Article(id=1321170743308698068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1321170608034009636, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11847/zgggws1147936, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1747065600000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-13, revisedDate=1753718400000, revisedDateStr=2025-07-29, acceptedDate=1755014400000, acceptedDateStr=2025-08-13, onlineDate=1792921251370, onlineDateStr=2026-10-25, pubDate=1765296000000, pubDateStr=2025-12-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792921251370, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792921251370, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792921251370, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1321170608034009636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, year='2025', volume='41', issue='12', pageStart='1409', pageEnd='1536', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1765296000000', pubDateStr='2025-12-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792921219118, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793011150268, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1321547806687474583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1321170608034009636, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1321547806687474584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1321170608034009636, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1501, endPage=1505, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1321170743510024661, articleId=1321170743308698068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=EN, title=Application and evaluation of cross-departmental collaboration mechanism in the control of infectious diseases during the China International Import Expos, columnId=1320427686514770171, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Public Health, columnName=Survey and Report, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the application of the prevention, preparation, response, and recovery (PPRR) theory in the cross-departmental collaboration in the prevention and control of infectious diseases in the China International Import Expos (CIIEs) held in every November in Shanghai from 2018 to 2024, thus providing an empirical basis and theoretical reference for optimizing the cross-departmental collaboration mechanism under regular prevention and control.

Methods

We collected the epidemic prevention and control work plans, emergency response plans, technical guidelines, summary reports, and relevant epidemic cases handled by Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention during the CIIEs from 2018 to 2024. The case analysis method was used to analyze the practices and achievements of cross-departmental collaboration in the prevention, preparation, response, and recovery phases based on the PPRR model.

Results

An efficient information collaboration mechanism was established based on an innovative "1+6+N" cross-departmental command architecture. The work in the prevention phase encompassed establishing a cross-departmental and multi-dimensional risk assessment model, adopting a layered monitoring strategy, and strengthening health monitoring. In the preparation phase, a modular prevention and control plan library was established, consisting of work plans, emergency plans, and technical guidance or operation manuals. In addition, cross-departmental joint training and exercises were conducted, and emergency material reserves were reasonably allocated to improve the response speed. In the response phase, a "4 h plus 12 h" disposal requirement was strictly implemented. Public health, security and CIIE bureau teams were mixed as an emergency response group and divided into several units. The interval between risk identification and risk confirmation as well as between risk confirmation and risk management was strictly controlled through risk hierarchical management. During the recovery phase, full-process post evaluation was conducted to solidify experience and promote optimization of resource allocation and disposal processes while assessing the effectiveness of the response. Upon evaluation, the above measures are expected to be effective to increase the risk warning time to within 30 minutes and reduce the overall emergency decision-making and response time to 10% of that under the conventional model. Therefore, Shanghai achieved "zero infection" of epidemics and "zero transmission" of imported diseases.

Conclusions

The collaborative mechanism architecture constructed based on the PPRR model can be used for the research of cross-departmental collaborative mechanisms in mass gatherings. In the future, cross-departmental collaboration on infectious disease prevention and control in mass gatherings can be further promoted in three dimensions: mechanism innovation, technological empowerment, and collaborative governance.

, authors=Rong CHEN1, Xiaoyan HUANG1, Huanyu WU1, Jian CHEN1, Lianmei JIN2, Fan DING2, Xin CHEN1, authorsList=Rong CHEN, Xiaoyan HUANG, Huanyu WU, Jian CHEN, Lianmei JIN, Fan DING, Xin CHEN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Fan DING, Xin CHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
DING Fan, E-mail:
CHEN Xin, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2025 Chinese Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1321170743933649368, articleId=1321170743308698068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=CN, title=中国国际进口博览会传染病疫情防控中跨部门协同机制的应用与评价, columnId=1320427686770622717, journalTitle=中国公共卫生, columnName=调查报告与分析, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分析2018—2024年每年11月在上海市举办的中国国际进口博览会疫情风险应对策略,探讨危机管理PPRR模型在大型活动跨部门传染病疫情协同防控中的应用,为优化常态化防控下跨部门协同机制提供实证依据与理论参考。

