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Article(id=1321170775604839136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1321170720168726830, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11847/zgggws1147317, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1741190400000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-06, revisedDate=1744560000000, revisedDateStr=2025-04-14, acceptedDate=1752249600000, acceptedDateStr=2025-07-12, onlineDate=1792921259070, onlineDateStr=2026-10-25, pubDate=1754755200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792921259070, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792921259070, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792921259070, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1321170720168726830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, year='2025', volume='41', issue='8', pageStart='897', pageEnd='1024', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1754755200000', pubDateStr='2025-08-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792921245852, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792921245852, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=966, endPage=970, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1321170775806165729, articleId=1321170775604839136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=EN, title=Policy tool analysis of China′s national health management policy documents, columnId=1320427686514770171, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Public Health, columnName=Survey and Report, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To understand the current application status and internal and external characteristics of national health management-related policies in China, and to provide references for improving the national health management policy system.

Methods

A content analysis method was adopted, and a two-dimensional framework of "core areas of national health management–policy tools" was constructed to quantitatively analyze the included documents.

Results

A total of 102 national-level policy documents related to national health management were included. Among the 503 policy text codes, environment-oriented policy tools accounted for the highest proportion (61.63%), followed by supply-oriented (26.84%) and demand-oriented (11.53%) tools. The existing policies' attention to health fields, ranked from high to low, were health services and security (43.34%), healthy living (33.20%), healthy environment (19.48%), health industry (2.19%), and health level (1.79%).

Conclusions

The use of environment-oriented policy tools in national health management-related policies can be moderately reduced, while strengthening the formulation of demand-oriented policies, optimizing the internal structure of policy tools, and ensuring balanced coverage of different health fields.

, authors=Jingyi QIAO1, 2, Zian XU1, 2, Qingwen DENG1, 2, Jiaqi YUAN1, 2, Yingyao CHEN1, 2, Yi YANG1, 2, authorsList=Jingyi QIAO, Zian XU, Qingwen DENG, Jiaqi YUAN, Yingyao CHEN, Yi YANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yi YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
YANG Yi, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2025 Chinese Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1321170778104644326, articleId=1321170775604839136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=CN, title=政策工具视角下中国全民健康管理政策文本分析, columnId=1320427686770622717, journalTitle=中国公共卫生, columnName=调查报告与分析, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

了解我国全民健康管理相关政策的应用现状及内外部特征，为完善我国全民健康管理政策体系提供参考。

方法

采用内容分析法，构建“全民健康管理核心领域–政策工具”二维框架，对纳入的文件进行量化分析。

结果

共纳入102份国家层面出台的全民健康管理相关政策文件；503个政策文本编号中，环境型政策工具所占比例最高（61.63%），其次为供给型（26.84%）及需求型（11.53%）；现有政策对健康领域的关注程度既有政策对健康领域的重视程度从高到低分别为健康服务与保障（43.34%）、健康生活（33.20%）、健康环境（19.48%）、健康产业（2.19%）及健康水平（1.79%）。

结论

全民健康管理相关政策可适度减少使用环境型政策工具，强化需求型政策制定，优化政策工具内部结构，均衡覆盖不同健康领域。

, authors=乔静怡1, 2, 徐子安1, 2, 邓清文1, 2, 袁家琪1, 2, 陈英耀1, 2, 杨毅1, 2, *, *, authorsList=乔静怡, 徐子安, 邓清文, 袁家琪, 陈英耀, 杨毅, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=杨毅, authorNote=

乔静怡（1999—），博士在读，研究方向：卫生服务研究、医院管理、卫生技术评估

, correspAuthorsNote=
杨毅，E-mail：
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乔静怡（1999—），博士在读，研究方向：卫生服务研究、医院管理、卫生技术评估

