Article(id=1321169798378139678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1321169735128043598, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11847/zgggws1146664, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1734019200000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-13, revisedDate=1741622400000, revisedDateStr=2025-03-11, acceptedDate=1746806400000, acceptedDateStr=2025-05-10, onlineDate=1792921026080, onlineDateStr=2026-10-25, pubDate=1752076800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792921026080, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792921026080, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792921026080, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1321169735128043598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, year='2025', volume='41', issue='7', pageStart='769', pageEnd='896', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1752076800000', pubDateStr='2025-07-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792921011000, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792921011000, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=829, endPage=833, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1321169798571077663, articleId=1321169798378139678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=EN, title=Relationship between resting heart rate and metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and elderly individuals in plateau regions, columnId=1320427686514770171, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Public Health, columnName=Survey and Report, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the relationship between resting heart rate (RHR) and metabolic syndrome (MS) in middle-aged and elderly individuals residing in plateau regions, and to provide new scientific evidence for elucidating the influence of RHR on the mechanism of MS.

Methods

From June 2021 to December 2022, a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was employed to select 6 269 middle-aged and elderly individuals in Xizang Autonomous Region. Based on the quartile distribution of RHR, the participants were divided into four groups: Q1 (RHR < 66.5 beats/min), Q2 (66.5 ≤ RHR ≤ 73.0 beats/min), Q3 (73.1 ≤ RHR ≤ 80.5 beats/min), and Q4 (RHR > 80.5 beats/min). Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to explore the potential association between RHR and MS.

Results

The overall prevalence of MS among the 6 269 middle-aged and elderly individuals was 22.35%. The prevalence varied across different RHR groups: 17.12% in Q1, 20.24% in Q2, 22.77% in Q3, and 29.48% in Q4, with statistically significant differences (χ2 = 74.934, P < 0.001). After adjusting for sex, age, alcohol consumption, and body mass index (BMI), compared with the RHR < 66.5 beats/min group, the risk of MS was significantly elevated in the 73.1 ≤ RHR ≤ 80.5 beats/min group (OR = 1.371, 95%CI: 1.121 - 1.678) and substantially increased in the RHR > 80.5 beats/min group (OR = 2.027, 95%CI: 1.672 - 2.482). Stratified analysis by sex and age revealed that in males, the risk of MS increased by 37.0% (OR = 1.370, 95%CI: 1.024 - 1.832) and 137.9% (OR = 2.379, 95%CI: 1.803 - 3.139) in the 73.1 ≤ RHR ≤ 80.5 beats/min and RHR > 80.5 beats/min groups, respectively. In females, the corresponding risks increased by 36.6% (OR = 1.366, 95%CI: 1.030 - 1.810) and 76.4% (OR = 1.764, 95%CI:1.328 - 2.343), respectively. When RHR > 80.5 beats/min, the risk of MS was significantly elevated in all age groups except for the 70 - 75 age group, with the highest risk observed in the 40 - 49 age group (OR = 2.777, 95%CI: 1.922 - 4.010).

Conclusions

An RHR > 80.5 beats/min significantly increases the risk of MS in middle-aged and elderly individuals in plateau regions, with higher risks observed in males and individuals aged 40 - 49. RHR may be an important predictor of MS, and further investigation into its influence mechanisms in different populations is warranted.

, authors=Yue YU1, 2, Quzhen JINMEI1, Guoxia BAI1, Chunxia YANG2, Jieru PENG2, Bing PANG2, Zongji ZHAXI1, Jing LU3, authorsList=Yue YU, Quzhen JINMEI, Guoxia BAI, Chunxia YANG, Jieru PENG, Bing PANG, Zongji ZHAXI, Jing LU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jing LU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
LU Jing, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2025 Chinese Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1321169798956953632, articleId=1321169798378139678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=CN, title=西藏高原地区中老年人静息心率与代谢性综合征关系, columnId=1320427686770622717, journalTitle=中国公共卫生, columnName=调查报告与分析, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探究高原地区中老年人静息心率( RHR) 与代谢综合征(MS)之间的关系,为阐明静息心率对代谢综合征的影响机制提供科学依据。

