Article(id=1321169788911596498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1321169735128043598, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11847/zgggws1146641, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1733932800000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-12, revisedDate=1741190400000, revisedDateStr=2025-03-06, acceptedDate=1746806400000, acceptedDateStr=2025-05-10, onlineDate=1792921023824, onlineDateStr=2026-10-25, pubDate=1752076800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792921023824, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792921023824, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792921023824, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1321169735128043598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, year='2025', volume='41', issue='7', pageStart='769', pageEnd='896', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1752076800000', pubDateStr='2025-07-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792921011000, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792921011000, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=867, endPage=871, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1321169789129700307, articleId=1321169788911596498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=EN, title=Research progress on the effect of exercise on negative mood in women with premenstrual syndrome: a review, columnId=1320427713148597230, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Public Health, columnName=Review, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common affective disorder among women of reproductive age, typically associated with the menstrual cycle, and significantly impacts women's learning, work, and daily life. Exercise can stimulate the release of various neurotransmitters and hormones in the brain. These substances, often referred to as "happy hormones", play a crucial role in mood regulation, helping to alleviate stress and anxiety, and reduce feelings of depression and dejection. In recent years, research on exercise interventions to improve negative mood in women with PMS has gained significant attention. This review aims to investigate the effectiveness of different exercise modalities on negative mood in women with PMS and to summarize existing exercise interventions to provide theoretical guidance for promoting health in women with PMS through exercise.

, authors=Kunyu ZHANG, Peizhen ZHANG, authorsList=Kunyu ZHANG, Peizhen ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Peizhen ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
ZHANG Peizhen, E-mail:
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经前期紧张综合征是育龄女性常见的一种情感障碍类疾病,通常与月经周期相关,对女性学习、工作及生活带来了较大负面影响。运动可以促进大脑释放多种神经递质及激素,这些称为“快乐激素”的物质对情绪的调节至关重要,能够帮助人们缓解压力和焦虑感,减少抑郁和沮丧情绪。近年来,通过运动干预改善经前期紧张综合征女性不良情绪的研究成为热点。本研究通过回顾探讨不同运动方式对经前期紧张综合征女性不良情绪的有效性,并对已有的运动措施进行总结,为运动促进经前期紧张综合征女性健康提供理论指导。

, authors=张坤昱, 张培珍*, *, authorsList=张坤昱, 张培珍, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张培珍, authorNote=

张坤昱(1997—),硕士在读,研究方向:运动医学与康复

, correspAuthorsNote=
张培珍,E-mail:
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运动对经前期紧张综合征女性不良情绪影响研究进展
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张坤昱 , 张培珍 *, *
中国公共卫生 | 综 述 2025,41(7): 867-871
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中国公共卫生 |综 述 2025 , 41 (7) : 867 -871
运动对经前期紧张综合征女性不良情绪影响研究进展
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张坤昱, 张培珍*, *
作者信息
  • 北京体育大学运动医学与康复学院,北京 100084
通讯作者:
张培珍,E-mail:
作者简介:

张坤昱(1997—),硕士在读,研究方向:运动医学与康复

Research progress on the effect of exercise on negative mood in women with premenstrual syndrome: a review
Kunyu ZHANG, Peizhen ZHANG
Affiliations
  • School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    ZHANG Peizhen, E-mail:
出版时间: 2025-07-10 doi: 10.11847/zgggws1146641
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经前期紧张综合征是育龄女性常见的一种情感障碍类疾病,通常与月经周期相关,对女性学习、工作及生活带来了较大负面影响。运动可以促进大脑释放多种神经递质及激素,这些称为“快乐激素”的物质对情绪的调节至关重要,能够帮助人们缓解压力和焦虑感,减少抑郁和沮丧情绪。近年来,通过运动干预改善经前期紧张综合征女性不良情绪的研究成为热点。本研究通过回顾探讨不同运动方式对经前期紧张综合征女性不良情绪的有效性,并对已有的运动措施进行总结,为运动促进经前期紧张综合征女性健康提供理论指导。