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Names and definitions of policy tools in the field of national health management [9]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
政策工具含义
环境型
　目标规划政府部门对全民健康相关领域制定总体规划和目标
　宣传引导做好相关人群健康相关内容的教育与宣传引导
　策略性措施政府为促进全民健康所采取的措施，例如开展促进活动等
　法规制度与人民生命健康密切相关的法律法规以及相应具有约束性或强制性的标准制度
　考核评估一系列针对健康相关的标准或制度进行的监测及评价，以及对相关人员进行的绩效评估等考核
　产业发展为促进全民健康，探索并发展健康服务新业态
供给型
　基础设施建设加大和完善保障全民健康的基础设施保障及场地建设
　人才培养引进、培养专业卫生及管理人才
　科技研发为提高全民健康所研发的相关科研成果或技术
　信息支撑为全面监测与推进全民健康实施的智慧服务及信息化措施
　公共服务政府为保障全民健康所设置的配套服务
　资金投入为推进全民健康，对相关机构及相关人员的财政支出
需求型
　财政补助政府为统筹推进全民健康相关工作进行的财政补助
　医疗保障为支持全民健康所产生发展的相关保险制度及产品
　示范工程建立示范点，总结经验，促进全民健康
　海外交流鼓励对外交流，借鉴并引入国外成熟模式或经验
), ArticleFig(id=1321170785297875744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170775604839136, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

全民健康管理领域政策工具名称及含义[9]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
政策工具含义
环境型
　目标规划政府部门对全民健康相关领域制定总体规划和目标
　宣传引导做好相关人群健康相关内容的教育与宣传引导
　策略性措施政府为促进全民健康所采取的措施，例如开展促进活动等
　法规制度与人民生命健康密切相关的法律法规以及相应具有约束性或强制性的标准制度
　考核评估一系列针对健康相关的标准或制度进行的监测及评价，以及对相关人员进行的绩效评估等考核
　产业发展为促进全民健康，探索并发展健康服务新业态
供给型
　基础设施建设加大和完善保障全民健康的基础设施保障及场地建设
　人才培养引进、培养专业卫生及管理人才
　科技研发为提高全民健康所研发的相关科研成果或技术
　信息支撑为全面监测与推进全民健康实施的智慧服务及信息化措施
　公共服务政府为保障全民健康所设置的配套服务
　资金投入为推进全民健康，对相关机构及相关人员的财政支出
需求型
　财政补助政府为统筹推进全民健康相关工作进行的财政补助
　医疗保障为支持全民健康所产生发展的相关保险制度及产品
　示范工程建立示范点，总结经验，促进全民健康
　海外交流鼓励对外交流，借鉴并引入国外成熟模式或经验
), ArticleFig(id=1321170786921071393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170775604839136, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Distribution of policy tool usage (n = 503)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
政策工具类型子工具名称政策内容编码数量占比/%
环境型目标规划30-1-1，45-1-1-1…9518.89
宣传引导1-1-8，1-2-6…10120.08
策略性措施10-2-7，17-2-4…5811.53
法规制度1-2-3，6-9-38…275.37
考核评估11-3-1-2，21-11…203.98
产业发展43-2-5-3，57-3-10-2…91.79
供给型基础设施建设52-2-4-2，55-4-13-2…101.99
人才培养8-1-1，10-4-2-2…203.98
科技研发37-4-1-2，54-2-1…101.99
信息支撑11-4-4-4，35-9-3…397.75
公共服务6-2-8，6-5-21…458.95
资金投入6-1-3，58-6-2…112.19
需求型示范工程16-9-2，16-12-3…377.36
海外交流10-9-2，51-2-8…71.39
医疗保障48-4-11-1，68-7-83-2…71.39
财政补助33-1-1，40-1…71.39
), ArticleFig(id=1321170787013346082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170775604839136, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

政策工具使用分布情况（n=503）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
政策工具类型子工具名称政策内容编码数量占比/%
环境型目标规划30-1-1，45-1-1-1…9518.89
宣传引导1-1-8，1-2-6…10120.08
策略性措施10-2-7，17-2-4…5811.53
法规制度1-2-3，6-9-38…275.37
考核评估11-3-1-2，21-11…203.98
产业发展43-2-5-3，57-3-10-2…91.79
供给型基础设施建设52-2-4-2，55-4-13-2…101.99
人才培养8-1-1，10-4-2-2…203.98
科技研发37-4-1-2，54-2-1…101.99
信息支撑11-4-4-4，35-9-3…397.75
公共服务6-2-8，6-5-21…458.95
资金投入6-1-3，58-6-2…112.19
需求型示范工程16-9-2，16-12-3…377.36
海外交流10-9-2，51-2-8…71.39
医疗保障48-4-11-1，68-7-83-2…71.39
财政补助33-1-1，40-1…71.39
), ArticleFig(id=1321170787101426467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170775604839136, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Two-dimensional distribution of core areas and policy tools in national health management (n = 503)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
政策工具子工具名称全民健康管理核心领域
健康水平健康生活健康服务与保障健康环境健康产业
环境型目标规划92512481
宣传引导0100100
策略性措施0421060
法规制度002700
考核评估002000
产业发展00009
供给型基础设施建设001000
人才培养002000
科技研发001000
信息支撑003801
公共服务004500
资金投入001100
需求型示范工程000370
海外交流00070
医疗保障00700
财政补助00700
), ArticleFig(id=1321170787197895460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170775604839136, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