方法

于2021年6月—2022年12月,采用多阶段随机整群抽样方法,在西藏地区选取6 269名中老年人作为研究对象,根据静息心率的四分位数分布,将研究对象分为Q1组RHR<66.5、Q2组66.5≤RHR ≤73.0、Q3组73.1≤RHR≤80.5和Q4组RHR>80.5 次/分 4组,通过非条件logistic回归分析,探究静息心率与代谢综合征之间的潜在联系。

结果

6 269名中老年人代谢综合征总体患病率为22.35%,不同静息心率组患病率不同,Q1~Q4组分别为17.12%、20.24%、22.77%和29.48%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=74.934,P<0.001);在调整了性别、年龄、饮酒及体质量指数(BMI)后,与RHR<66.5次/分组相比,73.1≤RHR≤80.5 次/分组的代谢综合征患病风险显著上升(OR=1.371,95%CI= 1.121~1.678),而RHR>80.5 次/分组的患病风险大幅增加(OR=2.027,95%CI=1.672~2.482)。性别和年龄分层分析显示,男性73.1≤RHR≤80.5次/分和RHR>80.5次/分组的患病风险分别增加37.0%(OR= 1.370,95%CI=1.024~1.832)和137.9%(OR=2.379,95%CI=1.803~3.139);女性相应风险分别增加36.6%(OR=1.366,95%CI=1.030~1.810)和76.4%(OR=1.764,95%CI=1.328~2.343)。当RHR>80.5次/分时,除70~75岁人群外,其他年龄组的代谢综合征患病风险均显著升高,其中40~49岁人群的患病风险最高(OR=2.777,95%CI=1.922~4.010)。

结论

高原地区中老年人静息心率若>80.5 次/分会显著增加代谢综合征的患病风险,且男性及40~49岁人群患病风险更高;静息心率可能是代谢综合征的重要预测指标,需要进一步关注其在不同人群中的影响机制。

, authors=于跃1, 2, 晋美曲珍1, 白国霞1, 杨春霞2, 彭介入2, 庞冰2, 扎西宗吉1, 卢晶3, *, *, authorsList=于跃, 晋美曲珍, 白国霞, 杨春霞, 彭介入, 庞冰, 扎西宗吉, 卢晶, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=卢晶, authorNote=

于跃(1989—),主治医师,硕士在读,研究方向:慢性非传染性疾病防制

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卢晶,E-mail:
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Distribution of different characteristics about sex, age, urban and rural , degree of education, smoke, alcohol consumption, BMI, central obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and MS among the middle-aged and elderly populations at high altitude in different resting heart rate (RHR) groups

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特征分类Q1组(n=1 606)Q2组(n=1 576)Q3组(n=1 537)Q4组(n=1 550)χ2值P值
人数占比/%人数占比/%人数占比/%人数占比/%
性别男性75348.8966342.0761039.6971346.0021.724<0.001
女性85353.1191357.9392760.3183754.00
年龄/岁40~4956935.4353233.7651733.6448931.5511.736a<0.001
50~5960937.9257536.4858438.0053634.58
60~6931919.8636222.9732220.9540526.13
70~751096.791076.791147.421207.74
城乡城区23314.5124915.8024515.9419712.718.3230.040
农牧区137385.49132784.20129284.06135387.29
文化程度初中以下137685.68133884.90129984.52131084.521.1150.773
初中及以上23014.3223815.1023815.4824015.48
吸烟否151094.02147993.85144794.14142792.067.3550.061
是965.98976.15905.861237.94
饮酒否149493.03145792.45139090.44138289.1618.996<0.001
是1126.971197.551479.5616810.84
BMI≥24.0否86653.9279250.2574148.2175548.7112.6840.005
是74046.0878449.7579651.7979551.29
中心型肥胖否87754.6180851.2775549.1269744.9730.825<0.001
是72945.3976848.7378250.8885355.03
高血压否88855.2981251.5273747.9564841.8162.115<0.001
是71844.7176448.4880052.0590258.19
糖尿病否135584.37133384.58124981.26121578.3927.583<0.001
是25115.6324315.4228818.7433521.61
血脂异常否126778.89124278.81117476.38113573.2318.791<0.001
是33921.1133421.1936323.6241526.77
MS否133182.88125779.76118777.23109370.5274.934<0.001
是27517.1231920.2435022.7745729.48
), ArticleFig(id=1321169805000945756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321169798378139678, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同RHR 组别高原中老年人群不同特征分布

