Article(id=1321170146685735721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1321170080579301694, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11847/zgggws1145206, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1718294400000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-14, revisedDate=1729526400000, revisedDateStr=2024-10-22, acceptedDate=1731254400000, acceptedDateStr=2024-11-11, onlineDate=1792921109123, onlineDateStr=2026-10-25, pubDate=1736438400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792921109123, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792921109123, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792921109123, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1321170080579301694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, year='2025', volume='41', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='128', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1736438400000', pubDateStr='2025-01-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792921093363, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792921093363, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=12, endPage=16, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1321170146895450922, articleId=1321170146685735721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=EN, title=Current status of information management construction and future development directions for disease prevention and control institutions in China, columnId=1321169992624747130, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Public Health, columnName=Special Report – Public Health Informatization Development and Artificial Intelligence, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Information management departments within Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) agencies played a crucial role in the control of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, and their importance has become increasingly prominent. However, these departments still face challenges due to insufficient development and have considerable room for growth. This article provides an overview of the current status, functions, and responsibilities of information management departments within Chinese CDC agencies, and examines the work of similar departments in other countries. It also analyzes the developmental changes in information management departments of CDC agencies both domestically and internationally following the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, by integrating the development of information management departments in CDC agencies worldwide, this article explores potential future directions for the development of information management departments within Chinese CDC agencies.

, authors=Han WEI, Xiaoyan QIU, Zimu WANG, Gaoming LI, Xuefeng LI, Jian WANG, authorsList=Han WEI, Xiaoyan QIU, Zimu WANG, Gaoming LI, Xuefeng LI, Jian WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jian WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
WANG Jian, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2025 Chinese Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1321170147474264877, articleId=1321170146685735721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=CN, title=我国疾病预防控制机构信息化管理建设现状及未来建议方向, columnId=1321169994361188988, journalTitle=中国公共卫生, columnName=专题报道——公共卫生信息化建设与人工智能, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

我国疾病预防控制机构(简称“疾控机构”)信息化管理部门在新型冠状病毒感染疫情(简称“新冠疫情”)防控工作中发挥了突出作用,其重要地位日益凸显,但同时存在建设不足和较大的发展空间。本文概述了我国疾控机构信息化管理部门的建设现状、职能及国外疾控机构信息化管理部门工作情况,梳理了新冠疫情后国内外疾控机构信息化管理部门的发展变化,并结合国内外疾控机构信息化管理部门建设情况,展望我国疾控机构信息化管理部门未来的建议方向。

, authors=魏晗, 邱晓燕, 王子牧, 李高明, 李学峰, 王健*, *, authorsList=魏晗, 邱晓燕, 王子牧, 李高明, 李学峰, 王健, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王健, authorNote=

魏晗(1997—),助理编辑,本科,研究方向:疾控机构信息化建设

, correspAuthorsNote=
王健,E-mail:
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魏晗(1997—),助理编辑,本科,研究方向:疾控机构信息化建设

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疾控中心在编
人员/人
独立部门
设置率/%
经费投入/千万元信息化发展
规划制定率/%
信息化建设
方案制定率/%
网络安全等级
保护备案率/%
2019年2020年2021年
省级20490.638.10214.40026.80050.0050.0085.00
地(市)级10458.063.4514.8952.86838.7151.6165.52
县(区、县级市)级3331.030.4992.0621.00824.1444.8364.29
), ArticleFig(id=1321170150276059994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170146685735721, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

我国省级及试点疾控中心信息化管理部门建设情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
疾控中心在编
人员/人
独立部门
设置率/%
经费投入/千万元信息化发展
规划制定率/%
信息化建设
方案制定率/%
网络安全等级
保护备案率/%
2019年2020年2021年
省级20490.638.10214.40026.80050.0050.0085.00
地(市)级10458.063.4514.8952.86838.7151.6165.52
县(区、县级市)级3331.030.4992.0621.00824.1444.8364.29
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我国疾病预防控制机构信息化管理建设现状及未来建议方向
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魏晗 , 邱晓燕 , 王子牧 , 李高明 , 李学峰 , 王健 *, *
中国公共卫生 | 专题报道——公共卫生信息化建设与人工智能 2025,41(1): 12-16
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中国公共卫生 |专题报道——公共卫生信息化建设与人工智能 2025 , 41 (1) : 12 -16
我国疾病预防控制机构信息化管理建设现状及未来建议方向
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魏晗, 邱晓燕, 王子牧, 李高明, 李学峰, 王健*, *
作者信息
  • 中部战区疾病预防控制中心,北京 100042
通讯作者:
王健,E-mail:
作者简介:

魏晗(1997—),助理编辑,本科,研究方向:疾控机构信息化建设

Current status of information management construction and future development directions for disease prevention and control institutions in China
Han WEI, Xiaoyan QIU, Zimu WANG, Gaoming LI, Xuefeng LI, Jian WANG
Affiliations
  • Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Central Theater Command, Beijing 100042, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    WANG Jian, E-mail:
出版时间: 2025-01-10 doi: 10.11847/zgggws1145206
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我国疾病预防控制机构(简称“疾控机构”)信息化管理部门在新型冠状病毒感染疫情(简称“新冠疫情”)防控工作中发挥了突出作用,其重要地位日益凸显,但同时存在建设不足和较大的发展空间。本文概述了我国疾控机构信息化管理部门的建设现状、职能及国外疾控机构信息化管理部门工作情况,梳理了新冠疫情后国内外疾控机构信息化管理部门的发展变化,并结合国内外疾控机构信息化管理部门建设情况,展望我国疾控机构信息化管理部门未来的建议方向。

疾控机构  /  信息化管理  /  现状  /  建设方向

Information management departments within Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) agencies played a crucial role in the control of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, and their importance has become increasingly prominent. However, these departments still face challenges due to insufficient development and have considerable room for growth. This article provides an overview of the current status, functions, and responsibilities of information management departments within Chinese CDC agencies, and examines the work of similar departments in other countries. It also analyzes the developmental changes in information management departments of CDC agencies both domestically and internationally following the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, by integrating the development of information management departments in CDC agencies worldwide, this article explores potential future directions for the development of information management departments within Chinese CDC agencies.

