Article(id=1321170717606002912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1321170608034009636, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11847/zgggws1146395, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1731254400000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-11, revisedDate=1745683200000, revisedDateStr=2025-04-27, acceptedDate=1753372800000, acceptedDateStr=2025-07-25, onlineDate=1792921245241, onlineDateStr=2026-10-25, pubDate=1765296000000, pubDateStr=2025-12-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792921245241, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792921245241, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792921245241, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1321170608034009636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, year='2025', volume='41', issue='12', pageStart='1409', pageEnd='1536', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1765296000000', pubDateStr='2025-12-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792921219118, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793011150268, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1321547806687474583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1321170608034009636, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1321547806687474584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1321170608034009636, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1429, endPage=1434, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1321170719329861857, articleId=1321170717606002912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=EN, title=Association between social inclusion and cognitive function in older Chinese adults: a cross-lagged analysis using CHARLS data, columnId=1321170608730264101, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Public Health, columnName=Special Report—Promoting Healthy Aging and Improving the Quality of Life for the Elderly, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the relationship between social inclusion and cognitive function of older adults in China and provide a theoretical basis for future research on reducing the risk of cognitive impairment in older adults through social inclusion interventions.

Methods

Data were collected from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2015 (T1), 2018 (T2), and 2020 (T3), which measured cognitive function and social inclusion (economic inclusion, relational inclusion, and community inclusion) of 5 464 elderly people aged of and above 60. A cross-lagged model was adopted to analyze the effect of social inclusion on changes in cognitive function of older adults from T1 to T3.

Results

The 5 464 people aged of and above 60 included in the analysis showed the total cognitive function scores of (14.11 ± 5.26), (12.55 ± 6.17), and (12.14 ± 5.99) and total social inclusion scores of (2.15 ± 1.06), (1.73 ± 0.85), and (1.64 ± 0.87) in T1, T2, and T3 periods, respectively. After the control of confounding factors such as sex, age, and education, the total social inclusion scores in T1 and T2 could positively predict the total cognitive function scores in T2 and T3 (β′ = 0.019 and 0.017, both P < 0.01), respectively. The community inclusion scores in T1 and T2 could positively predict the total cognitive function scores in T2 and T3 (β′ = 0.016 and 0.016, both P < 0.05), respectively. The total cognitive function score in T1 could positively predict the total social inclusion score, economic inclusion score, relational inclusion score, and community inclusion score (β′ = 0.051, 0.023, 0.025, and 0.057, all P < 0.05) in T2. The total cognitive function score in T2 could positively predict the total social inclusion score, economic inclusion score, relational inclusion score, and community inclusion score (β′ = 0.063. 0.031, 0.027, and 0.075, all P < 0.05) in T3.

Conclusions

Good social inclusion of older adults can protect their cognitive function, especially community inclusion, and good cognitive function of older adults can promote social inclusion.

, authors=Wenhan DUAN1, Yanhong CHEN2, Xiaohui REN1, authorsList=Wenhan DUAN, Yanhong CHEN, Xiaohui REN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiaohui REN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
REN Xiaohui, E-mail:
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目的

分析中国老年人社会融合与认知功能的关系,为促进社会融合降低老年人认知障碍发生风险提供理论依据。

方法

收集中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)2015年(T1期)、2018年(T2期)和2020年(T3期)中5 464名≥60岁老年人认知功能和社会融合(经济融合、关系融合、社区融合)的相关数据。应用交叉滞后模型分析T1~T3期老年人社会融合对认知功能变化的影响。

结果

纳入分析的5 464名≥60岁老年人T1、T2和T3期的认知功能总分分别为(14.11±5.26)、(12.55±6.17)和(12.14±5.99)分;社会融合总分分别为(2.15±1.06)、(1.73±0.85)和(1.64±0.87)分;在控制性别、年龄和文化程度等混杂因素后,老年人T1期和T2期社会融合总分对T2期和T3期认知功能总分均有正向作用(β′=0.019和0.017,均P<0.01);T1期和T2期社区融合得分对T2期和T3期认知功能总分均有正向作用(β′=0.016和0.016,均P<0.05),T1期认知功能总分可分别正向预测T2期社会融合总分、经济融合得分、关系融合得分和社区融合得分(β′=0.051、0.023、0.025和0.057,均P<0.05);T2期认知功能总分可分别正向预测T3期社会融合总分、经济融合得分、关系融合得分和社区融合得分(β′=0.063、0.031、0.027和0.075,均P<0.05)。