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特征分类Q1组(n=1 606)Q2组(n=1 576)Q3组(n=1 537)Q4组(n=1 550)χ2值P值
人数占比/%人数占比/%人数占比/%人数占比/%
性别男性75348.8966342.0761039.6971346.0021.724<0.001
女性85353.1191357.9392760.3183754.00
年龄/岁40~4956935.4353233.7651733.6448931.5511.736a<0.001
50~5960937.9257536.4858438.0053634.58
60~6931919.8636222.9732220.9540526.13
70~751096.791076.791147.421207.74
城乡城区23314.5124915.8024515.9419712.718.3230.040
农牧区137385.49132784.20129284.06135387.29
文化程度初中以下137685.68133884.90129984.52131084.521.1150.773
初中及以上23014.3223815.1023815.4824015.48
吸烟否151094.02147993.85144794.14142792.067.3550.061
是965.98976.15905.861237.94
饮酒否149493.03145792.45139090.44138289.1618.996<0.001
是1126.971197.551479.5616810.84
BMI≥24.0否86653.9279250.2574148.2175548.7112.6840.005
是74046.0878449.7579651.7979551.29
中心型肥胖否87754.6180851.2775549.1269744.9730.825<0.001
是72945.3976848.7378250.8885355.03
高血压否88855.2981251.5273747.9564841.8162.115<0.001
是71844.7176448.4880052.0590258.19
糖尿病否135584.37133384.58124981.26121578.3927.583<0.001
是25115.6324315.4228818.7433521.61
血脂异常否126778.89124278.81117476.38113573.2318.791<0.001
是33921.1133421.1936323.6241526.77
MS否133182.88125779.76118777.23109370.5274.934<0.001
是27517.1231920.2435022.7745729.48
), ArticleFig(id=1321169805093220445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321169798378139678, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

MS prevalence in middle-aged and elderly individuals residing at high altitudes with different characteristics of about sex, age, urban and rural , degree of education, smoke, alcohol consumption and BMI.

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特征分类总人数患病数患病率/%χ2值P值
性别男性273975927.7180.613<0.001
女性353064218.19
年龄/岁40~49210735416.8048.816a<0.001
50~59230456624.57
60~69140835124.93
70~7545013028.89
城乡城区92422524.352.5040.114
农牧区5345117622.00
文化程度初中以下5323116821.943.3430.067
初中及以上94623324.63
吸烟否5863132622.623.5220.061
是4067518.47
饮酒否5723130022.725.1080.024
是54610118.50
BMI<24.031541524.821123.863<0.001
≥24.03115124940.10
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不同特征高原中老年人 MS 患病情况

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特征分类总人数患病数患病率/%χ2值P值
性别男性273975927.7180.613<0.001
女性353064218.19
年龄/岁40~49210735416.8048.816a<0.001
50~59230456624.57
60~69140835124.93
70~7545013028.89
城乡城区92422524.352.5040.114
农牧区5345117622.00
文化程度初中以下5323116821.943.3430.067
初中及以上94623324.63
吸烟否5863132622.623.5220.061
是4067518.47
饮酒否5723130022.725.1080.024
是54610118.50
BMI<24.031541524.821123.863<0.001
≥24.03115124940.10
), ArticleFig(id=1321169805281964127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321169798378139678, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Results of model analysis of the influence of different resting heart rate (RHR) groups on the risk of metabolic syndrome

