Article(id=1321170021779358407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1321169924697993338, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11847/zgggws1145966, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1726588800000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-18, revisedDate=1734192000000, revisedDateStr=2024-12-15, acceptedDate=1743523200000, acceptedDateStr=2025-04-02, onlineDate=1792921079343, onlineDateStr=2026-10-25, pubDate=1746806400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792921079343, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792921079343, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792921079343, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1321169924697993338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, year='2025', volume='41', issue='5', pageStart='513', pageEnd='640', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1746806400000', pubDateStr='2025-05-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792921056198, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792921056198, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=620, endPage=626, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1321170022148457160, articleId=1321170021779358407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=EN, title=Influencing factors of physical inactivity among children and adolescents: a systematic review, columnId=1320427713148597230, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Public Health, columnName=Review, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the influencing factors of exercise deficiency disorder (EDD) in children and adolescents, with the aim of providing a reference for promoting physical activity and improving physical fitness in Chinese children and adolescents.

Methods

Seven Chinese and English databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, and VIP Database, were searched to identify relevant Chinese and English studies on EDD in children and adolescents published from database inception to August 2023. A systematic literature review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to analyze the factors influencing EDD.

Results

A total of 53 articles with 245777 participants were included. Gender, race/ethnicity, self-efficacy, perceptual ability, motivation to be active, cognitive ability, motor skills, parental support, parental involvement, socio-cultural factors, family support, parental education, parental marital status, peer support, role model, school environment, availability of sports facilities, built environment around the home, urban built environment, geographic region, urban-rural differences, weather conditions are positively correlated with EDD in children and adolescents. Age, weight, sedentary behavior, socioeconomic level, and household income are negatively correlated with EDD in children and adolescents. There is no significant correlation between parenting style, school performance, and EDD in children and adolescents.

Conclusions

EDD in children and adolescents is influenced by factors in five dimensions: demographic and biological factors, psychological cognition and emotions, behavioral characteristics and skills, social and cultural factors, and the physical environment. Relevant authorities should use these factors to guide targeted prevention and intervention efforts to improve the physical activity and health levels of Chinese children and adolescents.

, authors=Chenggen GUO1, 2, Mingyi LIU1, 2, Xiangping ZHENG2, Aona CHEN3, Zhiwei DU1, 2, authorsList=Chenggen GUO, Mingyi LIU, Xiangping ZHENG, Aona CHEN, Zhiwei DU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Mingyi LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
LIU Mingyi, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2025 Chinese Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1321170022790185675, articleId=1321170021779358407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=CN, title=儿童青少年运动缺乏症影响因素研究系统综述, columnId=1320427713358312432, journalTitle=中国公共卫生, columnName=综 述, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分析儿童青少年运动缺乏症(EDD)的影响因素,为促进中国儿童青少年身体活动和体质健康提供参考依据。

方法

检索PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、Cochrane Library、中国知网、万方和维普7个中英文数据库,收集从建库至2024年8月发表的儿童青少年EDD相关中英文文献,对EDD的影响因素进行系统文献综述法分析。

结果

共纳入53篇文献的245 777名受试者。性别、种族/民族、自我效能、感知能力、自主锻炼动机、认知能力、动作技能、父母支持、父母参与、社会文化、家庭支持、父母教育背景、父母婚姻状况、同伴支持、榜样作用、学校环境、体育设施可用性、家庭周边建成环境、城市建筑环境、地理区域、城郊差异、天气状况与儿童青少年EDD呈正相关关系;年龄、体重、久坐行为、社会经济水平和家庭收入与儿童青少年EDD呈负相关关系;抚养方式和学业成绩与儿童青少年EDD之间无明显相关性。

结论

儿童青少年EDD与人口统计学和生物学、心理认知和情感、行为特征和技能、社会和文化、物理环境五类因素有关,相关部门可参考EDD影响因素进行针对性防治或干预,以提高中国儿童青少年身体活动和体质健康水平。

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郭成根(1993—),讲师,博士,研究方向:体能训练与运动健康促进

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柳鸣毅,E-mail:
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Summary of the Consistency of Evidence on Influencing Factors of EDD