结论

老年人良好的社会融合可保护其认知功能,特别是社区融合;老年人良好的认知功能亦可促进社会融合。

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段文涵(2000—),硕士在读,研究方向:社会医学

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任晓晖,E-mail:
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Poststroke cognitive impairment negatively impacts activity and participation outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Stroke, 2021, 52(2): 748-760., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1321170720160334055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170717606002912, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1321170720168722664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170717606002912, companyId=1321170720160334055, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Health Behavior and Social Medicine, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1321170720177111273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170717606002912, companyId=1321170720160334055, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院 健康行为与社会医学系,成都 610041)]), AuthorCompany(id=1321170720240025834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170717606002912, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1321170720248414443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170717606002912, companyId=1321170720240025834, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2The People′s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530022, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1321170720256803052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170717606002912, companyId=1321170720240025834, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2广西壮族自治区人民医院,南宁 530022)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1321170723775824138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170717606002912, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Cross-lagged model of the relationship between total social inclusion score and total cognitive function score of older adults in China, figureFileSmall=hT4qLmKft7IBLB8R5U+DRg==, figureFileBig=XwLsGcg7eHd4wP3lkRxKiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170723851321611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170717606002912, language=CN, label=图1, caption=中国老年人社会融合总分与认知功能总分关系交叉滞后模型图

注:图中线上数值均为标准化路径系数β'值,a P<0.01,b P<0.001。

, figureFileSmall=hT4qLmKft7IBLB8R5U+DRg==, figureFileBig=XwLsGcg7eHd4wP3lkRxKiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170724048453900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170717606002912, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Cross-lagged model of the relationship between scores of social inclusion dimensions and total cognitive function score of older adults in China, figureFileSmall=3aqu9vV1MqzeEBbdAqi8zw==, figureFileBig=DmA4QPxuLBwRd6LL/UvZQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170724140728589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170717606002912, language=CN, label=图2, caption=中国老年人社会融合各维度得分与认知功能总分关系交叉滞后模型图

注:图中线上数值均为标准化路径系数β'值,a P<0.05,b P<0.01,c P<0.001。

, figureFileSmall=3aqu9vV1MqzeEBbdAqi8zw==, figureFileBig=DmA4QPxuLBwRd6LL/UvZQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321170724212031758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170717606002912, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Correlation analysis between social inclusion dimensions and cognitive function (r)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类经济融合关系融合社区融合认知功能
T1期T2期T3期T1期T2期T3期T1期T2期T3期T1期T2期T3期
经济融合T1期1.00
T2期0.34 b1.00
T3期0.29 b0.36 b1.00
关系融合T1期0.030.030.021.00
T2期0.03 a0.05 b0.04 a0.19 b1.00
T3期0.03 a0.01−0.02−0.020.031.00
社区融合T1期0.09 b0.11 b0.05 b0.11 b0.04 b0.03 a1.00
T2期0.09 b0.09 b0.06 b0.04 b0.07 b0.03 a0.40 b1.00
T3期0.07 b0.06 b0.04 b0.010.020.11 b0.34 b0.40 b1.00
认知功能T1期0.13 b0.10 b0.10 b0.12 b0.08 b−0.060.21 b0.18 b0.17 b1.00
T2期0.13 b0.12 b0.11 b0.10 b0.09 b−0.050.20 b0.18 b0.17 b0.69 b1.00
T3期0.13 b0.11 b0.11 b0.11 b0.09 b−0.030.20 b0.17 b0.17 b0.67 b0.71 b1.00
), ArticleFig(id=1321170724308500751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170717606002912, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