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变量参照组Q2组Q3组Q4组P值
OR值95%CIOR值95%CIOR值95%CI
模型1Q11.2881.024~1.469b1.4271.197~1.702b2.0241.708~2.398b<0.001
模型2Q11.2581.050~1.508b1.4821.239~1.771b2.0301.710~2.411b<0.001
模型3Q11.2591.050~1.508b1.5031.257~1.797b2.0541.729~2.440b<0.001
模型4Q11.1660.952~1.4291.3711.121~1.678b2.0271.672~2.482b<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1321169805353267296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321169798378139678, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同RHR 分组对代谢综合征患病风险的影响模型分析结果

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变量参照组Q2组Q3组Q4组P值
OR值95%CIOR值95%CIOR值95%CI
模型1Q11.2881.024~1.469b1.4271.197~1.702b2.0241.708~2.398b<0.001
模型2Q11.2581.050~1.508b1.4821.239~1.771b2.0301.710~2.411b<0.001
模型3Q11.2591.050~1.508b1.5031.257~1.797b2.0541.729~2.440b<0.001
模型4Q11.1660.952~1.4291.3711.121~1.678b2.0271.672~2.482b<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1321169805445541985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321169798378139678, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Results of stratified logistic regression analysis of the association between RHR and the risk of metabolic syndrome by sex and age

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量分类Q2组Q3组Q4组
OR值95%CIOR值95%CIOR值95%CI
性别c
男性1.2110.912~1.6091.3701.024~1.832b2.3791.803~3.139b
女性1.1050.825~1.4801.3661.030~1.810b1.7641.328~2.343b
年龄d/岁40~491.1170.756~1.6511.4140.963~2.0762.7771.922~4.010b
50~591.1410.826~1.5741.3831.011~1.893b2.1651.577~2.971b
60~691.2460.828~1.8731.4630.959~2.2341.5231.024~2.267b
70~751.2290.567~2.6641.0520.494~2.2421.1600.543~2.476
), ArticleFig(id=1321169805529428066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321169798378139678, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

RHR 与代谢综合征患病风险的性别和年龄分层 logistic 回归分析模型分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量分类Q2组Q3组Q4组
OR值95%CIOR值95%CIOR值95%CI
性别c
男性1.2110.912~1.6091.3701.024~1.832b2.3791.803~3.139b
女性1.1050.825~1.4801.3661.030~1.810b1.7641.328~2.343b
年龄d/岁40~491.1170.756~1.6511.4140.963~2.0762.7771.922~4.010b
50~591.1410.826~1.5741.3831.011~1.893b2.1651.577~2.971b
60~691.2460.828~1.8731.4630.959~2.2341.5231.024~2.267b
70~751.2290.567~2.6641.0520.494~2.2421.1600.543~2.476
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西藏高原地区中老年人静息心率与代谢性综合征关系
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于跃 1, 2 , 晋美曲珍 1 , 白国霞 1 , 杨春霞 2 , 彭介入 2 , 庞冰 2 , 扎西宗吉 1 , 卢晶 3, *, *
中国公共卫生 | 调查报告与分析 2025,41(7): 829-833
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中国公共卫生 |调查报告与分析 2025 , 41 (7) : 829 -833
西藏高原地区中老年人静息心率与代谢性综合征关系
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于跃1, 2, 晋美曲珍1, 白国霞1, 杨春霞2, 彭介入2, 庞冰2, 扎西宗吉1, 卢晶3, *, *
作者信息
  • 1西藏自治区疾病预防控制中心,拉萨 850000
  • 2四川大学华西公共卫生学院 四川大学华西第四医院,成都 610041
  • 3武警西藏总队医院,拉萨 850000
通讯作者:
卢晶,E-mail:
作者简介:

于跃(1989—),主治医师,硕士在读,研究方向:慢性非传染性疾病防制

Relationship between resting heart rate and metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and elderly individuals in plateau regions
Yue YU1, 2, Quzhen JINMEI1, Guoxia BAI1, Chunxia YANG2, Jieru PENG2, Bing PANG2, Zongji ZHAXI1, Jing LU3
Affiliations
  • 1Xizang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa 850000, China
  • 2West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University; West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
  • 3Armed Police Xizang General Hospital, Lhasa 850000, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    LU Jing, E-mail:
出版时间: 2025-07-10 doi: 10.11847/zgggws1146664
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目的