方法

收集前7届国际进口博览会传染病疫情防控工作方案、应急预案、技术指引、总结工作报告以及进口博览会期间上海市疾病预防控制中心参与处置的相关传染病疫情案例等,采用案例分析法,基于PPRR模型分析跨部门协同分别在预防阶段、准备阶段、响应阶段和恢复阶段的做法和取得的成效。

结果

创新性建立“1+6+N”跨部门指挥架构,建立高效信息协同机制。预防阶段构建跨部门、多维风险评估模型,采取分层监测策略,强化健康监测等关键措施;准备阶段建立“工作方案+应急预案+技术指引/操作手册”3大类模块化防控方案库,开展跨部门联合培训演练以及合理配置应急物资储备,极大地提高了应急队伍响应速度;响应阶段严格落实“4+12小时”处置要求,创新“卫生—公安—进口博览混合编组”应急响应单元模式。通过风险分级管理,有效控制发现疫情风险—风险确认—风险管理时间间隔;恢复阶段通过开展全过程事后评估,在评估保障效果的同时进一步固化经验,推动资源配置和处置流程优化。经评估,上述措施可有效实现风险预警时效提升至30 min内,整体事件决策响应时间平均缩短至传统模式的10%,从未发生由于举办大型活动引起的重点传染病疫情和规模性聚集性疫情。

结论

基于PPRR模型构建的协同机制架构可有效用于大型活动跨部门协同机制的评价。后续可在机制创新、技术赋能、协同治理3个维度继续推进大型活动传染病疫情防控的跨部门协同工作。

, authors=陈蓉1, 黄晓燕1, 吴寰宇1, 陈健1, 金连梅2, 丁凡2, *, *, 陈昕1, *, *, authorsList=陈蓉, 黄晓燕, 吴寰宇, 陈健, 金连梅, 丁凡, 陈昕, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=丁凡, 陈昕, authorNote=

陈蓉(1982—),主任医师,博士,研究方向:传染病防控和卫生应急管理

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丁凡,E-mail:
陈昕,E-mail:
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陈蓉(1982—),主任医师,博士,研究方向:传染病防控和卫生应急管理

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中国国际进口博览会传染病疫情防控中跨部门协同机制的应用与评价
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陈蓉 1 , 黄晓燕 1 , 吴寰宇 1 , 陈健 1 , 金连梅 2 , 丁凡 2, *, * , 陈昕 1, *, *
中国公共卫生 | 调查报告与分析 2025,41(12): 1501-1505
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中国公共卫生 |调查报告与分析 2025 , 41 (12) : 1501 -1505
中国国际进口博览会传染病疫情防控中跨部门协同机制的应用与评价
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陈蓉1, 黄晓燕1, 吴寰宇1, 陈健1, 金连梅2, 丁凡2, *, * , 陈昕1, *, *
作者信息
  • 1上海市疾病预防控制中心,上海 201107
  • 2中国疾病预防控制中心,北京 102206
通讯作者:
丁凡,E-mail:
陈昕,E-mail:
作者简介:

陈蓉(1982—),主任医师,博士,研究方向:传染病防控和卫生应急管理

Application and evaluation of cross-departmental collaboration mechanism in the control of infectious diseases during the China International Import Expos
Rong CHEN1, Xiaoyan HUANG1, Huanyu WU1, Jian CHEN1, Lianmei JIN2, Fan DING2 , Xin CHEN1
Affiliations
  • 1Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 201107, China
  • 2Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    DING Fan, E-mail:
    CHEN Xin, E-mail:
出版时间: 2025-12-10 doi: 10.11847/zgggws1147936
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目的

分析2018—2024年每年11月在上海市举办的中国国际进口博览会疫情风险应对策略,探讨危机管理PPRR模型在大型活动跨部门传染病疫情协同防控中的应用,为优化常态化防控下跨部门协同机制提供实证依据与理论参考。

