Article(id=1321170605131547026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1321170430187130949, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11847/zgggws1144798, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1713888000000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-24, revisedDate=1727625600000, revisedDateStr=2024-09-30, acceptedDate=1731254400000, acceptedDateStr=2024-11-11, onlineDate=1792921218425, onlineDateStr=2026-10-25, pubDate=1739116800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792921218425, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792921218425, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792921218425, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1321170430187130949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, year='2025', volume='41', issue='2', pageStart='129', pageEnd='256', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1739116800000', pubDateStr='2025-02-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792921176716, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792921176716, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=170, endPage=175, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1321170605500645779, articleId=1321170605131547026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=EN, title=Analysis of children′s well-being from the perspective of family–school–community collaboration, columnId=1320427696342020970, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Public Health, columnName=Epidemiological Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To understand the influence of family, school, and community social environments on children′s perceived well-being, to explore the key indicators that affect children′s well-being, and to provide suggestions and references for building child-friendly cities and creating friendly social environments.

Methods

Using stratified multistage cluster sampling and a self-developed questionnaire, we recruited 3 511 students in grades 4–6 from 12 primary schools in 6 districts of Xiamen city, Fujian province for on-site online surveys conducted from October 2023 to January 2024. Independent samples t-tests and analysis of variance were used for univariate analysis. Multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the influence of the friendliness of the family, school, and community social environments on children′s perceived well-being. Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression was used to screen key indicators of family-school-community social environments that influence perceived well-being, and regression coefficient estimation and significance tests were performed.

Results

For the 3 289 participants (54.03% boys and 45.97% girls, mean age 10.38±0.96 years) with valid responses, the mean perceived well-being score was 64.29±9.21. Based on Model 1 (which included only demographic variables), Model 8, which included family, school, and community social environment variables, increased the explanatory power of perceived child well-being by 44.6%. Compared to the school social environment (β=0.12, B=0.16, P<0.001) and the community social environment (β=0.59, B=0.22, P<0.001), the family social environment (β=0.66, B=0.39, P<0.001) had a greater impact on children′s perceived well-being. From the perspective of family-school-community synergy, five key indicators of the family environment, six key indicators of the school environment, and three key indicators of the community environment that affect children′s perceived well-being were selected. Among the key indicators in the family dimension, children′s feeling that “talking with parents is relaxing” (B=0.12, P<0.001) and “my family knows what is going on in this school” (B=0.12, P<0.001) had a greater impact on children′s perceived well-being. In the school dimension, “the subjects learned in school are all very interesting” (B=0.13, P<0.001) had the greatest impact on the perceived well-being. In the community dimension, children′s perception that “the people in this community are warm and caring” had a greater impact on children′s perceived well-being (B=0.08, P<0.001).

Conclusions

To promote children′s well-being, families, schools, and communities must work together to create a child-friendly social atmosphere, especially by promoting relaxed and happy parent-child communication, parental involvement in children′s lives, and the interest in school curricula.

, authors=Wenkui LU1, Meijie CHU2, Yanfang JIANG1, Baoyi ZENG2, Chengliang LIU2, Yangjingling HUA1, Huarong HONG1, Yizhen JIANG2, authorsList=Wenkui LU, Meijie CHU, Yanfang JIANG, Baoyi ZENG, Chengliang LIU, Yangjingling HUA, Huarong HONG, Yizhen JIANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Huarong HONG, Yizhen JIANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
HONG Huarong, E-mail:
JIANG Yizhen, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2025 Chinese Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1321170607983673754, articleId=1321170605131547026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=CN, title=家庭–学校–社区协同视域下儿童幸福感水平分析, columnId=1320427696509793132, journalTitle=中国公共卫生, columnName=流行病学研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

了解家庭、学校和社区社会环境对儿童幸福感的影响,探讨影响儿童幸福感的关键指标,为儿童友好城市建设和友善社会环境营造提供建议和参考。

方法

于2023年10月—2024年1月,在福建省厦门市采用多阶段随机整群抽样方法,对小学4~6年级的3 289名小学生进行问卷调查,描述其幸福感水平,并采用t检验、方差分析进行单因素分析,采用多元线性回归模型分析家庭、学校和社区社会环境的友善程度对儿童幸福感的影响,采用LASSO回归筛选家庭–学校–社区的社会环境中对幸福感影响的关键指标,并进行回归系数估计和显著性检验。