经前期紧张综合征  /  焦虑抑郁  /  运动  /  身体活动  /  不良情绪

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common affective disorder among women of reproductive age, typically associated with the menstrual cycle, and significantly impacts women's learning, work, and daily life. Exercise can stimulate the release of various neurotransmitters and hormones in the brain. These substances, often referred to as "happy hormones", play a crucial role in mood regulation, helping to alleviate stress and anxiety, and reduce feelings of depression and dejection. In recent years, research on exercise interventions to improve negative mood in women with PMS has gained significant attention. This review aims to investigate the effectiveness of different exercise modalities on negative mood in women with PMS and to summarize existing exercise interventions to provide theoretical guidance for promoting health in women with PMS through exercise.

premenstrual syndrome (PMS)  /  anxiety depression  /  exercise  /  physical activity  /  negative emotions
张坤昱, 张培珍. 运动对经前期紧张综合征女性不良情绪影响研究进展. 中国公共卫生, 2025 , 41 (7) : 867 -871 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1146641
Kunyu ZHANG, Peizhen ZHANG. Research progress on the effect of exercise on negative mood in women with premenstrual syndrome: a review[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2025 , 41 (7) : 867 -871 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1146641
经前期紧张综合征(premenstrual syndrome, PMS)由Frank R T[1]于19世纪30年代首先提出,是指女性月经前周期性出现的一系列生理、情感和行为方面的不适症状。一般在月经周期的黄体期出现,也就是月经前7~14 d,主要表现为精神或躯体症状,影响个体的正常日常生活,这些症状往往在月经来潮后会很快消失[2–3]。经前疾病的高患病率及其对女性生活质量的负面影响一直是广大女性持续关注的问题,除了女性的生活质量外,PMS还会产生直接或间接的经济后果,包括门诊、化验和治疗的费用,工作效率下降及缺勤导致的工资损失等[4]。PMS的治疗及管理有多种途径,运动干预作为一种非药物疗法发挥着重要作用。本研究探讨不同运动方式对经前期紧张综合征女性不良情绪的影响,为运动促进经前期紧张综合征女性健康提供理论指导。
PMS的主要症状可归纳为:(1)精神症状。包括焦虑、抑郁、情绪波动、易怒、急躁、失去耐心、注意力不集中、健忘等。这些症状可能会对女性的日常生活和人际关系造成影响。(2)躯体症状。主要表现在乳房胀痛、头痛、盆腔痛、肠痉挛、水潴留(如手足与眼睑水肿)、体重增加、生理性腹泻、失眠等。这些症状可能与经前期体内激素水平的变化有关。(3)行为改变。主要表现为记忆力减退、注意力不集中等[5]。
