Article(id=1321169785191252651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1321169735128043598, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11847/zgggws1146629, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1733760000000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-10, revisedDate=1742140800000, revisedDateStr=2025-03-17, acceptedDate=1746806400000, acceptedDateStr=2025-05-10, onlineDate=1792921022936, onlineDateStr=2026-10-25, pubDate=1752076800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792921022936, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792921022936, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792921022936, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1321169735128043598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, year='2025', volume='41', issue='7', pageStart='769', pageEnd='896', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1752076800000', pubDateStr='2025-07-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792921011000, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792921011000, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=782, endPage=786, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1321169787280016047, articleId=1321169785191252651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=EN, title=Residual paralysis and its influencing factors among acute flaccid paralysis cases in Jiangxi province from 2012 to 2023: a longitudinal study, columnId=1321169758473539832, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Public Health, columnName=Special Report – Infectious Disease Surveillance, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the residual paralysis in acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases and its influencing factors in Jiangxi province from 2012 to 2023, and to provide a reference for the development of strategies to reduce residual paralysis.

Methods

Data on 2118 AFP cases reported in Jiangxi province from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2023, were collected from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Information System. The residual paralysis status and its influencing factors were analyzed.

Results

Among the 2118 AFP cases reported in Jiangxi province from 2012 to 2023, 338 cases had residual paralysis, with a residual paralysis rate of 15.96%. Multivariable unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that female sex, an interval of ≥ 3 days from onset to medical visit, a positive non-polio enterovirus or poliovirus isolation culture result, the presence of nuchal rigidity, the presence of limb sensory disturbance, the presence of urinary or fecal incontinence, and abnormal deep tendon reflexes were risk factors for residual paralysis in AFP cases in Jiangxi province. Age ≥ 1 years old, student status, having received ≥ 3 doses of polio vaccine, the presence of diarrhea, and the presence of muscle pain were protective factors against residual paralysis in AFP cases in Jiangxi province.

Conclusions

The incidence of residual paralysis in AFP cases in Jiangxi province from 2012 to 2023 was relatively high. Sex, age, population type, number of polio vaccine doses received, interval from onset to medical visit, enterovirus isolation culture results, and the presence or absence of diarrhea, nuchal rigidity, muscle pain, limb sensory disturbance, urinary or fecal incontinence, and abnormal deep tendon reflexes were the main influencing factors for residual paralysis in AFP cases in this region.

, authors=Hongping ZHAO1, Lihong LIU2, Min ZHENG1, Fengyun WU1, Shicheng GUO1, Jie LIU1, authorsList=Hongping ZHAO, Lihong LIU, Min ZHENG, Fengyun WU, Shicheng GUO, Jie LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shicheng GUO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
GUO Shicheng, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2025 Chinese Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1321169788097905330, articleId=1321169785191252651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=CN, title=2012—2023年江西省急性弛缓性麻痹病例残留麻痹发生情况及其影响因素分析, columnId=1321169758632923386, journalTitle=中国公共卫生, columnName=专题报道——传染病监测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

了解2012—2023年江西省急性弛缓性麻痹(AFP)病例残留麻痹情况及其影响因素,为减少残留麻痹策略的制定提供参考依据。

方法

收集中国疾病预防控制信息系统中江西省2012年1月1日—2023年12月31日报告的2118例AFP病例相关数据,分析该地区AFP病例残留麻痹情况及其影响因素。

结果

江西省2012—2023年报告的2118例AFP病例中,残留麻痹者338例,残留麻痹发生率为15.96%;多因素非条件logistic 回归分析结果显示,女童、发病到就诊间隔时间≥3 d、肠道病毒分离培养结果为非脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)肠道病毒或脊灰病毒阳性、有颈项强直、有肢体感觉障碍、有大小便失禁和深部腱反射异常与江西省AFP病例残留麻痹的呈正相关联,年龄≥1岁、学生、累计服用脊灰疫苗≥3次、有腹泻和有肌肉疼痛与江西省AFP病例残留麻痹呈负相关联。