全民健康管理核心领域–政策工具二维分布情况（n=503）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
政策工具子工具名称全民健康管理核心领域
健康水平健康生活健康服务与保障健康环境健康产业
环境型目标规划92512481
宣传引导0100100
策略性措施0421060
法规制度002700
考核评估002000
产业发展00009
供给型基础设施建设001000
人才培养002000
科技研发001000
信息支撑003801
公共服务004500
资金投入001100
需求型示范工程000370
海外交流00070
医疗保障00700
财政补助00700
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政策工具视角下中国全民健康管理政策文本分析
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乔静怡 1, 2 , 徐子安 1, 2 , 邓清文 1, 2 , 袁家琪 1, 2 , 陈英耀 1, 2 , 杨毅 1, 2, *, *
中国公共卫生 | 调查报告与分析 2025,41(8): 966-970
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中国公共卫生 |调查报告与分析 2025 , 41 (8) : 966 -970
政策工具视角下中国全民健康管理政策文本分析
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乔静怡（1999—），博士在读，研究方向：卫生服务研究、医院管理、卫生技术评估

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乔静怡（1999—），博士在读，研究方向：卫生服务研究、医院管理、卫生技术评估

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乔静怡1, 2, 徐子安1, 2, 邓清文1, 2, 袁家琪1, 2, 陈英耀1, 2, 杨毅1, 2, *, *
作者信息
  • 1复旦大学公共卫生学院，上海 200032
  • 2国家卫生健康委员会卫生技术评估重点实验室，上海 200032
通讯作者:
杨毅，E-mail：
作者简介:

乔静怡（1999—），博士在读，研究方向：卫生服务研究、医院管理、卫生技术评估

Policy tool analysis of China′s national health management policy documents
Jingyi QIAO1, 2, Zian XU1, 2, Qingwen DENG1, 2, Jiaqi YUAN1, 2, Yingyao CHEN1, 2, Yi YANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
  • 2NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Shanghai 200032, China
    • Corresponding Author:
    YANG Yi, E-mail:
出版时间: 2025-08-10 doi: 10.11847/zgggws1147317
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摘要
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目的

了解我国全民健康管理相关政策的应用现状及内外部特征，为完善我国全民健康管理政策体系提供参考。

方法

采用内容分析法，构建“全民健康管理核心领域–政策工具”二维框架，对纳入的文件进行量化分析。

结果

共纳入102份国家层面出台的全民健康管理相关政策文件；503个政策文本编号中，环境型政策工具所占比例最高（61.63%），其次为供给型（26.84%）及需求型（11.53%）；现有政策对健康领域的关注程度既有政策对健康领域的重视程度从高到低分别为健康服务与保障（43.34%）、健康生活（33.20%）、健康环境（19.48%）、健康产业（2.19%）及健康水平（1.79%）。

结论

全民健康管理相关政策可适度减少使用环境型政策工具，强化需求型政策制定，优化政策工具内部结构，均衡覆盖不同健康领域。

全民健康  /  健康管理  /  健康中国  /  政策工具  /  文本分析
Objective

To understand the current application status and internal and external characteristics of national health management-related policies in China, and to provide references for improving the national health management policy system.

Methods

A content analysis method was adopted, and a two-dimensional framework of "core areas of national health management–policy tools" was constructed to quantitatively analyze the included documents.

Results

A total of 102 national-level policy documents related to national health management were included. Among the 503 policy text codes, environment-oriented policy tools accounted for the highest proportion (61.63%), followed by supply-oriented (26.84%) and demand-oriented (11.53%) tools. The existing policies' attention to health fields, ranked from high to low, were health services and security (43.34%), healthy living (33.20%), healthy environment (19.48%), health industry (2.19%), and health level (1.79%).

