Article(id=1321170807947112472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1321170720168726830, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11847/zgggws1146278, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1730304000000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-31, revisedDate=1733241600000, revisedDateStr=2024-12-04, acceptedDate=1752422400000, acceptedDateStr=2025-07-14, onlineDate=1792921266780, onlineDateStr=2026-10-25, pubDate=1754755200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792921266780, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792921266780, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792921266780, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1321170720168726830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, year='2025', volume='41', issue='8', pageStart='897', pageEnd='1024', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1754755200000', pubDateStr='2025-08-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792921245852, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792921245852, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=936, endPage=942, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1321170809381564441, articleId=1321170807947112472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=EN, title=Vaccination coverage of hepatitis B vaccine and its influencing factors among adults aged 18–45 years in eight Chinese cities: a 2017 analysis of national migrant population surveillance data, columnId=1321170739068260831, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Public Health, columnName=Special Report – Prevention as the First Line of Defense Against Hepatitis B, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

Analysis of hepatitis B (HepB) vaccination coverage and its influencing factors among adults in eight Chinese cities.

Methods

Data were derived from a special survey on key infectious diseases among registered residents conducted in eight cities in eastern (Suzhou city, Qingdao city, Guangzhou city), central (Zhengzhou city, Changsha city), and western (Jiulongpo district of Chongqing city, Xishuangbanna prefecture, Ürümqi city) China as part of the 2017 National Migrant Population Health and Family Planning Dynamic Monitoring Project. A total of 9 671 individuals aged 18–45 years were included in the study. Chi-square tests and binary logistic regression models were used to analyze HepB vaccination coverage and its influencing factors.

Results

The overall HepB vaccination coverage among the participants was 45.23%. Lower education levels were associated with a higher risk of not being vaccinated against HepB (P < 0.05). Lower HepB vaccination coverage was observed among adults residing in central and eastern regions, those with agricultural household registration, those who spent > 15 minutes traveling to healthcare facilities, those who had not heard of the National Essential Public Health Services program, those who had not received public health education, those who had not received face-to-face individualized health counseling, and those who had not received health education on sexually transmitted infections and AIDS (all P < 0.05). Among residents born before, during, and after the inclusion of HepB vaccination in the immunization program, lower education levels and residence in central and eastern regions were consistently associated with lower HepB vaccination coverage (all P < 0.05). Before the HepB vaccination program was promoted, not having heard of the National Essential Public Health Services program and lack of public health education and individual face-to-face counseling were associated with a higher risk of not being vaccinated against HepB. During the promotion period, being married, spending > 15 minutes traveling to healthcare facilities, and lack of public health education and education on sexually transmitted infections and AIDS were associated with a higher risk of not being vaccinated against HepB. After the inclusion of HepB vaccination in the immunization program, spending > 15 minutes traveling to healthcare facilities and not having received individual face-to-face counseling were associated with a higher risk of not being vaccinated against HepB.

Conclusions

HepB vaccination coverage among Chinese adults is primarily influenced by education level, region, time spent traveling to healthcare facilities, and health education.

, authors=Jiongli HUANG1, Hai LI1, 2, Guangqiu QIN1, 2, Pingjing WEN1, Liping HU3, Dapei ZHANG1, Ziheng XU1, Yujia WEI1, Junmei YANG1, Wenwen MO1, Zhongyou LI1, 2, authorsList=Jiongli HUANG, Hai LI, Guangqiu QIN, Pingjing WEN, Liping HU, Dapei ZHANG, Ziheng XU, Yujia WEI, Junmei YANG, Wenwen MO, Zhongyou LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hai LI, Zhongyou LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
LI Hai, E-mail:
LI Zhongyou, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2025 Chinese Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1321170810061041692, articleId=1321170807947112472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=CN, title=2017年中国8城市18~45岁成人乙肝疫苗接种率及影响因素, columnId=1321170739219255777, journalTitle=中国公共卫生, columnName=专题报道——抗击乙肝,预防先行, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分析中国8城市成人乙肝疫苗接种率及其影响因素。

方法

利用2017年全国流动人口卫生计生动态监测项目在中国东部(苏州市、青岛市、广州市)、中部(郑州市、长沙市)和西部(重庆市九龙坡区、西双版纳州、乌鲁木齐市)8城市开展的户籍人口重点传染病专题调查资料,以18~45岁人群为调查对象,共9 671人纳入研究。采用χ2检验和二元logistic回归模型分析HepB接种率及其影响因素。