结论

江西省2012—2023年AFP病例残留麻痹发生率较高,性别、年龄、人群类型、累计服用脊灰疫苗次数、发病到就诊间隔时间、肠道病毒分离培养结果以及有无腹泻、颈项强直、肌肉疼痛、肢体感觉障碍、大小便失禁、深部腱反射异常可能是该地区AFP病例残留麻痹发生的主要影响因素。

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赵红平(1987—),主管医师,硕士,研究方向:疫苗可预防疾病监测与防控

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郭世成,E-mail:
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Comparison of residual paralysis in acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases with different characteristics,such as sex, age, population type, number of polio vaccine doses received, interval from onset to medical visit, enterovirus isolation culture results, the presence or absence of diarrhea, nuchal rigidity, muscle pain, limb sensory disturbance, urinary or fecal incontinence, and abnormal deep tendon reflexes in Jiangxi province from 2012 to 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征分类AFP病例数残留麻痹病例数残留麻痹率/%χ2值P值
性别男性137020414.8913.300.007
女性74813417.91
年龄/岁<11415941.8481.95<0.001
1~492414415.58
5~96637411.16
≥103906115.64
人群类型散居儿童104320819.9424.32<0.001
幼托儿童3294012.16
学生7469012.06
累计服脊灰疫苗次数/次0392051.2880.42<0.001
1~2753242.67
≥32 00428614.27
发病到报告间隔时间/d<3855687.9573.30<0.001
3~670713719.38
>655613323.92
就诊次数/次1138114210.2895.34<0.001
≥273719626.59
肠道病毒分离培养结果阴性1 94728714.7434.96<0.001
非脊灰肠道病毒阳性1524126.97
脊灰病毒阳性191052.63
发热无113218616.430.410.525
有98615215.42
腹泻无1 85731116.756.990.008
有2612710.34
颈项强直无2 04931515.3716.05<0.001
有692333.33
肌肉疼痛无156828818.3726.13<0.001
有550509.09
肢体感觉障碍无175925214.3320.61<0.001
有3598623.96
大小便失禁无2 03927913.6879.03<0.001
有794151.90
呼吸困难史无2 02631415.507.360.007
有922426.09
肌内注射史无1 80629116.110.220.640
有3124715.06
最初麻痹时伴发热否124919515.610.270.602
是86914316.46
巴彬斯基氏反射无1 91227314.2841.38<0.001
有2066531.55
踝阵挛阳性否207933215.970.100.921
是39615.38
深部腱反射异常否110413111.8728.80<0.001
是101420720.41
), ArticleFig(id=1321169792346735330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321169785191252651, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

江西省2012—2023年不同特征AFP病例残留麻痹情况比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征分类AFP病例数残留麻痹病例数残留麻痹率/%χ2值P值
性别男性137020414.8913.300.007
女性74813417.91
年龄/岁<11415941.8481.95<0.001
1~492414415.58
5~96637411.16
≥103906115.64
人群类型散居儿童104320819.9424.32<0.001
幼托儿童3294012.16
学生7469012.06
累计服脊灰疫苗次数/次0392051.2880.42<0.001
1~2753242.67
≥32 00428614.27
发病到报告间隔时间/d<3855687.9573.30<0.001
3~670713719.38
>655613323.92
就诊次数/次1138114210.2895.34<0.001
≥273719626.59
肠道病毒分离培养结果阴性1 94728714.7434.96<0.001
非脊灰肠道病毒阳性1524126.97
脊灰病毒阳性191052.63
发热无113218616.430.410.525
有98615215.42
腹泻无1 85731116.756.990.008
有2612710.34
颈项强直无2 04931515.3716.05<0.001
有692333.33
肌肉疼痛无156828818.3726.13<0.001
有550509.09
肢体感觉障碍无175925214.3320.61<0.001
有3598623.96
大小便失禁无2 03927913.6879.03<0.001
有794151.90
呼吸困难史无2 02631415.507.360.007
有922426.09
肌内注射史无1 80629116.110.220.640
有3124715.06
最初麻痹时伴发热否124919515.610.270.602
是86914316.46
巴彬斯基氏反射无1 91227314.2841.38<0.001
有2066531.55
踝阵挛阳性否207933215.970.100.921
是39615.38
深部腱反射异常否110413111.8728.80<0.001
是101420720.41
), ArticleFig(id=1321169792451592931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321169785191252651, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Multivariable unconditional logistic regression analysis of residual paralysis influencing factors such as sex, age, population type, number of polio vaccine doses received, interval from onset to medical visit, enterovirus isolation culture results, the presence or absence of diarrhea, nuchal rigidity, muscle pain, limb sensory, disturbance, urinary or fecal incontinence, and abnormal deep tendon reflexes in AFP cases in Jiangxi province