方法

收集前7届国际进口博览会传染病疫情防控工作方案、应急预案、技术指引、总结工作报告以及进口博览会期间上海市疾病预防控制中心参与处置的相关传染病疫情案例等,采用案例分析法,基于PPRR模型分析跨部门协同分别在预防阶段、准备阶段、响应阶段和恢复阶段的做法和取得的成效。

结果

创新性建立“1+6+N”跨部门指挥架构,建立高效信息协同机制。预防阶段构建跨部门、多维风险评估模型,采取分层监测策略,强化健康监测等关键措施;准备阶段建立“工作方案+应急预案+技术指引/操作手册”3大类模块化防控方案库,开展跨部门联合培训演练以及合理配置应急物资储备,极大地提高了应急队伍响应速度;响应阶段严格落实“4+12小时”处置要求,创新“卫生—公安—进口博览混合编组”应急响应单元模式。通过风险分级管理,有效控制发现疫情风险—风险确认—风险管理时间间隔;恢复阶段通过开展全过程事后评估,在评估保障效果的同时进一步固化经验,推动资源配置和处置流程优化。经评估,上述措施可有效实现风险预警时效提升至30 min内,整体事件决策响应时间平均缩短至传统模式的10%,从未发生由于举办大型活动引起的重点传染病疫情和规模性聚集性疫情。

结论

基于PPRR模型构建的协同机制架构可有效用于大型活动跨部门协同机制的评价。后续可在机制创新、技术赋能、协同治理3个维度继续推进大型活动传染病疫情防控的跨部门协同工作。

跨部门协同机制  /  PPRR模型  /  国际进口博览会  /  上海市  /  危机管理
Objective

To explore the application of the prevention, preparation, response, and recovery (PPRR) theory in the cross-departmental collaboration in the prevention and control of infectious diseases in the China International Import Expos (CIIEs) held in every November in Shanghai from 2018 to 2024, thus providing an empirical basis and theoretical reference for optimizing the cross-departmental collaboration mechanism under regular prevention and control.

Methods

We collected the epidemic prevention and control work plans, emergency response plans, technical guidelines, summary reports, and relevant epidemic cases handled by Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention during the CIIEs from 2018 to 2024. The case analysis method was used to analyze the practices and achievements of cross-departmental collaboration in the prevention, preparation, response, and recovery phases based on the PPRR model.

Results

An efficient information collaboration mechanism was established based on an innovative "1+6+N" cross-departmental command architecture. The work in the prevention phase encompassed establishing a cross-departmental and multi-dimensional risk assessment model, adopting a layered monitoring strategy, and strengthening health monitoring. In the preparation phase, a modular prevention and control plan library was established, consisting of work plans, emergency plans, and technical guidance or operation manuals. In addition, cross-departmental joint training and exercises were conducted, and emergency material reserves were reasonably allocated to improve the response speed. In the response phase, a "4 h plus 12 h" disposal requirement was strictly implemented. Public health, security and CIIE bureau teams were mixed as an emergency response group and divided into several units. The interval between risk identification and risk confirmation as well as between risk confirmation and risk management was strictly controlled through risk hierarchical management. During the recovery phase, full-process post evaluation was conducted to solidify experience and promote optimization of resource allocation and disposal processes while assessing the effectiveness of the response. Upon evaluation, the above measures are expected to be effective to increase the risk warning time to within 30 minutes and reduce the overall emergency decision-making and response time to 10% of that under the conventional model. Therefore, Shanghai achieved "zero infection" of epidemics and "zero transmission" of imported diseases.

Conclusions

The collaborative mechanism architecture constructed based on the PPRR model can be used for the research of cross-departmental collaborative mechanisms in mass gatherings. In the future, cross-departmental collaboration on infectious disease prevention and control in mass gatherings can be further promoted in three dimensions: mechanism innovation, technological empowerment, and collaborative governance.