Conclusions

The use of environment-oriented policy tools in national health management-related policies can be moderately reduced, while strengthening the formulation of demand-oriented policies, optimizing the internal structure of policy tools, and ensuring balanced coverage of different health fields.

national health  /  health management  /  Healthy China  /  policy tools  /  text analysis
乔静怡, 徐子安, 邓清文, 袁家琪, 陈英耀, 杨毅. 政策工具视角下中国全民健康管理政策文本分析. 中国公共卫生, 2025 , 41 (8) : 966 -970 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1147317
Jingyi QIAO, Zian XU, Qingwen DENG, Jiaqi YUAN, Yingyao CHEN, Yi YANG. Policy tool analysis of China′s national health management policy documents[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2025 , 41 (8) : 966 -970 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1147317
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党的十八届五中全会将“健康中国”提升至国家战略高度，要求强化全社会健康管理意识和能力，实现更高水平的全民健康[1]。《健康中国行动（2019—2030年）》进一步深化了这一理念，提出“健康融万策”的核心思想。党的二十大承前启后，对推进健康中国建设作出新的战略部署，提出“把保障人民健康放在优先发展的战略位置，完善人民健康促进政策”，标志着健康管理理念逐步向全民健康管理发展并深入。2024年启动的“体重管理年”三年行动，正是践行全民健康管理理念的创新实践。通过构建科学规范的体重监测干预体系[2–3]，不仅有效防控慢性病风险，更将健康管理转化为可操作、可量化的全民行动，为落实“健康中国2030”规划纲要构筑起坚实的实践基础。学术界对健康管理（health management, HM）的界定已形成广泛共识，其本质是通过系统性监测、评估个体或群体健康风险因素，并基于循证决策实施多层次干预，最终借助专业化健康咨询与指导服务实现居民健康促进目标[4–5]。全民健康管理（universal health management, UHM）作为HM理念的进阶形态，是基于全体成员目标和健康资源共享，关注个体、群体和社会不同层面在健康行为、健康结果和健康社会决定因素上的聚集表现，强调在服务对象层面实现全人群覆盖，在实施过程强调全周期管理，在治理架构上构建跨部门协同网络[5–6]。全民健康管理是一项综合系统性工程，需要多部门全方位谋划、多主体协同实施落地当前我国政府已围绕全民健康管理核心领域密集出台系列政策。本研究基于政策工具视角，构建“全民健康管理核心领域–政策工具”二维分析框架，对国家层面出台的全民健康管理相关政策文件进行系统梳理与分析，明晰我国全民健康管理政策支持体系的现况及特征，为进一步完善全民健康管理政策工具体系提供参考依据。
1　资料与方法
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1.1　资料来源
本研究所涉及的全民健康管理政策系指由国家政府层面出台，以全民为对象，对全人群健康相关行为与制度进行管理，能够直接或间接推动实现全民健康的政策。基于北大法宝数据库，以“全民健康”“健康管理”“健康治理”等为关键词，对截至2024年6月1日国家层面发布的全民健康管理相关的政策文件进行系统检索，同时结合国务院、国家卫生健康委员会、国家中医药管理局等相关部门网站进行补充检索。政策文本的纳入标准：（1）国家中央层面发布的相关政策文件；（2）与覆盖全人群的健康管理政策相关；（3）现行有效且具备发文号的正式政策文件。共检索到研究相关政策文件3 570份，最终符合纳排标准并纳入的政策文件102份。
1.2　方法
1.2.1　 X维度：政策工具