结果

被调查3 289名儿童平均年龄为(10.38±0.96)岁,男生1 777(54.03%)人,女生1 512(45.97%)人,儿童幸福感平均得分为(64.29±9.21)分;在模型1(只纳入人口学特征)的基础上,纳入了家庭、学校和社区社会环境变量构建的模型8对儿童幸福感的解释力度增加了44.6%;相较于学校社会环境(β=0.12,B=0.16,P<0.001)和社区社会环境(β=0.59,B=0.22,P<0.001),家庭社会环境(β=0.66,B=0.39,P<0.001)对儿童幸福感的影响更大;家庭–学校–社区协同视域下筛选出影响儿童幸福感的5个家庭环境关键指标、6个学校关键指标和3个社区环境关键指标,在家庭维度的关键指标中,儿童自觉“与父母交谈是一件让人感到轻松的事”(B=0.12,P<0.001)和“我的家人知道这所学校里发生的事情”(B=0.12,P<0.001)对儿童的幸福感影响更大,在学校维度,“学校里学习的科目都很有趣”(B=0.13,P<0.001)对幸福感的影响最为显著,在社区维度,儿童认为“这个社区的人热情周到”对儿童幸福感的影响较大(B=0.08,P<0.001)。

结论

为促进儿童的幸福感,家庭、学校和社区需共同协作营造儿童友善的社会氛围,尤其需要增进轻松愉快的亲子沟通、父母参与儿童生活和学校课程学习的趣味性。

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卢文奎(1984—),主管医师,硕士,研究方向:学校卫生、学生食品安全及营养

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洪华荣,E-mail:
江宜珍,E-mail:
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journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=徐延辉, 龚紫钰, 陈磊. 社区建设与城市居民的主观幸福感[J]. 社会建设, 2017, 4(5): 48-60., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1321170618096140787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170605131547026, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=24, rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=孟祥斐. 社会质量与居民幸福感——基于深圳与厦门的实证分析[J]. 特区经济, 2015(8): 28-32., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1321170618167443956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170605131547026, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=25, rfOrder=25, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=柯江林, 贾懿然, 周璇. 包容性氛围对经济困难大学生心理行为的影响: 有调节的中介模型[J]. 中国临床心理学杂志, 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Number and proportion of primary school students surveyed and their perceived well-being scores by gender, grade, ethnicity, and residential area in Xiamen city

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人口学特征选项人数构成比/%幸福感水平/分t/F值P值
性别男性1 77754.0364.29±9.360.040.964
女性1 51245.9764.28±9.03
年级4年级1 08933.1163.89±9.071.630.197
5年级1 07832.7864.41±9.26
6年级1 12234.1164.56±9.28
民族汉族3 19397.0864.32±9.201.010.313
少数民族962.9263.35±9.38
居住地区海沧区54416.5465.09±9.425.58<0.001
湖里区54816.6663.74±9.79
集美区55516.8764.84±8.45
思明区56317.1264.97±8.92
同安区57317.4262.73±8.96
 翔安区50615.3864.42±9.49  
), ArticleFig(id=1321170612769374674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170605131547026, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

调查对象人口学特征及幸福感得分比较($\bar x \pm s$/分)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人口学特征选项人数构成比/%幸福感水平/分t/F值P值
性别男性1 77754.0364.29±9.360.040.964
女性1 51245.9764.28±9.03
年级4年级1 08933.1163.89±9.071.630.197
5年级1 07832.7864.41±9.26
6年级1 12234.1164.56±9.28
民族汉族3 19397.0864.32±9.201.010.313
少数民族962.9263.35±9.38
居住地区海沧区54416.5465.09±9.425.58<0.001
湖里区54816.6663.74±9.79
集美区55516.8764.84±8.45
思明区56317.1264.97±8.92
同安区57317.4262.73±8.96
 翔安区50615.3864.42±9.49  
), ArticleFig(id=1321170612840677843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170605131547026, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Differences in mean scores of child-friendly family/school/community rated by 3 289 primary school students in Xiamen city stratified by gender, grade, ethnicity, and residential area

