Article(id=1321170829501640925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1321170720168726830, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11847/zgggws1145738, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1723996800000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-19, revisedDate=1733241600000, revisedDateStr=2024-12-04, acceptedDate=1745337600000, acceptedDateStr=2025-04-23, onlineDate=1792921271920, onlineDateStr=2026-10-25, pubDate=1754755200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792921271920, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792921271920, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792921271920, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1321170720168726830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, year='2025', volume='41', issue='8', pageStart='897', pageEnd='1024', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1754755200000', pubDateStr='2025-08-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792921245852, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792921245852, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=929, endPage=935, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1321170829723939038, articleId=1321170829501640925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=EN, title=Association between pre-S/S amino acid variations of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis B surface antigen clearance, columnId=1321170739068260831, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Public Health, columnName=Special Report – Prevention as the First Line of Defense Against Hepatitis B, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

Analysis of the association between hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) clearance and amino acid mutations in the pre-S/S region of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) in a cohort from Wuwei city, Gansu province.

Methods

A cohort of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infected individuals was established at the Wuwei City Tumor Hospital in Gansu province during August 2018 and December 2022. Follow-up continued until December 31, 2022, with individuals who cleared HBsAg designated as the case group and those with persistent HBsAg positivity as the control group. Serum samples collected at baseline were subjected to next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the HBV pre-S/S region. Amino acid mutation rates and complexity were calculated. A sparse logistic regression (SLR) model was constructed to analyze the association between HBsAg clearance and amino acid mutations in the HBV pre-S/S region.

Results

A total of 171 patients with complete genotype C sequences were included, with 23 in the HBsAg clearance group and 148 in the persistent positive group. The average mutation frequency (Z = 2.881) and complexity (Z = 3.255) in the S region were significantly higher in the HBsAg persistent positive group than in the clearance group (P < 0.05). Mutations at 121 amino acid sites showed statistically significant differences between the two groups (P < 0.05), with 20 sites identified as effective mutation sites. Except for site H132, all other sites showed higher mutation rates in the HBsAg persistent positive group than in the clearance group (P < 0.05). An SLR model identified six characteristic indicators significantly associated with HBsAg clearance: HBV DNA, Sn_271, Sn_399, Sn_194, P_121, and Sn_397, with HBV DNA having the highest contribution.

Conclusions

Changes in amino acid sites in the HBV pre-S/S region may influence HBsAg clearance. The application of the SLR model provides new insights for precision treatment of CHB.

, authors=Yuemei WANG1, 2, Xiaojie YUAN2, Weilu ZHANG2, Zhaohua JI2, Zhen HE2, Ting FU2, Weikang WU2, Haowei ZHOU2, Yijun LI2, Linli XU2, Wenhua ZHANG3, Wenling JIA3, Chunhui LIANG3, Haitao TANG3, Fengmei WANG3, Chunmei ZHAO3, Zhongjun SHAO1, 2, authorsList=Yuemei WANG, Xiaojie YUAN, Weilu ZHANG, Zhaohua JI, Zhen HE, Ting FU, Weikang WU, Haowei ZHOU, Yijun LI, Linli XU, Wenhua ZHANG, Wenling JIA, Chunhui LIANG, Haitao TANG, Fengmei WANG, Chunmei ZHAO, Zhongjun SHAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zhongjun SHAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
SHAO Zhongjun, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2025 Chinese Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1321170832890638579, articleId=1321170829501640925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=CN, title=乙型肝炎病毒前S/S区氨基酸与表面抗原清除关联, columnId=1321170739219255777, journalTitle=中国公共卫生, columnName=专题报道——抗击乙肝,预防先行, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分析甘肃省武威市乙型肝炎专病队列表面抗原清除(HBsAg)与乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)前S/S区氨基酸的关联。

方法

于2018年8月—2022年12月在甘肃省武威市肿瘤医院建立慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)感染者专病队列。随访至2022年12月31日并将HBsAg清除者作为病例组,HBsAg持续阳性为对照组,采集基线调查时的血清样本进行HBV前S/S区二代测序(NGS),计算氨基酸突变率及复杂性。构建稀疏逻辑回归(SLR)模型,分析HBsAg清除与HBV前S/S区氨基酸的关联。