结果

调查对象总体的HepB接种率为45.23%,文化程度越低HepB未接种风险越高(P<0.05)。中东部地区、农业户口、到达医疗服务机构花费时间>15 min、未听说过国家基本公共卫生项目、未接受过公众健康教育、未接受过面对面个体化健康咨询、未接受过性病艾滋病健康宣教的成人HepB接种率更低(P均<0.05)。HepB推广之前、推广期间和纳入计划免疫管理3个时期出生的居民,均为文化程度越低、中东部地区HepB接种率越低(P均<0.05);HepB推广前,未听说国家基本公卫项目及缺乏公众健康与个体面对面咨询者HepB未接种风险更高;推广期间,已婚、到达医疗机构时间>15 min及缺乏公众健康教育、性病艾滋病宣教者HepB未接种风险更高;纳入计划免疫管理后,到达医疗机构时间>15 min及未接受过个体面对面咨询者HepB未接种风险更高。

结论

中国成人HepB接种率主要受到文化程度、地区、到达医疗机构花费的时间以及健康教育的影响。

, authors=黄炯丽1, 李海1, 2, *, *, 覃光球1, 2, 温平镜1, 胡莉萍3, 张达培1, 徐子恒1, 韦俞伽1, 杨钧媚1, 莫雯雯1, 李忠友1, 2, *, *, authorsList=黄炯丽, 李海, 覃光球, 温平镜, 胡莉萍, 张达培, 徐子恒, 韦俞伽, 杨钧媚, 莫雯雯, 李忠友, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=李海, 李忠友, authorNote=

黄炯丽(1985—),高级工程师,博士,研究方向:公共卫生与预防医学

, correspAuthorsNote=
李海,E-mail:
李忠友,E-mail:
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journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170807947112472, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=12, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘汝刚, 李静静, 冷安丽, 等. 北京市农村居民乙肝疫苗接种影响因素分析[J]. 中国公共卫生, 2019, 35(8): 1055-1058., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1321170818915217535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170807947112472, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=14, rfOrder=13, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘彩. 农村成人乙肝疫苗接种服务可及性研究[J]. 中国公共卫生, 2015, 31(8): 1034-1037., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1321170810279145501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170807947112472, 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companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3Guangxi Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Prevention and Control, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530028, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1321170810476277797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170807947112472, companyId=1321170810459500579, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3广西壮族自治区疾病预防控制中心 广西病毒性肝炎防治研究重点实验室,南宁 530028)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1321170815513636970, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170807947112472, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Analysis of influencing factors of HepB vaccination among residents born in different periods, figureFileSmall=HHToEmbLCFutXb/OGqRMZQ==, figureFileBig=u9ihuqM2llppP3HAFXys8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170815601717355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170807947112472, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同时期出生的居民HepB接种影响因素分析, figureFileSmall=HHToEmbLCFutXb/OGqRMZQ==, figureFileBig=u9ihuqM2llppP3HAFXys8w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170815769489516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170807947112472, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Distribution of different sociodemographic characteristics of the study participants

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变量分组人数(n=9671)构成比/%
性别男性469248.52
女性497951.48
年龄/岁18~251 66017.16
26~32377038.98
33~45424143.85
民族汉族850087.89
其他1 17112.11
婚姻状况未婚2 14522.18
已婚725675.03
离异/丧偶2702.79
文化程度大专/本科及以上549256.79
高中/中专2 53826.24
初中及以下1 64116.97
地区东部地区431344.60
中部地区2 84729.44
西部地区2 51125.96
健康状况健康870389.99
基本健康96810.01
户口性质非农业700172.39
 农业2 67027.61
), ArticleFig(id=1321170815832404077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170807947112472, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究对象不同人口社会学特征分布情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量分组人数(n=9671)构成比/%
性别男性469248.52
女性497951.48
年龄/岁18~251 66017.16
26~32377038.98
33~45424143.85
民族汉族850087.89
其他1 17112.11
婚姻状况未婚2 14522.18
已婚725675.03
离异/丧偶2702.79
文化程度大专/本科及以上549256.79
高中/中专2 53826.24
初中及以下1 64116.97
地区东部地区431344.60
中部地区2 84729.44
西部地区2 51125.96
健康状况健康870389.99
基本健康96810.01
户口性质非农业700172.39
 农业2 67027.61
), ArticleFig(id=1321170815920484462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170807947112472, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Influencing factors of HepB vaccination coverage among adults aged 18 - 45 years in some areas of China