centers for disease control and prevention  /  information management  /  current status  /  future directions
魏晗, 邱晓燕, 王子牧, 李高明, 李学峰, 王健. 我国疾病预防控制机构信息化管理建设现状及未来建议方向. 中国公共卫生, 2025 , 41 (1) : 12 -16 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1145206
Han WEI, Xiaoyan QIU, Zimu WANG, Gaoming LI, Xuefeng LI, Jian WANG. Current status of information management construction and future development directions for disease prevention and control institutions in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2025 , 41 (1) : 12 -16 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1145206
2019年初,国家卫生健康委等机构开展了疾病预防控制中心(简称“疾控中心”)信息化试点建设工作[1],进一步加强了疾控机构信息化管理部门的建设力度。近年,疾控机构信息化管理部门在新型冠状病毒感染疫情(简称“新冠疫情”)防控工作中发挥了重要作用,其重要地位日益凸显。本文概述了我国疾控机构信息化管理部门建设现状、职能及国外疾控机构信息化管理部门工作情况,梳理了新冠疫情后国内外疾控机构信息化管理部门的发展变化,并结合国内外疾控机构信息化管理部门建设情况,展望了我国疾控机构信息化管理部门未来的建设方向。
当前,我国疾控机构信息化管理部门主要承担疾控机构内部信息化建设等职能任务,但各级疾控机构信息化建设情况差异较大。
李少琼等[1]对我国省级及试点地区疾控中心2019—2021年信息化建设现状的在线问卷调查结果显示,接受调查的32个省级疾控中心及31个地(市)级、29个县(区、县级市)级信息化建设试点疾控中心中,专职从事信息化工作的在编人员数量、独立信息化管理部门设置率从省级到地(市)级、县(区、县级市)级逐级减少,29个县(区、县级市)级试点疾控中心仅有33名在编的专职信息化工作人员,仅31.03%的县(区、县级市)级疾控中心设置了独立的信息化管理部门;全国省级疾控中心对信息化建设的经费投入逐年增加,但地(市)、县(区、县级市)两级疾控中心的投入在2021年出现了明显下降;信息化发展规划制定率从省级到地(市)级、县(区、县级市)级逐渐降低;信息化建设方案制定率省和地(市)级高于县(区、县级市)级;信息化管理部门网络安全等级保护备案率省级疾控中心最高(85%),县(区、县级市)级最低(64.29%)。
综上,目前我国疾控机构信息化管理部门发展水平不均,反映出各级疾控机构对信息化建设重视程度不一,因此还需要进一步统一认识,加大投入,持续提升各级特别是基层疾控机构信息化建设水平。
截至2022年,我国共设有3 386家各级疾病预防控制中心,其中省、地(市)、县(区、县级市)三级机构约1 000家疾控中心设立了独立的信息化管理部门[1–2]。
中国疾控中心信息中心负责统筹中心信息化规划、建设、管理和运维,承担科技情报、信息共享与大数据应用服务技术支持,参与国家公共卫生信息化建设并提供技术支持,指导地方疾控机构实施国家公共卫生信息化规划[3]。
各省级疾控中心信息化管理部门主要负责生命统计、信息化标准和项目管理、数据中心建设与管理,以及信息技术与安全管理,具体包括统计人口出生、死亡、传染病等信息,以及规划疾控中心信息资源,开展信息技术和标准研究,管理健康大数据,收集、整合、上报卫生统计数据,管理和维护科技文献资源、统计软件,提供借阅服务,承担疾病防控信息网络平台建设、维护和管理,保障疾控信息系统网络安全[4–5]。
各市级疾控中心信息化管理部门主要职能与省级相关部门类似,但不负责信息技术、标准的研究和制定;各县级疾控中心信息化管理部门在上级相关部门指导下开展具体工作。
我国疾控机构信息化管理部门在履行上述职能的同时,还要承担疾控系统数据处理及软件应用能力提升、调研公共卫生系统信息化建设情况、回应疾控内部信息化工作需求等任务。新冠疫情期间,疾控机构信息化管理部门普遍成立了疫情监测组和网络组,疫情监测组负责跟踪疫情动态、审核病例真实性、汇总分析疫情数据、提供每日疫情变化信息;网络组负责网络安全和运行维护,为疫情防控专班配置信息设备、软件、客户端等,支持视频会议,上线新型冠状病毒感染密切接触者追踪管理系统,并依托疾控机构公众号,开设“医学观察解除核验”栏目等[6]。