结果

共纳入171例测序完整的C基因型患者,其中HBsAg清除组23例、持续阳性组148例。HBsAg持续阳性组S区平均突变频率(Z=2.881)及复杂性(Z=3.255)均高于清除组(P<0.05)。共发现121个氨基酸位点的突变率在两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中有效突变位点20个,且除H132位点以外均表现为HBsAg持续阳性组高于清除组(P<0.05)。建立SLR模型筛选出HBV DNA、Sn_271、Sn_399、Sn_194、P_121和Sn_397这6个与HBsAg显著相关的特征指标,HBV DNA为最高贡献度指标。

结论

HBV前S/S区氨基酸位点的改变可能影响HBsAg的清除,SLR模型的应用为CHB精准治疗提供了新的思路。

, authors=王月梅1, 2, 袁筱婕2, 张维璐2, 吉兆华2, 贺真2, 付婷2, 伍维康2, 周灏溦2, 李怡君2, 徐琳莉2, 张文华3, 贾文玲3, 梁春辉3, 唐海涛3, 王凤梅3, 赵春梅3, 邵中军1, 2, *, *, authorsList=王月梅, 袁筱婕, 张维璐, 吉兆华, 贺真, 付婷, 伍维康, 周灏溦, 李怡君, 徐琳莉, 张文华, 贾文玲, 梁春辉, 唐海涛, 王凤梅, 赵春梅, 邵中军, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=邵中军, authorNote=

王月梅(1998—),硕士在读,研究方向:传染病学、乙型肝炎病毒

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邵中军,E-mail:
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PLoS One, 2022, 17(4): e0266134., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1321170845003788661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170829501640925, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=9, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu X, Chen S X, Liu H, et al. Host immunity and HBV S gene mutation in HBsAg-negative HBV-infected patients[J]. Frontiers in Immunology, 2023, 14: 1211980., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1321170845158977910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170829501640925, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Jia J A, Zhang S Q, Bai X, et al. Sparse logistic regression revealed the associations between HBV PreS quasispecies and hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Virology Journal, 2022, 19(1): 114., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1321170845238669687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170829501640925, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=11, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Kwak M S, Chung G E, Yang J I, et al. Long-term outcomes of HBsAg/anti-HBs double-positive versus HBsAg single-positive patients with chronic hepatitis B[J]. 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注:A:HBV前S/S区划分(AA:氨基酸);B~D:HBV DNA前S1区(B)、前S2区(C)、S区(D)编码氨基酸突变频率的组间比。

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注:A:前S/S区差异突变位点分区统计柱状图;B:有效突变位点韦恩图;C:HBsAg清除组与持续阳性组有统计学差异的有效突变位点。

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注:A~C:HBV DNA前S1区(A)、前S2区(B)、S区(C)编码氨基酸准种复杂性的组间比较。

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注:A:AUC;B:准确率;C:特异性;D:敏感性;Train为训练集;Test为测试集;log(C)为参数(C)的对数。

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注:A:SLR最相关10个特征贡献度柱状图;B–G:贡献特征提琴图

, figureFileSmall=2RPOA2njiUPJabzTcl3u9g==, figureFileBig=I/9FBtL8xG30oxzoStVlDQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170842428485992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170829501640925, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Analysis of basic characteristics of patients with HBsAg clearance and persistent positivity

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目男性/%a年龄/岁 bHBV DNA
阳性/%a
ALB/
(mg/dL)c
ALT/(U/L)cAST/(U/L)cTBIL/(mg/dL)cGGT/(U/L)cAFP/(ng/mL)c
HBsAg清除(n=23)17(73.9)47.8±10.24(17.4)48.6(46.7,51.3)43.4(30.2,64.1)29.1(24.0,41.7)17.00(14.0,22.1)33.0(23.0,36.1)2.1(1.6,3.6)
HBsAg持续阳性(n=148)76(51.4)39.0±11.7121(81.8)48.2(45.2,50.5)42.1(27.5,71.0)32.5(23.7,48.0)16.1(13.2,20.2)23.5(15.8,44.4)2.7(1.7,4.0)
Z/χ24.0843.45941.9391.0891.0890.4870.8011.3401.216
P值0.046<0.001<0.0010.2760.9060.6260.4230.1800.224
), ArticleFig(id=1321170842512372073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170829501640925, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