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量分类人数单因素分析logistic回归分析 a
接种人数接种率/%χ2值P值OR值95%CI
性别男性4692206844.084.8910.027
女性49792 30646.31
年龄/岁18~251 66084751.0239.226<0.001
26~3237701 73746.07
33~4542411 79042.21
民族汉族8500374744.0837.194<0.001
其他117162753.54
文化程度大专/本科及以上54922 73449.78122.965<0.0011.00
高中/中专25381 06041.771.341.22~1.48
初中及以下164149635.301.911.68~2.17
户口性质非农业70013 27746.8125.542<0.0011.00
农业2 6701 09741.091.111.01~1.23
婚姻状况未婚21451 15153.6682.768<0.0011.00
已婚72563 09242.611.241.09~1.42
离异或丧偶27013148.521.220.92~1.61
地区西部地区25111 46058.14242.843<0.0011.00
中部地区28471 23743.451.851.62~2.11
东部地区43131 67738.882.272.00~2.58
健康状况健康8703393145.170.1250.724
基本健康96844345.76
到达医疗机构花费时间/min≤151 29067752.4831.607<0.0011.00
>158381369744.111.241.10~1.41
是否听说过国家基本公共卫生项目是7843361546.0912.505<0.0011.00
否1 82875941.521.131.01~1.27
是否建立健康档案是63382 89045.601.0160.313
否3 3331 48444.52
是否接受过公众健康咨询是54222 61448.2144.328<0.0011.00
否42491 76041.421.151.04~1.27
是否接受过面对面个体化咨询是35531 73948.9431.316<0.0011.00
否61182 63543.071.141.03~1.27
是否接受过宣传资料等健康宣教是8986407745.371.0410.308
否68529743.36
是否接收过短信/公众号健康相关资讯是56982 61545.892.4780.115
否39731 75944.27
是否接受过性病艾滋病健康宣教 是62442 99748.0054.581<0.0011.00
否3 4271 37740.18  1.131.03~1.25
), ArticleFig(id=1321170816037924975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170807947112472, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

中国部分地区18~45岁成人HepB接种率影响因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量分类人数单因素分析logistic回归分析 a
接种人数接种率/%χ2值P值OR值95%CI
性别男性4692206844.084.8910.027
女性49792 30646.31
年龄/岁18~251 66084751.0239.226<0.001
26~3237701 73746.07
33~4542411 79042.21
民族汉族8500374744.0837.194<0.001
其他117162753.54
文化程度大专/本科及以上54922 73449.78122.965<0.0011.00
高中/中专25381 06041.771.341.22~1.48
初中及以下164149635.301.911.68~2.17
户口性质非农业70013 27746.8125.542<0.0011.00
农业2 6701 09741.091.111.01~1.23
婚姻状况未婚21451 15153.6682.768<0.0011.00
已婚72563 09242.611.241.09~1.42
离异或丧偶27013148.521.220.92~1.61
地区西部地区25111 46058.14242.843<0.0011.00
中部地区28471 23743.451.851.62~2.11
东部地区43131 67738.882.272.00~2.58
健康状况健康8703393145.170.1250.724
基本健康96844345.76
到达医疗机构花费时间/min≤151 29067752.4831.607<0.0011.00
>158381369744.111.241.10~1.41
是否听说过国家基本公共卫生项目是7843361546.0912.505<0.0011.00
否1 82875941.521.131.01~1.27
是否建立健康档案是63382 89045.601.0160.313
否3 3331 48444.52
是否接受过公众健康咨询是54222 61448.2144.328<0.0011.00
否42491 76041.421.151.04~1.27
是否接受过面对面个体化咨询是35531 73948.9431.316<0.0011.00
否61182 63543.071.141.03~1.27
是否接受过宣传资料等健康宣教是8986407745.371.0410.308
否68529743.36
是否接收过短信/公众号健康相关资讯是56982 61545.892.4780.115
否39731 75944.27
是否接受过性病艾滋病健康宣教 是62442 99748.0054.581<0.0011.00
否3 4271 37740.18  1.131.03~1.25
), ArticleFig(id=1321170816121811056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170807947112472, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Influencing factors of hepatitis B vaccination coverage among adults aged 18 - 45 years with different household registration types in some areas of China