cross-departmental collaboration  /  PPRR model  /  China International Import Expos  /  Shanghai city  /  crisis management
陈蓉, 黄晓燕, 吴寰宇, 陈健, 金连梅, 丁凡, 陈昕. 中国国际进口博览会传染病疫情防控中跨部门协同机制的应用与评价. 中国公共卫生, 2025 , 41 (12) : 1501 -1505 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1147936
Rong CHEN, Xiaoyan HUANG, Huanyu WU, Jian CHEN, Lianmei JIN, Fan DING, Xin CHEN. Application and evaluation of cross-departmental collaboration mechanism in the control of infectious diseases during the China International Import Expos[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2025 , 41 (12) : 1501 -1505 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1147936
在全球化进程加速与城市群协同发展的双重驱动下,大型活动呈现高频次、大规模、复杂化的趋势。国家统计数据显示,2023年全国会展业综合贡献为6.1万亿元,占GDP的0.55%。中国室内展览面积占全球总面积的25.2%,形成“多极化”发展格局[1]。展会活动在促进经济文化交流的同时,其人群密度高、跨区域流动性及临时性空间聚合特征,明显增加了公共卫生风险。2015年世界卫生组织(WHO)发布的《大型活动卫生安全关键规划》中明确指出,大型集聚场所发生传染病暴发的概率较常规情景明显提升,且易引发次生灾害链式反应,造成经济损失与社会恐慌的叠加效应,容易演变为更为复杂的公共卫生问题[2–4]。现代疫情风险呈现病原体变异加速、传播路径多维重构、人群易感性动态波动等新特征,其防控体系从“单一卫生应急响应”向“多域协同治理”转变。我国根据历届重大活动的公共卫生保障实践也总结出相关经验,其防控过程需构建“政府–主体–专业–公众”四维联动机制,通过风险共治实现防控效能跃升。危机管理PPRR模型作为应急管理领域的元模型,其“预防—准备—响应—恢复”的四阶闭环结构,与大型活动传染病疫情风险管理呈现高度契合[5]。作为全球首个以进口为主题的国家级博览会,中国国际进口博览会(以下简称“进口博览会”)自2018年起,每年11月在上海市国家会展中心举办。截至2024年,已连续举办7届,并形成“30万多平方米的展会面积、200多个国家和地区参与、百万级人流量”的超级会展平台。在实施新型冠状病毒(简称“新冠病毒”)感染“乙类乙管”政策背景下,其传染病疫情防控呈现三重挑战:输入性病例压力大、参展群体防护意识和免疫水平参差、疫情防控与展会体验平衡难以兼顾。本研究以历届进口博览会传染病疫情风险应对为例,基于PPRR模型,探索其在大型活动跨部门协同防控的应用并提出相关思考建议,旨在为常态化防控背景下优化大型活动传染病疫情防控跨部门协同机制提供实证依据与理论参考。
资料来源于2018—2024年进口博览会传染病疫情防控工作方案、应急预案、技术指引、总结工作报告以及进口博览会期间上海市疾病预防控制中心参与处置的相关传染病疫情案例等资料。相关方案和资料均来源于上海市卫生健康和疾控部门。