HBsAg清除与持续阳性患者的基本特征分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目男性/%a年龄/岁 bHBV DNA
阳性/%a
ALB/
(mg/dL)c
ALT/(U/L)cAST/(U/L)cTBIL/(mg/dL)cGGT/(U/L)cAFP/(ng/mL)c
HBsAg清除(n=23)17(73.9)47.8±10.24(17.4)48.6(46.7,51.3)43.4(30.2,64.1)29.1(24.0,41.7)17.00(14.0,22.1)33.0(23.0,36.1)2.1(1.6,3.6)
HBsAg持续阳性(n=148)76(51.4)39.0±11.7121(81.8)48.2(45.2,50.5)42.1(27.5,71.0)32.5(23.7,48.0)16.1(13.2,20.2)23.5(15.8,44.4)2.7(1.7,4.0)
Z/χ24.0843.45941.9391.0891.0890.4870.8011.3401.216
P值0.046<0.001<0.0010.2760.9060.6260.4230.1800.224
), ArticleFig(id=1321170842592063850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170829501640925, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Performance indicators of logistic regression and sparse logistic regression

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标稀疏逻辑回归逻辑回归
训练集测试集训练集测试集
准确率0.9230.9141.0000.886
AUC0.9230.8431.0000.609
敏感性0.8630.9351.0000.968
特异性0.9830.7501.0000.250
), ArticleFig(id=1321170842659172715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170829501640925, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

逻辑回归与稀疏逻辑回归的性能指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标稀疏逻辑回归逻辑回归
训练集测试集训练集测试集
准确率0.9230.9141.0000.886
AUC0.9230.8431.0000.609
敏感性0.8630.9351.0000.968
特异性0.9830.7501.0000.250
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乙型肝炎病毒前S/S区氨基酸与表面抗原清除关联
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王月梅 1, 2 , 袁筱婕 2 , 张维璐 2 , 吉兆华 2 , 贺真 2 , 付婷 2 , 伍维康 2 , 周灏溦 2 , 李怡君 2 , 徐琳莉 2 , 张文华 3 , 贾文玲 3 , 梁春辉 3 , 唐海涛 3 , 王凤梅 3 , 赵春梅 3 , 邵中军 1, 2, *, *
中国公共卫生 | 专题报道——抗击乙肝,预防先行 2025,41(8): 929-935
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中国公共卫生 |专题报道——抗击乙肝,预防先行 2025 , 41 (8) : 929 -935
乙型肝炎病毒前S/S区氨基酸与表面抗原清除关联
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王月梅1, 2, 袁筱婕2, 张维璐2, 吉兆华2, 贺真2, 付婷2, 伍维康2, 周灏溦2, 李怡君2, 徐琳莉2, 张文华3, 贾文玲3, 梁春辉3, 唐海涛3, 王凤梅3, 赵春梅3, 邵中军1, 2, *, *
作者信息
  • 1甘肃中医药大学公共卫生学院,兰州 730030
  • 2空军军医大学 军事预防医学系 军队防疫与流行病学教研室 特殊作业环境危害评估与防治教育部重点实验室,西安 710032
  • 3甘肃省武威肿瘤医院肝胆中心,武威 733000
通讯作者:
邵中军,E-mail:
作者简介:

王月梅(1998—),硕士在读,研究方向:传染病学、乙型肝炎病毒

Association between pre-S/S amino acid variations of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis B surface antigen clearance
Yuemei WANG1, 2, Xiaojie YUAN2, Weilu ZHANG2, Zhaohua JI2, Zhen HE2, Ting FU2, Weikang WU2, Haowei ZHOU2, Yijun LI2, Linli XU2, Wenhua ZHANG3, Wenling JIA3, Chunhui LIANG3, Haitao TANG3, Fengmei WANG3, Chunmei ZHAO3, Zhongjun SHAO1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1School of Public Health, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730030, China
  • 2Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment and Protection in Shaanxi Province, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Department of Military Epidemic Prevention and Epidemiology, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi′an 710032, China
  • 3Hepatobiliary Centre, Wuwei Tumour Hospital, Wuwei 733000, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    SHAO Zhongjun, E-mail:
出版时间: 2025-08-10 doi: 10.11847/zgggws1145738
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目的