探究高原地区中老年人静息心率( RHR) 与代谢综合征(MS)之间的关系,为阐明静息心率对代谢综合征的影响机制提供科学依据。

方法

于2021年6月—2022年12月,采用多阶段随机整群抽样方法,在西藏地区选取6 269名中老年人作为研究对象,根据静息心率的四分位数分布,将研究对象分为Q1组RHR<66.5、Q2组66.5≤RHR ≤73.0、Q3组73.1≤RHR≤80.5和Q4组RHR>80.5 次/分 4组,通过非条件logistic回归分析,探究静息心率与代谢综合征之间的潜在联系。

结果

6 269名中老年人代谢综合征总体患病率为22.35%,不同静息心率组患病率不同,Q1~Q4组分别为17.12%、20.24%、22.77%和29.48%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=74.934,P<0.001);在调整了性别、年龄、饮酒及体质量指数(BMI)后,与RHR<66.5次/分组相比,73.1≤RHR≤80.5 次/分组的代谢综合征患病风险显著上升(OR=1.371,95%CI= 1.121~1.678),而RHR>80.5 次/分组的患病风险大幅增加(OR=2.027,95%CI=1.672~2.482)。性别和年龄分层分析显示,男性73.1≤RHR≤80.5次/分和RHR>80.5次/分组的患病风险分别增加37.0%(OR= 1.370,95%CI=1.024~1.832)和137.9%(OR=2.379,95%CI=1.803~3.139);女性相应风险分别增加36.6%(OR=1.366,95%CI=1.030~1.810)和76.4%(OR=1.764,95%CI=1.328~2.343)。当RHR>80.5次/分时,除70~75岁人群外,其他年龄组的代谢综合征患病风险均显著升高,其中40~49岁人群的患病风险最高(OR=2.777,95%CI=1.922~4.010)。

结论

高原地区中老年人静息心率若>80.5 次/分会显著增加代谢综合征的患病风险,且男性及40~49岁人群患病风险更高;静息心率可能是代谢综合征的重要预测指标,需要进一步关注其在不同人群中的影响机制。

静息心率  /  代谢综合征  /  高原地区  /  中老年人
Objective

To investigate the relationship between resting heart rate (RHR) and metabolic syndrome (MS) in middle-aged and elderly individuals residing in plateau regions, and to provide new scientific evidence for elucidating the influence of RHR on the mechanism of MS.

Methods

From June 2021 to December 2022, a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was employed to select 6 269 middle-aged and elderly individuals in Xizang Autonomous Region. Based on the quartile distribution of RHR, the participants were divided into four groups: Q1 (RHR < 66.5 beats/min), Q2 (66.5 ≤ RHR ≤ 73.0 beats/min), Q3 (73.1 ≤ RHR ≤ 80.5 beats/min), and Q4 (RHR > 80.5 beats/min). Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to explore the potential association between RHR and MS.

Results

The overall prevalence of MS among the 6 269 middle-aged and elderly individuals was 22.35%. The prevalence varied across different RHR groups: 17.12% in Q1, 20.24% in Q2, 22.77% in Q3, and 29.48% in Q4, with statistically significant differences (χ2 = 74.934, P < 0.001). After adjusting for sex, age, alcohol consumption, and body mass index (BMI), compared with the RHR < 66.5 beats/min group, the risk of MS was significantly elevated in the 73.1 ≤ RHR ≤ 80.5 beats/min group (OR = 1.371, 95%CI: 1.121 - 1.678) and substantially increased in the RHR > 80.5 beats/min group (OR = 2.027, 95%CI: 1.672 - 2.482). Stratified analysis by sex and age revealed that in males, the risk of MS increased by 37.0% (OR = 1.370, 95%CI: 1.024 - 1.832) and 137.9% (OR = 2.379, 95%CI: 1.803 - 3.139) in the 73.1 ≤ RHR ≤ 80.5 beats/min and RHR > 80.5 beats/min groups, respectively. In females, the corresponding risks increased by 36.6% (OR = 1.366, 95%CI: 1.030 - 1.810) and 76.4% (OR = 1.764, 95%CI:1.328 - 2.343), respectively. When RHR > 80.5 beats/min, the risk of MS was significantly elevated in all age groups except for the 70 - 75 age group, with the highest risk observed in the 40 - 49 age group (OR = 2.777, 95%CI: 1.922 - 4.010).