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维度相关因素关系类型及研究数量正/负相关研究数比例/%证据一致性
正相关负相关无相关性
人口统计学和生物学因素性别260292.86++
年龄38072.73– –
体重06185.71– –
种族/民族200100.00+
心理、认知和情感因素自我效能300100.00+
感知能力20166.67+
自主锻炼动机700100.00++
认知能力20166.67+
行为特征和技能因素学业成绩0020.000
久坐行为020100.00–
动作技能/能力500100.00++
社会和文化因素父母支持81088.89++
父母参与200100.00+
社会经济水平02050.00–
社会文化200100.00+
抚养方式10150.00?
家庭收入12066.67–
家庭支持20166.67+
父母教育背景62166.67++
父母婚姻状况30175.00++
同伴支持200100.00+
榜样作用200100.00+
物理环境因素学校环境200100.00+
体育设施可用性400100.00++
家庭周边建成环境500100.00++
城市建筑环境300100.00+
地理区域300100.00+
城郊差异200100.00+
天气状况200100.00+
), ArticleFig(id=1321170027231953660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321170021779358407, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

EDD影响因素的证据一致性总结

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维度相关因素关系类型及研究数量正/负相关研究数比例/%证据一致性
正相关负相关无相关性
人口统计学和生物学因素性别260292.86++
年龄38072.73– –
体重06185.71– –
种族/民族200100.00+
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儿童青少年运动缺乏症影响因素研究系统综述
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郭成根 1, 2 , 柳鸣毅 1, 2, *, * , 郑湘平 2 , 陈奥娜 3 , 杜志伟 1, 2
中国公共卫生 | 综 述 2025,41(5): 620-626
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中国公共卫生 |综 述 2025 , 41 (5) : 620 -626
儿童青少年运动缺乏症影响因素研究系统综述
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郭成根1, 2, 柳鸣毅1, 2, *, * , 郑湘平2, 陈奥娜3, 杜志伟1, 2
作者信息
  • 1武汉体育学院中国青少年体育与体教融合公共政策研究中心,武汉 430079
  • 2武汉体育学院运动训练学院,武汉 430079
  • 3武汉理工大学体育学院,武汉 430070
通讯作者:
柳鸣毅,E-mail:
作者简介:

郭成根(1993—),讲师,博士,研究方向:体能训练与运动健康促进

Influencing factors of physical inactivity among children and adolescents: a systematic review
Chenggen GUO1, 2, Mingyi LIU1, 2 , Xiangping ZHENG2, Aona CHEN3, Zhiwei DU1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1Wuhan Sports University, Public Policy Research Center for the Integration of Chinese Youth Sports and Physical Education, Wuhan 430079, China
  • 2Wuhan Sports University, School of Sports Training, Wuhan 430079, China
  • 3Wuhan University of Technology, College of Physical Education, Wuhan 430070, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    LIU Mingyi, E-mail:
出版时间: 2025-05-10 doi: 10.11847/zgggws1145966
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目的

分析儿童青少年运动缺乏症(EDD)的影响因素,为促进中国儿童青少年身体活动和体质健康提供参考依据。

方法

检索PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、Cochrane Library、中国知网、万方和维普7个中英文数据库,收集从建库至2024年8月发表的儿童青少年EDD相关中英文文献,对EDD的影响因素进行系统文献综述法分析。

结果

共纳入53篇文献的245 777名受试者。性别、种族/民族、自我效能、感知能力、自主锻炼动机、认知能力、动作技能、父母支持、父母参与、社会文化、家庭支持、父母教育背景、父母婚姻状况、同伴支持、榜样作用、学校环境、体育设施可用性、家庭周边建成环境、城市建筑环境、地理区域、城郊差异、天气状况与儿童青少年EDD呈正相关关系;年龄、体重、久坐行为、社会经济水平和家庭收入与儿童青少年EDD呈负相关关系;抚养方式和学业成绩与儿童青少年EDD之间无明显相关性。

结论

儿童青少年EDD与人口统计学和生物学、心理认知和情感、行为特征和技能、社会和文化、物理环境五类因素有关,相关部门可参考EDD影响因素进行针对性防治或干预,以提高中国儿童青少年身体活动和体质健康水平。

儿童青少年  /  运动缺乏症  /  影响因素
Objective

To analyze the influencing factors of exercise deficiency disorder (EDD) in children and adolescents, with the aim of providing a reference for promoting physical activity and improving physical fitness in Chinese children and adolescents.