分析甘肃省武威市乙型肝炎专病队列表面抗原清除(HBsAg)与乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)前S/S区氨基酸的关联。

方法

于2018年8月—2022年12月在甘肃省武威市肿瘤医院建立慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)感染者专病队列。随访至2022年12月31日并将HBsAg清除者作为病例组,HBsAg持续阳性为对照组,采集基线调查时的血清样本进行HBV前S/S区二代测序(NGS),计算氨基酸突变率及复杂性。构建稀疏逻辑回归(SLR)模型,分析HBsAg清除与HBV前S/S区氨基酸的关联。

结果

共纳入171例测序完整的C基因型患者,其中HBsAg清除组23例、持续阳性组148例。HBsAg持续阳性组S区平均突变频率(Z=2.881)及复杂性(Z=3.255)均高于清除组(P<0.05)。共发现121个氨基酸位点的突变率在两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中有效突变位点20个,且除H132位点以外均表现为HBsAg持续阳性组高于清除组(P<0.05)。建立SLR模型筛选出HBV DNA、Sn_271、Sn_399、Sn_194、P_121和Sn_397这6个与HBsAg显著相关的特征指标,HBV DNA为最高贡献度指标。

结论

HBV前S/S区氨基酸位点的改变可能影响HBsAg的清除,SLR模型的应用为CHB精准治疗提供了新的思路。

乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)  /  表面抗原(HBsAg)清除  /  前S/S区  /  二代测序(NGS)  /  稀疏逻辑回归(SLR)
Objective

Analysis of the association between hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) clearance and amino acid mutations in the pre-S/S region of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) in a cohort from Wuwei city, Gansu province.

Methods

A cohort of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infected individuals was established at the Wuwei City Tumor Hospital in Gansu province during August 2018 and December 2022. Follow-up continued until December 31, 2022, with individuals who cleared HBsAg designated as the case group and those with persistent HBsAg positivity as the control group. Serum samples collected at baseline were subjected to next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the HBV pre-S/S region. Amino acid mutation rates and complexity were calculated. A sparse logistic regression (SLR) model was constructed to analyze the association between HBsAg clearance and amino acid mutations in the HBV pre-S/S region.

Results

A total of 171 patients with complete genotype C sequences were included, with 23 in the HBsAg clearance group and 148 in the persistent positive group. The average mutation frequency (Z = 2.881) and complexity (Z = 3.255) in the S region were significantly higher in the HBsAg persistent positive group than in the clearance group (P < 0.05). Mutations at 121 amino acid sites showed statistically significant differences between the two groups (P < 0.05), with 20 sites identified as effective mutation sites. Except for site H132, all other sites showed higher mutation rates in the HBsAg persistent positive group than in the clearance group (P < 0.05). An SLR model identified six characteristic indicators significantly associated with HBsAg clearance: HBV DNA, Sn_271, Sn_399, Sn_194, P_121, and Sn_397, with HBV DNA having the highest contribution.

Conclusions

Changes in amino acid sites in the HBV pre-S/S region may influence HBsAg clearance. The application of the SLR model provides new insights for precision treatment of CHB.

