Article(id=1321170574152413504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1321170520196895605, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11847/zgggws1145342, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1719763200000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-01, revisedDate=1727625600000, revisedDateStr=2024-09-30, acceptedDate=1731254400000, acceptedDateStr=2024-11-11, onlineDate=1792921211040, onlineDateStr=2026-10-25, pubDate=1741536000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792921211040, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792921211040, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792921211040, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1321170520196895605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, year='2025', volume='41', issue='3', pageStart='257', pageEnd='384', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1741536000000', pubDateStr='2025-03-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792921198175, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792921198175, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=270, endPage=278, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1321170574362128705, articleId=1321170574152413504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=EN, title=Age-period-cohort analysis of meningitis incidence and mortality trends among Chinese residents from 1990 to 2021, columnId=1321170564291604713, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Public Health, columnName=Special Report–Research on Disease Burden, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To understand the trends in meningitis incidence and mortality among Chinese residents from 1990 to 2021, and to provide a reference for the development of relevant prevention and control policies and measures for meningitis in China.

Methods

Data on meningitis incidence and mortality among Chinese residents from 1990 to 2021 were collected from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021) database. Descriptive analyses were conducted using indicators such as the number of cases, incidence rate, age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), number of deaths, mortality rate, and age-standardized mortality rate (ASDR). Joinpoint regression models were used to analyze the trends in incidence and mortality rates of meningitis among Chinese residents and to calculate the average annual percentage change (AAPC). Age-period-cohort (APC) models were used to fit and estimate the age, period, and cohort effects on the risk of meningitis incidence and mortality among Chinese residents.

Results

The incidence rate of meningitis among the total population, male residents, and female residents in China decreased from 28.34/100 000, 31.66/100 000, and 24.81/100 000 in 1990 to 4.82/100 000, 5.84/100 000, and 3.75/100 000 in 2021,respectively. The ASIR decreased from 30.83/100 000, 34.48/100 000, and 27.20/100 000 in 1990 to 5.79/100 000, 7.16/100 000, and 4.42/100 000 in 2021, respectively. The AAPC values for ASIR were –5.30%, –4.96%, and –5.71% (all P<0.001), respectively. The mortality rate of meningitis among the total population, male residents, and female residents in China decreased from 3.17/100 000, 3.60/100 000, and 2.71/100 000 in 1990 to 0.43/100 000, 0.50/100 000, and 0.36/100 000 in 2021, respectively. The ASDR decreased from 3.54/100 000, 4.02/100 000, and 3.06/100 000 in 1990 to 0.48/100 000, 0.58/100 000, and 0.38/100 000 in 2021, respectively. The AAPC values for ASDR were –6.31%, –6.11%, and –6.56% (all P<0.001), respectively. The APC model analysis showed that the age effects of both meningitis incidence and mortality initially decreased and then increased with age. The age effect coefficients for meningitis incidence among the total population, male residents, and female residents in China decreased from 1.945, 1.857, and 2.065 for ages 0–4 to –1.194, –1.112, and –1.381 for ages 45–49, and then increased to 1.874, 2.087, and 1.905 for ages 90–94, respectively. The age effect coefficients for meningitis mortality among the total population and male residents decreased from 2.425 and 2.386 for ages 0–4 to –1.279 and –1.381 for ages 25–29, and then increased to 2.116 and 2.371 for ages 90–94, respectively. The age effect coefficients for meningitis mortality among female residents decreased from 2.466 for ages 0–4 to –1.329 for ages 30–34, and then increased to 2.086 for ages 90–94. Both the period effects of meningitis incidence and mortality showed a decreasing trend. The period effect coefficients for meningitis incidence and mortality among the total population, male residents, and female residents in China decreased from 0.583 and 0.671, 0.555 and 0.652, and 0.612 and 0.686 for the period 1992–1996 to –0.362 and –0.368, –0.291 and –0.339, and –0.463 and –0.404 for the period 2017–2021, respectively. Both the cohort effects of meningitis incidence and mortality showed a fluctuating downward trend. The cohort effect coefficients for meningitis incidence and mortality among the total population, male residents, and female residents in China decreased from 0.094 and 0.150, 0.207 and 0.214, and –0.025 and 0.115 for the cohort 1902–1906 to –1.037 and –1.461, –1.097 and –1.537, and –1.002 and –1.401 for the cohort 2017–2021, respectively.

Conclusion

The incidence and mortality rates of meningitis among Chinese residents showed an overall downward trend from 1990 to 2021. However, it is still necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of meningitis among residents in younger and older age groups.

, authors=Lu JIANG1, Zhidong ZHANG1, Jianjun WU1, Lu LIU1, Longjian SHANG1, Xingmin WEI1, 2, authorsList=Lu JIANG, Zhidong ZHANG, Jianjun WU, Lu LIU, Longjian SHANG, Xingmin WEI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jianjun WU, Xingmin WEI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
WU Jianjun, E-mail:
WEI Xingmin, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2025 Chinese Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1321170576870322504, articleId=1321170574152413504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=CN, title=1990—2021年中国居民脑膜炎发病和死亡趋势年龄–时期–队列分析, columnId=1321170564589400299, journalTitle=中国公共卫生, columnName=专题报道——疾病负担研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

了解1990—2021年中国居民脑膜炎发病和死亡趋势,为我国制定脑膜炎的相关防治政策和措施提供参考依据。

方法

收集2021年全球疾病负担研究(GBD 2021)数据库中 1990—2021年中国居民脑膜炎发病和死亡相关数据,采用发病数、发病率、年龄标化发病率(ASIR)、死亡数、死亡率和年龄标化死亡率(ASDR)等指标进行描述性分析,采用Joinpoint回归模型分析中国居民脑膜炎发病率和死亡率的变化趋势并计算平均年度变化百分比(AAPC),应用年龄–时期–队列(APC)模型拟合并估计中国居民脑膜炎发病及死亡风险中的年龄效应、时期效应和出生队列效应。

结果

中国总体居民、男性居民和女性居民脑膜炎发病率分别从1990年的28.34/10万、31.66/10万和24.81/10万下降至2021年的4.82/10万、5.84/10万和3.75/10万,ASIR分别从1990年的30.83/10万、34.48/10万和27.20/10万下降至2021年的5.79/10万、7.16/10万和4.42/10万,ASIR的AAPC值分别为–5.30%、–4.96%和–5.71%(均P<0.001);中国总体居民、男性居民和女性居民脑膜炎死亡率分别从1990年的3.17/10万、3.60/10万和2.71/10万下降至2021年的0.43/10万、0.50/10万和0.36/10万,ASDR分别从1990年的3.54/10万、4.02/10万和3.06/10万下降至2021年的0.48/10万、0.58/10万和0.38/10万,ASDR的AAPC值分别为–6.31%、–6.11%和–6.56%(均P<0.001)。APC模型分析结果显示,脑膜炎发病率和死亡率的年龄效应均随着年龄增长呈先下降而后上升趋势,中国总体居民、男性居民和女性居民脑膜炎发病率的年龄效应系数分别从0~4岁的1.945、1.857和2.065下降至45~49岁的–1.194、–1.112和–1.381,而后上升至90~94岁的1.874、2.087和1.905,总体居民和男性居民脑膜炎死亡率的年龄效应系数分别从0~4岁的2.425和2.386下降至25~29岁的–1.279和–1.381,而后上升至90~94岁的2.116和2.371,女性居民脑膜炎死亡率的年龄效应系数从0~4岁的2.466下降至30~34岁的–1.329,而后上升至90~94岁的2.086;脑膜炎发病率和死亡率的时期效应均呈下降趋势,中国总体居民、男性居民、女性居民脑膜炎发病率和死亡率的时期效应系数分别从1992—1996年的0.583和0.671、0.555和0.652、0.612和0.686下降至2017—2021年的–0.362和–0.368、–0.291和–0.339、–0.463和–0.404;脑膜炎发病率和死亡率的队列效应均随出生队列的延伸呈波动下降趋势,中国总体居民、男性居民、女性居民脑膜炎发病率和死亡率的出生队列效应系数分别从1902—1906年的0.094和0.150、0.207和0.214、–0.025和0.115下降至2017—2021年的–1.037和–1.461、–1.097和–1.537、–1.002和–1.401。