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量分类非农业户口农业户口
人数HepB接种率/%χ2值P值0R(95%CI) a人数HepB接种率/%χ2值P值0R(95%CI) a
性别男性3 33444.7510.8130.0011.001 35842.422.0170.1561.00
女性366748.680.9(0.81~0.99)1 31239.711.18(1.01~1.39)
年龄/岁18~251 14252.8025.841<0.00151847.1018.225<0.001
26~322 69947.391 07142.76
33~453 16044.151 08136.54
民族汉族622745.8222.216<0.0011.002 27339.3319.449<0.001
其他77454.781.22(1.02~1.45)39751.13
文化程度大专/本科及以上448950.7287.196<0.0011.001 00345.5619.153<0.0011.00
高中/中专1 76541.871.39(1.24~1.56)77341.531.25(1.02~1.52)
初中及以下74734.941.91(1.62~2.26)89435.681.94(1.57~2.41)
婚姻状况未婚1 66555.0259.529<0.0011.0048048.9621.862<0.001
已婚512544.161.29(1.15~1.45)2 13138.90
离异或丧偶21146.451.47(1.09~1.98)5955.93
地区西部地区1 94959.72194.504<0.0011.0056252.6740.126<0.0011.00
中部地区2 14144.841.86(1.61~2.14)70639.241.85(1.45~2.37)
东部地区2 91139.612.38(2.07~2.73)1 40237.381.99(1.58~2.50)
健康状况健康624146.680.4050.5252 46241.350.8990.343
基本健康76047.8920837.98
到达医疗机构花费时间/min≤1595351.429.4120.00233755.4933.056<0.0011.00
>15604846.082 33339.011.7(1.34~2.16)
是否听说过国家基本公共卫生项目是563747.8813.366<0.0012 20641.521.0010.317
否1 36442.3846439.01
是否建立健康档案是445947.774.5550.0331 87940.451.0700.301
否2 54245.1279142.60
是否接受过公众健康咨询是395550.1941.761<0.0011.001 46742.884.3120.038
否3 04642.421.15(1.03~1.29)1 20338.90
是否接受过面对面个体化咨询是2 53951.7138.506<0.0011.001 01442.010.5790.447
否446244.021.18(1.05~1.33)1 65640.52
是否接受过宣传资料等健康宣教是652847.031.8880.1692 45840.970.1780.673
否47343.7621242.45
是否接收过短信/公众号健康相关资讯是414448.177.5260.0061 55439.832.4130.120
否2 85744.841 11642.83
是否接受过性病艾滋病健康宣教 是446449.5136.057<0.0011 78044.2121.576<0.0011.00
否2 53742.06   89034.83  1.4(1.17~1.67)
), ArticleFig(id=1321170816209891441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170807947112472, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

中国部分地区不同户口性质18~45岁成人HepB接种率影响因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量分类非农业户口农业户口
人数HepB接种率/%χ2值P值0R(95%CI) a人数HepB接种率/%χ2值P值0R(95%CI) a
性别男性3 33444.7510.8130.0011.001 35842.422.0170.1561.00
女性366748.680.9(0.81~0.99)1 31239.711.18(1.01~1.39)
年龄/岁18~251 14252.8025.841<0.00151847.1018.225<0.001
26~322 69947.391 07142.76
33~453 16044.151 08136.54
民族汉族622745.8222.216<0.0011.002 27339.3319.449<0.001
其他77454.781.22(1.02~1.45)39751.13
文化程度大专/本科及以上448950.7287.196<0.0011.001 00345.5619.153<0.0011.00
高中/中专1 76541.871.39(1.24~1.56)77341.531.25(1.02~1.52)
初中及以下74734.941.91(1.62~2.26)89435.681.94(1.57~2.41)
婚姻状况未婚1 66555.0259.529<0.0011.0048048.9621.862<0.001
已婚512544.161.29(1.15~1.45)2 13138.90
离异或丧偶21146.451.47(1.09~1.98)5955.93
地区西部地区1 94959.72194.504<0.0011.0056252.6740.126<0.0011.00
中部地区2 14144.841.86(1.61~2.14)70639.241.85(1.45~2.37)
东部地区2 91139.612.38(2.07~2.73)1 40237.381.99(1.58~2.50)
健康状况健康624146.680.4050.5252 46241.350.8990.343
基本健康76047.8920837.98
到达医疗机构花费时间/min≤1595351.429.4120.00233755.4933.056<0.0011.00
>15604846.082 33339.011.7(1.34~2.16)
是否听说过国家基本公共卫生项目是563747.8813.366<0.0012 20641.521.0010.317
否1 36442.3846439.01
是否建立健康档案是445947.774.5550.0331 87940.451.0700.301
否2 54245.1279142.60
是否接受过公众健康咨询是395550.1941.761<0.0011.001 46742.884.3120.038
否3 04642.421.15(1.03~1.29)1 20338.90
是否接受过面对面个体化咨询是2 53951.7138.506<0.0011.001 01442.010.5790.447
否446244.021.18(1.05~1.33)1 65640.52
是否接受过宣传资料等健康宣教是652847.031.8880.1692 45840.970.1780.673
否47343.7621242.45
是否接收过短信/公众号健康相关资讯是414448.177.5260.0061 55439.832.4130.120
否2 85744.841 11642.83
是否接受过性病艾滋病健康宣教 是446449.5136.057<0.0011 78044.2121.576<0.0011.00
否2 53742.06   89034.83  1.4(1.17~1.67)
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2017年中国8城市18~45岁成人乙肝疫苗接种率及影响因素
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黄炯丽 1 , 李海 1, 2, *, * , 覃光球 1, 2 , 温平镜 1 , 胡莉萍 3 , 张达培 1 , 徐子恒 1 , 韦俞伽 1 , 杨钧媚 1 , 莫雯雯 1 , 李忠友 1, 2, *, *
中国公共卫生 | 专题报道——抗击乙肝,预防先行 2025,41(8): 936-942
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中国公共卫生 |专题报道——抗击乙肝,预防先行 2025 , 41 (8) : 936 -942
2017年中国8城市18~45岁成人乙肝疫苗接种率及影响因素
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黄炯丽1, 李海1, 2, *, * , 覃光球1, 2, 温平镜1, 胡莉萍3, 张达培1, 徐子恒1, 韦俞伽1, 杨钧媚1, 莫雯雯1, 李忠友1, 2, *, *
作者信息
  • 1广西中医药大学公共卫生与管理学院,南宁 530200
  • 2广西高发传染病中西医结合转化医学重点实验室,南宁 530200
  • 3广西壮族自治区疾病预防控制中心 广西病毒性肝炎防治研究重点实验室,南宁 530028
通讯作者:
李海,E-mail:
李忠友,E-mail:
作者简介:

黄炯丽(1985—),高级工程师,博士,研究方向:公共卫生与预防医学

Vaccination coverage of hepatitis B vaccine and its influencing factors among adults aged 18–45 years in eight Chinese cities: a 2017 analysis of national migrant population surveillance data
Jiongli HUANG1, Hai LI1, 2 , Guangqiu QIN1, 2, Pingjing WEN1, Liping HU3, Dapei ZHANG1, Ziheng XU1, Yujia WEI1, Junmei YANG1, Wenwen MO1, Zhongyou LI1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1School of Public Health and Management, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
  • 2Guangxi Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Treating High-Incidence Infectious Diseases with Integrative Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
  • 3Guangxi Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Prevention and Control, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530028, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    LI Hai, E-mail:
    LI Zhongyou, E-mail:
出版时间: 2025-08-10 doi: 10.11847/zgggws1146278
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目的

分析中国8城市成人乙肝疫苗接种率及其影响因素。

方法

利用2017年全国流动人口卫生计生动态监测项目在中国东部(苏州市、青岛市、广州市)、中部(郑州市、长沙市)和西部(重庆市九龙坡区、西双版纳州、乌鲁木齐市)8城市开展的户籍人口重点传染病专题调查资料,以18~45岁人群为调查对象,共9 671人纳入研究。采用χ2检验和二元logistic回归模型分析HepB接种率及其影响因素。

结果

调查对象总体的HepB接种率为45.23%,文化程度越低HepB未接种风险越高(P<0.05)。中东部地区、农业户口、到达医疗服务机构花费时间>15 min、未听说过国家基本公共卫生项目、未接受过公众健康教育、未接受过面对面个体化健康咨询、未接受过性病艾滋病健康宣教的成人HepB接种率更低(P均<0.05)。HepB推广之前、推广期间和纳入计划免疫管理3个时期出生的居民,均为文化程度越低、中东部地区HepB接种率越低(P均<0.05);HepB推广前,未听说国家基本公卫项目及缺乏公众健康与个体面对面咨询者HepB未接种风险更高;推广期间,已婚、到达医疗机构时间>15 min及缺乏公众健康教育、性病艾滋病宣教者HepB未接种风险更高;纳入计划免疫管理后,到达医疗机构时间>15 min及未接受过个体面对面咨询者HepB未接种风险更高。

结论

中国成人HepB接种率主要受到文化程度、地区、到达医疗机构花费的时间以及健康教育的影响。

乙肝疫苗  /  接种率  /  影响因素  /  健康教育  /  成人
Objective

Analysis of hepatitis B (HepB) vaccination coverage and its influencing factors among adults in eight Chinese cities.