采用案例分析法,基于危机管理PPRR模型分析7届进博会传染病疫情的案例,分别详细剖析并总结预防、准备、响应、恢复的不同时期。PPRR模型由危机管理4个阶段的工作组成,即危机管理前预防阶段(prevention)、危机前准备阶段(preparation)、危机暴发期响应阶段(response)和危机结束期恢复阶段(pecovery)4个部分[5–6]。预防阶段包括树立危机意识、建立监测预警系统,此阶段需要加强风险识别和评估,将风险降到最低;准备阶段包括危机预警系统、完善的应对计划、定期培训与演练等,此阶段强调提早做好应对准备措施;响应阶段包括危机的确认与控制,此阶段是通过相关利益方的沟通和信息交换,落实各类应急措施,防止危害进一步放大;恢复阶段包括危机的评估与学习,在做好危机后的组织重建工作的同时,总结经验,为今后应对危机提供经验借鉴[6–7]。
本研究基于PPRR模型,构建了覆盖预防—准备—响应—恢复全周期的协同防控体系,并在进口博览会保障中实现全流程实践验证。构建的跨部门协同疫情防控效能提升架构见图1。
创新性地建立“1+6+N”指挥体系。以1个中枢指挥中心为核心,整合卫生部门、海关部门、公安部门、商务部门、团委、进口博览局等6个核心部门资源,联动N个其他部门和场馆/场所属地保障单元,通过信息协同共享机制实现跨部门数据动态交互,决策响应时间平均缩短至传统模式的10%。
构建多维风险评估模型识别传染病疫情发生风险。聚焦“重要驻点、重要场所、重要活动”,通过强化健康监测和体温检测、设置医疗点和定点医疗机构、建立风险监测哨点、优化人员转运路线等关键措施,实现传染病疫情风险预警时效提升至30 min内。
建立模块化防控方案库(“工作方案+应急预案+技术指引/操作手册”3大类)。平均每年开展跨部门联合推演2次,应急队伍响应速度提高70%。按照资源配置效率性、科学性的原则,基于展馆内外疫情防控工作职责不同,构建“内外侧重、市区联动、医防融合”物资储备体系,综合风险评估和既往防控经验。活动场馆内物资储备以便携式个人防护和流行病学调查设备、呼吸道传染病快速采样和检测、现场消杀等物资为主。城市面上疫情防控物资储备按照属地化原则,由各区疾病预防控制中心负责辖区疫情处置防控物资以及定点医疗机构重要病原体快速检测试剂等补充储备;组建应急值守队伍,熟悉实战流程,提高协同应对能力。
严格落实“4+12小时”处置要求,严格控制风险的“发现—确认—管理”时间间隔。现场风险管理创新“卫生—公安—进口博览混合编组”应急响应单元模式,提升跨部门协作效率。针对人员、区域、通道、路线等的分级分类风险管理,可有效减少疫情风险扩散可能性,避免疫情扩散和外溢。该阶段是检验跨部门联防联控机制有效性的关键节点,也是跨部门协调效率的体现环节。卫生部门负责病例诊疗、转运和流行病学调查,公安、海关等部门配合开展流行病学调查和人员轨迹追踪等。各部门应密切配合,确保应急处置工作高效、有序地开展。
恢复阶段的主要任务是总结经验、改进不足。建立包含进口博览会保障全过程的事后评估体系,通过评估资源配置效率,预测次年防控成本,并形成改进操作建议(IAP)。
以PPRR模型为框架,系统构建进口博览会传染病疫情跨部门协同机制,梳理进口博览会在风险评估、监测预警、方案预案、培训演练、应急处置等方面的跨部门协作的应用。通过4个阶段全流程实践验证其有效性。
多层级风险防控网络构建。创新建立“1+6+X”疫情指挥体系,形成“平战结合”的防控模式。新冠病毒感染疫情防控期间,为进一步提高跨部门协同效能,成立进口博览会疫情防控专班,由市政府分管副秘书长牵头,卫生、海关、公安、大数据中心、团委、文旅、外事、合作交流、进口博览局等23家委办局和单位人员驻点现场集中办公。实施新冠病毒感染“乙类乙管”后,随着疫情态势和防控目标调整,由卫生健康和疾病预防控制部门牵头,与公安部门、团委、进口博览局、海关部门等核心单位和部门建立疫情风险防控联络员制度,及时互通信息并联动处置。
在历届进口博览会的专题风险评估中,上海市疾病预防控制中心牵头,集卫生、海关、商务、市场管理、公安、团委、文旅、进口博览局等单位和部门的专家,采取多轮次动态风险评估的模式,评估城市侧和活动测的风险,明确重点防控环节和部门职责,提出针对性风险管理建议。第七届进口博览会跨部门评估认为,登革热等境外输入传染病是主要的传染病风险之一。基于此评估结果,疾病预防控制中心会同海关部门细化输入性登革热的处置流程,定点医疗机构储备充足的登革热检测试剂,爱国卫生部门联合属地政府大力开展爱国卫生运动,有效地降低了相关区域的蚊媒密度。通过动态风险评估矩阵(覆盖5大类风险指标)实现风险识别效率大幅提升,其中境外输入性传染病风险评估将登革热等输入风险预警时效提前至活动前90 d。近3届进口博览会中,平均每届活动全程跨部门联合开展约6轮专题风险评估。尤其对蚊媒传播风险实施“环境治理—监测预警—应急消杀”三位一体防控策略,提前布局消杀力量和装备,使重点区域布雷图指数在会前均降至安全阈值以下。