结论

1990—2021年中国居民脑膜炎发病率和死亡率总体均呈下降趋势,但仍应加强对低年龄组和高年龄组居民脑膜炎的防控工作。

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蒋露(2002—),硕士在读,研究方向:流行病与卫生统计

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吴建军,E-mail:
魏兴民,E-mail:
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蒋露(2002—),硕士在读,研究方向:流行病与卫生统计

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蒋露(2002—),硕士在读,研究方向:流行病与卫生统计

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Incidence of meningitis in Chinese residents from 1990 to 2021

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份总体男性女性
发病例数发病率/(1/10万)ASIR/(1/10万)发病例数发病率/(1/10万)ASIR/(1/10万)发病例数发病率/(1/10万)ASIR/(1/10万)
1990333 405.5028.3430.83192 102.5231.6634.48141 302.9724.8127.20
1991328 068.3527.5030.39189 087.9030.7033.96138 980.4524.0926.82
1992315 970.6026.1929.58181 957.8729.2032.99134 012.7222.9926.17
1993302 298.3824.8328.71174 644.7927.7632.12127 653.5921.7125.30
1994287 435.6923.4427.74166 235.5326.2231.06121 200.1620.4624.41
1995268 900.3221.8026.33156 449.6824.5329.69112 450.6418.8722.96
1996250 752.4220.2224.95146 237.9422.8228.22104 514.4817.4521.65
1997231 942.1418.6323.43135 363.2721.0526.5696 578.8716.0420.27
1998214 196.8317.1421.92125 037.6519.3924.9289 159.1814.7418.89
1999199 258.3215.8920.62115 804.9117.9123.3783 453.4013.7417.86
2000177 527.3314.1018.35101 483.0915.6520.4276 044.2412.4616.27
2001162 953.5912.8816.8692 838.6114.2618.6870 114.9811.4215.01
2002150 946.1611.8715.6485 632.9813.1017.2365 313.1810.5814.02
2003140 980.9011.0314.6980 077.0812.1916.2460 903.829.8013.15
2004131 643.9510.2413.7974 924.4911.3615.2656 719.469.0712.32
2005122 867.359.5012.8870 247.8510.5914.3452 619.508.3611.45
2006112 729.148.6611.7765 164.449.7713.2147 564.707.5010.33
2007102 086.817.7910.5760 095.668.9512.0941 991.156.579.06
200893 082.807.059.5455 958.468.2811.1537 124.345.767.95
200986 134.256.488.7452 710.807.7610.4233 423.455.157.09
201081 818.646.128.2450 452.607.389.9231 366.044.806.59
201178 736.575.867.8748 575.317.089.4930 161.264.596.27
201276 614.365.677.5047 419.146.879.0929 195.224.425.95
201375 548.125.567.2146 729.376.738.7528 818.744.335.70
201474 392.295.446.9245 898.206.578.4028 494.094.265.47
201573 897.345.376.6745 643.056.498.1328 254.294.195.25
201674 131.735.346.4945 776.676.467.9328 355.064.185.07
201773 287.645.246.2745 225.456.337.6828 062.184.104.88
201871 929.075.116.0844 420.826.177.4627 508.264.004.70
201970 536.634.995.9243 636.606.037.2926 900.033.894.56
202070 068.074.945.9343 449.505.987.3326 618.583.844.53
202168 618.894.825.7942 536.655.847.1626 082.243.754.42
), ArticleFig(id=1321170892516868603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170574152413504, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

1990—2021年中国居民脑膜炎发病情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份总体男性女性
发病例数发病率/(1/10万)ASIR/(1/10万)发病例数发病率/(1/10万)ASIR/(1/10万)发病例数发病率/(1/10万)ASIR/(1/10万)
1990333 405.5028.3430.83192 102.5231.6634.48141 302.9724.8127.20
1991328 068.3527.5030.39189 087.9030.7033.96138 980.4524.0926.82
1992315 970.6026.1929.58181 957.8729.2032.99134 012.7222.9926.17
1993302 298.3824.8328.71174 644.7927.7632.12127 653.5921.7125.30
1994287 435.6923.4427.74166 235.5326.2231.06121 200.1620.4624.41
1995268 900.3221.8026.33156 449.6824.5329.69112 450.6418.8722.96
1996250 752.4220.2224.95146 237.9422.8228.22104 514.4817.4521.65
1997231 942.1418.6323.43135 363.2721.0526.5696 578.8716.0420.27
1998214 196.8317.1421.92125 037.6519.3924.9289 159.1814.7418.89
1999199 258.3215.8920.62115 804.9117.9123.3783 453.4013.7417.86
2000177 527.3314.1018.35101 483.0915.6520.4276 044.2412.4616.27
2001162 953.5912.8816.8692 838.6114.2618.6870 114.9811.4215.01
2002150 946.1611.8715.6485 632.9813.1017.2365 313.1810.5814.02
2003140 980.9011.0314.6980 077.0812.1916.2460 903.829.8013.15
2004131 643.9510.2413.7974 924.4911.3615.2656 719.469.0712.32
2005122 867.359.5012.8870 247.8510.5914.3452 619.508.3611.45
2006112 729.148.6611.7765 164.449.7713.2147 564.707.5010.33
2007102 086.817.7910.5760 095.668.9512.0941 991.156.579.06
200893 082.807.059.5455 958.468.2811.1537 124.345.767.95
200986 134.256.488.7452 710.807.7610.4233 423.455.157.09
201081 818.646.128.2450 452.607.389.9231 366.044.806.59
201178 736.575.867.8748 575.317.089.4930 161.264.596.27
201276 614.365.677.5047 419.146.879.0929 195.224.425.95
201375 548.125.567.2146 729.376.738.7528 818.744.335.70
201474 392.295.446.9245 898.206.578.4028 494.094.265.47
201573 897.345.376.6745 643.056.498.1328 254.294.195.25
201674 131.735.346.4945 776.676.467.9328 355.064.185.07
201773 287.645.246.2745 225.456.337.6828 062.184.104.88
201871 929.075.116.0844 420.826.177.4627 508.264.004.70
201970 536.634.995.9243 636.606.037.2926 900.033.894.56
202070 068.074.945.9343 449.505.987.3326 618.583.844.53
202168 618.894.825.7942 536.655.847.1626 082.243.754.42
), ArticleFig(id=1321170892823052796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170574152413504, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Meningitis mortality in Chinese residents from 1990 to 2021