Conclusions

An RHR > 80.5 beats/min significantly increases the risk of MS in middle-aged and elderly individuals in plateau regions, with higher risks observed in males and individuals aged 40 - 49. RHR may be an important predictor of MS, and further investigation into its influence mechanisms in different populations is warranted.

resting heart rate  /  metabolic syndrome  /  plateau region  /  middle-aged and elderly individuals
于跃, 晋美曲珍, 白国霞, 杨春霞, 彭介入, 庞冰, 扎西宗吉, 卢晶. 西藏高原地区中老年人静息心率与代谢性综合征关系. 中国公共卫生, 2025 , 41 (7) : 829 -833 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1146664
Yue YU, Quzhen JINMEI, Guoxia BAI, Chunxia YANG, Jieru PENG, Bing PANG, Zongji ZHAXI, Jing LU. Relationship between resting heart rate and metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and elderly individuals in plateau regions[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2025 , 41 (7) : 829 -833 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1146664
代谢综合征(metabolic syndrome, MS)是一组常见的临床综合征,主要涉及腹型肥胖、糖代谢异常、脂类代谢紊乱和高血压;作为该疾病病理机制的主要因素,胰岛素抵抗起着至关重要的作用,同时内脏型肥胖也是其最常见的临床征象[1]。相关研究指出,MS被视为导致多种心脑血管疾病及恶性肿瘤的关键诱因,涉及冠心病、脑卒中、糖尿病、胰腺癌,还有与性激素水平相关联的前列腺癌、乳腺癌等癌症,对人类身体健康及生活质量等带来巨大威胁,全球目前有超过10亿人受到 MS的影响[1 – 4]。静息心率(rest heart rate, RHR)是一个简便易测的生理指标,被认为属于自主神经系统的一部分,与脑卒中、心血管疾病、癌症等患病及死亡风险相关,同时,自主神经系统在维持能量稳态的代谢调节中扮演着关键角色[5–6]。近年来,有研究指出RHR可能与MS相关[7–9],但国内尤其是高原地区的相关研究匮乏。本研究以2021年6月—2022年12月西藏自治区“心血管病高危人群早期筛查与综合干预项目”筛查人群为对象,分析高原地区中老年人RHR与MS的关系,为阐明RHR对代谢综合征的影响机制提供依据。
于2021年6月—2022年12月,采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法抽取调查对象。本调查参考西藏中老年人代谢综合征患病现状及危险因素分析中代谢综合征患病率(22.41%)[10],基于统计学公式计算出理论样本量为5 320人。抽样分3个阶段进行,第1阶段在西藏自治区7市(地)地中各随机抽取1个区/县,共抽取7个区/县;第2阶段在被抽中的区/县中各自随机抽取4个街道/乡;第3阶段在抽中街道/乡中整群抽取连续居住≥6个月、年龄≥40岁常住居民作为对象,实际调查6 542人。剔除腰围、血脂、血糖、RHR 等数据不完整及异常数据后,最终有6 269人纳入分析,有效率为95.83%。根据静息心率的四分位数分布,将研究对象划分为4组:RHR<66.5次/分为Q1组(1 606人)、66.5≤RHR ≤73.0次/分为Q2组(1 576人)、73.1≤RHR≤80.5次/分为Q3组(1 537人)、RHR>80.5 次/分为Q4组(1 550人)。本研究实施前已取得阜外医院伦理委员会审批通过(2014-574),研究对象均自愿签署知情同意书。