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人口学特征分类家庭社会
环境水平
t或F值P值学校社会
环境水平
t或F值P值社区社会
环境水平
t或F值P值
性别男性39.57±5.41–0.650.51393.11±12.62–2.030.04221.57±3.56–1.340.180
女性39.69±5.4393.96±11.4121.74±3.33
年级4年级39.65±5.300.020.98394.00±11.871.650.19221.70±3.510.170.840
5年级39.60±5.4893.45±12.0621.62±3.48
6年级39.62±5.4893.07±12.3121.62±3.39
民族汉族39.64±5.400.990.32193.49±12.10–0.380.70121.65±3.460.490.627
少数民族39.08±5.9893.97±11.6421.48±3.38
居住地区海沧区39.58±5.819.23<0.00193.87±13.076.10<0.00122.19±3.535.47<0.001
湖里区39.18±5.8091.91±12.6321.52±3.38
集美区40.62±4.4995.01±10.3021.74±3.27
思明区40.28±5.2094.75±10.7221.76±3.25
同安区38.82±5.3192.36±12.5121.17±3.63
 翔安区39.25±5.65  93.08±12.81  21.52±3.59  
), ArticleFig(id=1321170612920369620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170605131547026, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同特征儿童家庭、学校和社区社会环境得分比较($\bar x \pm s$/分)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
人口学特征分类家庭社会
环境水平
t或F值P值学校社会
环境水平
t或F值P值社区社会
环境水平
t或F值P值
性别男性39.57±5.41–0.650.51393.11±12.62–2.030.04221.57±3.56–1.340.180
女性39.69±5.4393.96±11.4121.74±3.33
年级4年级39.65±5.300.020.98394.00±11.871.650.19221.70±3.510.170.840
5年级39.60±5.4893.45±12.0621.62±3.48
6年级39.62±5.4893.07±12.3121.62±3.39
民族汉族39.64±5.400.990.32193.49±12.10–0.380.70121.65±3.460.490.627
少数民族39.08±5.9893.97±11.6421.48±3.38
居住地区海沧区39.58±5.819.23<0.00193.87±13.076.10<0.00122.19±3.535.47<0.001
湖里区39.18±5.8091.91±12.6321.52±3.38
集美区40.62±4.4995.01±10.3021.74±3.27
思明区40.28±5.2094.75±10.7221.76±3.25
同安区38.82±5.3192.36±12.5121.17±3.63
 翔安区39.25±5.65  93.08±12.81  21.52±3.59  
), ArticleFig(id=1321170613050393045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170605131547026, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Associations of demographics (gender, grade, ethnicity, residential area, and age in model 1), child-friendly family (model 2)/school (model 3)/community (model 4), and their combinations (models 5–8) with perceived well-being among school children: linear regression analysis of data from 3 289 primary school students in Xiamen city

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型自变量βBR2 值校正R2值ΔR2 值P值
模型 1人口学变量0.0100.007
模型 2家庭社会环境1.040.610.3800.3780.370<0.001
模型 3学校社会环境0.440.580.3470.3450.337<0.001
模型 4社区社会环境1.450.540.3030.3010.294<0.001
模型 5家庭社会环境0.680.400.4330.4310.424<0.001
学校社会环境0.240.31<0.001
模型 6家庭社会环境0.760.450.4470.4450.438<0.001
社区社会环境0.820.31<0.001
模型 7学校社会环境0.300.400.3740.3720.364<0.001
社区社会环境0.660.25<0.001
模型 8家庭社会环境0.660.390.4550.4530.446<0.001
学校社会环境0.120.16<0.001
 社区社会环境0.590.22   <0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1321170613146862038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170605131547026, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

儿童幸福感及家庭、学校和社区社会环境关系的线性回归分析 (n=3 289)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型自变量βBR2 值校正R2值ΔR2 值P值
模型 1人口学变量0.0100.007
模型 2家庭社会环境1.040.610.3800.3780.370<0.001
模型 3学校社会环境0.440.580.3470.3450.337<0.001
模型 4社区社会环境1.450.540.3030.3010.294<0.001
模型 5家庭社会环境0.680.400.4330.4310.424<0.001
学校社会环境0.240.31<0.001
模型 6家庭社会环境0.760.450.4470.4450.438<0.001
社区社会环境0.820.31<0.001
模型 7学校社会环境0.300.400.3740.3720.364<0.001
社区社会环境0.660.25<0.001
模型 8家庭社会环境0.660.390.4550.4530.446<0.001
学校社会环境0.120.16<0.001
 社区社会环境0.590.22   <0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1321170613469823447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170605131547026, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Key item-specific associations of child-friendly family (5 items)/school (6 items)/community (3 items) with perceived well-being among school children: multivariate linear regression analysis (adjusted for gender, grade, ethnicity, residential area, and age) of data from 3 289 primary school students in Xiamen city