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份总体男性女性
死亡例数死亡率/(1/10万)ASDR/(1/10万)死亡例数死亡率/(1/10万)ASDR/(1/10万)死亡例数死亡率/(1/10万)ASDR/(1/10万)
199037 282.713.173.5421 855.163.604.0215 427.552.713.06
199137 078.843.113.5221 766.673.534.0015 312.172.653.05
199235 716.932.963.4420 915.803.363.8914 801.132.542.99
199334 191.512.813.3520 130.273.203.8114 061.242.392.89
199432 400.052.643.2419 085.683.013.6913 314.372.252.80
199529 837.152.423.0517 804.472.793.5112 032.682.022.58
199627 344.942.212.8516 458.642.573.3110 886.301.822.39
199724 637.871.982.6314 937.322.323.079 700.541.612.18
199822 192.681.782.4113 530.122.102.848 662.571.431.97
199920 227.381.612.2312 305.291.902.627 922.091.301.83
200016 299.351.291.819 680.331.492.086 619.021.081.54
200113 832.281.091.548 226.551.261.785 605.720.911.30
200212 033.370.951.347 081.381.081.534 951.980.801.14
200310 913.360.851.206 457.470.981.404 455.890.721.01
200410 077.430.781.115 937.130.901.284 140.300.660.94
20059 378.750.731.025 534.100.831.183 844.650.610.87
20068 727.930.670.945 168.090.771.093 559.850.560.79
20078 421.270.640.884 999.970.751.033 421.300.540.75
20088 496.350.640.885 033.370.751.023 462.980.540.74
20098 539.830.640.875 044.950.741.013 494.880.540.74
20108 389.290.630.844 949.090.720.983 440.200.530.71
20118 073.160.600.804 756.470.690.933 316.690.500.68
20127 827.910.580.754 652.940.670.893 174.980.480.63
20137 740.590.570.724 615.100.670.853 125.500.470.60
20147 612.680.560.684 545.410.650.813 067.270.460.56
20157 511.940.550.644 501.640.640.773 010.300.450.53
20167 513.320.540.6284 494.170.630.743 019.150.440.50
20177 324.440.520.584 358.760.610.702 965.680.430.48
20187 045.340.500.554 177.110.580.662 868.230.420.45
20196 734.730.480.523 988.220.550.632 746.510.400.42
20206 442.960.450.503 824.590.530.612 618.380.380.40
20216 176.460.430.483 660.230.500.582 516.230.360.38
), ArticleFig(id=1321170894341390845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170574152413504, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

1990—2021年中国居民脑膜炎死亡情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份总体男性女性
死亡例数死亡率/(1/10万)ASDR/(1/10万)死亡例数死亡率/(1/10万)ASDR/(1/10万)死亡例数死亡率/(1/10万)ASDR/(1/10万)
199037 282.713.173.5421 855.163.604.0215 427.552.713.06
199137 078.843.113.5221 766.673.534.0015 312.172.653.05
199235 716.932.963.4420 915.803.363.8914 801.132.542.99
199334 191.512.813.3520 130.273.203.8114 061.242.392.89
199432 400.052.643.2419 085.683.013.6913 314.372.252.80
199529 837.152.423.0517 804.472.793.5112 032.682.022.58
199627 344.942.212.8516 458.642.573.3110 886.301.822.39
199724 637.871.982.6314 937.322.323.079 700.541.612.18
199822 192.681.782.4113 530.122.102.848 662.571.431.97
199920 227.381.612.2312 305.291.902.627 922.091.301.83
200016 299.351.291.819 680.331.492.086 619.021.081.54
200113 832.281.091.548 226.551.261.785 605.720.911.30
200212 033.370.951.347 081.381.081.534 951.980.801.14
200310 913.360.851.206 457.470.981.404 455.890.721.01
200410 077.430.781.115 937.130.901.284 140.300.660.94
20059 378.750.731.025 534.100.831.183 844.650.610.87
20068 727.930.670.945 168.090.771.093 559.850.560.79
20078 421.270.640.884 999.970.751.033 421.300.540.75
20088 496.350.640.885 033.370.751.023 462.980.540.74
20098 539.830.640.875 044.950.741.013 494.880.540.74
20108 389.290.630.844 949.090.720.983 440.200.530.71
20118 073.160.600.804 756.470.690.933 316.690.500.68
20127 827.910.580.754 652.940.670.893 174.980.480.63
20137 740.590.570.724 615.100.670.853 125.500.470.60
20147 612.680.560.684 545.410.650.813 067.270.460.56
20157 511.940.550.644 501.640.640.773 010.300.450.53
20167 513.320.540.6284 494.170.630.743 019.150.440.50
20177 324.440.520.584 358.760.610.702 965.680.430.48
20187 045.340.500.554 177.110.580.662 868.230.420.45
20196 734.730.480.523 988.220.550.632 746.510.400.42
20206 442.960.450.503 824.590.530.612 618.380.380.40
20216 176.460.430.483 660.230.500.582 516.230.360.38
), ArticleFig(id=1321170894450442750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170574152413504, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

APC model analysis of meningitis incidence among Chinese residents from 1990 to 2021

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类总体男性女性
效应系数95%CI效应系数95%CI效应系数95%CI
年龄效应/岁 0~41.9451.929~1.9611.8571.827~1.8872.0652.044~2.086
5~90.6490.634~0.6640.5520.525~0.5790.7740.754~0.793
10~140.1080.094~0.1220.021–0.004~0.0460.2100.191~0.229
15~19–0.297–0.310~–0.283–0.369–0.392~–0.346–0.220–0.239~–0.201
20~24–0.666–0.680~–0.653–0.714–0.735~–0.692–0.626–0.646~–0.607
25~29–0.828–0.841~–0.814–0.863–0.883~–0.842–0.814–0.834~–0.794
30~34–0.957–0.971~–0.943–0.966–0.986~–0.946–0.991–1.012~–0.969
35~39–1.098–1.113~–1.083–1.067–1.087~–1.047–1.198–1.222~–1.175
40~44–1.178–1.194~–1.163–1.111–1.131~–1.090–1.340–1.365~–1.315
45~49–1.194–1.210~–1.177–1.112–1.133~–1.091–1.381–1.408~–1.355
50~54–1.129–1.146~–1.113–1.061–1.083~–1.039–1.298–1.325~–1.271
55~59–0.954–0.971~–0.937–0.913–0.935~–0.890–1.082–1.109~–1.055
60~64–0.692–0.708~–0.675–0.658–0.681~–0.635–0.807–0.833~–0.781
65~69–0.400–0.417~–0.384–0.428–0.452~–0.404–0.416–0.440~–0.391
70~74–0.050–0.067~–0.033–0.051–0.076~–0.026–0.093–0.118~–0.069
75~790.3210.304~0.3390.2430.215~0.2700.4010.377~0.425
80~840.8270.808~0.8460.7300.699~0.7610.9540.929~0.979
85~891.3751.354~1.3971.4801.444~1.5161.3711.341~1.401
90~941.8741.845~1.9042.0872.040~2.1351.9051.866~1.944
时期效应/年份1992—19960.5830.577~0.5900.5550.544~0.5650.6120.603~0.622
1997—20010.3430.337~0.3480.2960.288~0.3040.4050.396~0.413
2002—20060.0680.063~0.0740.006–0.001~0.0140.1600.151~0.169
2007—2011–0.263–0.270~–0.257–0.249–0.258~–0.240–0.276–0.286~–0.265
2012—2016–0.369–0.376~–0.361–0.317–0.327~–0.307–0.438–0.427~–0.426
2017—2021–0.362–0.371~–0.354–0.291–0.303~–0.279–0.463–0.476~–0.450
出生队列效应/年份1902—19060.0940.019~0.1690.2070.085~0.330–0.025–0.121~0.071
1907—19110.1790.135~0.2230.2590.186~0.3330.1110.054~0.167
1912—19160.2270.194~0.2610.3190.260~0.3780.1550.113~0.198
1917—19210.2440.216~0.2730.3280.277~0.3800.1790.143~0.216
1922—19260.2060.180~0.2310.2810.235~0.3270.1430.110~0.176
1927—19310.1960.172~0.2200.2410.199~0.2840.1640.133~0.196
1932—19360.1870.165~0.2100.1990.159~0.2380.1940.164~0.224
1937—19410.1980.176~0.2200.1880.151~0.2250.2330.203~0.262
1942—19460.1820.160~0.2040.1500.115~0.1860.2460.216~0.277
1947—19510.1340.113~0.1550.0760.044~0.1090.2400.210~0.271
1952—19560.0950.076~0.1150.024–0.007~0.0540.2270.198~0.256
1957—19610.0780.059~0.096–0.001–0.030~0.0270.2140.185~0.242
1962—19660.0330.015~0.050–0.051–0.076~–0.0250.1690.142~0.195
1967—19710.0410.026~0.056–0.031–0.053~–0.0090.1490.126~0.172
1972—19760.0430.029~0.057–0.013–0.032~0.0060.1170.095~0.138
1977—19810.0200.008~0.033–0.008–0.026~0.0090.0520.032~0.072
1982—1986–0.023–0.034~–0.012–0.033–0.048~–0.019–0.022–0.039~–0.006
1987—1991–0.024–0.032~–0.015–0.026–0.037~–0.015–0.041–0.055~–0.028
1992—19960.1170.110~0.1240.1270.118~0.1360.0680.058~0.079
1997—20010.037–0.009~0.0090.0400.028~0.053–0.104–0.118~–0.090
2002—2006–0.197–0.208~–0.186–0.155–0.171~–0.139–0.314–0.331~–0.296
2007—2011–0.376–0.389~–0.362–0.378–0.397~–0.358–0.431–0.452~–0.411
2012—2016–0.627–0.643~–0.362–0.661–0.685~–0.637–0.631–0.655~–0.607
2017—2021–1.037–1.058~–1.016–1.097–1.127~–1.066–1.002–1.035~–0.970
), ArticleFig(id=1321170894551106047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170574152413504, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