精准化防控体系构建。构建“工作方案+应急预案+技术指引/操作手册”3大类模块化防控方案库。新冠病毒感染疫情防控期间,构建“1个总体方案+22个专项方案+9个应急预案+17个技术指引和2个防疫须知”防控方案体系,进一步推动部门协同和职责落地。常态化防控后,上海市聚集“重点、新发、少见和输入传染病的早发现、早报告、早处置”,以及“甄别疫情风险,控制疫情发展”两方面目标,卫生、疾病预防控制部门牵头制定《中国国际进口博览会重点传染病疫情防控工作方案》,明确了“风险监测、风险评估、风险管理、风险应对”等4个主要工作内容;使各单位和部门充分了解防控目标的变化和更新的防疫措施与要求;并指导相关细化行动方案,确保传染病防控工作顺利开展。由于工作人员和志愿者接触人员类型多,其感染传染病以及传播疫情的风险更高[3],进口博览会公共卫生保障相关部门严格落实上述人员的健康监测措施。基于现有医疗机构和实验室检测资源,聚焦紧急医学救治资源的可及性和布局合理性,围绕重要驻点、重要场所、重大活动,建立“呼吸道、呕吐腹泻、发热伴出血症等三大症候群监测网络”,2024年进口博览会设置展馆医疗站6个、定点医疗机构37家,45个院区及重点保障宾馆医疗点15个,实现进口博览会持证人员院内专用通道、专用诊室、专人接待,大大提高了进口博览会相关人员的就诊便利性。此外,进口博览会举办前期,上海市疾病预防控制中心开展分类培训4场次和跨部门模拟真实情景处置演练1次,覆盖700余名保障人员,其中疫情防控联络员培训合格率达100%,应急处置流程掌握度提升至92.3%。
全链条应急处置机制验证。实施“4+12小时响应模式”,即4 h内完成发现风险至病例确认,12 h内完成病例管理以及基本完成风险人员排查和管理,较传统模式缩短50%。建立跨部门协同处置模式,新冠病毒感染疫情防控期间,展馆现场组建“公安+进口博览局+疾控”联合处置编组,信息及时互通、联合开展处置,累计应对处置进口博览会现场疫情风险23起、累计排查展区内风险人员602人,实现新冠病毒感染疫情“零感染”的目标。针对输入性登革热病例,创新实施“医疗–疾控–海关–外事”四联处置机制,24 h内完成接触者排查管理以及疫点终末消毒,阻断传播链效率达100%。除了协同开展流行病学调查外,在病例转送及管理、风险场所和风险人员的排查和管理以及消毒、应急监测等方面,协同机制同样发挥作用。2024年进口博览会期间,定点医疗机构发现1名境外登革热参展参会人员,疾病预防控制部门会同外事部门、进口博览局、商务部门等部门共同做好该人员住院期间的安抚工作,并按照方案要求做好同行人员和接待人员的医学观察管理和相关场所的病媒应急监测和控制,未造成疫情的传播。
防控效能量化评估与持续改进。展会结束两周内,上海市疾病预防控制中心会同其他涉及活动保障部门或人员,联合构建包含进口博览会保障全过程的事后评估体系。主要聚焦活动后城市面传染病滞留疫情传播风险和外溢风险。评估结果显示,该协同机制使进口博览会期间传染病疫情发生风险大幅降低,应急处置资源调度效率显著提升,活动承办方以及活动保障涉及相关部门满意度调查得分达95%以上。研究提出的分层监测策略、风险分级管理和动态响应机制,为疫情大流行期间人群聚集活动中心疫情防控提供了创新解决方案,也为今后大型活动公共卫生保障提供了参考。
大型活动的传染病疫情防控需系统性应对多重风险要素的叠加效应。因此,需构建卫生部门、海关部门、商务部门、公安部门等跨部门协同的分级风险管理体系协同保障,且活动前、中、后的风险需全过程管理。而基于危机管理PPRR模型探讨大型活动传染病疫情风险跨部门协同管理,不仅有助于发现和应对疫情风险,提高部门协同处置效能,同样有助于规范大型活动举办前后跨部门协同要点。常态化防控后,进口博览会等大型活动的传染病疫情防控目标已转变为“防聚集和暴发疫情”与“防新发少见传染病”。本研究基于PPRR模型验证了协同机制构架在不同疫情态势下进口博览会公共卫生保障中的应用。实践证明,全周期、跨部门协同的防控体系是有效平衡大型活动举办与公共卫生安全的关键。但是,综合大型活动公共卫生保障防控要求和既往保障实践,在预案动态评估修订和数智化辅助决策、相关监测数据多元汇聚和智能研判,以及队伍和物资信息化管理与调派等方面仍需进一步健全和提升。在常规协同作业的同时,应重点聚焦机制创新、技术赋能和协同治理3个维度。