社会融合各维度与认知功能的相关性分析(r)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类经济融合关系融合社区融合认知功能
T1期T2期T3期T1期T2期T3期T1期T2期T3期T1期T2期T3期
经济融合T1期1.00
T2期0.34 b1.00
T3期0.29 b0.36 b1.00
关系融合T1期0.030.030.021.00
T2期0.03 a0.05 b0.04 a0.19 b1.00
T3期0.03 a0.01−0.02−0.020.031.00
社区融合T1期0.09 b0.11 b0.05 b0.11 b0.04 b0.03 a1.00
T2期0.09 b0.09 b0.06 b0.04 b0.07 b0.03 a0.40 b1.00
T3期0.07 b0.06 b0.04 b0.010.020.11 b0.34 b0.40 b1.00
认知功能T1期0.13 b0.10 b0.10 b0.12 b0.08 b−0.060.21 b0.18 b0.17 b1.00
T2期0.13 b0.12 b0.11 b0.10 b0.09 b−0.050.20 b0.18 b0.17 b0.69 b1.00
T3期0.13 b0.11 b0.11 b0.11 b0.09 b−0.030.20 b0.17 b0.17 b0.67 b0.71 b1.00
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中国老年人社会融合与认知功能关系:基于CHARLS数据的交叉滞后模型分析
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段文涵 1 , 陈燕红 2 , 任晓晖 1, *, *
中国公共卫生 | 专题报道——守护老年健康,提升生命质量 2025,41(12): 1429-1434
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中国公共卫生 |专题报道——守护老年健康,提升生命质量 2025 , 41 (12) : 1429 -1434
中国老年人社会融合与认知功能关系:基于CHARLS数据的交叉滞后模型分析
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段文涵1, 陈燕红2, 任晓晖1, *, *
作者信息
  • 1四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院 健康行为与社会医学系,成都 610041
  • 2广西壮族自治区人民医院,南宁 530022
通讯作者:
任晓晖,E-mail:
作者简介:

段文涵(2000—),硕士在读,研究方向:社会医学

Association between social inclusion and cognitive function in older Chinese adults: a cross-lagged analysis using CHARLS data
Wenhan DUAN1, Yanhong CHEN2, Xiaohui REN1
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Health Behavior and Social Medicine, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
  • 2The People′s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530022, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    REN Xiaohui, E-mail:
出版时间: 2025-12-10 doi: 10.11847/zgggws1146395
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目的

分析中国老年人社会融合与认知功能的关系,为促进社会融合降低老年人认知障碍发生风险提供理论依据。

方法

收集中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)2015年(T1期)、2018年(T2期)和2020年(T3期)中5 464名≥60岁老年人认知功能和社会融合(经济融合、关系融合、社区融合)的相关数据。应用交叉滞后模型分析T1~T3期老年人社会融合对认知功能变化的影响。

结果

纳入分析的5 464名≥60岁老年人T1、T2和T3期的认知功能总分分别为(14.11±5.26)、(12.55±6.17)和(12.14±5.99)分;社会融合总分分别为(2.15±1.06)、(1.73±0.85)和(1.64±0.87)分;在控制性别、年龄和文化程度等混杂因素后,老年人T1期和T2期社会融合总分对T2期和T3期认知功能总分均有正向作用(β′=0.019和0.017,均P<0.01);T1期和T2期社区融合得分对T2期和T3期认知功能总分均有正向作用(β′=0.016和0.016,均P<0.05),T1期认知功能总分可分别正向预测T2期社会融合总分、经济融合得分、关系融合得分和社区融合得分(β′=0.051、0.023、0.025和0.057,均P<0.05);T2期认知功能总分可分别正向预测T3期社会融合总分、经济融合得分、关系融合得分和社区融合得分(β′=0.063、0.031、0.027和0.075,均P<0.05)。

结论

老年人良好的社会融合可保护其认知功能,特别是社区融合;老年人良好的认知功能亦可促进社会融合。

认知功能  /  社会融合  /  关系  /  交叉滞后分析  /  老年人  /  中国  /  认知障碍
Objective

To analyze the relationship between social inclusion and cognitive function of older adults in China and provide a theoretical basis for future research on reducing the risk of cognitive impairment in older adults through social inclusion interventions.

Methods

Data were collected from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2015 (T1), 2018 (T2), and 2020 (T3), which measured cognitive function and social inclusion (economic inclusion, relational inclusion, and community inclusion) of 5 464 elderly people aged of and above 60. A cross-lagged model was adopted to analyze the effect of social inclusion on changes in cognitive function of older adults from T1 to T3.