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标βB值P值
家庭社会环境
 当我遇到困难或事情没做好时,家人会鼓励我1.330.11<0.001
 我可以很容易地向父母表达我所有的真实情感0.800.08<0.001
 我觉得与父母交谈是一件让人感到轻松的事1.270.12<0.001
 爸爸或妈妈会关心我在学校中过得怎么样0.550.040.035
 我的家人知道这所学校里发生的事情1.260.12<0.001
学校社会环境
 学校里学习的科目都很有趣1.350.13<0.001
 我的老师对我的作业给予反馈,帮助我改进我的作业0.170.010.507
 当我们有寻求学习所需的课内外材料(书、教具等)时,这所学校都可以提供0.350.030.080
 学生们彼此友好相待0.320.030.159
 如果学生看到另一个学生被欺负,他们会试图阻止0.750.07<0.001
 学校鼓励学生多花时间一起合作学习0.170.010.485
社区社会环境
 这个社区的人热情周到0.910.08<0.001
 在社区,孩子们不论来自哪里,不论宗教、国籍、文化或残疾,都受到尊重0.670.050.011
 我所在的社区邻居之间有很强的凝聚力0.590.060.008
), ArticleFig(id=1321170613566292440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170605131547026, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

家庭–学校–社区视域下影响儿童幸福感的关键指标显著性检验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标βB值P值
家庭社会环境
 当我遇到困难或事情没做好时,家人会鼓励我1.330.11<0.001
 我可以很容易地向父母表达我所有的真实情感0.800.08<0.001
 我觉得与父母交谈是一件让人感到轻松的事1.270.12<0.001
 爸爸或妈妈会关心我在学校中过得怎么样0.550.040.035
 我的家人知道这所学校里发生的事情1.260.12<0.001
学校社会环境
 学校里学习的科目都很有趣1.350.13<0.001
 我的老师对我的作业给予反馈,帮助我改进我的作业0.170.010.507
 当我们有寻求学习所需的课内外材料(书、教具等)时,这所学校都可以提供0.350.030.080
 学生们彼此友好相待0.320.030.159
 如果学生看到另一个学生被欺负,他们会试图阻止0.750.07<0.001
 学校鼓励学生多花时间一起合作学习0.170.010.485
社区社会环境
 这个社区的人热情周到0.910.08<0.001
 在社区,孩子们不论来自哪里,不论宗教、国籍、文化或残疾,都受到尊重0.670.050.011
 我所在的社区邻居之间有很强的凝聚力0.590.060.008
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家庭–学校–社区协同视域下儿童幸福感水平分析
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卢文奎 1 , 褚美洁 2 , 姜艳芳 1 , 曾宝仪 2 , 刘呈亮 2 , 华洋静玲 1 , 洪华荣 1, *, * , 江宜珍 2, *, *
中国公共卫生 | 流行病学研究 2025,41(2): 170-175
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中国公共卫生 |流行病学研究 2025 , 41 (2) : 170 -175
家庭–学校–社区协同视域下儿童幸福感水平分析
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卢文奎1, 褚美洁2, 姜艳芳1, 曾宝仪2, 刘呈亮2, 华洋静玲1, 洪华荣1, *, * , 江宜珍2, *, *
作者信息
  • 1厦门市疾病预防控制中心,厦门 361021
  • 2厦门大学公共卫生学院,厦门 361102
通讯作者:
洪华荣,E-mail:
江宜珍,E-mail:
作者简介:

卢文奎(1984—),主管医师,硕士,研究方向:学校卫生、学生食品安全及营养

Analysis of children′s well-being from the perspective of family–school–community collaboration
Wenkui LU1, Meijie CHU2, Yanfang JIANG1, Baoyi ZENG2, Chengliang LIU2, Yangjingling HUA1, Huarong HONG1 , Yizhen JIANG2
Affiliations
  • 1Xiamen City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xiamen 361021, China
  • 2School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    HONG Huarong, E-mail:
    JIANG Yizhen, E-mail:
出版时间: 2025-02-10 doi: 10.11847/zgggws1144798
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目的

了解家庭、学校和社区社会环境对儿童幸福感的影响,探讨影响儿童幸福感的关键指标,为儿童友好城市建设和友善社会环境营造提供建议和参考。

方法

于2023年10月—2024年1月,在福建省厦门市采用多阶段随机整群抽样方法,对小学4~6年级的3 289名小学生进行问卷调查,描述其幸福感水平,并采用t检验、方差分析进行单因素分析,采用多元线性回归模型分析家庭、学校和社区社会环境的友善程度对儿童幸福感的影响,采用LASSO回归筛选家庭–学校–社区的社会环境中对幸福感影响的关键指标,并进行回归系数估计和显著性检验。