Methods

Data were derived from a special survey on key infectious diseases among registered residents conducted in eight cities in eastern (Suzhou city, Qingdao city, Guangzhou city), central (Zhengzhou city, Changsha city), and western (Jiulongpo district of Chongqing city, Xishuangbanna prefecture, Ürümqi city) China as part of the 2017 National Migrant Population Health and Family Planning Dynamic Monitoring Project. A total of 9 671 individuals aged 18–45 years were included in the study. Chi-square tests and binary logistic regression models were used to analyze HepB vaccination coverage and its influencing factors.

Results

The overall HepB vaccination coverage among the participants was 45.23%. Lower education levels were associated with a higher risk of not being vaccinated against HepB (P < 0.05). Lower HepB vaccination coverage was observed among adults residing in central and eastern regions, those with agricultural household registration, those who spent > 15 minutes traveling to healthcare facilities, those who had not heard of the National Essential Public Health Services program, those who had not received public health education, those who had not received face-to-face individualized health counseling, and those who had not received health education on sexually transmitted infections and AIDS (all P < 0.05). Among residents born before, during, and after the inclusion of HepB vaccination in the immunization program, lower education levels and residence in central and eastern regions were consistently associated with lower HepB vaccination coverage (all P < 0.05). Before the HepB vaccination program was promoted, not having heard of the National Essential Public Health Services program and lack of public health education and individual face-to-face counseling were associated with a higher risk of not being vaccinated against HepB. During the promotion period, being married, spending > 15 minutes traveling to healthcare facilities, and lack of public health education and education on sexually transmitted infections and AIDS were associated with a higher risk of not being vaccinated against HepB. After the inclusion of HepB vaccination in the immunization program, spending > 15 minutes traveling to healthcare facilities and not having received individual face-to-face counseling were associated with a higher risk of not being vaccinated against HepB.

Conclusions

HepB vaccination coverage among Chinese adults is primarily influenced by education level, region, time spent traveling to healthcare facilities, and health education.