Results

The 5 464 people aged of and above 60 included in the analysis showed the total cognitive function scores of (14.11 ± 5.26), (12.55 ± 6.17), and (12.14 ± 5.99) and total social inclusion scores of (2.15 ± 1.06), (1.73 ± 0.85), and (1.64 ± 0.87) in T1, T2, and T3 periods, respectively. After the control of confounding factors such as sex, age, and education, the total social inclusion scores in T1 and T2 could positively predict the total cognitive function scores in T2 and T3 (β′ = 0.019 and 0.017, both P < 0.01), respectively. The community inclusion scores in T1 and T2 could positively predict the total cognitive function scores in T2 and T3 (β′ = 0.016 and 0.016, both P < 0.05), respectively. The total cognitive function score in T1 could positively predict the total social inclusion score, economic inclusion score, relational inclusion score, and community inclusion score (β′ = 0.051, 0.023, 0.025, and 0.057, all P < 0.05) in T2. The total cognitive function score in T2 could positively predict the total social inclusion score, economic inclusion score, relational inclusion score, and community inclusion score (β′ = 0.063. 0.031, 0.027, and 0.075, all P < 0.05) in T3.

Conclusions

Good social inclusion of older adults can protect their cognitive function, especially community inclusion, and good cognitive function of older adults can promote social inclusion.