hepatitis B virus (HBV)  /  hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) clearance  /  pre-S/S region  /  next-generation sequencing (NGS)  /  sparse logistic regression (SLR)
王月梅, 袁筱婕, 张维璐, 吉兆华, 贺真, 付婷, 伍维康, 周灏溦, 李怡君, 徐琳莉, 张文华, 贾文玲, 梁春辉, 唐海涛, 王凤梅, 赵春梅, 邵中军. 乙型肝炎病毒前S/S区氨基酸与表面抗原清除关联. 中国公共卫生, 2025 , 41 (8) : 929 -935 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1145738
Yuemei WANG, Xiaojie YUAN, Weilu ZHANG, Zhaohua JI, Zhen HE, Ting FU, Weikang WU, Haowei ZHOU, Yijun LI, Linli XU, Wenhua ZHANG, Wenling JIA, Chunhui LIANG, Haitao TANG, Fengmei WANG, Chunmei ZHAO, Zhongjun SHAO. Association between pre-S/S amino acid variations of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis B surface antigen clearance[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2025 , 41 (8) : 929 -935 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1145738
乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus, HBV)感染仍是严重影响中国国民健康的重要公共卫生问题之一,是引起慢性乙型肝炎(chronic hepatitis B, CHB)、肝硬化(liver cirrhosis, LC)和肝细胞肝癌(hepatocellular carcinoma, HCC)的主要原因[1]。目前我国有2 000万~3 000万例CHB患者[2]。且一项研究发现在中国东部地区约有87.5%的肝癌与HBV感染有关[3]。乙型肝炎表面抗原(hepatitis B surface antigen, HBsAg)是HBV感染的重要血清学标志物,位于HBV DNA负链开放读码框架(open reading frame, ORF)的前S/S区,可转录大、中、小3种HBsAg。目前CHB患者治疗的理想终点是血清HBsAg清除的功能性治愈,但是核苷(酸)类似物治疗的HBsAg转阴率仅约为0.58%,加用干扰素可提高至6.55%[4],治愈率仍然不理想。既往研究表明,HBV前S/S区变异可能导致病毒逃逸宿主免疫[5],但与HBsAg清除的关系仍不十分清楚。本研究采用基于乙型肝炎专病队列的巢式病例对照研究设计,通过二代测序(next-generation sequencing, NGS)技术对基线血清样本的HBV前S/S区进行测序,计算氨基酸突变频率及准种复杂性,建立稀疏逻辑回归模型(sparse logistic regression, SLR)分析C型CHB患者的HBsAg清除与前S/S区的关联,为精准治疗和功能性治愈提供数据支持。
2018年8月—2022年12月,在甘肃省武威市肿瘤医院肝胆中心纳入慢性HBV感染者3 882例建立乙型肝炎专病队列。队列的纳入标准为:至少6个月HBsAg血清学检测阳性者;排除标准为:其他形式病毒性肝炎(如甲型肝炎和丙型肝炎等)、药物性肝损伤、遗传性肝病、自身免疫性疾病、内分泌代谢疾病、血液系统疾病及未完成检查者。纳入队列的患者每半年随访一次,随访形式为调查人员通过电话告知患者前往医院,随访内容包括:一般资料(姓名、身份证号、电话等)、肝功指标、乙肝5项和HBV DNA等。本研究基于武威乙肝专病队列采用巢式病例对照设计,以2022年12月31日前出现一次HBsAg清除且后续随访不复阳为病例组,以随访过程中HBsAg持续阳性为对照组。对其基线血清检测NGS,共完成239例,其中171例C基因型完整前S/S区(HBsAg清除23例、HBsAg持续阳性148例)。
问卷调查收集患者的基本信息和临床检查结果,采集基线调查时患者的外周血样本离心后置于−80 ℃冰箱中长期保存备检。本研究已获得甘肃省武威肿瘤医院医学伦理委员会的批准(伦理审查号:2024-伦理审查-10),并且所有参与者均签署了知情同意书。
采用病毒核酸提取试剂盒(中国西安天隆Ex-DNA/RNA病毒4.0)提取基线血清样本的HBV DNA。根据引物进行两轮PCR扩增(HBV1200F: 5'-GGGTCACCATATWCTTGGGAACAA-3',HBV1200R: 5'-TTTRTKAGGGTTTAAATGTATRCCCA-3')。两轮扩增完成后的PCR产物进行1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳,阳性者采用琼脂糖凝胶DNA回收试剂盒以及乙型肝炎病毒核酸定量测定试剂盒(PCR荧光探针法)纯化和定量检测。