hepatitis B (HepB) vaccine  /  vaccination coverage  /  influencing factors  /  health education  /  adults
黄炯丽, 李海, 覃光球, 温平镜, 胡莉萍, 张达培, 徐子恒, 韦俞伽, 杨钧媚, 莫雯雯, 李忠友. 2017年中国8城市18~45岁成人乙肝疫苗接种率及影响因素. 中国公共卫生, 2025 , 41 (8) : 936 -942 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1146278
Jiongli HUANG, Hai LI, Guangqiu QIN, Pingjing WEN, Liping HU, Dapei ZHANG, Ziheng XU, Yujia WEI, Junmei YANG, Wenwen MO, Zhongyou LI. Vaccination coverage of hepatitis B vaccine and its influencing factors among adults aged 18–45 years in eight Chinese cities: a 2017 analysis of national migrant population surveillance data[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2025 , 41 (8) : 936 -942 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1146278
研究显示,2022年全球乙肝病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)感染者达2.575亿人[1]。中国乙肝表面抗原(hepatitis B surface antigen, HBsAg)流行率为5%~6%[2],HBV感染者近9 000万例,每年因HBV相关肝癌或肝硬化死亡人数占全球同类死亡的37%~50%[3]。乙肝疫苗(hepatitis B vaccine, HepB)接种是降低HBV感染的关键措施。自1985年起,中国积极推行新生儿HepB接种策略,1992—2001年纳入计划免疫,2002—2004年仅支付接种服务费,2005年后全部免费,2011年起逐步实施孕产妇HBV筛查及高风险儿童联合接种。因此,中国儿童HBV感染率大幅下降,2022年<5岁儿童HBsAg流行率低于0.1%[1]。然而成人HBV新发感染率仍然较高[4]。《成人乙型肝炎病毒感染筛查、检测及管理专家建议》[5]指出,我国乙型肝炎诊断率、治疗率与世界卫生组织 2030年消除病毒性肝炎公共卫生危害目标仍有较大差距。因此,本研究利用国家人口与健康科学数据共享服务平台“中国流动人口卫生计生动态监测专题调查——8城市重点疾病流行因素调查数据”,分析中国8城市18~45岁成人HepB接种率及影响因素,为成人乙肝防控提供科学参考依据。
通过在线向国家人口健康科学数据中心/人口健康科学数据仓储(https:// www. ncmi.cn)申请“中国流动人口卫生计生动态监测专题调查——8城市重点疾病流行因素调查数据”[6]使用权,获得权限后通过远程分析平台收集和分析数据。根据中国流动人口卫生计生动态监测专题调查方案, 2017年4—5月采用分层、多阶段的人口比例概率抽样(probability proportional to size sampling, PPS)方法,随机抽中国8个城市(包括东部地区的苏州市、青岛市和广州市;中部地区的郑州市和长沙市;西部地区的重庆市九龙坡区、西双版纳州和乌鲁木齐市)流动人口。8 城市户籍人口调查对象,则采用配额的方式进行确定。即在流动人口所在样本点,按照性别相同,年龄相同的方式,在本样本点范围内调查同样数量的本地户籍人口。如本样本点范围内无法找到合适的户籍人口,可将调查范围扩大到本乡镇街道。调查对象纳入标准:18~45岁(1972—1999年出生);本地户籍。排除标准:年龄<18岁或>45岁;军人;学生;调查数据有缺漏项者。最终获得9 671名调查对象数据,所有调查对象均知情同意,自愿参与调查。本研究所使用的数据由国家卫生健康委流动人口服务中心提供,伦理学审查批号为:国家统计局[No. NBS(2015)72]。
根据2017年该监测项目 “重点疾病流行影响因素”调查问卷第620题“您是否曾经接种过以下疫苗”中的选项“乙肝疫苗”接种情况,HepB接种定义为至少1剂次接种。收集研究对象的性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、民族、地区等人口社会学特征,以及到达医疗机构花费时间(min)、是否听说过国家基本公共卫生项目、是否建立健康档案、是否接受过公众健康咨询、是否接受过面对面个体化咨询、是否接受过宣传资料等健康宣教、是否接受过短信/公众号健康相关资讯、是否接受过性病艾滋病健康宣教等信息。
根据中国1985年开始接种HepB、1992—2001年将HepB纳入计划免疫管理和2002—2004年正式纳入计划免疫,将调查对象分为1972—1984年出生(33~45岁)、1985—1991年出生(26~32岁)和1992—1999年出生(18~25岁)3个年龄组,即分别对应HepB推广之前、推广期间和纳入计划免疫管理3个时期出生的居民。采用Excel 2016软件建立数据库;采用SPSS 22.0软件计算HepB接种率,其影响因素采用χ2检验和二分类logistic回归(逐步后退法)进行单因素和多因素分析,检验水准α=0.05(双侧)。
共纳入研究对象9 671人,女性(51.48%)多于男性(48.52%);平均年龄为(32.17±6.52)岁,其中33~45岁占比最高(43.85%,4 241人),26~32岁3 770人(38.98%),18~25岁1 660人(17.16%)。以汉族(87.89%)、已婚(75.03%)、大专/本科及以上文化程度(56.79%)、东部地区(44.60%)、健康(89.99%)居民为主。