1990—2021年中国居民脑膜炎发病率的APC模型分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类总体男性女性
效应系数95%CI效应系数95%CI效应系数95%CI
年龄效应/岁 0~41.9451.929~1.9611.8571.827~1.8872.0652.044~2.086
5~90.6490.634~0.6640.5520.525~0.5790.7740.754~0.793
10~140.1080.094~0.1220.021–0.004~0.0460.2100.191~0.229
15~19–0.297–0.310~–0.283–0.369–0.392~–0.346–0.220–0.239~–0.201
20~24–0.666–0.680~–0.653–0.714–0.735~–0.692–0.626–0.646~–0.607
25~29–0.828–0.841~–0.814–0.863–0.883~–0.842–0.814–0.834~–0.794
30~34–0.957–0.971~–0.943–0.966–0.986~–0.946–0.991–1.012~–0.969
35~39–1.098–1.113~–1.083–1.067–1.087~–1.047–1.198–1.222~–1.175
40~44–1.178–1.194~–1.163–1.111–1.131~–1.090–1.340–1.365~–1.315
45~49–1.194–1.210~–1.177–1.112–1.133~–1.091–1.381–1.408~–1.355
50~54–1.129–1.146~–1.113–1.061–1.083~–1.039–1.298–1.325~–1.271
55~59–0.954–0.971~–0.937–0.913–0.935~–0.890–1.082–1.109~–1.055
60~64–0.692–0.708~–0.675–0.658–0.681~–0.635–0.807–0.833~–0.781
65~69–0.400–0.417~–0.384–0.428–0.452~–0.404–0.416–0.440~–0.391
70~74–0.050–0.067~–0.033–0.051–0.076~–0.026–0.093–0.118~–0.069
75~790.3210.304~0.3390.2430.215~0.2700.4010.377~0.425
80~840.8270.808~0.8460.7300.699~0.7610.9540.929~0.979
85~891.3751.354~1.3971.4801.444~1.5161.3711.341~1.401
90~941.8741.845~1.9042.0872.040~2.1351.9051.866~1.944
时期效应/年份1992—19960.5830.577~0.5900.5550.544~0.5650.6120.603~0.622
1997—20010.3430.337~0.3480.2960.288~0.3040.4050.396~0.413
2002—20060.0680.063~0.0740.006–0.001~0.0140.1600.151~0.169
2007—2011–0.263–0.270~–0.257–0.249–0.258~–0.240–0.276–0.286~–0.265
2012—2016–0.369–0.376~–0.361–0.317–0.327~–0.307–0.438–0.427~–0.426
2017—2021–0.362–0.371~–0.354–0.291–0.303~–0.279–0.463–0.476~–0.450
出生队列效应/年份1902—19060.0940.019~0.1690.2070.085~0.330–0.025–0.121~0.071
1907—19110.1790.135~0.2230.2590.186~0.3330.1110.054~0.167
1912—19160.2270.194~0.2610.3190.260~0.3780.1550.113~0.198
1917—19210.2440.216~0.2730.3280.277~0.3800.1790.143~0.216
1922—19260.2060.180~0.2310.2810.235~0.3270.1430.110~0.176
1927—19310.1960.172~0.2200.2410.199~0.2840.1640.133~0.196
1932—19360.1870.165~0.2100.1990.159~0.2380.1940.164~0.224
1937—19410.1980.176~0.2200.1880.151~0.2250.2330.203~0.262
1942—19460.1820.160~0.2040.1500.115~0.1860.2460.216~0.277
1947—19510.1340.113~0.1550.0760.044~0.1090.2400.210~0.271
1952—19560.0950.076~0.1150.024–0.007~0.0540.2270.198~0.256
1957—19610.0780.059~0.096–0.001–0.030~0.0270.2140.185~0.242
1962—19660.0330.015~0.050–0.051–0.076~–0.0250.1690.142~0.195
1967—19710.0410.026~0.056–0.031–0.053~–0.0090.1490.126~0.172
1972—19760.0430.029~0.057–0.013–0.032~0.0060.1170.095~0.138
1977—19810.0200.008~0.033–0.008–0.026~0.0090.0520.032~0.072
1982—1986–0.023–0.034~–0.012–0.033–0.048~–0.019–0.022–0.039~–0.006
1987—1991–0.024–0.032~–0.015–0.026–0.037~–0.015–0.041–0.055~–0.028
1992—19960.1170.110~0.1240.1270.118~0.1360.0680.058~0.079
1997—20010.037–0.009~0.0090.0400.028~0.053–0.104–0.118~–0.090
2002—2006–0.197–0.208~–0.186–0.155–0.171~–0.139–0.314–0.331~–0.296
2007—2011–0.376–0.389~–0.362–0.378–0.397~–0.358–0.431–0.452~–0.411
2012—2016–0.627–0.643~–0.362–0.661–0.685~–0.637–0.631–0.655~–0.607
2017—2021–1.037–1.058~–1.016–1.097–1.127~–1.066–1.002–1.035~–0.970
), ArticleFig(id=1321170894660157952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170574152413504, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

APC model analysis of meningitis mortality among Chinese residents from 1990 to 2021