cognitive function  /  social inclusion  /  relationship  /  cross-lagged model analysis  /  older adults  /  China  /  cognitive impairment
段文涵, 陈燕红, 任晓晖. 中国老年人社会融合与认知功能关系:基于CHARLS数据的交叉滞后模型分析. 中国公共卫生, 2025 , 41 (12) : 1429 -1434 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1146395
Wenhan DUAN, Yanhong CHEN, Xiaohui REN. Association between social inclusion and cognitive function in older Chinese adults: a cross-lagged analysis using CHARLS data[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2025 , 41 (12) : 1429 -1434 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1146395
认知功能由时间和空间定向力、执行能力、语言理解能力等多个方面的认知域构成。步入中老年后,认知功能一般随年龄的增长而下降 ,进而可能发展成轻度认知功能障碍(mild cognitive impairment, MCI),严重者甚至痴呆[1]。研究表明,2010—2020年中国老年人群MCI总体患病率为19%[2],认知障碍不仅降低老年人的生命质量[3],同时还给社会经济造成巨大负担[4]。而社会融合则是个体或群体相互融合和渗透,使人们拥有良好人际关系和平等资源的过程[5]。其一般包括经济融合(经济状况、教育、职业和住所等),关系融合(家庭关系和亲朋关系、邻里关系等)及社区融合(社区参与情况,主要有文艺体育活动、志愿活动和其他社区公共事务参与)等几个维度[6–8]。国内外研究均显示,老年人社会融合与认知功能具有相关性,中老年或老年早期较好的关系融合可以提高老年人的认知储备[9]。较差的社区融合可以预测认知障碍的发生[10],长期较差的经济融合与认知功能水平较低具有相关性[11–12]。然而,目前社会融合与认知功能关系的研究大多从社会参与和关系网络角度理解社会融合,即以关系融合和社区融合维度为主;涉及经济融合维度以及社会融合与认知功能动态作用关系的研究较少[10]。为分析老年人社会融合与认知功能的关系,为通过促进社会融合降低老年人认知障碍发生风险提供理论依据,本研究收集中国健康与养老追踪调查(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, CHARLS)2015年(T1期)、2018年(T2期)和2020年(T3期)中5 464名≥60岁老年人认知功能和社会融合(经济融合、关系融合、社区融合)的相关数据,应用交叉滞后模型分析T1~T3期老年人社会融合对认知功能变化的影响。结果报告如下。
CHARLS是一项涉及中国大陆≥45岁人群代表性的追踪调查,旨在建设一个高质量的公共微观数据库,采集的信息涵盖社会经济状况和健康状况等多维度的信息,以满足老龄科学研究的需要[13]。该项目所有数据均由北京大学中国社会科学调查中心采集并保存。数据库免费向社会公开,申请后经其审核可下载使用。本研究纳入2018年和2020年均成功回访且认知功能和社会融合等主要变量至少有2次测量的5 464名≥60岁老年人2015年(T1期)、2018年(T2期)和2020年(T3期)相关数据进行分析。内容包括性别、年龄、文化程度、社会融合和认知功能等。本研究从经济融合、关系融合和社区融合3个维度测量老年人的社会融合情况[6]。经济融合由房屋结构[14]和家庭人均年消费水平来测量。房屋结构测量条目为“建筑结构”,其中,“钢筋混凝土结构”“砖木结构”和“混合结构”可认为住房条件良好,赋值为1分;“木、竹、草结构”“毛毡”“简易铁皮房”“窑洞”“帐篷”“土坯房”和“其他结构”可认为住房条件一般,赋值为0分。家庭人均年消费水平测量条目为“家庭年支出”。本研究将调查对象家庭人均年消费水平与相应调查年份全国农村家庭人均年消费支出和城镇家庭人均年消费支出[15]进行比较,低于平均水平赋值为0分,不低于平均水平赋值为1分。经济融合得分为以上2个条目得分的均值,得分为0~1分,分值越高,表明老年人的经济融合越好。关系融合由“非同住子女交往频率”和“朋友串门及交往频率”来测量[6],每个条目按“几乎从来没有”“半月1次或更少”“差不多每周”和“差不多每天”分别赋0、1、2和3分。关系融合得分为以上2个条目得分的均值,得分为0~3分;分值越高,表明老年人的关系融合越好。社区融合由老年人参与社区团体活动的频率来测量,包括“近1个月打麻将、下棋、打牌、去社区活动室”“近1个月去公园或者其他场所跳舞、健身、练气功”“近1个月参加社团组织活动”等活动的频率,每个条目按“未参加”“不经常”“差不多每周”和“差不多每天”分别赋0、1、2和3分。社区融合得分为以上3个条目得分的均值,得分为0~3分,分值越高,表明老年人社区融合越好。社会融合总分为经济融合、关系融合和社区融合3个维度得分之和,总分为0~7分,分值越高,表明老年人的社会融合越好。认知功能指标基于简易精神状态检查量表(Mini-Mental State Examination, MMSE)进行测量。包括即时记忆(10道题)、延迟记忆(10道题)、时间定向(5道题)、计算与注意力(5道题)和绘图(1道题)共5个领域31道题。每答对1道题得1分,回答错误或答不知道得0分,总分为0~31分,总分越高表明老年人认知功能越好。