研究证实,跨部门联合开展动态风险评估可提升风险识别效率和精准率(基于进口博览会数据)。其核心价值体现在3个方面:(1)风险认知对齐:通过卫生、海关、公安、进口博览局等利益相关方参与评估,构建跨领域风险认知共同体,避免防控策略碎片化。(2)精准资源调配:基于风险评估结果实施资源精准分配,有效提升防疫物资储备效能。转诊至定点医疗机构时效缩短至40 min(中位数)。(3)应急预案迭代优化:建立“评估—预案—演练—修订”闭环机制,使应急预案和防控操作、演练培训方案等匹配度显著提升。未来可进一步探索构建大型活动公共卫生保障数字化推演平台,实现预案的动态压力测试;并利用预案牵引应急准备,指导活动中突发事件的应对处置实施[8–9]。
现有大型活动期间的监测体系仍然存在“数据烟囱”和“感知盲区”双重挑战。进口博览会期间的信息共享过程也暴露类似的问题。随着AI技术的推进,建议引进新技术以拓展监测渠道和提高监测效能。首先在个体监测层,推广智能穿戴设备(如体温贴片)与手机APP联动[10],构建“健康画像”数字孪生系统,实现异常状态实时预警。二是环境监测层:部署物联网传感网络,结合蚊媒密度AI预测模型,将媒介传播风险精准预警提前至活动举办前21 d。三是群体监测层:融合多源数据(医疗、交通、社交等)构建传染病传播动力学模型,通过机器学习实现疫情态势智能研判,全面提升类似进口博览会等大型活动期间传染病聚集性疫情响应时效[11–12]。
近年来的大型活动传染病疫情防控已突破传统属地管理范畴,需构建“数字治理+弹性协作”新模式[6]。(1)建立资源协同网络,实现防疫队伍和物资“平时分散存储和管理、战时统一调配和使用”,缩短跨区调拨时效[6]。(2)建立信息互通机制,开发区块链技术支撑的防疫信息共享系统,实现跨地区健康数据互认。(3)积极拓展国际协作框架,与WHO等国际组织合作,建立跨境疫情协同机制,研究数字疫苗护照、跨境数据互操作等[13–14]。旨在未来举办类似进口博览会等大型活动期间真正做到关口前移,有效降低传染病的输入风险。
综上所述,本研究创新性地构建了“风险评估–科技监测–协同响应”三位一体的防控范式,验证了PPRR模型在超大规模活动保障中的适用性。但研究主要基于单一类型大型活动(如进口博览会)的防控实践,其结论在不同规模、性质活动(如体育赛事、音乐节)中的普适性需进一步验证。后续研究可聚焦智能算法伦理、多源数据融合机制等前沿领域,持续完善“科技+治理”双轮驱动的智慧防控体系。

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2025年第41卷第12期
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doi: 10.11847/zgggws1147936
  • 接收时间:2025-05-13
  • 首发时间:2026-10-25
  • 出版时间:2025-12-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-13
  • 修回日期:2025-07-29
  • 录用日期:2025-08-13
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    1上海市疾病预防控制中心,上海 201107
    2中国疾病预防控制中心,北京 102206

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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