美国疾控中心信息化管理部门为首席信息官办公室(Office Of The Chief Information Officer,OCIO),下辖5个办公室,其中商业运营办公室和技术现代化办公室不下辖科室,客户体验办公室、数字服务办公室、网络安全项目办公室共下辖15个科室(图1),商业运营办公室负责会计、采购、预算等工作;技术现代化办公室通过应用研究和创新推动公共卫生信息技术(information technology,IT)发展,建立传播企业架构框架;客户体验办公室监督客户关系、IT能力和服务,其下辖的计划服务科负责改善客户体验,客户支援科提供服务台和终端用户支持,全球活动科维护支持全球任务IT系统;数字服务办公室监督面向客户的业务和行政IT解决方案,其下辖的应用服务科负责识别、测试和集成新技术及数字服务,身份和访问管理科负责制定和维护身份及访问管理策略,基建服务科负责维护IT基础设施,数据传输科、云服务科、数据分析与可视化科、商业自动化科和工作间生产力科管理不同领域的平台和产品;网络安全项目办公室负责监督网络功能、隐私、风险管理、威胁保护和合规性,其下辖的治理、风险与法规遵从科负责确保遵守安全标准和政策、建立风险管理流程,高级威胁防护科负责实施事件响应、监控和分类安全事件,工程及科技科负责提供技术安全架构和工程建议,网络情报和内部威胁科负责制定相关政策和程序、开展分析和调查支持[7–8]。
英国疾控机构信息化管理部门为数据分析监控署(Data, Analytics&Surverillance),下设数据运营、分析与数据科学、全灾害情报及战略、设计和交付4个科室,其中数据运营科负责采集、整合、转换各类数据,创建和维护数据库,制定数据安全策略,提供数据支持服务,开发、维护数据管理系统;分析与数据科学科主要是运用统计和机器学习分析疫情和健康数据,构建模型,设计支持疾控决策的工具,评估健康风险传播效果;全灾害情报科负责收集、分析健康安全威胁相关情报,评估潜在健康威胁,提供决策支撑,开发健康威胁预警指标,运行、维护全灾害监测系统与情报分析平台,提升分析和预警能力,提出防范与应对建议;战略、设计和交付科负责制定信息化建设和数据处理的长期战略,设计公共卫生监测和预警系统框架,管理信息系统和信息项目,优化工作流程,提升数据运营效率,提供员工数据分析相关培训[9]。
世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)的信息化管理部门职能由数据治理委员会、世界卫生数据中心及数据、分析和交付产生影响司等部门共同履行[10],其中数据治理委员会负责制订数据收集的规则、政策和使用条款,发布健康估计清单的准则;世界卫生数据中心负责为全球卫生数据提供一个交互式数字平台和可信赖的来源,促进WHO及其会员国、国家办事处间数据交换和沟通,其信息系统包括基于云的数据湖、合作研究环境,以及自助式数据协调和仓储解决方案;数据、分析和交付产生影响司负责分析卫生数据,通过国际合作为战略对话提供信息,以实现与卫生相关的可持续发展目标和“三个十亿”(2019—2023年,全民健康覆盖受益人口新增10亿、发生突发卫生事件时受到更好保护的人口新增10亿人、健康和福祉得到改善的人口新增10亿人)目标[11]。
综上,美国、英国等发达国家疾控机构和世界卫生组织的信息化管理部门在业务系统支持、数据收集分析、数据安全保障、技术创新应用、信息化规则制定、信息服务提供、用户体验优化等方面的经验,值得借鉴。
2020年12月,国家卫生健康委办公厅、国家中医药局办公室发布的《全国公共卫生信息化建设标准与规范(试行)》鼓励各级医疗卫生机构将信息技术应用与公共卫生领域应用进行融合,探索创新发展模式,在疫情监测分析、病毒溯源、防控救治、资源调配等方面更好地发挥支撑作用[12–13]。中国疾控中心成立了疫情日报专班,发布每日疫情报告,并建立全国疾控中心日报联系网络,日报专班与各省联系人保持紧密沟通,确保对疫情数据内涵理解一致[14]。在技术层面,中国疾控中心信息中心上线运行全民健康信息化疾病预防控制信息系统,汇聚多源新冠病毒感染疫情数据,并将数据转化为文稿、图表,为疫情网络直报、流行病学调查等提供了安全稳定的信息化技术支持[15];完成了业务系统的云迁移,在真实工作环境下全面测试了国产操作系统下的虚拟专用网(virtual private network,VPN)互联互通等功能[16]。广东省疾控中心于2020年11月完成了我国首个智慧化多点触发预警监测平台系统的招标,目标为实现与医院、政府部门内部信息安全共享,以及基于大数据分析的多渠道监测预警和决策支持[17],该项目已于2022年12月19日通过最终验收[18]。
新冠疫情期间,美国疾控中心获得了3.75亿美元拨款用于疾控中心、州和地方卫生部门公共卫生数据监测和分析的现代化,并在2021—2023财年实施了信息技术战略计划[19]。OCIO发布了开放数据网站,扩展了数据科学、可视化培训计划。在技术层面,美国疾控中心利用新的数据标准和联邦政策推进数据现代化,制定了数据现代化路线图,扩展了疾控中心跟踪新型冠状病毒的能力,实现了医疗机构和实验室间电子报告的自动传输;此外,美国疾控中心和美国数字服务在州和地方卫生部门还试行了流行病就绪系统,包括1个处理新型冠状病毒疫苗推广的免疫数据池和1个基于云的平台(可快速编目、分析和发布流行病调查结果)[19]。
新冠疫情发生后,在英国疾控机构信息化管理部门的支持下,英国卫生安全局(UK Health Security Agency,UKHSA)通过建立新型冠状病毒感染信息面板(dashboard),集中展示大流行数据和统计信息,提高了公众和政府对新冠病毒感染疫情的理解与应对能力,并每周为卫生和社会保健大臣提供重要的疫情分析,有效应对了疫情挑战;同时,制定了2023—2033年详细的数据战略,明确了以数据为核心提升公共卫生应对能力的目标;团队整合了来自多个来源的数据,开发了新的数据平台,取代老旧系统,提高了数据共享、可访问性和可视化水平;还建立了数据能力成熟度评估机制,制定并实施具体行动计划,确保数据能力的持续提升,探索将人工智能工具集成到数据操作中,以提高公共卫生决策的效率和准确性、透明度,这些改变均体现了UKHSA在疫情后对数据驱动决策的高度重视[20]。