应用SPSS 25.0和Mplus 7.4统计软件进行一般描述性分析、Pearson相关分析和交叉滞后模型分析[16]。交叉滞后模型分析纳入2015年(T1期)、2018年(T2期)和2020年(T3期)的数据,控制变量为T1期基线的性别、年龄和文化程度,构建社会融合及经济融合、关系融合、社区融合3个维度和认知功能的交叉滞后模型。采用比较拟合指数(comparative fit index, CFI)、Tucker-Lewis指数(tucker-lewis index, TLI)、近似残差均方根(root-mean-square error of approximation, RMSEA)、标准化均方根残差(standardized root mean square residual, SRMR)等指标判断竞争模型拟合的优劣。优判断标准为:CFI>0.90,TLI>0.9,RMSEA<0.08,SRMR<0.08[17]。检验水准为双侧α=0.05。
纳入分析的5 464名中国老年人中,男性2 710人(49.60%),女性2 754人(50.40%);60~69岁2 240人(40.81%),≥70岁3 234人(59.19%);文化程度文盲/半文盲1 458人(26.69%),小学2 195人(40.17%),初中及以上1 811人(33.14%)。
中国老年人2015年(T1期)、2018年(T2期)和2020年(T3期)社会融合总分分别为(2.15±1.06)、(1.73±0.85)和(1.64±0.87)分;经济融合得分分别为(1.04±0.51)、(0.55±0.29)和(0.57±0.27)分;关系融合得分分别为(1.14±0.59)、(1.12±0.55)和(1.10±0.65)分;社区融合得分分别为(0.24±0.43)、(0.19±0.46)和(0.17±0.37)分;认知功能总分分别为(14.11±5.26)、(12.55±6.17)和(12.14±5.99)分。
相关性分析结果显示,社会融合T1期总分与社会融合T2期和T3期总分均呈正相关(r=0.23、0.04,均P<0.01),与认知功能T1期、T2期和T3期总分均呈正相关(r=0.26、0.24、0.25,均P<0.01);社会融合T2期总分与社会融合T3期总分呈正相关(r=0.11,P<0.001),与认知功能T1期、T2期和T3期总分均呈正相关(r=0.19、0.20和0.18,均P<0.01);社会融合T3期总分与认知功能T3期总分呈正相关(r=0.03,P=0.034);经济融合T1期得分与经济融合T2期和T3期得分,关系融合T2期和T3期得分,社区融合T1期、T2期和T3期得分,认知功能T1期、T2期和T3期总分均呈正相关(r=0.03~0.34,均P<0.05)。经济融合T2期得分与经济融合T3期得分,关系融合T2期得分,社区融合T1期、T2期和T3期得分,认知功能T1期、T2期和T3期总分均呈正相关(r=0.05~0.36,均P<0.01)。经济融合T3期得分与关系融合T2期得分,社区融合T1期、T2期和T3期得分,认知功能T1期、T2期和T3期总分均呈正相关(r=0.04~0.11,均P<0.05)。关系融合T1期得分与关系融合T2期得分,社区融合T1期、T2期得分,认知功能T1期、T2期和T3期总分均呈正相关(r=0.04~0.19,均P<0.01)。关系融合T2期得分与社区融合T1期、T2期得分,认知功能T1期、T2期和T3期总分均呈正相关(r=0.04~0.09,均P<0.01)。关系融合T3期得分与社区融合T1期、T2期和T3期得分均呈正相关(r=0.03~0.11,均P<0.05)。社区融合T1期得分与社区融合T2期、T3期得分,认知功能T1期、T2期、T3期总分均呈正相关(r=0.20~0.40,均P<0.01)。社区融合T2期得分与社区融合T3期得分,认知功能T1期、T2期和T3期总分均呈正相关(r=0.17~0.40,均P<0.01)。社区融合T3期得分与认知功能T1期、T2期和T3期总分均呈正相关(均r=0.17,P<0.01)。认知功能T1期总分与认知功能T2期、T3期总分均呈正相关(r=0.69、0.67,均P<0.01)。认知功能T2期总分与认知功能T3期总分呈正相关(r=0.71,P<0.01)。
考虑到自回归与同期相关并将性别、年龄、文化程度设置为控制变量后,构建中国老年人社会融合总分与认知功能总分关系的交叉滞后模型。模型拟合指标CFI=0.998,TLI=0.987,RMSEA=0.030,SRMR=0.007,构建模型达到拟合标准。结果显示,老年人社会融合总分与认知功能总分自回归系数差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。老年人前一期社会融合总分对后一期认知功能总分有正向作用,“T1期社会融合→T2期认知功能”和“T2期社会融合→T3期认知功能”的标准化路径系数β′值分别为0.019和0.017(均P<0.01);前一期认知功能总分亦对后一期社会融合总分有正向作用,“T1期认知功能→T2期社会融合”和“T2期认知功能→T3期社会融合”的标准化路径系数β′值分别为0.051和0.063(均P<0.001)。