采用QIAseq FX DNA建库核心试剂盒、QIAseq Y型UDI接头试剂盒D构建文库;Qubit 1X dsDNA HS Assay Kit(invitrogen)检测文库浓度,通过电泳确定片段已成功切断。采用Illumina平台Miseq高通量测序进行二代测序。
测序序列处理。(1)质量控制:通过质量控制得分Q20修剪序列,去除接头和低质量序列(Q20表示碱基调用的准确度为99%)等。(2)去嵌合体:通过序列比对等方式识别和去嵌合体。(3)组装:De novo组装序列片段。(4)翻译:根据NCBI数据库将核苷酸序列翻译成氨基酸。
利用本地化的NCBI Blast(basic local alignment search tool)工具包在Unix系统终端界面,以命令行的形式比对序列相似性,从GenBank数据库中下载HBV A-H基因型参考株序列比对绘制进化树并确定最终分型,参考序列如下:A(X51970、AF090842、X02763),B(AB073846、AB602818、D00329),C(AB014381、M12906、X04615),D(M32138、X65259、X85254),E(AB032431、X75657),F(AB036910、AF223965、X69798),G(AB064310、AF160501),H(AY090454、AY090457、AY090460)。
使用SAS 9.4分析数据,采用$ \overline{x}\pm\mathit{s} $或M(P25,P75)表示计量资料,组间比较采用t检验或Mann-Whitney U检验。采用n(%)表示计数资料,组间比较采用χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。采用香农熵(Shannon entropy, Sn)分析氨基酸复杂性,公式为:
$ Sn_i=-\sum\nolimits_{i=1}^{20}P_i\mathrm{log}_2P_i $
其中$ {P}_{i} $是氨基在位置$ i $出现的频率。
建立经典逻辑回归模型(logistic regression, LR)和SLR模型,比较两种模型性能指标,选择最优参数。采用Python 3.11软件中的Scikit-learn包实现模型的建立,纳入每个位点的突变频率(P)、Sn、谷丙转氨酶(alanine transaminase, ALT)、谷草转氨酶(aspartate transaminase, AST)、甲胎蛋白(alpha-fetoprotein, AFP)、白蛋白(albumin, ALB)、γ–谷氨酰转移酶(gamma-glutamyl transferase, GGT)、总胆红素(total bilirubin, TBIL)和HBV DNA共9个指标,并且使用准确率、ROC曲线下面积(area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic, AUC)、敏感性和特异性4个标准评估模型的性能。
共完成测序239例,其中C基因型185例(77.4%)。在这些确定为C基因型的患者中选取HBV前S/S区完整的样本,最终得到171例拥有完整的前S/S区,其中HBsAg清除23例、HBsAg持续阳性148例。HBsAg清除组年龄(Z=3.459)、男性患者(χ2=4.084)和HBV DNA阴性(χ2=41.939)患者构成均高于持续阳性组(均P<0.05)。
将前S/S区分为S区、前S1区、前S2区(图1A),比较HBsAg清除组与持续阳性组之间的平均突变频率。HBsAg持续阳性组S区氨基酸平均突变频率高于清除组(Z=2.881,P<0.05),前S1区(Z=0.765)与前S2区(Z=0.954)平均突变频率在2组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05,图1B-D)。
HBV前S/S区共发现121个氨基酸突变位点在两组间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中有89个位点位于S区、32个位于前S2区、前S1区中未发现有统计学差异的突变位点(图2A)。其中仅在前S区发现4个氨基酸突变位点(H132、F352、L359、L365)的突变频率为HBsAg清除组高于持续阳性组,其余突变位点均为持续阳性组高于清除组。病毒前S/S区共有137个氨基酸位点的突变频率>0.10,占总氨基酸数的34.3%。清除组有31个(22.6%)、持续阳性组有14个(10.2%),两组共同的有效突变位点有92个(68.2%,图2B)。比较两组间有效突变位点的突变率,有统计学差异的共20个(P<0.05),且这些有效突变位点中除了H132位点外,均为HBsAg持续阳性组的突变频率均高于清除组(图2C)。
采用Sn比较HBsAg清除组与持续阳性组前S/S区的复杂性(图3A-C)。HBsAg持续阳性组的S区(Z=3.255)和前S2区(Z=5.425)复杂性均高于清除组(P<0.05),前S1区复杂性差异无统计学意义(Z=0.140,P>0.05)