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类总体男性女性
效应系数95%CI效应系数95%CI效应系数95%CI
年龄效应/岁 0~42.4252.378~2.4712.3862.303~2.4692.4662.405~2.528
5~90.2790.232~0.3250.2220.143~0.3000.3430.279~0.407
10~14–0.542–0.590~–0.494–0.637–0.714~–0.559–0.429–0.497~–0.360
15~19–0.751–0.799~–0.704–0.768–0.840~–0.696–0.752–0.823~–0.681
20~24–1.061–1.109~–1.013–1.086–1.156~–1.016–1.045–1.119~–0.971
25~29–1.279–1.328~–1.230–1.381–1.450~–1.311–1.159–1.233~–1.086
30~34–1.257–1.305~–1.230–1.239–1.303~–1.174–1.329–1.407~–1.250
35~39–1.178–1.226~–1.131–1.154–1.216~–1.092–1.271–1.345~–1.192
40~44–1.144–1.191~–1.096–1.108–1.168~–1.047–1.266–1.345~–1.187
45~49–1.137–1.186~–1.089–1.089–1.149~–1.026–1.288–1.370~–1.207
50~54–0.947–0.995~–0.900–0.939–1.001~–0.878–1.019–1.096~–0.942
55~59–0.780–0.828~–0.733–0.788–0.851~–0.725–0.831–0.906~–0.755
60~64–0.509–0.555~–0.463–0.509–0.572~–0.447–0.569–0.641~–0.496
65~69–0.196–0.241~–0.151–0.252–0.317~–0.187–0.169–0.236~–0.102
70~740.1680.122~0.2130.1580.089~0.2260.1410.074~0.208
75~790.5450.497~0.5920.4710.396~0.5460.6200.554~0.687
80~841.0551.003~1.1060.9750.891~1.0591.1611.092~1.230
85~891.6131.553~1.6721.7481.652~1.8451.5651.484~1.647
90~942.1162.036~2.1972.3712.242~2.5012.0861.980~2.192
时期效应/年份1992—19960.6710.651~0.6900.6520.623~0.6810.6860.658~0.715
1997—20010.3610.342~0.3800.3610.335~0.3870.3560.327~0.385
2002—2006–0.136–0.158~–0.114–0.166–0.195~–0.138–0.092–0.125~–0.058
2007—2011–0.254–0.276~–0.231–0.259–0.289~–0.229–0.240–0.276~–0.204
2012—2016–0.274–0.298~–0.251–0.249–0.281~–0.217–0.307–0.343~–0.270
2017—2021–0.368–0.394~–0.342–0.339–0.376~–0.302–0.404–0.444~–0.364
出生队列效应/年份1902—19060.150–0.052~0.3520.214–0.114~0.5420.115–0.145~0.375
1907—19110.2530.134~0.3720.2740.076~0.4710.2690.114~0.424
1912—19160.3310.240~0.4220.3710.213~0.5290.3210.205~0.437
1917—19210.3730.295~0.4500.4190.282~0.5560.3590.261~0.458
1922—19260.3440.275~0.4130.3910.268~0.5130.3210.232~0.410
1927—19310.3390.274~0.4040.3740.261~0.4880.3180.234~0.402
1932—19360.3340.273~0.3950.3550.249~0.4880.3240.243~0.406
1937—19410.3450.286~0.4040.3560.256~0.4550.3440.263~0.425
1942—19460.3210.262~0.3790.3250.231~0.4200.3270.243~0.411
1947—19510.2830.226~0.3400.2750.186~0.3640.3110.226~0.395
1952—19560.2390.184~0.2940.2310.148~0.3140.2710.188~0.354
1957—19610.2000.145~0.2550.1950.116~0.2740.2160.130~0.302
1962—19660.1200.066~0.1740.1190.044~0.1940.1330.047~0.218
1967—19710.1170.067~0.1660.1270.059~0.1950.1020.023~0.180
1972—19760.0670.019~0.1160.0850.021~0.1490.030–0.047~0.107
1977—19810.0690.022~0.1150.1000.040~0.1600.007–0.069~0.082
1982—19860.032–0.010~0.0750.053–0.003~0.108–0.011–0.079~0.057
1987—1991–0.031–0.065~0.003–0.031–0.075~0.013–0.051–0.104~0.002
1992—1996–0.092–0.117~–0.066–0.137–0.171~–0.104–0.057–0.097~–0.018
1997—2001–0.222–0.254~–0.190–0.262–0.305~–0.219–0.205–0.255~–0.155
2002—2006–0.430–0.469~–0.390–0.444–0.498~–0.390–0.457–0.519~–0.396
2007—2011–0.701–0.746~–0.656–0.755–0.818~–0.691–0.673–0.741~–0.605
2012—2016–1.062–1.113~–1.012–1.150–1.223~–1.078–0.982–1.058~–0.905
2017—2021–1.461–1.525~–1.396–1.537–1.629~–1.446–1.401–1.500~–1.303
), ArticleFig(id=1321170894790181377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170574152413504, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

1990—2021年中国居民脑膜炎死亡率的APC模型分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类总体男性女性
效应系数95%CI效应系数95%CI效应系数95%CI
年龄效应/岁 0~42.4252.378~2.4712.3862.303~2.4692.4662.405~2.528
5~90.2790.232~0.3250.2220.143~0.3000.3430.279~0.407
10~14–0.542–0.590~–0.494–0.637–0.714~–0.559–0.429–0.497~–0.360
15~19–0.751–0.799~–0.704–0.768–0.840~–0.696–0.752–0.823~–0.681
20~24–1.061–1.109~–1.013–1.086–1.156~–1.016–1.045–1.119~–0.971
25~29–1.279–1.328~–1.230–1.381–1.450~–1.311–1.159–1.233~–1.086
30~34–1.257–1.305~–1.230–1.239–1.303~–1.174–1.329–1.407~–1.250
35~39–1.178–1.226~–1.131–1.154–1.216~–1.092–1.271–1.345~–1.192
40~44–1.144–1.191~–1.096–1.108–1.168~–1.047–1.266–1.345~–1.187
45~49–1.137–1.186~–1.089–1.089–1.149~–1.026–1.288–1.370~–1.207
50~54–0.947–0.995~–0.900–0.939–1.001~–0.878–1.019–1.096~–0.942
55~59–0.780–0.828~–0.733–0.788–0.851~–0.725–0.831–0.906~–0.755
60~64–0.509–0.555~–0.463–0.509–0.572~–0.447–0.569–0.641~–0.496
65~69–0.196–0.241~–0.151–0.252–0.317~–0.187–0.169–0.236~–0.102
70~740.1680.122~0.2130.1580.089~0.2260.1410.074~0.208
75~790.5450.497~0.5920.4710.396~0.5460.6200.554~0.687
80~841.0551.003~1.1060.9750.891~1.0591.1611.092~1.230
85~891.6131.553~1.6721.7481.652~1.8451.5651.484~1.647
90~942.1162.036~2.1972.3712.242~2.5012.0861.980~2.192
时期效应/年份1992—19960.6710.651~0.6900.6520.623~0.6810.6860.658~0.715
1997—20010.3610.342~0.3800.3610.335~0.3870.3560.327~0.385
2002—2006–0.136–0.158~–0.114–0.166–0.195~–0.138–0.092–0.125~–0.058
2007—2011–0.254–0.276~–0.231–0.259–0.289~–0.229–0.240–0.276~–0.204
2012—2016–0.274–0.298~–0.251–0.249–0.281~–0.217–0.307–0.343~–0.270
2017—2021–0.368–0.394~–0.342–0.339–0.376~–0.302–0.404–0.444~–0.364
出生队列效应/年份1902—19060.150–0.052~0.3520.214–0.114~0.5420.115–0.145~0.375
1907—19110.2530.134~0.3720.2740.076~0.4710.2690.114~0.424
1912—19160.3310.240~0.4220.3710.213~0.5290.3210.205~0.437
1917—19210.3730.295~0.4500.4190.282~0.5560.3590.261~0.458
1922—19260.3440.275~0.4130.3910.268~0.5130.3210.232~0.410
1927—19310.3390.274~0.4040.3740.261~0.4880.3180.234~0.402
1932—19360.3340.273~0.3950.3550.249~0.4880.3240.243~0.406
1937—19410.3450.286~0.4040.3560.256~0.4550.3440.263~0.425
1942—19460.3210.262~0.3790.3250.231~0.4200.3270.243~0.411
1947—19510.2830.226~0.3400.2750.186~0.3640.3110.226~0.395
1952—19560.2390.184~0.2940.2310.148~0.3140.2710.188~0.354
1957—19610.2000.145~0.2550.1950.116~0.2740.2160.130~0.302
1962—19660.1200.066~0.1740.1190.044~0.1940.1330.047~0.218
1967—19710.1170.067~0.1660.1270.059~0.1950.1020.023~0.180
1972—19760.0670.019~0.1160.0850.021~0.1490.030–0.047~0.107
1977—19810.0690.022~0.1150.1000.040~0.1600.007–0.069~0.082
1982—19860.032–0.010~0.0750.053–0.003~0.108–0.011–0.079~0.057
1987—1991–0.031–0.065~0.003–0.031–0.075~0.013–0.051–0.104~0.002
1992—1996–0.092–0.117~–0.066–0.137–0.171~–0.104–0.057–0.097~–0.018
1997—2001–0.222–0.254~–0.190–0.262–0.305~–0.219–0.205–0.255~–0.155
2002—2006–0.430–0.469~–0.390–0.444–0.498~–0.390–0.457–0.519~–0.396
2007—2011–0.701–0.746~–0.656–0.755–0.818~–0.691–0.673–0.741~–0.605
2012—2016–1.062–1.113~–1.012–1.150–1.223~–1.078–0.982–1.058~–0.905
2017—2021–1.461–1.525~–1.396–1.537–1.629~–1.446–1.401–1.500~–1.303
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1990—2021年中国居民脑膜炎发病和死亡趋势年龄–时期–队列分析
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蒋露 1 , 张志东 1 , 吴建军 1, *, * , 刘璐 1 , 商珑健 1 , 魏兴民 1, 2, *, *
中国公共卫生 | 专题报道——疾病负担研究 2025,41(3): 270-278
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中国公共卫生 |专题报道——疾病负担研究 2025 , 41 (3) : 270 -278
1990—2021年中国居民脑膜炎发病和死亡趋势年龄–时期–队列分析
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蒋露1, 张志东1, 吴建军1, *, * , 刘璐1, 商珑健1, 魏兴民1, 2, *, *
作者信息
  • 1甘肃中医药大学公共卫生学院,兰州 730000
  • 2西北环境与营养相关疾病中医药防治协同创新中心,兰州 730000
通讯作者:
吴建军,E-mail:
魏兴民,E-mail:
作者简介:

蒋露(2002—),硕士在读,研究方向:流行病与卫生统计

Age-period-cohort analysis of meningitis incidence and mortality trends among Chinese residents from 1990 to 2021
Lu JIANG1, Zhidong ZHANG1, Jianjun WU1 , Lu LIU1, Longjian SHANG1, Xingmin WEI1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1School of Public Health, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
  • 2Northwest Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Environmental and Nutrition-related Diseases in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    WU Jianjun, E-mail:
    WEI Xingmin, E-mail:
出版时间: 2025-03-10 doi: 10.11847/zgggws1145342
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目的

了解1990—2021年中国居民脑膜炎发病和死亡趋势,为我国制定脑膜炎的相关防治政策和措施提供参考依据。

方法

收集2021年全球疾病负担研究(GBD 2021)数据库中 1990—2021年中国居民脑膜炎发病和死亡相关数据,采用发病数、发病率、年龄标化发病率(ASIR)、死亡数、死亡率和年龄标化死亡率(ASDR)等指标进行描述性分析,采用Joinpoint回归模型分析中国居民脑膜炎发病率和死亡率的变化趋势并计算平均年度变化百分比(AAPC),应用年龄–时期–队列(APC)模型拟合并估计中国居民脑膜炎发病及死亡风险中的年龄效应、时期效应和出生队列效应。

结果

中国总体居民、男性居民和女性居民脑膜炎发病率分别从1990年的28.34/10万、31.66/10万和24.81/10万下降至2021年的4.82/10万、5.84/10万和3.75/10万,ASIR分别从1990年的30.83/10万、34.48/10万和27.20/10万下降至2021年的5.79/10万、7.16/10万和4.42/10万,ASIR的AAPC值分别为–5.30%、–4.96%和–5.71%(均P<0.001);中国总体居民、男性居民和女性居民脑膜炎死亡率分别从1990年的3.17/10万、3.60/10万和2.71/10万下降至2021年的0.43/10万、0.50/10万和0.36/10万,ASDR分别从1990年的3.54/10万、4.02/10万和3.06/10万下降至2021年的0.48/10万、0.58/10万和0.38/10万,ASDR的AAPC值分别为–6.31%、–6.11%和–6.56%(均P<0.001)。APC模型分析结果显示,脑膜炎发病率和死亡率的年龄效应均随着年龄增长呈先下降而后上升趋势,中国总体居民、男性居民和女性居民脑膜炎发病率的年龄效应系数分别从0~4岁的1.945、1.857和2.065下降至45~49岁的–1.194、–1.112和–1.381,而后上升至90~94岁的1.874、2.087和1.905,总体居民和男性居民脑膜炎死亡率的年龄效应系数分别从0~4岁的2.425和2.386下降至25~29岁的–1.279和–1.381,而后上升至90~94岁的2.116和2.371,女性居民脑膜炎死亡率的年龄效应系数从0~4岁的2.466下降至30~34岁的–1.329,而后上升至90~94岁的2.086;脑膜炎发病率和死亡率的时期效应均呈下降趋势,中国总体居民、男性居民、女性居民脑膜炎发病率和死亡率的时期效应系数分别从1992—1996年的0.583和0.671、0.555和0.652、0.612和0.686下降至2017—2021年的–0.362和–0.368、–0.291和–0.339、–0.463和–0.404;脑膜炎发病率和死亡率的队列效应均随出生队列的延伸呈波动下降趋势,中国总体居民、男性居民、女性居民脑膜炎发病率和死亡率的出生队列效应系数分别从1902—1906年的0.094和0.150、0.207和0.214、–0.025和0.115下降至2017—2021年的–1.037和–1.461、–1.097和–1.537、–1.002和–1.401。

结论

1990—2021年中国居民脑膜炎发病率和死亡率总体均呈下降趋势,但仍应加强对低年龄组和高年龄组居民脑膜炎的防控工作。

脑膜炎  /  发病  /  死亡  /  趋势  /  年龄–时期–队列(APC)模型  /  中国居民
Objective

To understand the trends in meningitis incidence and mortality among Chinese residents from 1990 to 2021, and to provide a reference for the development of relevant prevention and control policies and measures for meningitis in China.

Methods

Data on meningitis incidence and mortality among Chinese residents from 1990 to 2021 were collected from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021) database. Descriptive analyses were conducted using indicators such as the number of cases, incidence rate, age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), number of deaths, mortality rate, and age-standardized mortality rate (ASDR). Joinpoint regression models were used to analyze the trends in incidence and mortality rates of meningitis among Chinese residents and to calculate the average annual percentage change (AAPC). Age-period-cohort (APC) models were used to fit and estimate the age, period, and cohort effects on the risk of meningitis incidence and mortality among Chinese residents.

Results

The incidence rate of meningitis among the total population, male residents, and female residents in China decreased from 28.34/100 000, 31.66/100 000, and 24.81/100 000 in 1990 to 4.82/100 000, 5.84/100 000, and 3.75/100 000 in 2021,respectively. The ASIR decreased from 30.83/100 000, 34.48/100 000, and 27.20/100 000 in 1990 to 5.79/100 000, 7.16/100 000, and 4.42/100 000 in 2021, respectively. The AAPC values for ASIR were –5.30%, –4.96%, and –5.71% (all P<0.001), respectively. The mortality rate of meningitis among the total population, male residents, and female residents in China decreased from 3.17/100 000, 3.60/100 000, and 2.71/100 000 in 1990 to 0.43/100 000, 0.50/100 000, and 0.36/100 000 in 2021, respectively. The ASDR decreased from 3.54/100 000, 4.02/100 000, and 3.06/100 000 in 1990 to 0.48/100 000, 0.58/100 000, and 0.38/100 000 in 2021, respectively. The AAPC values for ASDR were –6.31%, –6.11%, and –6.56% (all P<0.001), respectively. The APC model analysis showed that the age effects of both meningitis incidence and mortality initially decreased and then increased with age. The age effect coefficients for meningitis incidence among the total population, male residents, and female residents in China decreased from 1.945, 1.857, and 2.065 for ages 0–4 to –1.194, –1.112, and –1.381 for ages 45–49, and then increased to 1.874, 2.087, and 1.905 for ages 90–94, respectively. The age effect coefficients for meningitis mortality among the total population and male residents decreased from 2.425 and 2.386 for ages 0–4 to –1.279 and –1.381 for ages 25–29, and then increased to 2.116 and 2.371 for ages 90–94, respectively. The age effect coefficients for meningitis mortality among female residents decreased from 2.466 for ages 0–4 to –1.329 for ages 30–34, and then increased to 2.086 for ages 90–94. Both the period effects of meningitis incidence and mortality showed a decreasing trend. The period effect coefficients for meningitis incidence and mortality among the total population, male residents, and female residents in China decreased from 0.583 and 0.671, 0.555 and 0.652, and 0.612 and 0.686 for the period 1992–1996 to –0.362 and –0.368, –0.291 and –0.339, and –0.463 and –0.404 for the period 2017–2021, respectively. Both the cohort effects of meningitis incidence and mortality showed a fluctuating downward trend. The cohort effect coefficients for meningitis incidence and mortality among the total population, male residents, and female residents in China decreased from 0.094 and 0.150, 0.207 and 0.214, and –0.025 and 0.115 for the cohort 1902–1906 to –1.037 and –1.461, –1.097 and –1.537, and –1.002 and –1.401 for the cohort 2017–2021, respectively.