使用国家心血管病中心统一制定的调查问卷,由接受过国家及省级两级培训的调查员进行面对面调查,问卷主要内容包括基本信息(性别、年龄等)、疾病史、吸烟、饮酒、腰围、血压测量等。现场先签知情同意书并进行问卷调查,然后进行体格检查及血压测量等。采用身高体重仪测量身高及体重,测量时要求被测者脱鞋帽及厚外套,并清空口袋中的物品。血压测量前被调查者需要在安静环境中休息至少5 min,需要测量2次右上臂血压,测量值相差<10 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 3 kPa),取2次平均值作为最终血压值,同时使用电子血压监测仪采集心率读数,取2次读数的平均值作为RHR。
测量血压等后,由专业医技人员在调查现场采集调查对象空腹外周静脉血用于检测空腹血糖、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇等指标。所有检测仪器及试剂均按照国家心血管病中心的要求采购,血糖检测采用PD-G001-2型血糖仪(中国台湾勤立生物科技股份有限公司),血脂则使用Cardiocheck PA干式血脂检测(美国 Polymer Technology Systems公司)仪检测。
高血压指收缩压≥140 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 KPa)和/或舒张压≥90 mmHg或自报服用降血压药物[10]。糖尿病指空腹血糖≥7.0 mmol/L,或自报服用降血糖药物[11];超重指24.0≤体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)<28.0,肥胖指BMI≥28.0[12]。代谢综合征(MS)判定标准采用中华医学会糖尿病分会的诊断标准[11],具有以下≥3项特征者即为MS患者:(1)中心性肥胖:腰围男性≥90 cm、女性≥85 cm;(2)血压异常:收缩压≥130 mmHg和(或)舒张压≥85 mmHg,或已确诊为高血压并治疗者;(3)血糖异常:空腹血糖≥6.1 mmol/L和(或)已确诊为糖尿病并治疗者;(4)总胆固醇≥1.70 mmol/L;(5)高密度脂蛋白胆固醇<1.04 mmol/L。吸烟指每天至少吸1支,且持续≥6个月[13];饮酒指每周至少有1次饮酒行为[14]。
参与项目的调查人员需经过国家及省级2次技术培训;现场审核调查问卷的有效性及逻辑性,确保无误后,由双人录入系统。
采用SPSS 27.0软件对数据进行整理与分析。定性资料使用百分比表述;组间差异采用χ2检验或趋势χ2检验。运用logistic回归模型评估各因素与结果之间的关联强度。检验水准α=0.05。
6 269名调查对象中男性2 739人(43.69%),女性3 530人(56.31%);年龄为40~75岁,平均年龄为(54.46±9.21)岁,其中40~49岁2 107人(33.61%),50~59岁2 304人(36.75%),60~69岁1 408人(22.46%),70~75岁450人(7.18%);城区924人(14.74%),农牧区5 345人(85.26%);受教育程度初中及以下5 323人(84.91%);吸烟406人(6.48%),饮酒546人(8.71%),超重或肥胖3 115人(49.69%),中心性肥胖3 132人(49.96%),高血压3 184例(50.79%),糖尿病1 117例(17.82%),血脂异常1 451例(23.15%),代谢综合征1 401例(22.35%)。不同RHR分组人群在不同性别、年龄、城乡、BMI,饮酒、中心性肥胖、高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常、MS患病比较面差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。
共筛查出MS患者1 401例,患病率为22.35%;不同性别、BMI、饮酒情况高原地区中老年人MS患病率不同,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),MS患病率随着年龄增长而升高。
以代谢综合征(MS)是否患病为因变量(0=未患病,1=患病),将单因素分析中具有统计学意义的性别、年龄、饮酒情况及BMI作为自变量纳入模型分析。模型1为基础模型,未进行任何变量调整;模型2在基础模型上,进一步调整了性别和年龄2个变量;模型3在模型2的基础上调整饮酒;模型4在模型3的基础上调整了BMI。结果显示,4个模型均P<0.01。模型1、2、3中,与参照组Q1组相比,Q2、Q3和Q4组的MS患病风险均显著增加。模型4中,进一步调整BMI后,与Q1组相比,Q3组(OR=1.371,95%CI=1.121~1.678)和Q4组(OR=2.027,95%CI=1.672~2.482)的MS患病风险分别增加37.1%和102.7%,Q2组差异无统计学意义。