随着社会压力的增加以及生活节奏的变快,经前期紧张综合征的患病率越来越高。在全球范围内,PMS的患病人数从1990年的6.525亿增加到2019年的9.56亿,增加了46.5%[6]。流行病学研究显示,约80%~90%的女性至少表现出一种PMS症状[7];出现相关症状的女性中,符合PMS诊断标准的约为20%~30%;甚至有2%~10%的女性报告出现致残、丧失行为能力的症状[8–9]。此外,在育龄期女性中,终身患病率约为13%~18%[10]。在我国,年轻女性的患病率较高,国内女大学生的患病率为24%~87%[11]。有研究表明,不运动、肥胖和学业成绩差的女性PMS患病率较高,而使用激素避孕药的女性PMS的患病率较低[12]。在青少年中,PMS的患病率很难测量,因为PMS的经前症状与青春期的情绪不稳定和情绪变化很难区分开[13]。Derman O等[14]对171名青少年女性的横断面研究显示,61.4%的女性符合PMS诊断标准,其中49.5%的女性为轻度PMS,37.1%的女性为中度PMS,13.4%的女性为重度PMS。因此,随着患病率的不断增高以及对女性负面影响的增加,应对PMS给予高度重视。
经前期紧张综合征的发病机制非常复杂,现代医学对其病因目前尚无定论,其机制涉及中枢和外周血中的激素、神经递质、神经肽、维生素、微量元素,以及遗传因素等[4]。其中,最广为人知的便是循环性腺类固醇在PMS症状发展中的促进作用。众所周知,抑制排卵对缓解PMS是有益的,但是,卵巢类固醇激素的周期性变化似乎并不是引起PMS的唯一原因,因为有研究显示,患与未患PMS女性的每日血清孕酮和雌激素浓度相似[15]。一项研究表明,PMS患者血液β–内啡肽浓度在经前期降低,干扰下丘脑–垂体–卵巢轴的功能,从而导致PMS的情绪症状;而且血液5–羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT)、γ–氨基丁酸(gamma-Aminobutyric acid, GABA)浓度也会存在不同程度的降低[16]。矿物质和维生素在PMS发生机制中的作用目前仍然存在着争议。有研究表明,患有PMS的女性并未显示同时有维生素A、E缺乏[17–18]。然而,Retallick-Brown H等[19]的研究比较了广谱微量营养素配方(主要由矿物质和维生素构成)与单一维生素B6对于治疗PMS的功效,结果显示,两种治疗方法在减轻PMS症状方面具有相似的益处,但广谱微量营养素配方对生活质量的影响更大。也有研究指出,低血糖、甲状腺素异常以及钙镁锌铜等矿物质的缺乏都与PMS的发生有关[16]。对于PMS的发病机制,还需进一步研究。
运动可通过多种途径改善经前症状,包括对β–内啡肽、皮质醇和卵巢激素水平等的影响[13]。一些研究表明,β–内啡肽具有强大的镇痛作用,中等强度的有氧运动可以提高循环中的β–内啡肽水平,这可能与减轻PMS患者疼痛的机制相关,进而缓解她们的不良情绪[20–21]。先前已有研究揭示,患有经前期紧张综合征女性的下丘脑–垂体–肾上腺(hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal, HPA)轴存在应激性失调现象,由于皮质醇觉醒反应(cortisol arousal response, CAR)具有明显的个体内稳定性,可作为个体肾上腺皮质功能的可靠生物学标志,Hou L L等[22]研究表明,与健康对照组相比,PMS女性的CAR有所减弱。另外有研究指出,以至少60%最大摄氧量的强度进行有氧运动,可导致皮质醇水平在运动后升高至少2 h,因此,皮质醇可抑制下丘脑和垂体,恢复健康的应激反应稳态[20],进而缓解PMS的症状。EI-Lithy A等[23]研究显示,有氧运动可增加血红蛋白、红细胞压积、红细胞计数和血小板计数,并降低催乳素、雌二醇和孕酮的水平,从而改善疲劳、注意力不集中、精神混乱和大多数经前症状。5–羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT)被认为是抑郁和焦虑等心理情绪症状的关键因子,而且5-HT是受运动调节的主要单胺类神经递质之一[24],因此,可以通过运动干预调节体内5-HT水平,进而改善PMS女性的焦虑抑郁情绪。
临床上对于PMS的治疗多为药物治疗,考虑到药物治疗的副作用以及经济条件影响,规律的身体活动等非药物治疗已被公认为是缓解经前期紧张综合征症状的有效方法之一[12, 25]。一项系统综述分析表明,运动对于改善疼痛、便秘、乳房敏感等躯体症状以及焦虑和愤怒等精神症状是有效的[26]。美国妇产科医师学会(American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, ACOG)建议进行规律运动,以帮助控制经前躯体和精神症状[13]。有研究表明,采用大肌肉群进行的低、中强度规律性有氧运动,每天15~30 min,每周3次,持续≥10周,对PMS症状的改善效果最佳[27]。此外,多项研究显示,规律体育锻炼有助于增强PMS女性的自尊、减少抑郁、减轻焦虑[3]。也有研究显示,身心运动可以有效减少PMS躯体及精神症状,帮助女性将注意力重新集中在平静的事务上,并提高对身体的认识[28]。因此,推荐症状较轻的PMS女性多参与运动,通过增加身体活动改善焦虑抑郁等不良情绪,促进身心健康。