Conclusion

The incidence and mortality rates of meningitis among Chinese residents showed an overall downward trend from 1990 to 2021. However, it is still necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of meningitis among residents in younger and older age groups.

meningitis  /  incidence  /  mortality  /  trend  /  age-period-cohort (APC) model  /  Chinese residents
蒋露, 张志东, 吴建军, 刘璐, 商珑健, 魏兴民. 1990—2021年中国居民脑膜炎发病和死亡趋势年龄–时期–队列分析. 中国公共卫生, 2025 , 41 (3) : 270 -278 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1145342
Lu JIANG, Zhidong ZHANG, Jianjun WU, Lu LIU, Longjian SHANG, Xingmin WEI. Age-period-cohort analysis of meningitis incidence and mortality trends among Chinese residents from 1990 to 2021[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2025 , 41 (3) : 270 -278 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1145342
脑膜炎是一组主要由各种病原体感染引起的脑脊髓膜急性炎症性疾病,临床以发热、头痛、呕吐和脖颈僵硬等为主要表现,为全球居民的主要卫生问题之一[1]。研究表明,脑膜炎可由细菌、病毒、真菌和寄生虫引起,其中细菌性脑膜炎具有毁灭性的后果[2]。据报道,2019年全球估计有251万脑膜炎病例和23.6万脑膜炎死亡病例[3],近年来虽然中国采取了一系列有效的脑膜炎防控措施,但由于人口基数较大,我国仍然是全球脑膜炎最严重的国家之一[4],因此,分析我国居民脑膜炎发病率和死亡率的变化趋势对制定相关卫生决策至关重要。为了解1990—2021年中国居民脑膜炎发病和死亡趋势,为制定脑膜炎的相关防治政策和措施提供参考依据,本研究收集2021年全球疾病负担研究(Global Burden of Disease Study 2021,GBD 2021)数据库中 1990—2021年中国居民脑膜炎发病和死亡相关数据,采用发病数、发病率、年龄标化发病率(age-standardized incidence rate,ASIR)、死亡数、死亡率和年龄标化死亡率(age-standardized death rate,ASDR)等指标进行描述性分析,采用Joinpoint回归模型分析中国居民脑膜炎发病率和死亡率的变化趋势并计算平均年度变化百分比(average annual percentage change,AAPC),应用年龄–时期–队列(age-period-cohort,APC)模型拟合并估计中国居民脑膜炎发病及死亡风险中的年龄效应、时期效应和出生队列效应。结果报告如下。
资料来源于GBD 2021数据库,该数据库中所有数据向全球用户开放,具体数据可在GBD 2021官网(http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-2021)中获取。GBD数据库是一个综合性的、国际性的疾病和健康情况数据库,采用标准的、可复制的方法估算了全球204个国家和地区的369种疾病和伤害所造成的疾病负担情况[5]。本研究收集其中1990—2021年中国脑膜炎发病数、发病率、ASIR、死亡数、死亡率和ASDR等相关数据进行分析,其中ASIR和ASDR均通过2021年全球标准人口年龄构成[5]进行标化。本研究中脑膜炎按《国际疾病与相关健康问题统计分类第十版(The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision,ICD-10)》[6]编码进行分类和编码,编码为036~036·9/A39~A39·9(脑膜炎–戈球菌性脑膜炎)、320·0/G00·0(乙型流感病毒性脑膜炎)、320·1/G00·1(肺炎球菌性脑膜炎)和047~049/320.2~322.9(其他脑膜炎)。
采用Excel 2019统计软件进行一般描述性分析;应用Joinpoint 4.9.0软件进行Joinpoint回归分析,采用对数线性回归模型计算AAPC值分别对中国居民脑膜炎发病和死亡的变化趋势进行分析;应用Stata 11.0软件构建APC模型拟合并估计中国居民脑膜炎发病及死亡风险中的年龄效应、时期效应和出生队列效应,其中年龄以5年为间隔分为19组(0~4岁、5~9岁,$\cdots $,90~94岁),时期以5年为间隔分为6段(1992—1996年,1997—2001年,$\cdots $,2017—2021年),出生队列由时期减去年龄得到,划分为24个出生队列(1902—1906年,1907—1911年,$\cdots $,2017—2021年)。检验水准为双侧检验α=0.05。
中国总体居民脑膜炎发病率从1990年的28.34/10万下降至2021年的4.82/10万,ASIR从1990年的30.83/10万下降至2021年的5.79/10万,平均每年降低5.30%(AAPC= –5.30%,t= –27.30,P<0.001);中国男性居民脑膜炎发病率从1990年的31.66/10万下降至2021年的5.84/10万,ASIR从1990年的34.48/10万下降至2021年的7.16/10万,平均每年降低4.96%(AAPC= –4.96%,t= –28.02,P<0.001);中国女性居民脑膜炎发病率从1990年的24.81/10万下降至2021年的3.75/10万,ASIR从1990年的27.20/10万下降至2021年的4.42/10万,平均每年降低5.71%(AAPC= –5.71%,t= –34.54,P<0.001)。
中国总体居民脑膜炎死亡率从1990年的3.17/10万下降至2021年的0.43/10万,ASDR从1990年的3.54/10万下降至2021年的0.48/10万,平均每年降低6.31%(AAPC= –6.31%,t= –59.32,P<0.001);中国男性居民脑膜炎死亡率从1990年的3.60/10万下降至2021年的0.50/10万,ASDR从1990年的4.02/10万下降至2021年的0.58/10万,平均每年降低6.11%(AAPC= –6.11%,t= –42.42,P<0.001);中国女性居民脑膜炎死亡率从1990年的2.71/10万下降至2021年的0.36/10万,ASDR从1990年的3.06/10万下降至2021年的0.38/10万,平均每年降低6.56%(AAPC= –6.56%,t= –50.62,P<0.001)。
APC模型分析结果显示,1990—2021年中国居民脑膜炎发病率的年龄效应随年龄增长呈先下降而后上升趋势,总体居民、男性居民和女性居民脑膜炎发病率的年龄效应系数分别从0~4岁的1.945、1.857和2.065下降至45~49岁的–1.194、–1.112和–1.381,而后上升至90~94岁的1.874、2.087和1.905;1990—2021年中国居民脑膜炎发病率的时期效应呈下降趋势,总体居民、男性居民和女性居民脑膜炎发病率的时期效应系数分别从1992—1996年的0.583、0.555和0.612下降至2017—2021年的–0.362、–0.291和–0.463;1990—2021年中国居民脑膜炎发病率的队列效应随呈波动下降趋势,总体居民、男性居民和女性居民脑膜炎发病率的队列效应系数分别从1902—1906年的0.094、0.207和–0.025下降至2017—2021年的–1.037、–1.097和–1.002。