Methods

Seven Chinese and English databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, and VIP Database, were searched to identify relevant Chinese and English studies on EDD in children and adolescents published from database inception to August 2023. A systematic literature review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to analyze the factors influencing EDD.

Results

A total of 53 articles with 245777 participants were included. Gender, race/ethnicity, self-efficacy, perceptual ability, motivation to be active, cognitive ability, motor skills, parental support, parental involvement, socio-cultural factors, family support, parental education, parental marital status, peer support, role model, school environment, availability of sports facilities, built environment around the home, urban built environment, geographic region, urban-rural differences, weather conditions are positively correlated with EDD in children and adolescents. Age, weight, sedentary behavior, socioeconomic level, and household income are negatively correlated with EDD in children and adolescents. There is no significant correlation between parenting style, school performance, and EDD in children and adolescents.

Conclusions

EDD in children and adolescents is influenced by factors in five dimensions: demographic and biological factors, psychological cognition and emotions, behavioral characteristics and skills, social and cultural factors, and the physical environment. Relevant authorities should use these factors to guide targeted prevention and intervention efforts to improve the physical activity and health levels of Chinese children and adolescents.

children and adolescents  /  exercise deficiency disorder  /  Influencing factors
郭成根, 柳鸣毅, 郑湘平, 陈奥娜, 杜志伟. 儿童青少年运动缺乏症影响因素研究系统综述. 中国公共卫生, 2025 , 41 (5) : 620 -626 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1145966
Chenggen GUO, Mingyi LIU, Xiangping ZHENG, Aona CHEN, Zhiwei DU. Influencing factors of physical inactivity among children and adolescents: a systematic review[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2025 , 41 (5) : 620 -626 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1145966