考虑到自回归与同期相关并将性别、年龄、文化程度设置为控制变量后,构建中国老年人经济融合得分、关系融合得分和社区融合得分与认知功能总分关系的交叉滞后模型。模型拟合指标CFI=0.996,TLI=0.987,RMSEA=0.019,SRMR=0.013,构建模型达到拟合标准。结果显示,老年人经济融合得分、关系融合得分、社区融合得分和认知功能总分自回归系数差异比较,均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。老年人前一期社区融合得分可正向预测后一期的认知功能总分,即社区融合较好老年人后一期的认知功能也较好,“T1期社区融合→T2期认知功能”和“T2期社区融合→T3期认知功能”的标准化路径系数β'值均为0.016(均P<0.05);T1期认知功能总分可正向预测T2期社区融合得分,T2期认知功能总分亦可正向预测T3期社区融合得分,对应的标准化路径系数β′值分别为0.057和0.075(均P<0.001);未发现老年人前一期经济融合得分对后一期认知功能总分的预测效应,但前一期认知功能总分对后一期经济融合得分有正向预测作用,即认知功能较好的老年人可促进后期的经济融合,“T1期认知功能→T2期经济融合”和“T2期认知功能→T3期经济融合”的标准化路径系数β′值分别为0.023和0.031(均P<0.05);未发现老年人前一期关系融合得分对后一期认知功能总分的预测效应,但前一期认知功能总分对关系融合得分有正向预测作用,即认知功能较好的老年人可促进后期的关系融合,“T1期认知功能→T2期关系融合”和“T2期认知功能→T3期关系融合”的路径系数分别为0.025和0.027,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。
本研究利用CHARLS中2015年(T1期)、2018年(T2期)和2020年(T3期)≥60岁老年人的相关数据,应用交叉滞后模型分析动态条件下老年人T1期~T3期社会融合及其维度对认知功能的影响。结果显示,中国老年人前一期社会融合总分对后一期认知功能总分有正向作用,“T1期社会融合→T2期认知功能”和“T2期社会融合→T3期认知功能”的标准化路径系数β′值分别为0.019和0.017(均P<0.01),与Calmasini C等[18]研究结果一致。提示社会融合较好老年人后一期的认知功能也较好。
社会融合各维度得分与认知功能总分关系的交叉滞后分析结果显示,老年人社区融合可正向预测认知功能的变化,与鲍瑞等[19 – 20]研究结果一致。这可能是因为社区融合可通过在社区和社会交往中调动老年人自身大脑或躯体功能刺激改善生理状况[21]。且积极的社区活动能够为老年人提供物质上和精神上的支持,这种社会支持可能具有压力缓冲作用,从而减少高度紧张事件对身体或认知功能的损害[22];与此同时,老年人在交往互动中可能受他人示范影响而采取更多的健康行为[23],从而对老年人认知功能起到保护作用。本研究未发现老年人关系融合对认知功能的影响,与Perry B L等[24]对平均年龄为70岁老年人进行的一项7年追踪随访队列研究的结果一致。这可能是因为本研究中关系融合测量的为家人和亲密朋友的联系强度,而家人和亲密朋友均非常熟悉。因此,可能在与其进行交往的过程中对大脑的刺激作用较小[25]。此外,本研究亦未发现老年人经济融合对认知功能的影响。国外研究表明,贫穷会直接对认知功能起负面作用[11],与本研究结果不同。这可能与本研究中纳入分析的老年人大多为农村户籍,农村经济发展缓慢,收入和消费水平差距相对较小有关。因此,未观察到经济融合对认知功能的影响。
本研究结果还显示,老年人认知功能总分对社会融合各维度得分均有正向作用。在经济融合方面,良好的认知功能状况可以促使老年人更好地计划和管理自己的经济决策[26],促进家庭消费[27];在关系融合方面,认知功能受损将直接影响一般社交和亲密关系。例如,在人际交往过程中,由于记忆力的衰退,老年人会遗忘人际关系中的重要事件,导致人际关系紧张,还会导致老年人产生恐惧心理,进一步降低人际交流频率[10]。在社区融合方面,老年人社区活动的参与也需要记忆能力和沟通交流能力等认知功能的支持,同时,老年人子女可能会出于安全性考虑有意或无意降低老年人的社会活动频率[28]。
综上所述,老年人良好的社会融合可保护其认知功能,特别是社区融合。反之,良好的认知功能可促进其社会融合。因此,应将社区融合作为促进老年人社会融合的重点。在社区融合方面,社区和政府有关部门应积极引导老年人主动参与社区和社会活动,营造爱老、敬老、助老的社会氛围,为老年人休闲娱乐和发挥自我价值提供相应的设施及平台;此外,政府和社会力量还应加强老年人认知功能筛查,建立实施分级分类干预体系,做到早筛查、早发现、早干预,切实改善老年人认知功能或减缓认知衰老。但本研究尚存在一定的局限性:首先,由于随访队列中高龄老年人的死亡或失访可能导致纳入分析的样本与未纳入分析的样本在基本人口学特征中存在差异,使得本文结论的外推性受到限制;其次,由于CHARLS现有数据库的限制,如使用“房屋结构”测量经济融合可能在短期内难以观察到明显变化,降低了经济融合的敏感度;最后,由于数据库限制,本研究未能测量老年人的主观社会融合指标,如经济满意度、关系满意度和社区活动满意度等。这可能会高估社会融合对认知功能的保护作用。因此,在今后的研究中可利用不同来源数据库探讨老年人社会融合与认知功能的相关性以验证结论的稳健性。此外,对经济融合的测量可考虑用家庭资产等指标并纳入主观社会融合指标,从而更全面地分析社会融合与老年人认知功能的关系。

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2025年第41卷第12期
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doi: 10.11847/zgggws1146395
  • 接收时间:2024-11-11
  • 首发时间:2026-10-25
  • 出版时间:2025-12-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-11
  • 修回日期:2025-04-27
  • 录用日期:2025-07-25
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    1四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院 健康行为与社会医学系,成都 610041
    2广西壮族自治区人民医院,南宁 530022

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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