政策工具是政府推行目标政策赖以依靠的手段[7]。由于政策内容的多样性，学者对政策工具的含义有不同的认识，因此所采取的分类标准和分类体系也不尽相同。其中，Rothwell和Zegveld的政策工具理论[8]强调政府在项目推进过程中作为环境营造者的作用，更加符合我国健康管理政策环境，故本研究将该理论提出的供给型、需求型、环境型三种政策工具类型作为全民健康管理政策分析框架的X维度（图1）。全民健康管理领域政策工具名称及含义见表1。
1.2.2　 Y维度：全民健康管理核心领域
《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》中对健康中国2030核心指标体系进行了设计与说明，以居民健康需求为出发点，确定影响健康的核心因素并构建大健康维护与促进体系，为居民提供全方位全周期的健康管理，以实现全民健康[10]。根据《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》中健康中国建设主要指标，本研究将全民健康管理核心领域总结为健康水平、健康生活、健康服务与保障、健康环境、健康产业五个领域。
1.2.3　全民健康管理政策二维分析框架
为进一步明晰全民健康管理相关政策在推进“健康中国2030”战略、实现全民健康方面的效果，本研究在政策工具分析维度的基础上，引入Y维度，得到全民健康管理政策二维分析框（图2）。
1.2.4　政策文本编码
将102份政策文本按照“政策编号–章节–内容”进行具体编码，并录入Excel 2016软件进行统计分析。如“78-2-1”表示《国务院办公厅关于印发“十四五”国民健康规划的通知》 中第二节第一条“持续推动发展方式从以治病为中心转变为以人民健康为中心，为群众提供全方位全周期健康服务，不断提高人民健康水平。”
2　结　果
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2.1　政策文件发布情况
在102份政策文件中，发文部门涉及国务院、国家卫生健康委员会、全国爱国卫生运动委员会、国家中医药管理局、健康中国推进委员会等。独立部门发文共68份（66.67%），国家卫生健康委员会为发文量最多的部门，共计67份（65.69%）。公告、通告、意见等公文属于下行文，比较抽象，而以通知等形式发出的文件内容更加具体，便于执行。按照文件标题中提及的文件类型进行统计，其中通知类政策文件达到80份，占78.43%，显示出较高的可执行性。从国家经济社会发展水平、政策内容、政策数量、发布主体等方面来看，我国与全民健康管理相关的政策的发展可分为3个阶段。第1阶段是1988—2006年，健康管理兴起，但未建立完善的体制机制，相关政策文件的发布量相对较低，共计13份（12.75%）；第2个阶段是2007—2015年，2007年《关于开展全民健康生活方式行动的通知》开始向全民倡导和传播健康生活方式理念，相关政策数量逐渐增多，达34份（33.33%）；第3个阶段是2016年至今，全国卫生与健康大会上再次强调“没有全民健康，就没有全面小康”，健康中国战略高度重视全民健康，相关政策支持力度不断增强，累计发文55份（53.92%）。
2.2　政策工具特征分析
2.2.1　政策工具使用分布情况（表2）
在政策工具中，环境型政策工具的使用度最高，共310个文本，占比达61.63%（310/503）；其次是供给型政策工具，占26.84%（135/503）；需求型政策工具的占比最低，仅为11.53%（58/503）。所有子工具中，环境型政策工具中的宣传引导使用最多，占20.08%；海外交流、医疗保障及财政补助3个子工具体现较少，各有7个文本。供给型政策工具中公共服务的使用占比较大，为45个文本（8.95%）；需求型政策工具中示范工程的使用最高，共37个文本（7.36%）。
2.2.2　全民健康管理核心领域–政策工具二维分布情况
以政策工具为基础引入Y维度，得到全民健康管理核心领域–政策工具二维分布情况。所有政策文本中，涉及健康服务与保障领域最多，共218个文本，占比达43.34%，使用工具多为供给型；33.20%（167/503）的政策属于健康生活领域，均为环境型工具；健康环境领域占比19.48%（98/503），以环境型政策工具为主；健康产业及健康水平领域的政策文本数量较少，所占比例分别为2.19%（11/503）、1.79%（9/503）（见表3）。
3　讨　论
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我国全民健康管理相关政策涉及的政策工具囊括环境型、供给型和需求型，但是各类政策工具间使用频率不均，分布情况差异明显，存在重环境型而轻需求型问题。环境型政策工具占文本总量的61.63%，表明政府十分重视对全民健康管理环境的营造，但较依赖于宣传引导、目标规划、策略性措施等短期措施，具有明显的指向性[11]，导致相关措施方法与指标设置存在一定程度的重叠及可持续性薄弱等问题，亦反映出我国在建立健全全民健康管理机制体系的过程中，缺乏约束性及权威性政策。同时，尽管我国健康产业的规模不断增长、发展前景良好，但健康产业相关的政策支持力度仍然薄弱。供给型政策工具以公共服务与信息支撑为主，基本公共卫生服务均等化、中医药特色服务、居民动态电子健康档案等核心数据库建设成效显著，但基层及高层次的人才紧缺、科技研发和基础设施建设不足、资金落实及监管透明性较弱等结构性短板制约了公众对于全周期健康管理需求的满足。相较于其他两种政策工具的使用，需求型政策工具使用明显不足。在市场经济背景下，“需求拉动”的作用潜在比“供给推动”更直接、有效[12]。目前，我国全民健康管理相关政策中关于健康城市试点、全民健康生活方式行动示范活动等示范工程应用较多，虽有利于推进健康环境及健康社会的建设，但其他政策工具的投入明显不足。