进入21世纪后,由于人类科技和生活方式的改变,身体活动不足导致的健康问题逐渐受到关注。为促进各领域、部门间的融合发展,以应对身体活动不足的全球性公共卫生挑战,2011年,运动缺乏症(exercise deficit disorder,EDD)这一术语被引入医学领域,指“与现行公认健康指南不相符的低水平中高强度身体活动(moderate to vigorous physical activity,MVPA)状态”[1–3]。据《全球身体活动状况报告(2022)》发布数据,我国女生和男生的MVPA不足率分别为89.1%、80.1%,均高于全球平均水平[4]。EDD提示儿童青少年每天应该进行足量MVPA,以避免身体活动不足而引发一系列与健康相关的问题,如超重肥胖、体质下降、心理障碍和代谢疾病等。EDD受多种因素影响,这些因素在结构上具有复杂性,在作用机制上具有交互性,厘清影响EDD的各类因素对于促进儿童青少年的身体活动和体质健康具有重要意义。本研究采用半定量分析法(semi-quantitative analysis)对儿童青少年EDD的影响因素进行系统综述,以期在健康中国背景下为儿童青少年EDD的预防和干预提供参考依据。
遵循《系统综述和荟萃分析优先报告条目》声明[5],在PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、Cochrane Library、中国知网、万方和维普7个中英文数据库进行检索,检索时限均为各数据库建库至2024年8月20日。检索时采用以下与研究主题相关的中英文检索词并运用布尔运算“AND”“OR”进行组合连接。中文检索词:儿童青少年、运动缺乏症、身体活动不足、中高强度身体活动等;英文检索词:children and adolescents、exercise deficit disorder、EDD、physical inactivity、moderate-to-vigorous physical activity、MVPA等。纳入标准:(1)4~18岁儿童青少年,不限国籍和种族。(2)研究主题为EDD或MVPA相关影响因素。(3)发表于中英文核心期刊,时限为建库至2024年8月20日。(4)经过伦理委员会批准且受试者知情同意参与,或者研究数据来源于官方的调研数据库。排除标准:(1)超重肥胖、心脏疾病、智力障碍等特殊儿童青少年。(2)实验类研究、学位论文、会议及摘要。最终纳入文献53篇,其中英文文献 34篇,中文文献19篇。
(1) 数据提取。由2位已获博士学位且具备系统综述文献检索经验的研究人员对纳入文献逐一进行数据提取,当意见不统一时请教经验丰富的教授共同讨论解决。提取资料包括:第一作者、发表年限、国家、研究设计、年龄、样本量、测评工具和EDD影响因素等。(2)EDD影响因素证据一致性判定。将编码某一因素正相关、负相关或无相关研究数量除以总研究数,计算一致性百分率(%)。若该因素与EDD的统计结果在0%~33%,则定义为无相关(0);若在34%~59%,则定义为不明确(?);若在59%~100%,则判定为正相关(+)或负相关(–)[6]。若已对该因素做出初步证据一致性评价判定,且支持正相关、负相或无关的研究数量≥4时,则表明该因素与EDD的一致性强度更高,则依次记为(++)、(– –)和(00)[7]。(3)质量评价。依据《加强流行病学中观察性研究报告质量》(Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology,STROBE)声明和《预后研究质量评价》(Quality In Prognosis Studies,QUIPS)工具对纳入研究进行质量评估[8],以保证本研究的科学性和规范性。评估内容包括研究设计、研究参与者、测评工具、影响因素、数据分析,每项内容用“1”或“0”进行评价。其中,“1”代表研究中明确包含评估内容,“0”代表不确定或没有,然后将5项得分进行累加。总分为5分,0~2分为低质量研究,3~5分为高质量研究。
(1)原始文献关系类型编码。对纳入文献进行编码,如该文献研究的结果证明某一因素与EDD呈正相关,记为“+”;如呈负相关,则记为“–”;如无相关关系,则记为“0”;如关系不确定,则记为“?”。(2)影响因素分类。参照 Sallis J F等[9]分类方法,将EDD影响因素划分为5个维度:①人口统计学和生物学因素;②心理、认知和情感因素;③行为特征和技能因素;④社会和文化因素;⑤物理环境因素。(3)EDD影响因素证据一致性编码及判定。当纳入≥2项研究报告EDD某一影响因素时,则对该因素进行编码,并进行证据一致性判定。若只有1项研究报告EDD的某一影响因素,则该因素不予编码。
通过检索,共搜索到相关文献2 307篇,其中英文1 457篇,中文850篇;通过追踪参考文献补充文献3篇。Endnote 软件去重后获得文献1 860篇。对去重后的文章题目及摘要进行第1轮筛查,得到149篇文献。通过下载阅读全文进行第 2轮筛查,最终纳入文献53篇[10–62]。文献检索流程见图1。