结果

被调查3 289名儿童平均年龄为(10.38±0.96)岁,男生1 777(54.03%)人,女生1 512(45.97%)人,儿童幸福感平均得分为(64.29±9.21)分;在模型1(只纳入人口学特征)的基础上,纳入了家庭、学校和社区社会环境变量构建的模型8对儿童幸福感的解释力度增加了44.6%;相较于学校社会环境(β=0.12,B=0.16,P<0.001)和社区社会环境(β=0.59,B=0.22,P<0.001),家庭社会环境(β=0.66,B=0.39,P<0.001)对儿童幸福感的影响更大;家庭–学校–社区协同视域下筛选出影响儿童幸福感的5个家庭环境关键指标、6个学校关键指标和3个社区环境关键指标,在家庭维度的关键指标中,儿童自觉“与父母交谈是一件让人感到轻松的事”(B=0.12,P<0.001)和“我的家人知道这所学校里发生的事情”(B=0.12,P<0.001)对儿童的幸福感影响更大,在学校维度,“学校里学习的科目都很有趣”(B=0.13,P<0.001)对幸福感的影响最为显著,在社区维度,儿童认为“这个社区的人热情周到”对儿童幸福感的影响较大(B=0.08,P<0.001)。

结论

为促进儿童的幸福感,家庭、学校和社区需共同协作营造儿童友善的社会氛围,尤其需要增进轻松愉快的亲子沟通、父母参与儿童生活和学校课程学习的趣味性。

儿童  /  幸福感  /  社会环境  /  家庭–学校–社区
Objective

To understand the influence of family, school, and community social environments on children′s perceived well-being, to explore the key indicators that affect children′s well-being, and to provide suggestions and references for building child-friendly cities and creating friendly social environments.

Methods

Using stratified multistage cluster sampling and a self-developed questionnaire, we recruited 3 511 students in grades 4–6 from 12 primary schools in 6 districts of Xiamen city, Fujian province for on-site online surveys conducted from October 2023 to January 2024. Independent samples t-tests and analysis of variance were used for univariate analysis. Multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the influence of the friendliness of the family, school, and community social environments on children′s perceived well-being. Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression was used to screen key indicators of family-school-community social environments that influence perceived well-being, and regression coefficient estimation and significance tests were performed.

Results

For the 3 289 participants (54.03% boys and 45.97% girls, mean age 10.38±0.96 years) with valid responses, the mean perceived well-being score was 64.29±9.21. Based on Model 1 (which included only demographic variables), Model 8, which included family, school, and community social environment variables, increased the explanatory power of perceived child well-being by 44.6%. Compared to the school social environment (β=0.12, B=0.16, P<0.001) and the community social environment (β=0.59, B=0.22, P<0.001), the family social environment (β=0.66, B=0.39, P<0.001) had a greater impact on children′s perceived well-being. From the perspective of family-school-community synergy, five key indicators of the family environment, six key indicators of the school environment, and three key indicators of the community environment that affect children′s perceived well-being were selected. Among the key indicators in the family dimension, children′s feeling that “talking with parents is relaxing” (B=0.12, P<0.001) and “my family knows what is going on in this school” (B=0.12, P<0.001) had a greater impact on children′s perceived well-being. In the school dimension, “the subjects learned in school are all very interesting” (B=0.13, P<0.001) had the greatest impact on the perceived well-being. In the community dimension, children′s perception that “the people in this community are warm and caring” had a greater impact on children′s perceived well-being (B=0.08, P<0.001).

Conclusions

To promote children′s well-being, families, schools, and communities must work together to create a child-friendly social atmosphere, especially by promoting relaxed and happy parent-child communication, parental involvement in children′s lives, and the interest in school curricula.