虽然疾控机构信息化管理部门在新冠疫情防控工作中发挥了突出作用,其重要地位日益凸显,但我国疾控机构信息化管理部门当前仍面临着诸多问题:(1)部分地区或部分疾控中心信息化基础设施落后,投资不足与区域不平衡,甚至尚未建立专门的信息化部门;(2)缺乏既懂业务又懂信息技术、数字技术和智能技术的复合型人才,难以有效推进信息化、数字化、智能化建设;(3)对未来发展建设缺乏规划,各级疾控机构信息化发展建设规划和建设规划制定率低;(4)数据收集、整理、分析和应用能力有待提升,数据质量参差不齐,缺乏有效的数据校验和清洗机制,影响了数据分析结果的准确性和可靠性;(5)现有的信息系统多由不同部门、不同时期开发,缺乏统一的标准和接口规范,导致系统间的集成困难,难以实现跨系统、跨部门的信息共享和协同工作,影响了疫情监测、疾病防控等工作的协同效率;(6)使用大数据、人工智能、云计算等新兴技术和应用创新能力不高,影响了疫情监测分析、病毒溯源、防控救治和资源调配的效率;(7)在数据收集、传输、存储和使用过程中,数据安全保护机制尚不健全,增加了数据泄露的风险,随着信息化建设的推进,网络安全和数据安全问题日益突出。
针对上述问题,我国疾控机构信息化管理部门可借鉴国外相关信息化管理部门建设经验,以及新冠病毒感染疫情处理带给我们的启示,在以下方面加强自身建设:(1)建立长期的信息化、数字化和智能化发展战略规划。审慎制定推进疾控机构信息化、数字化和智能化发展的长期规划路线图,明确未来几年的发展目标、策略和行动计划,确保信息化、数字化和智能化建设与国家公共卫生战略和需求保持一致,促进疾控工作的持续改进和发展。(2)持续加大对信息化管理部门建设的资金投入。建议国家层面稳定持续地加大对基层疾控机构信息化建设的财政支持,特别是对偏远和经济欠发达地区的支持,确保这些地区的疾控信息系统能够有效运行,提升公共卫生事件的响应速度和处理能力。(3)加强人员培训。增加疾控机构信息化管理部门中的信息化、数字化、智能化专业人才,赋予信息化管理部门教育培训的职能;以多种形式对疾控机构信息化管理部门人员进行系统培训,改善相关人员知识结构,提高数据科学素养,以顺应疾控机构信息化工作。(4)加强跨部门信息共享与集成。建立更高效信息共享机制,消除疾控机构间信息孤岛现象,实现数据实时共享和互通;借鉴美国疾控中心经验[19],利用云平台和标准化数据格式,建立跨机构、跨层级数据共享和通信平台,保障信息在公共卫生突发事件中的快速流通。(5)推动智慧疾控体系建设。引入大数据、人工智能、物联网等新技术,提升疾控机构数据抓取、数据处理、数据分析、数据可视化能力,提高信息处理自动化程度;实现业务流程的自动化和智能化,提高工作效率和响应速度;构建智慧疾控平台,实现对疫情的实时监测、预警和管理,提高疾控决策的科学性和有效性。(6)提升公众健康教育和信息传播能力。利用社交媒体、移动应用等现代通信手段,加强与公众的信息交流,提高疫情通报的时效性和透明度,提高公众防疫意识和公众健康意识,传播科学防疫知识,提升应对公共卫生突发事件能力,增强公众对疾控政策和措施的理解和支持;借鉴英国数据分析监控署在新冠疫情期间建设的新型冠状病毒感染信息面板经验[20],集中疫情原始数据和统计数据,供公众和专业人员及时了解疫情相关情况。(7)加强网络安全和数据安全体系建设。加速组织业务信息系统和数据中心IT基础设施的国产化替代,保证供应链安全,阻断网络攻击;推进国产密码(如商用密码)在信息系统中的使用,确保数据传输和存储等环节的安全,避免发生数据泄漏事件;同时,建立安全风险评估制度,完善网络安全应急预案和安全事件管理制度,定期备份重要信息,避免网络攻击导致数据丢失。(8)推动信息化管理部门职能优化和技术创新。进一步优化信息化管理部门职能,统筹数据、应用和网络基础设施管理运维,注重各类信息用户体验,成立网络安全和数据安全专职机构及技术创新部门,最大程度发挥信息化建设效能。
鉴于目前我国疾病预防控制机构信息化管理部门建设的不足和存在较大的发展空间,应参考新冠病毒感染疫情暴发后国内外疾控机构信息化管理部门针对疫情现状作出的变化,聚焦支持与培训、信息技术应用、信息安全等方向,推动我国疾控机构信息化管理部门建设尽快向数字化、智能化转型,以促进我国疾控工作的进一步发展。

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2025年第41卷第1期
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doi: 10.11847/zgggws1145206
  • 接收时间:2024-06-14
  • 首发时间:2026-10-25
  • 出版时间:2025-01-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-14
  • 修回日期:2024-10-22
  • 录用日期:2024-11-11
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    中部战区疾病预防控制中心,北京 100042

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王健,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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