纳入53篇文献中,英文文献占64.15%(34/53)[10–43], 中文文献占35.85%(19/53)[44–62]。按样本来源地区划分,亚洲最多,占50.94%(27/53)[13–15,18,24–25,29–30,44–62],集中在中国;北美洲占20.75%(11/53)[11,17,21,23,26,28,31,33–35,39],包括美国 [11,17,26,34–35,39]和加拿大 [21,23,28,31,33];欧洲占16.98%(9/53),包括英国[20,32,43]、爱沙尼亚 [16,37]、斯洛伐克[27]、葡萄牙[36]、波兰[38]和西班牙[41];大洋洲占7.55%(4/53)[10,19,22,40],主要是澳大利亚[10,19,22,40];南美洲占3.77%(2/53)[12,42],包括智利[12]和巴西[42]。纳入文献样本总量为245 777人,其中样本量>1 000人的研究占35.85%(19/53),样本量在100~999人的占52.83%(28/53),样本量<100人的占11.32%(6/53)。纳入受试者最小年龄4岁,最大年龄18岁。纳入研究中,横断面研究占88.68%(47/53),队列研究占9.43%(5/53),前瞻性研究占1.89%(1/53)。MVPA测评工具包括加速度计、身体活动调查问卷或量表、访谈和智能手环,占比分别是60.38%(32/53)、33.96%(18/53)、3.77%(2/53)和1.89%(1/53)。纳入文献的质量评分在1~5分,其中11.32%(6/53) 的研究评分在0~2分被评为低质量研究,88.68%(47/53)的研究评分在3~5之间被评为高质量研究。
如表1所示,经文献编码与统计,EDD影响因素可划分为人口统计学和生物学因素(31篇)、心理认知和情感因素(13篇)、行为特征和技能因素(8篇)、社会和文化因素(25篇)、物理环境因素(18篇)。5个维度,共包括29个变量。其中,与EDD呈正相关的因素有性别、种族/民族、自我效能、感知能力、自主锻炼动机、认知能力、动作技能/能力、父母支持、父母参与、社会文化、家庭支持、父母教育背景、父母婚姻状况、同伴支持、榜样作用、学校环境、体育设施可用性、家庭周边建成环境、城市建筑环境、地理区域、城郊差异和天气状况;与EDD呈负相关的因素有年龄、体重、久坐行为、社会经济水平和家庭收入;未发现抚养方式和学业成绩与EDD之间存在相关性。
本研究共纳入儿童青少年EDD的五类影响因素包含29个变量,多数变量取得了较强的证据一致性关系,少数影响因素的研究不多,积累仍需加强。
人口统计学和生物学相关因素方面,性别(男)与EDD呈正相关关系,与世界多国研究结果基本一致[63]。这可能与性别角色定位、家庭体育环境、参与活动类型、自我效能感、传统体育观念和生理机制等因素有关[43]。年龄与EDD呈负相关关系,可能是因为随着年龄和学段增加,儿童青少年课后作业增多、学业负担增大,导致参与MVPA的时间缩短[53]。种族/民族是儿童青少年EDD重要的影响因素,可能与当地经济发展、社会支持、生活习惯、运动条件等因素有关[56,64]。体重/BMI与EDD呈负相关关系,与先前研究结果一致[38],这可能与超重肥胖儿童青少年运动技能熟练度差、身体感知能力弱以及同伴认可度低等有关[36]。如超重肥胖儿童青少年容易受到同伴嘲笑或对个人身体形象产生过度关注,导致体育参与降低。此外,本研究还发现,母亲孕期肥胖或超重可能会增加子女的肥胖风险,进而影响日后MVPA时长[38],提示孕期母亲应该适当控制体重,避免体重增长过快。
纳入研究有16项涉及心理、认识和情感影响因素。自我效能感是提升个体努力水平的重要变量[65]。体适能、运动技能水平越高,儿童青少年自我效能感越强,从而参与MVPA的努力程度越大。此外,自我效能理论认为认知、环境和行为结果可强化自我效能进而促进MVPA参与度[61]。自我感知能力属于心理学概念,指个体对于执行并完成相应运动技能的意识和信念,与儿童青少年MVPA密切相关。如在参与身体活动时,男生MVPA明显高于女生,可能与女生在参与身体活动方面感知身体能力较男生保守有关[16]。儿童青少年在成长过程中,自我感知能力对身体活动水平具有一定的预测作用,是影响其MVPA参与度和持续性的潜在机制之一[60]。锻炼动机(exercise motivation)能够激发、维持、调节个体进行身体活动,是个体将身体活动行为付诸实践的直接原因与内部动力[66]。家庭体育环境、父母支持和健身设备的可用性会影响自主锻炼动机,进而影响青少年MVPA水平[13]。3项研究探讨了青少年认知能力与MVPA的关系,尽管有66.67%证据认为两者之间存在一致性关系,但纳入研究数量有限,证据的可靠性仍有待后续进一步考量。