children  /  well-being  /  social environment  /  family-school-community
卢文奎, 褚美洁, 姜艳芳, 曾宝仪, 刘呈亮, 华洋静玲, 洪华荣, 江宜珍. 家庭–学校–社区协同视域下儿童幸福感水平分析. 中国公共卫生, 2025 , 41 (2) : 170 -175 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1144798
Wenkui LU, Meijie CHU, Yanfang JIANG, Baoyi ZENG, Chengliang LIU, Yangjingling HUA, Huarong HONG, Yizhen JIANG. Analysis of children′s well-being from the perspective of family–school–community collaboration[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2025 , 41 (2) : 170 -175 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1144798
近年来我国高度重视民生建设,将人民幸福感作为国家发展的重要目标,幸福感是儿童健康成长的重要基础,关注儿童的幸福感是为社会和经济发展创造长期效益的重要途径。根据社会生态学模型,家庭、学校和社区社会环境对个体的心理、行为及发展有重要影响[1]。研究发现,家庭关系、教养方式、同伴影响、师生关系、学校氛围和邻里关系等友善社会环境因素对儿童幸福感和心理健康有积极作用[2–5]。考虑到社会环境的多维度性和复杂性,从中探索影响儿童幸福感的重要方面或具体指标,有助于提出更具针对性的改进措施。目前相关的实证研究还不够充分。本研究于2023年10月—2024年1月以福建省厦门市4~6年级3 289名小学生为研究对象,进行学生行为、心理和生活社会环境监测问卷调查,探讨家庭、学校和社区社会环境对儿童幸福感的影响,并识别出影响儿童幸福感的关键社会环境指标,从而为儿童的幸福成长提供更加具体和有针对性的支持和指导。
于2023年10月—2024年1月,在厦门市采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法,招募4~6年级小学生作为研究对象。第一阶段,从该城市的6个区中,每个区随机抽取2所小学;第二阶段,在被抽中学校的4~6年级中每个年级随机选取2个班级,被抽中的班级全部学生参与本次调查。纳入标准:4~6年级认知能力正常、家长同意参与本次调查并能准确理解问卷内容的学生。排出标准:临床诊断精神心理障碍的儿童。共调查3 511人,回收有效电子问卷3 289份,有效率为93.68%。本研究经厦门大学生物医学伦理委员会伦理审查批准(批件号:XDYX2021033),并得到调查对象及家长或监护人的知情同意。
采用本团队自行设计的“学生行为、心理和生活社会环境监测”调查问卷,基于儿童青少年视力及常见病、传染病监测预警系统进行电子问卷调查,视抽中的学校硬件资源配置,学生依托台式电脑或平板电脑填写问卷,问卷内容包括:(1)基本人口学信息:性别、年级、民族、居住地区和年龄等。(2)儿童的生活幸福感:儿童的生活幸福感采用“中国儿童主观幸福感”量表进行测评[4],该量表包含自我肯定、生活满意和家庭满意3个维度,共19个条目,每个条目采用1~4分的4级评分(1表示“非常不符合”~4表示“非常符合”)。该量表信效度良好,具有本土适用性[4]。总分为19~76分,得分越高,生活幸福感越高。本研究中此量表的Cronbachα系数为0.96。(3)儿童友善社会环境:依据以往关于友好家庭、友好学校和友好社区社会环境测评工具自行编制而成 [6]。该工具分为家庭、学校、社区3个维度,分别包含9个、21个、5个条目,每个条目采用1~5分的5级评分(1表示“非常不同意”~5表示“非常同意”)。家庭社会环境总分为9~45分,Cronbach α系数为0.90;学校社会环境总分为21~105分,Cronbachα系数为0.96;社区社会环境总分为5~25分,Cronbachα系数为0.93。儿童友善社会环境得分越高,社会环境越友善。问卷的收集工作由厦门市各区疾病预防控制中心学校卫生工作人员完成。在进行问卷调查前,对调查人员进行培训,使其了解研究目的、注意事项、问卷填写方法,统一调查标准和调查方法,并在线上和线下及时沟通和解决调查中遇到的问题;在调查前,调查员向学生统一说明问卷填答注意事项,并告知学生会对其填答材料保密,以确保学生认真如实填答;学生填写问卷后,由调查人员当场检查学生提交的问卷,避免有漏填或随意填写的情况。