APC模型分析结果显示,1990—2021年中国居民脑膜炎死亡率的年龄效应随年龄增长呈先下降而后上升趋势,总体居民和男性居民脑膜炎死亡率的年龄效应系数分别从0~4岁的2.425和2.386下降至25~29岁的–1.279和–1.381,而后上升至90~94岁的2.116和2.371,女性居民脑膜炎死亡率的年龄效应系数从0~4岁的2.466下降至30~34岁的–1.329,而后上升至90~94岁的2.086;1990—2021年中国居民脑膜炎死亡率的时期效应呈下降趋势,总体居民、男性居民和女性居民脑膜炎死亡率的时期效应系数分别从1992—1996年的0.671、0.652和0.686下降至2017—2021年的–0.368、–0.339和–0.404;1990—2021年中国居民脑膜炎死亡率的出生队列效应随出生队列的延伸均呈波动下降趋势,中国总体居民、男性居民和女性居民脑膜炎死亡率的出生队列效应系数分别从1902—1906年的0.150、0.214和0.115下降至2017—2021年的–1.461、–1.537和–1.401。
本研究结果显示,1990—2021年中国居民脑膜炎的发病率和死亡率总体均呈下降趋势,总体居民、男性居民、女性居民脑膜炎ASIR和ASDR分别从1990年的30.83/10万和3.54/10万、34.48/10万和4.02/10万、27.20/10万和3.06/10万下降至2021年的5.79/10万和0.48/10万、7.16/10万和0.58/10万、4.42/10万和0.38/10万,ASIR和ASDR的AAPC值分别为–5.30%和–6.31%、–4.96%和–6.11%、–5.71%和–6.56%(均P<0.001),与国家卫生健康委员会管理的脑膜炎死亡登记系统得出的结果一致[7],这可能与我国居民广泛接种脑膜炎疫苗进行脑膜炎预防有关[8]。1984年中国出台了一项综合预防策略,主要涉及广泛使用A组脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗作为预防流行性脑脊髓膜炎的手段[9];2007年A群和C群脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗也被纳入我国免疫规划并广泛使用[10]。与此同时,我国还建立了脑膜炎症候群等五大类症候群的细菌性传染病监测技术平台,细菌性脑膜炎病例的及时发现有助于进行早期隔离[11]。抗生素的广泛治疗是脑膜炎死亡率持续下降的原因之一,20世纪30年代磺胺药物的出现为脑膜炎的治疗提供了重要的手段,明显降低了脑膜炎的死亡率和并发症的发生率[12];氯霉素在20世纪60年代初期被用于治疗流感嗜血杆菌性脑膜炎,亦进一步降低了脑膜炎的死亡率[13]。此外,我国公共卫生投入的增加也是脑膜炎死亡率下降的另一重要原因。脑膜炎的疾病负担在不同性别间存在差异,1990—2021年中国男性居民脑膜炎的发病率和死亡率均高于女性居民,这可能是因为女性居民更倾向于寻求医疗照顾,个人卫生标准也更高,因此感染脑膜炎的机会较少且在感染后得到的护理也更及时[14]。
本研究APC模型分析结果显示,年龄为中国居民脑膜炎发病和死亡的重要影响因素。其中,0~14岁低年龄组和85~94岁高年龄组人群脑膜炎的发病和死亡风险均高于其他年龄组人群,以0~4岁年龄组人群发病和死亡风险为最大,年龄效应系数分别为1.945和2.425,与李秀芝等[15]和刘民等[16]研究结果一致。脑膜炎在婴幼儿期高发,可能是因为该年龄组人群的免疫系统发育不成熟,血脑屏障功能不完善,因此更容易感染脑膜炎球菌和肺炎球菌[17]。而脑膜炎在婴幼儿中具有较高的死亡率则可能是因为该年龄组人群在发病早期没有脑膜炎的典型症状和体征,与感冒和发热等常见症状相似[18],因此容易导致延误诊断,而脑膜炎起病急、发展迅速和致死率高的特点可使病情迅速恶化[19]。老年人脑膜炎发病明显增加的原因可能是老年人身体机能下降、免疫力降低,这使得他们更容易受到细菌性脑膜炎的侵袭[20];且老年人本身患有的一些基础疾病(如慢性心肺疾病、糖尿病和恶性肿瘤等)也会引起机体的代谢紊乱,从而增加隐球菌脑膜炎的发病风险[21]。脑膜炎在老年人中的死亡率较高则可能是由于老年人在治疗过程中会出现各种并发症,如脑积水、脑疝和休克等,这些并发症的出现会进一步增加治疗的难度和死亡率[22]。
时期效应分析结果显示,1990—2021年中国居民脑膜炎发病和死亡风险均随时期的推移呈下降趋势,这与Wang L P等[4]的研究结果一致。近年来,我国政府积极开展脑膜炎相关健康教育宣传活动,是我国居民脑膜炎发病风险下降的重要原因之一。此外,我国的“两管五改”等措施明显改善了农村环境卫生状况,进一步降低了农村地区的脑膜炎发病率[23]。近年来,脑膜炎检测技术的创新(靶向基因测序、反转录–聚合酶链式反应和脑脊液检查等现代诊断技术)已被证实可以提升脑膜炎的早期诊断[24],因此我国居民脑膜炎的死亡风险有所降低。与此同时,医疗救治水平的提高也是脑膜炎死亡风险下降的重要原因,研究表明,免疫治疗、脱水治疗和手术治疗均能使脑膜炎患者得到更加及时、有效的治疗[25]。还有研究表明神经康复训练、针灸和高压氧等康复治疗方法均能帮助脑膜炎患者恢复身体功能、提高生存率[26]。在过去30年,我国康复医疗机构数量快速增长[27],亦使脑膜炎患者能够获得更专业的康复医疗服务。
出生队列效应分析结果显示,1990—2021年中国居民脑膜炎的发病和死亡风险均随出生队列的延伸呈波动下降趋势,以2017—2021年出生队列人群的发病率和死亡率效应系数为最小,分别为–1.037和–1.461。我国居民脑膜炎发病风险的下降可能与近年来我国脑膜炎疫苗的普遍接种、孕妇营养状况的不断改善以及孕妇接受更多的产前检查和健康教育有关[8],而我国居民脑膜炎死亡风险的下降则可能与我国医疗技术的进步、医疗保健服务的改善和公众健康意识的提升有关[28]。
综上所述,1990—2021年中国居民脑膜炎发病率和死亡率总体均呈下降趋势,但仍需加强对低年龄组和高年龄组居民脑膜炎的防控工作。总体来看,当前国内外对脑膜炎的研究主要侧重于临床与治疗,其对脑膜炎疾病负担方面的研究数量较少。同时,对我国脑膜炎的研究整体偏向于流行趋势与疾病负担的描述分析,缺少纵向视角的趋势分析,因此,本研究利用GBD 2021中数据对中国居民脑膜炎发病和死亡情况进行分析,采用Joinpoint 回归模型分析脑膜炎发病率和死亡率的时间趋势以探讨重点时期,并采用APC模型分析脑膜炎发病和死亡的因素,挖掘脑膜炎疾病负担的年龄、时期、队列效应。但本研究仍存在一定的局限性,如因缺少省级数据不能确定不同省份脑膜炎发病率是否存在地区差异和未按发病原因将脑膜炎发病情况进行分类讨论等,今后可将GBD数据与国家卫生健康委员会和中国疾病预防控制中心等官方机构发布的脑膜炎各省份公开数据结合,在地区层面进行比较以及按脑膜炎发病情况进行分类讨论。

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doi: 10.11847/zgggws1145342
  • 接收时间:2024-07-01
  • 首发时间:2026-10-25
  • 出版时间:2025-03-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-01
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  • 录用日期:2024-11-11
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    1甘肃中医药大学公共卫生学院,兰州 730000
    2西北环境与营养相关疾病中医药防治协同创新中心,兰州 730000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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genus
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species
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Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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