑到各因素之间的相互影响[21],且从ROC曲线也能直观地看出各因素不是简单的线性关系。因此,结合ROC曲线和logistic回归分析可以认为,年龄、肝功能异常、PT、CCr、LVEF与使用左西孟旦是否会发生心律失常无关,确定了用药后5 d内最低血钾、LV扩大、微泵速度> 0.2 μg·kg-1·min-1是左西孟旦致心律失常的独立危险因素。利用logistic回归拟合多个危险因素建立模型,预测心律失常发生风险,结果显示该模型预测发生心律失常的ROC曲线AUC为0.672,当logit(P)截断值为0.91时,预测模型的灵敏度和特异度分别为85.45%和41.10%。将69例患者代入模型,验证模型效能,预测准确率为83%,验证了该模型对预测心律失常的发生具有一定的预测价值。
但由于本研究仅在一所医院进行,研究样本较少,且未进行外部验证,存在一定的局限性。为提高结果的准确性,今后将进一步扩大研究样本量和研究范围,以期提供新的循证医学证据指导临床应用。
  • 浙江省科技计划重点软科学研究项目(2022C25007)
  • 阜阳市卫生健康委科研项目(FY2021-010)
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2024年第43卷第1期
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doi: 10.14109/j.cnki.xyylc.2024.01.10
  • 接收时间:2022-12-29
  • 首发时间:2026-03-19
  • 出版时间:2024-01-25
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  • 收稿日期:2022-12-29
  • 录用日期:2023-12-11
基金
浙江省科技计划重点软科学研究项目(2022C25007)
阜阳市卫生健康委科研项目(FY2021-010)
作者信息
    1.浙江工业大学 药学院,浙江 杭州 310000
    2.阜阳市人民医院,安徽 阜阳 236000
    3.天津中医药大学,天津 301600

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孙国君
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
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genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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