研究显示,每周3~5次,每次30 min的有氧运动可以有效减轻女性PMS的躯体和精神症状[20]。一项针对大学生的研究发现,8周的有氧运动干预可有效缓解女性PMS的焦虑、抑郁和压力[29]。Dal Brun D等[30]进行了线上有氧运动的研究,经过为期8周的有氧运动后,经前期紧张综合征的症状(P=0.015)和情绪(P=0.011)有显著改善,提示以线上方式进行有氧运动同样可有效改善女性健康并减少经前症状。Samadi Z等[31]针对被诊断为PMS女性(非运动员)的研究结果显示,运动期间与运动后PMS症状的评分差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),干预组与对照组PMS症状的变化、躯体和精神症状评分百分比差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),进行8周有氧运动后PMS女性的躯体和精神症状都有所改善。另一项研究表明,运动可促进神经的可塑性,以60%~90%最大心率强度骑行20 min可有效减轻PMS女性的负面情绪,此外,运动还可以调节与PMS评分相关的悲伤情绪抑制的神经基质[32]。一项横断面研究结果显示,心肺耐力(Cardiorespiratory fitness, CRF)与PMS的躯体和精神症状呈显著负相关(P<0.05);运动活动与躯体和精神症状呈显著负相关(P<0.05),因此,较高水平的心肺耐力和运动活动与较低的PMS症状相关,CRF是PMS躯体和精神症状的预测因子[33]。研究显示,机体对热、冷、压力等刺激的反应是通过皮肤神经传递到机体深部,促进应激激素的分泌,增强消化和循环系统功能,降低机体对疼痛的敏感性,进而达到有益身心健康的效果[27]。游泳过程中,在浮力的作用下,使得水中各关节受力减小,同时,由于水流对皮肤的冲击,会引起大脑的某些特殊反应,因而水中活动越来越受大众欢迎。有研究比较了游泳女性与不游泳女性PMS的患病率,结果显示,游泳组的PMS患病率较低,在游泳组的女性中易怒、注意力不集中、饮食不规律、无明显原因的情绪变化以及不愿与男性交流等情况较少[34]。Maged A M等[27]研究证实了游泳运动对PMS的大部分躯体和精神症状的有益影响,该研究中游泳组女性的情绪波动、感觉失控、失眠、精神混乱等症状都有所减轻。因此,有氧运动是预防或减轻PMS人群不良情绪的有效方法。
研究证据表明,瑜伽可以通过下调下丘脑–垂体–肾上腺轴和交感神经系统达到有益于身心健康、缓解疼痛的效果,因此瑜伽已成为有疼痛及焦虑抑郁症状人群越来越受欢迎的运动形式之一[35]。Sharma B等[36]研究表明,瑜伽锻炼可使异常增高的交感神经活动减少。Yorulmaz D K等[37]研究发现,进行长期的瑜伽练习后,瑜伽组抑郁情绪、焦虑、疲劳、疼痛、抑郁想法、睡眠习惯量表评分、经前期紧张综合征量表总分、世界卫生组织生活质量调查问卷(简表)评分和视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale, VAS)存在显著差异(P<0.05),因此长期的瑜伽练习将改善女性的PMS症状、生活质量以及疼痛程度。61 min放松运动(61-points relaxation exercise, 61-PR)是一种鲜为人知的瑜伽技巧,Dvivedi J等[38]研究发现,61-PR同样可以降低交感神经活性,可有效缓解PMS。随着社会对女性的要求越来越高,有女性员工在经前期会出现易怒、情绪不稳定和抑郁情绪,这些精神症状往往会干扰工作场所中的人际关系、社会交往和情绪健康。Tsai S Y等[35]研究了12周的体式瑜伽练习对中国台湾省女性员工PMS的影响,结果表明,进行瑜伽练习后,腹部肿胀、疼痛等得到缓解,女性员工的焦虑抑郁、情绪不稳定、易怒等影响人际关系以及社会交往等的精神健康数据都有所改善。提示工作场所进行瑜伽运动可有效减轻经前期紧张综合征的症状,并可应用于其他对女性友好的工作场所,以缓解PMS。Karali E等[39]研究表明,通过大笑练习以及呼吸技巧相结合的大笑瑜伽同样可以减轻PMS人群的焦虑抑郁、疲劳、易怒等不良情绪以及疼痛等躯体症状。一项评估瑜伽对PMS女性注意力表现的研究发现,PMS女性进行一次瑜伽运动后α脑电波百分比立即增高,这表明在瑜伽运动后更放松或精神状态更平静,该研究建议患有PMS的女性可以在黄体期参加短期瑜伽锻炼,以使自己感觉更好并保持更好的注意力水平,从而达到缓解不良情绪的效果[40]。