采用SAS 9.40和R 4.2.1软件进行统计分析,检验水准α=0.05。对连续变量用$\bar x \pm s $表示,对分类变量用频数和构成比表示,并采用t检验或方差分析比较儿童幸福感在不同人口学特征上的差异。采用多元线性回归分析家庭、学校和社区社会环境与儿童幸福感之间的关系,通过决定系数R-square是否发生显著变化判定观察变量对因变量影响。LASSO(least absolute shrinkage and selection operator)线性回归可以通过在线性回归模型中添加L1正则化项,实现对特征变量的稀疏性,即将不重要变量的系数缩小至0,从而实现从众多预测变量中选择最相关变量的目的,通过对正则化参数λ的调整,来控制正则化的强度,即λ越大,正则化强度越大,导致更多变量的系数被压缩至0。本研究采用R语言中的glmnet软件包进行LASSO线性回归,将家庭、学校和社区社会环境中的具体指标纳入模型,以筛选影响儿童幸福感的家庭、学校和社区社会环境的关键指标,然后进行多元线性回归得出回归系数估计以及回归系数的显著性结果,以 P<0.01为差异有统计学意义。
调查儿童年龄为9~13岁,平均年龄(10.38±0.96)岁。其中男生1 777人,占54.03%,女生1 512人,占45.97%,4、5和6年级的儿童占比分别为33.11%、32.78%和34.11%,97.08%的儿童为汉族,居住地区分布均衡。儿童幸福感平均得分为(64.29±9.21)分。不同性别、年级和民族的儿童幸福感得分差异均无统计学意义;居住在不同地区的儿童幸福感得分差异有统计学意义(F=5.58,P<0.001)。
儿童自评的家庭社会环境水平、社区社会环境水平在不同性别、年级、民族之间的差异均无统计学意义,儿童自评的学校社会环境水平在不同年级、民族之间的差异也无统计学意义,但男生自评的学校社会环境水平为(93.11±12.62)分,女生自评的学校社会环境水平为(93.96±11.41)分,女生评分高于男生(t= –2.03,P=0.042),儿童自评的家庭、学校、社区的社会环境得分在不同居住地区之间差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。
回归分析结果显示,模型1(性别、年级、民族、居住地区和年龄等人口学变量)仅能够解释儿童幸福感差异的0.7%。在模型1基础上,分别加入家庭、学校和社区社会环境,构建模型2、模型3和模型4,发现对儿童幸福感影响因素的解释力度相对于模型1分别增加了37.0%、33.7%和29.4%。在模型1的基础上,加入家庭、学校和社区社会环境中的两种自变量,构建模型5、模型6和模型7,结果发现相较于模型1,模型5、模型6和模型7对儿童幸福感的解释力度分别增加了42.4%、43.8%和36.4%。最后在模型1的基础上,纳入了家庭、学校和社区社会环境变量构建模型8,结果发现模型8对儿童幸福感的解释力度相较于模型1增加了44.6%,且模型8的校正决定系数(校正 R2)相较于其他模型更佳,表明家庭–学校–社区协同创造良好的友善社会环境更加有利于儿童幸福感,具体来讲,家庭、学校和社区社会环境的友善程度每增加1分,儿童幸福感水平分别增加0.66、0.12和0.59分,相较于学校社会环境(B=0.16, P<0.001)和社区社会环境(B=0.22, P<0.001),家庭社会环境(B=0.39, P<0.001)对儿童幸福感的影响更大。
为了解家庭–学校–社区协同视域下影响儿童幸福感的关键具体社会环境指标,本研究采用LASSO线性回归筛选家庭、学校和社区社会环境的关键指标,通过交叉验证法,可以选择模型均方误差最小时对应的λ值,也可以选择距离最小均方误差一个标准误位置对应的λ值,考虑到模型的简洁性,本研究最佳正则化参数λ为0.07,即距离模型最小均方误差一个标准误的位置,Lasso线性回归结果发现,家庭社会环境筛选出了5个关键指标,学校社会环境筛选出6个关键指标,社区社会环境筛选出了3个关键指标,其他预测变量的系数被压缩为0。多元线性回归结果表明,在家庭社会环境中,5个关键指标均通过显著性检验,而且相对于其他关键指标,儿童自觉与父母交谈是一件让人感到轻松的事(B=0.12,P<0.001)及“我的家人知道这所学校里发生的事情”(B=0.12,P<0.001)、“当我遇到困难或事情没做好时,家人会鼓励我”(B=0.11,P<0.001)对儿童幸福感影响更大;在学校社会环境中,儿童认为“学校里学习的科目都很有趣”(B=0.13,P<0.001)和“如果学生看到另一个学生被欺负,他们会试图阻止”(B=0.07,P<0.001)通过了显著性检验。在社区社会环境的3个关键指标中,儿童认为“这个社区的人热情周到”对儿童幸福感的影响较大(B=0.08,P<0.001)。
儿童幸福感研究不仅有助于儿童综合素质全面发展目标的实现,也是满足人们美好生活需要的重要助推力。既往研究强调形成家庭、学校和社区协作的城市支持体系来促进儿童心理健康,推进我国儿童友好城市的建设[7]。本研究则重点分析了家庭–学校–社区友善社会环境对儿童幸福感的影响。本研究发现在不同性别、年级和民族的儿童中,幸福感差异并无统计学意义,而既往研究发现幸福感存在性别、年龄上的差异,不存在民族上的差异[8]。这种不一致可能与研究人群、研究地区、幸福感测量方式的不同有关。本研究也发现居住在不同地区的儿童幸福感存在差异,这在以往研究中也被观察到[9]。这种地域差异可能源于社会文化、经济发展水平等因素,也有可能与当地对儿童心理健康的重视程度有关。