建立LR和SLR模型分析HBV前S/S区氨基酸与HBsAg清除之间的关联。将171例样本按照3:7随机分为训练集与测试集,纳入每个位点的突变频率(P)和香农熵(Sn)以及ALT、AST、ALB、AFP、GGT、TBIL、HBV DNA 7个指标。通过调整参数C对SLR模型拟合,当C=0.616即log(C)=0.487时,在测试集中模型的准确率、AUC、敏感性和特异性分别为0.923、0.923、0.863和0.983(图4A-D),此时的模型拟合效果最好。且测试集中SLR模型的准确率、AUC和特异性均高于LR模型,SLR模型的整体拟合效果更好。
采用SLR模型贡献度最高的前10个指标,其中HBV DNA的贡献度最高(图5A)。对10个指标进行组间比较发现,HBV DNA、Sn_271、Sn_399、Sn_194、P_121和Sn_397在HBsAg清除组与持续阳性组间的差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05,图5B-G)。
本研究采用巢式病例对照研究设计比较了HBsAg清除组与持续阳性组HBV前S/S区氨基酸位点的突变频率和复杂性,结果表明,HBsAg持续阳性组的基线血清HBV DNAS区氨基酸突变频率以及S区、前S2区复杂性均高于HBsAg清除组。共发现121个氨基酸突变位点在两组中存在差异,其中20个位点平均突变率>0.10,且仅有H132位点的突变频率为HBsAg清除组高于持续阳性组。通过SLR模型拟合发现6个在两组间具有差异的高贡献度指标,分别为HBV DNA、Sn_271、Sn_399、Sn_194、P_121和Sn_397。
HBsAg编码区位于HBV病毒前S/S区,其中由S区基因编码的HBsAg是HBV主要的抗原域,由226个氨基酸组成,也是最重要的免疫功能区域[6]。本研究发现HBsAg持续阳性组的S区平均突变频率和复杂性均高于清除组,意味着S区的突变和高复杂性可能是阻碍HBsAg清除的原因之一,这也为后续的治疗加大了难度。既往研究表明,S区的突变可能诱导HBsAg的抗原性或病毒的适应性发生改变,甚至产生免疫逃逸,该区域的缺失突变、无义突变以及错义突变均可诱导HBsAg抗原性的改变,从而影响特异性抗体的产生[7–8]。
本研究共发现121个氨基酸突变位点在HBsAg清除组与持续阳性组中存在差异,其中20个为有效突变位点(突变频率大于10%)。Thi Cam Huong N 等[9]的研究同样观察到类似突变,且这些位点的突变可能影响HCC的发生发展。本研究还发现在这20个位点中只有H132是HBsAg清除组高于持续阳性组,Liu X等[10]研究同样有此发现,可能与疫苗接种、药物治疗以及隐匿性感染有关。本研究考虑到NGS数据(P、Sn)数据量及α错误概率,采用SLR模型并纳入ALB、APF、AST、GGT、ALT、TBIL和HBV DNA宏观变量,并与LR模型拟合效果比较。经过对SLR模型与LR模型的比较,观察到除敏感性以外,SLR模型的AUC、特异性、准确率3个性能指标均优于LR模型,整体拟合效果更好,与Jia J A等[11]观察到的SLR模型优于LR模型结果一致。通过SLR模型获取了贡献度排名前十的指标,并发现HBV DNA、Sn_271、Sn_399、Sn_194、P_121和Sn_397在HBsAg清除组与持续阳性组间比较差异均有统计学意义,其中贡献度最高的是HBV DNA,意味着HBV DNA是影响HBsAg清除的最关键指标,因为外周血HBsAg与HBV DNA载量呈正相关关系[12]。其余5个指标均为NGS数据结果,也说明NGS的数据结果与模型的结合能准确地获得两组之间差异的关键位点信息。此外,这5个位点(Sn_271、Sn_399、Sn_194、P_121和Sn_397)的突变也曾被研究者报道[9]。但由于本研究仅在武威乙型肝炎专病队列中开展且样本量少,所以该模型还有待进一步验证与完善。
本研究发现,HBV DNA水平及HBV前S/S区氨基酸关键位点的改变可能影响HBsAg的清除,并开发了SLR预测模型,为CHB治愈的预测及精准治疗方法的开发提供数据支持。

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2025年第41卷第8期
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doi: 10.11847/zgggws1145738
  • 接收时间:2024-08-19
  • 首发时间:2026-10-25
  • 出版时间:2025-08-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-19
  • 修回日期:2024-12-04
  • 录用日期:2025-04-23
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    1甘肃中医药大学公共卫生学院,兰州 730030
    2空军军医大学 军事预防医学系 军队防疫与流行病学教研室 特殊作业环境危害评估与防治教育部重点实验室,西安 710032
    3甘肃省武威肿瘤医院肝胆中心,武威 733000

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