研究对象HepB总接种率为45.23%(4 374/ 9 671)。单因素分析显示,研究对象HepB接种率在性别、年龄、民族、文化程度、婚姻状况、户口性质、地区、到达医疗服务机构花费时间、是否听说过国家基本公共卫生项目、是否接受过公众健康咨询、是否接受过面对面个体化咨询、是否接受过性病艾滋病健康宣教等12个变量的差异具有统计学意义(除性别P=0.027,其余P均<0.001)。以是否接种乙肝疫苗为因变量(0=已接种乙肝疫苗,1=未接种乙肝疫苗),将单因素分析有统计学意义的变量纳入二元logistic回归模型,采用逐步后退法分析显示,文化程度越低、农业户口、已婚、中部和东部地区、到达医疗机构花费时间>15 min、未听说过国家基本公共卫生项目、未接受过公众健康咨询、未接受过面对面个体化咨询、未接受过性病艾滋病健康宣教的调查对象HepB未接种风险更高(P均<0.05)。
按研究对象户口性质分别进行χ2检验和二分类logistic逐步后退法回归分析显示,非农业户口的研究对象HepB接种率受到性别、民族、文化程度、婚姻状况、地区、是否接受过公众健康咨询、是否接受过面对面个体化咨询等7个变量的影响(P均<0.05),男性、其他民族、低文化程度、已婚或丧偶/离异、中部和东部地区、未接受过公众健康咨询、未接受过面对面个体化咨询的调查对象HepB未接种风险更高。农业户口的研究对象HepB接种率则受到性别、文化程度、地区、到达医疗服务机构花费时间、是否接受过性病艾滋病健康宣教等5个变量的影响(P均<0.05),女性、低文化程度、中部和东部地区、到达医疗服务机构花费时间>15 min、未接受过性病艾滋病健康宣教的调查对象HepB未接种风险更高。
按照HepB推广之前、推广期间和纳入计划免疫管理3个时期出生的人群分别进行二分类logistic回归分析,结果显示,HepB纳入计划免疫管理后出生的居民(18~25岁组),初中及以下文化程度、中部和东部地区、到达医疗服务机构花费时间>15 min、未接受过个体面对面咨询的HepB未接种风险更高。HepB推广期间出生的居民(26~32岁组),文化程度越低、已婚、中部和东部地区、到达医疗服务机构花费的时间>15 min、未接受过公众健康咨询、未接受过性病艾滋病健康宣教的HepB未接种风险更高。HepB推广之前出生的居民(33~45岁组),文化程度越低、中部和东部地区、未听说过国家基本公卫项目、未接受过公众健康咨询和未接受过个体面对面咨询的HepB未接种风险更高。
本次调查结果显示2017年研究地区18~45岁成人HepB接种率为45.23%,与浙江省2016年>18岁成人(48.9%)[7]、甘肃省2018年18~59岁常住人口(42.23%)[8]、哈尔滨市2018年18~59岁人群(40.78%)[9]和宁波市2020—2021年街道社区18~55 岁常住居民(49.3%)[10] HepB调查接种率相近,但均低于浙江省2018年0~59岁人群(63.02%)[11]、湖北省2020年15~59岁居民(65.38%)[12]和黑龙江省18~59岁常住人口(70.72%)[8]的HepB接种率,高于北京市2011年16~78岁农村居民(29.86%)[13]的HepB接种率。本研究18~45岁成人HepB接种率与既往不同研究结果的差异可能与调查时间、研究对象年龄构成、样本量、城乡构成差异等因素有关。本研究覆盖了中国东部、中部和西部地区的8个地区,相比前述研究[7,9–13]的样本量更大,代表性相对更好。
本研究结果表明,听说过国家基本公共卫生项目、接受过公众健康咨询、接受过面对面个体化咨询、接受过性病艾滋病健康宣教的居民HepB接种率更高。提示政府相关部门应采用多样化健康教育方式进一步提升居民HepB接种率。HepB推广之前、HepB推广期间和HepB纳入计划免疫管理后3个时期出生的居民HepB接种均受到文化程度、地区的影响。文化程度越高的人群、接受过乙肝相关知识健康教育的人群接种率更高,这与已有研究[7–9,12–13]的结果相一致。这是由于居民文化程度越高,接触的相关疾病教育越多,对乙肝危害和防治的认知水平越高,会更加注重疾病的预防,进而对乙肝疫苗的接受程度越高。东部和中部地区成人HepB接种率较西部地区低。这可能是由于不同地区的人口密度、居民依从性、政策执行情况差异有关。HepB推广之前和推广期间,与未接受过乙肝防治健康教育的人群相比,接受过的调查对象HepB接种率更高。
此外,本研究显示HepB推广期间和纳入计划免疫管理后出生的居民,到达医疗服务机构花费时间>15 min是影响HepB接种的因素之一,与刘汝刚等[13]研究结果一致。医疗服务资源便利性越高,时间成本越低,HepB接种率越高,反之则越低[14]。本研究主要不足包括研究对象自报HepB接种史可能存在回忆偏倚;成人需自费接种HepB,本研究中未将经济收入状况纳入影响因素分析;且资料较早,影响HepB接种的因素随着社会的发展可能发生变化。
综上所述,本研究显示中国HepB免疫政策提升了人群HepB接种率,但总体接种率仍有较大提升空间,乙肝相关知识健康教育、文化程度、地区、医疗资源获取便利性是中国成人HepB接种率的主要影响因素,需针对不同地区不同年龄人群采取差异化措施进一步提高成人HepB接种率。

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2025年第41卷第8期
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doi: 10.11847/zgggws1146278
  • 接收时间:2024-10-31
  • 首发时间:2026-10-25
  • 出版时间:2025-08-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-31
  • 修回日期:2024-12-04
  • 录用日期:2025-07-14
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    1广西中医药大学公共卫生与管理学院,南宁 530200
    2广西高发传染病中西医结合转化医学重点实验室,南宁 530200
    3广西壮族自治区疾病预防控制中心 广西病毒性肝炎防治研究重点实验室,南宁 530028

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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