影响儿童幸福感的因素主要是家庭–学校–社区的社会环境,既往研究也发现家庭环境、学校氛围等因素是小学生快乐的来源[10],家庭、学校和邻里环境影响儿童的幸福感[11–12]。Bronfenbrenner发展心理学的生态系统观点可以解释社会环境对个体幸福感的影响 [1],个体嵌套于一系列的环境系统中,系统与个体相互作用并影响个体的发展,微观系统作为儿童接触最密切的环境,影响着儿童的幸福体验 [13]。但过去很少有实证研究比较家庭、学校和社区维度的社会环境对儿童幸福感影响程度的差异,本研究发现家庭社会环境可以解释更多的儿童幸福感变异程度,其次是学校社会环境,最后是社区社会环境,这与本研究的预期结果相符,可能由于家庭环境是儿童生活的主要微环境[14],与儿童成长和发展有重要联系[13]。本研究进一步发现家庭–学校–社区友善社会环境的共同营造更能预测儿童幸福感的变异,帅世春等[15]也倡导“家校社”协同来促进小学生的心理健康。这是由于家庭、学校和社区共同构成儿童的外部社会生态系统,三者相互衔接、协同发展,欲改善儿童的幸福感,需“家校社”协同配合,相互促进。
Lasso线性回归适用于预测变量较多的高维数据集,通过将一些系数缩减为零,选择出重要的预测变量,有助于减少过拟合并提高模型的可解释性,本研究即采用Lasso线性回归从家庭、学校和社区社会环境的较多指标中,筛选出了对儿童幸福感影响更为关键的指标,并执行了多元线性回归模型以及回归系数的显著性检验,该两步骤方法也在既往研究分析国民幸福感的影响因素研究中得到应用[16]。具体来看,在家庭社会环境中,“与父母交谈是一件让人感到轻松的事” “我的家人知道这所学校里发生的事情” “当我遇到困难或事情没做好时,家人会鼓励我”,其他研究也揭示了亲子沟通、父母参与儿童生活与家庭支持对儿童幸福感的积极影响[4, 17–18]。这可能由于家庭亲子关系是儿童社会关系的重要组成部分,高质量的亲子关系对儿童的健康心理和压力应对具有重要作用[15],促进了儿童对幸福感的感知。在学校社会环境方面,对儿童幸福感影响更大的指标是“学校里学习的科目都很有趣”,吴贤华等[10]也发现儿童在学校维度的快乐来源包括“课堂生动有趣”,这可能是因为4~6年级的小学生把较多精力放到学习上,有趣的课程能提高儿童的学习兴趣和投入程度,从而提高他们对学生这个角色的满意程度。此外,“如果学生看到另一个学生被欺负,他们会试图阻止”也是学校维度上影响儿童幸福感的关键指标,既往研究也得出相似结论[19]。分析其中的原因,一方面可能由于旁观者助人行为有助于让学生感受到友善学校氛围,从而对其学校满意度和幸福感产生影响;另一方面,遭遇欺凌会严重影响儿童幸福感[20],而欺凌事件的旁观者助人行为会减少欺凌行为的发生[21],这对构建积极的学校社会环境具有重要意义。在社区社会环境的关键指标中,显著指标按影响系数排名为“这个社区的人热情周到”,“在社区,孩子们不论来自哪里,不论宗教、国籍、文化或残疾,都受到尊重”和“我所在的社区邻居之间有很强的凝聚力”。既往研究也发现了良好的邻里关系、社区包容和凝聚力与居民幸福感有关[22–24]。若社区的人热情包容,儿童更乐于参与社会活动与人际交往,这有助于儿童发展社区人际网络,从而感受到更强烈的幸福感。包容性的社区强调尊重并接纳不同个体、群体和社区的差异,有助于增强心理资本[25–26],进而对幸福感产生影响。社区凝聚力作为社区质量的重要指标,主要反映了一个社区的信任水平和团结程度,会对儿童的幸福感产生积极影响。
本研究也存在一定局限性:研究为横断面调查,社会环境与儿童幸福感之间的关系无法判定因果关系,未来需开展队列研究进一步探讨两者之间的因果关系。研究采用自填式电子问卷调查,信息均由儿童本人自我报告,可能存在回忆偏倚,未来需结合他评或客观资料进一步验证本研究的结论。

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doi: 10.11847/zgggws1144798
  • 接收时间:2024-04-24
  • 首发时间:2026-10-25
  • 出版时间:2025-02-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-24
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    1厦门市疾病预防控制中心,厦门 361021
    2厦门大学公共卫生学院,厦门 361102

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
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