在行为特征和技能因素方面,有9项研究涉及学业成绩、久坐行为和动作技能水平。系统综述显示,儿童青少年的动作能力与身体活动水平密切联系,动作能力水平较高者更喜欢参与高强度的身体活动[67],这与本研究结果基本一致。辛飞[57]研究也发现,中国澳门6~10岁儿童动作技能与其MVPA水平呈显著正相关。但有研究认为,动作技能包括移动技能、控制和稳定性技能,而仅物体控制技能与MVPA具有相关关系[68]。也有研究认为,动作技能对身体活动的影响可能受性别和年龄的调节作用[58]。因此,动作技能与EDD之间深层次的关系仍需更多研究进一步探讨。本研究发现久坐时间与MVPA之间存在一定的负相关关系,这与Gomes T N等[36]结果基本一致,表明MVPA水平高的青少年,其久坐时间也较少。Newton R L等[69]发现,与中等久坐行为的儿童相比,久坐时间较短的非裔美国男生在MVPA中花费的时间更多,进一步证实了两者之间的关系。先前研究认为身体活动与学业成绩之间存在密切关联性[70],本研究不支持这一结果。这可能与学业考试的方式(如学术成绩和标准化考试)不同有关。学术成绩不仅与学术能力有关,还与学校环境、学术教育的质量和数量、家庭环境等有关系[42]。此外,学业成绩的类型也比较多,例如语言、科学、数学等,这些也可能影响研究结果。
本研究显示,社会和文化相关因素共涉及40项研究,证据相对充分。行为理论认为,个体锻炼行为改变需要经历意识、准备、行动和维持等阶段[49]。因此,父母支持,如给予积极的锻炼态度、提供充足的运动经费、关心子女的运动情况和树立榜样作用能够对MVPA产生促进作用[48]。研究发现,父母教育背景与儿童青少年MVPA呈正相关关系,这与吴艳宇等[56]研究结果基本一致。其原因可能是家长受教育程度越高,通常具备更高的锻炼认知水平以及健康素养[46,52]。受家庭结构组成、测量方式和家庭文化等因素的影响[31,49],抚养方式对儿童青少年MVPA的影响尚存争议,未来需更多研究分析。本研究发现家庭收入与MVPA呈负相关,其原因可能与社会经济水平有关,比如农村低收入家庭的子女可能需要参与更多MVPA帮助父母完成家务劳动[20]。此外,社会经济水平差的地区,交通工具相对缺乏,步行、自行车等出行方式更多,而经济水平好的地区往往拥有机动车的概率较高,这些因素也影响儿童青少年MVPA[54]。单亲家庭的学生更容易MVPA不足,可能与缺乏父母尤其是父亲的陪伴和督促有关[62]。同伴支持直接影响儿童青少年身体活动,其机制可能与内摄动机和自我效能的中介效应有关[44]。
在物理环境相关因素方面,研究发现,学校和社区的健身设施可用性越高,家庭运动器材和场地越充足,儿童青少年MVPA行为越积极,这一证据可为相关政策的制定提供参考。城市建筑密度、交通站点数量、家庭到商业区的距离等与儿童青少年MVPA存在相关性[24],因此优化城市的建筑设计是提高儿童青少年MVPA的关键因素。不同地理区域儿童青少年MVPA存在显著差异,中国华北地区最低,华东地区最高[53]。需要注意的是,儿童青少年多数关于环境因素与MVPA测评方式的研究主要源自主观报告,这些多是反映对环境影响的感知特征,而非实际特征,存在一定的局限性,未来建议利用客观测量方式(如加速度计),来跟踪提高环境因素影响的证据力度。
综上,儿童青少年EDD与人口统计学和生物学、心理认知和情感、行为特征和技能、社会和文化、物理环境五类影响因素有关。性别、种族/民族、自我效能、感知能力、自主锻炼动机、认知能力、动作技能、父母支持、父母参与、社会文化、家庭支持、父母教育背景、父母婚姻状况、同伴支持、榜样作用、学校环境、体育设施可用性、家庭周边建成环境、城市建筑环境、地理区域、城郊差异、天气状况与儿童青少年EDD呈正相关关系;年龄、体重、久坐行为、社会经济水平和家庭收入与儿童青少年EDD呈负相关关系。相关部门可参考EDD影响因素进行针对性防治或干预,以提高中国儿童青少年的身体活动和体质健康水平。

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2025年第41卷第5期
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doi: 10.11847/zgggws1145966
  • 接收时间:2024-09-18
  • 首发时间:2026-10-25
  • 出版时间:2025-05-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-18
  • 修回日期:2024-12-15
  • 录用日期:2025-04-02
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    1武汉体育学院中国青少年体育与体教融合公共政策研究中心,武汉 430079
    2武汉体育学院运动训练学院,武汉 430079
    3武汉理工大学体育学院,武汉 430070

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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