针对政策工具的结构性失衡，亟需构建多元协同的治理框架。环境型政策工具应强化法规、标准建设与产业扶持，通过动态优化目标规划及评价体系、出台支持保障性政策，确保健康融入所有政策，加强其对于全面健康管理的促进作用。供给型政策工具需重视其在落地之后实际效果转化的突出作用[13]，在完善公卫服务与信息平台基础上，加强对于全民健康管理相关人、物、财方面的投入，加大对科技成果孵化和转化的扶持力度，助推全民健康管理的可持续发展。值得注意的是，应合理增加需求型政策工具的使用：（1）深入开展全民健康管理试点示范工程，对试点过程中产生的问题及时进行调整，健全全民健康管理政策体系并形成良好的市场效应。（2）鼓励相关企业及社会组织，积极利用各种资源，加大培育健康管理市场。（3）完善医疗保障体系，大力发展商业医疗保险，使其更好地发挥作为基本医疗保险的补充功能，满足人民群众多样化健康保障需求。（4）在目前已实施或在建设的项目基础上，扩大财政补助的覆盖面，统筹安排各类健康相关项目的资金，促进全民健康管理的发展，充分发挥其拉动作用。
目前我国全民健康管理政策对各领域的支持程度差别较大，政策主要集中于健康服务与保障方面，健康生活、健康环境2个领域发展适中，对于健康产业及健康水平的关注度较低，反映出政府对健康相关公共服务及支撑保障环节的重视[14]，但也应平衡发展各健康领域，全方位全周期地保障全民健康。对健康领域与政策工具使用进行交叉分析，健康水平、健康生活和健康环境领域主要使用环境型政策工具，持续提升人民健康水平、建成健康生产生活环境、扩大健康产业规模，与《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》的目标相契合，可见政府对于自身定位及发展道路非常明确。健康服务与保障领域以供给型政策工具为主，辅以环境型政策工具，表明政府通过加强资源与资金的投入、公共服务及信息平台建设的同时，不断改善相关体制机制建设，为全民健康管理全过程提供支撑与保障。尽管国家层面已围绕全民健康管理出台较多利好政策，并取得了良好成效，但既有相关政策仍呈现碎片化、结构及内容分散、健康领域覆盖不均衡等现象，反映出全民健康管理体系建设尚不健全、监管措施仍不完善、相关健康资源依旧短缺等问题。因此，在制定全民健康管理政策时，应更加注重政策的系统性与连贯性，加强各健康领域之间的协同发展。
近年来全民健康管理不断被提及，体现出全民健康管理理念愈来愈被政府重视、被大众接受与认可。全民健康管理是个系统性工程，不仅需要医疗卫生等相关领域的参与，更应从社会健康治理层面进行设计与管理。全民健康管理涉及众多方面，仅依靠卫生行政部门无法贯穿全民健康管理的全过程，应当加强国家医保局、药监局、教育部、科技部、司法部、财政部等多部门协调合作，加强归口管理，对全民健康管理的实施进行保障与监督。同时，加强政府、医疗机构、患者、企业、社会组织等不同主体之间的协同以及各区域间的合作，推进与社会力量的协作，推动全民共同参与，促进全民健康水平提升目标的实现和可持续发展。

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2025年第41卷第8期
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doi: 10.11847/zgggws1147317
  • 接收时间：2025-03-06
  • 首发时间：2026-10-25
  • 出版时间：2025-08-10
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  • 收稿日期：2025-03-06
  • 修回日期：2025-04-14
  • 录用日期：2025-07-12
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    1复旦大学公共卫生学院，上海 200032
    2国家卫生健康委员会卫生技术评估重点实验室，上海 200032

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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