性别分层分析结果显示,与Q1组(参照组)相比,Q3和Q4组的男性MS患病风险均显著增加,Q4组患病风险增加137.9%;Q3和Q4组女性MS患病风险也有所上升,但增幅略低于男性。年龄分层分析显示,Q3和Q4组的50~59岁年龄段人群MS患病风险显著增加,而在40~49岁和60~69岁人群中,仅Q4组的风险显著上升。70~75岁人群的RHR与MS患病风险无显著关联。
本研究探讨了高原地区中老年人群RHR与MS患病风险之间的关系,结果显示,当RHR≥73.1次/分时,MS的患病风险显著增加,这一结果与既往研究结果相似[15–17]。关于RHR与MS患病风险之间的关联,国内外研究结论并不一致。一些研究发现RHR与MS呈正相关[18–19],而另一些研究则发现RHR与肥胖或男性MS呈负相关[20–21],这种不一致性可能与研究人群的特征、生活方式以及环境因素的差异有关。本研究在校正性别、年龄、城乡、饮酒、BMI等混杂因素后,RHR与MS之间仍存在正相关关系,尤其是在男性和中年人群中更为显著。男性在RHR>80.5次/分时MS患病风险增加137.9%,远高于女性的76.4%。这一结果与陈泽琨等[9]研究相似,表明RHR与MS患病风险之间的关联强度因性别而异。这种差异可能与男性不良生活方式(如过量饮酒)有关,这些行为已被证实与高血压及MS风险增加相关。此外,女性MS的发生可能与生理结构和荷尔蒙水平有关[9,22],这进一步解释了性别差异的存在。尽管本研究总体得出RHR与MS可能存在正相关关系,但在60~69岁和70~75岁年龄段中,RHR与MS患病风险的关联强度减弱,甚至在70~75岁人群中未见显著关联。这可能与老年人群的生理特点和疾病谱变化等原因有关。随着年龄增长,其他慢性疾病(如心血管疾病、糖尿病)可能成为MS的主要驱动因素[23];而RHR的影响会相对减弱。此外,老年人群的生活方式和健康行为可能与中年人群不同,这也可能影响RHR与MS之间的关联强度。
本研究采用横断面设计,通过logistic回归分析校正混杂因素,探讨了静息心率与代谢综合征之间的关联。尽管这种方法能够有效控制混杂因素,但因果关系推断受限。此外,本次研究未纳入饮食习惯等潜在影响因素,且吸烟、饮酒的定义基于频次而非具体量化,这可能会影响结果的准确性。未来研究将会采用前瞻性队列设计,纳入更多生活方式和生物学指标,如饮食习惯、运动频率等,以增强因果关系的推断,同时减少横断面研究设计中常见的偏倚。
综上所述,高原地区中老年人RHR与MS患病风险之间存在正相关关系,这种关联尤其在男性和中年人群中更为显著,RHR与MS患病风险在性别和年龄上的差异将有助于制定更精准的预防策略。建议加强对中年人群的健康监测,特别是RHR的定期监测,并通过健康教育和生活方式干预降低MS风险。在高原地区,由于特殊的环境因素(如低氧环境),可能对心率和代谢产生额外的影响,而且MS可能与多种慢性疾病存在交互作用。因此,未来的研究需要进一步探讨高原地区特定人群的生理特征和生活方式对RHR与MS关系的影响,以便为该地区中老年人群的健康管理提供更有针对性的建议。

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2025年第41卷第7期
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doi: 10.11847/zgggws1146664
  • 接收时间:2024-12-13
  • 首发时间:2026-10-25
  • 出版时间:2025-07-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-13
  • 修回日期:2025-03-11
  • 录用日期:2025-05-10
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    1西藏自治区疾病预防控制中心,拉萨 850000
    2四川大学华西公共卫生学院 四川大学华西第四医院,成都 610041
    3武警西藏总队医院,拉萨 850000

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