普拉提对女性健康是有积极作用的,是一项可以改善精神及运动能力的运动。Çitil E T等[41]对患有PMS的女大学生进行了为期3个月的普拉提锻炼,结果显示,干预组学生在抑郁情绪、焦虑、易怒、抑郁想法、疼痛、食欲改变、睡眠改变和肿胀等方面较对照组有明显改善。Balmumcu A等[42]对某高校患有PMS的学生进行了为期8周的普拉提练习和基于APP的健康干预研究,结果显示,干预组的躯体及精神症状都较对照组有明显改善。另一项研究显示,与对照组相比,干预组的抑郁情绪、焦虑、疲劳、易怒、抑郁想法、疼痛、食欲变化、睡眠变化和腹胀都有所改善,该研究表明,基于视频的普拉提练习在降低PMS女性的压力水平和疼痛程度方面具有相似的效果,改善了PMS女性的不良情绪问题,此外,基于视频普拉提锻炼不受时间和空间的限制,为实施自我指导的家庭锻炼计划提供了实用和省时的替代方案[43]。因此,普拉提除了改善身体健康外,也是缓解PMS症状的有效措施之一。
其他放松技术同样可以减少情绪变化,改善PMS症状。Khalatbari J等[44]的研究中显示,放松技术改善了经前期紧张综合征的症状,并且干预组的PMS抑郁症状、压力和焦虑障碍较对照组有显著的改善。Olia J B H等[45]研究了Benson放松技术对某医科大学患有经前期紧张综合征学生氧化应激标志物的影响,研究结果表明,使用Benson放松技术后机体的氧化因子和自由基减少,总抗氧化能力增加,这些变化一定程度上减少了压力的负面影响,减轻了PMS患者的精神和躯体症状。一项评价Jacobson渐进式肌肉放松练习对青春期经前期紧张综合征女生干预效果的研究显示,经过Jacobson肌肉放松练习后,干预组女生PMS症状显著改善[46]。 Ferreira R等[47]比较了可视化冥想和Mitchell放松技术对PMS患者疲劳和头痛的影响,结果显示,与可视化冥想相比,Mitchell放松技术在降低经前期紧张综合征个体的疲劳和头痛的程度方面更有效。
抗阻运动不仅可以延缓肌肉退化、促进新陈代谢,有效减少年老性跌倒和骨折,还可以缓解焦虑、自卑等不良情绪[48]。Lecheminant J D等[49]对产后妇女进行了为期18周的抗阻运动,结果显示,抗阻运动组抑郁量表评分降低(F=4.61,P=0.016),对照组没有明显变化。有研究显示,抗阻运动可用于改善年轻人轻度以及亚临床抑郁症[50],Abedy H A等[51]的研究表明,与对照组相比,8周抗阻运动后PMS患者的躯体和精神–行为症状有明显减轻。目前对于抗阻运动治疗PMS的研究较少,其对缓解焦虑、抑郁、易怒等不良情绪的作用还有待进一步深入研究。
运动对改善经前期紧张综合征女性的不良情绪有良好效果。有氧运动通过调节循环中的β–内啡肽、5–羟色胺以及皮质醇等神经递质及激素的浓度,进而达到改善PMS患者不良情绪的效果;而以瑜伽、普拉提为代表的身心运动则是通过减少异常增高的交感神经活动、下调下丘脑–垂体–肾上腺轴、增加α脑电波百分比来达到放松心情、保持良好注意力水平,缓解PMS患者的焦虑抑郁等不良情绪;抗阻运动对缓解焦虑、自卑等情绪有一定的效果,但是对PMS患者的不良情绪改善还有待进一步研究。尽管运动在改善PMS的某些症状和总体幸福感方面显示出积极的作用,但仍需要进一步的研究来更好地了解不同运动方式对不同年龄段个体PMS症状的影响,进而为患有经前期紧张综合征的女性提供个性化的运动建议。

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2025年第41卷第7期
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doi: 10.11847/zgggws1146641
  • 接收时间:2024-12-12
  • 首发时间:2026-10-25
  • 出版时间:2025-07-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-12
  • 修回日期:2025-03-06
  • 录用日期:2025-05-10
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    北京体育大学运动医学与康复学院,北京 100084

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张培珍,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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