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素比较组参照组β $ S_{\overline{x}} $Wald χ2值P值OR值95%CI
性别女性男性0.2470.1383.1910.0441.2811.076~1.680
年龄/岁1~4<1−0.9660.25514.417<0.0010.3800.231~0.627
5~9−1.3560.27823.762<0.0010.2580.149~0.445
≥10−1.1580.28516.511<0.0010.3140.180~0.549
人群类型幼托儿童散居儿童−0.1680.2050.6720.4120.8460.566~1.263
学生−0.4830.2314.3920.0360.6170.393~0.969
累计服脊灰疫苗次数/次1~20−0.5220.4571.3070.2530.5930.242~1.452
≥3−1.0930.3927.7920.0050.3350.155~0.722
发病到就诊间隔时间/d3~6<30.9440.17429.304<0.0012.5701.826~3.167
>61.0080.18131.046<0.0012.7411.923~3.908
肠道病毒分离培养结果非脊灰肠道病毒阳性阴性0.6690.2229.1170.0031.9531.265~3.015
脊灰病毒阳性1.2900.5545.4310.0203.6331.228~10.753
腹泻有无−0.6270.2456.5690.0100.5340.330~0.863
颈项强直有无1.0790.27515.361<0.0012.9411.715~5.045
肌肉疼痛有无−0.7040.18314.841<0.0010.4940.346~0.708
肢体感觉障碍有无0.5770.16811.8600.0011.7811.282~2.474
大小便失禁有无1.5820.26834.818<0.0014.8642.876~8.226
深部腱反射异常有无0.5750.13617.897<0.0011.7771.362~2.320
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江西省AFP病例残留麻痹影响因素多因素非条件logistic回归分析

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因素比较组参照组β $ S_{\overline{x}} $Wald χ2值P值OR值95%CI
性别女性男性0.2470.1383.1910.0441.2811.076~1.680
年龄/岁1~4<1−0.9660.25514.417<0.0010.3800.231~0.627
5~9−1.3560.27823.762<0.0010.2580.149~0.445
≥10−1.1580.28516.511<0.0010.3140.180~0.549
人群类型幼托儿童散居儿童−0.1680.2050.6720.4120.8460.566~1.263
学生−0.4830.2314.3920.0360.6170.393~0.969
累计服脊灰疫苗次数/次1~20−0.5220.4571.3070.2530.5930.242~1.452
≥3−1.0930.3927.7920.0050.3350.155~0.722
发病到就诊间隔时间/d3~6<30.9440.17429.304<0.0012.5701.826~3.167
>61.0080.18131.046<0.0012.7411.923~3.908
肠道病毒分离培养结果非脊灰肠道病毒阳性阴性0.6690.2229.1170.0031.9531.265~3.015
脊灰病毒阳性1.2900.5545.4310.0203.6331.228~10.753
腹泻有无−0.6270.2456.5690.0100.5340.330~0.863
颈项强直有无1.0790.27515.361<0.0012.9411.715~5.045
肌肉疼痛有无−0.7040.18314.841<0.0010.4940.346~0.708
肢体感觉障碍有无0.5770.16811.8600.0011.7811.282~2.474
大小便失禁有无1.5820.26834.818<0.0014.8642.876~8.226
深部腱反射异常有无0.5750.13617.897<0.0011.7771.362~2.320
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2012—2023年江西省急性弛缓性麻痹病例残留麻痹发生情况及其影响因素分析
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赵红平 1 , 刘莉红 2 , 郑敏 1 , 伍凤云 1 , 郭世成 1, *, * , 刘杰 1
中国公共卫生 | 专题报道——传染病监测 2025,41(7): 782-786
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中国公共卫生 |专题报道——传染病监测 2025 , 41 (7) : 782 -786
2012—2023年江西省急性弛缓性麻痹病例残留麻痹发生情况及其影响因素分析
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赵红平1, 刘莉红2, 郑敏1, 伍凤云1, 郭世成1, *, * , 刘杰1
作者信息
  • 1江西省疾病预防控制中心/重大疫情防控江西省重点实验室(2024SSY06021)/青年科研创新攻关团队,南昌 330029
  • 2宜春市疾病预防控制中心,宜春 336028
通讯作者:
郭世成,E-mail:
作者简介:

赵红平(1987—),主管医师,硕士,研究方向:疫苗可预防疾病监测与防控

Residual paralysis and its influencing factors among acute flaccid paralysis cases in Jiangxi province from 2012 to 2023: a longitudinal study
Hongping ZHAO1, Lihong LIU2, Min ZHENG1, Fengyun WU1, Shicheng GUO1 , Jie LIU1
Affiliations
  • 1Jiangxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Epidemics Prevention and Control, Nanchang 330029, China
  • 2Yichun Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yichun 336028, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    GUO Shicheng, E-mail:
出版时间: 2025-07-10 doi: 10.11847/zgggws1146629
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目的

了解2012—2023年江西省急性弛缓性麻痹(AFP)病例残留麻痹情况及其影响因素,为减少残留麻痹策略的制定提供参考依据。

方法

收集中国疾病预防控制信息系统中江西省2012年1月1日—2023年12月31日报告的2118例AFP病例相关数据,分析该地区AFP病例残留麻痹情况及其影响因素。

结果

江西省2012—2023年报告的2118例AFP病例中,残留麻痹者338例,残留麻痹发生率为15.96%;多因素非条件logistic 回归分析结果显示,女童、发病到就诊间隔时间≥3 d、肠道病毒分离培养结果为非脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)肠道病毒或脊灰病毒阳性、有颈项强直、有肢体感觉障碍、有大小便失禁和深部腱反射异常与江西省AFP病例残留麻痹的呈正相关联,年龄≥1岁、学生、累计服用脊灰疫苗≥3次、有腹泻和有肌肉疼痛与江西省AFP病例残留麻痹呈负相关联。

结论

江西省2012—2023年AFP病例残留麻痹发生率较高,性别、年龄、人群类型、累计服用脊灰疫苗次数、发病到就诊间隔时间、肠道病毒分离培养结果以及有无腹泻、颈项强直、肌肉疼痛、肢体感觉障碍、大小便失禁、深部腱反射异常可能是该地区AFP病例残留麻痹发生的主要影响因素。

急性弛缓性麻痹(AFP)  /  残留麻痹  /  发生情况  /  影响因素  /  江西省
Objective

To investigate the residual paralysis in acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases and its influencing factors in Jiangxi province from 2012 to 2023, and to provide a reference for the development of strategies to reduce residual paralysis.

Methods

Data on 2118 AFP cases reported in Jiangxi province from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2023, were collected from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Information System. The residual paralysis status and its influencing factors were analyzed.

Results

Among the 2118 AFP cases reported in Jiangxi province from 2012 to 2023, 338 cases had residual paralysis, with a residual paralysis rate of 15.96%. Multivariable unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that female sex, an interval of ≥ 3 days from onset to medical visit, a positive non-polio enterovirus or poliovirus isolation culture result, the presence of nuchal rigidity, the presence of limb sensory disturbance, the presence of urinary or fecal incontinence, and abnormal deep tendon reflexes were risk factors for residual paralysis in AFP cases in Jiangxi province. Age ≥ 1 years old, student status, having received ≥ 3 doses of polio vaccine, the presence of diarrhea, and the presence of muscle pain were protective factors against residual paralysis in AFP cases in Jiangxi province.

Conclusions

The incidence of residual paralysis in AFP cases in Jiangxi province from 2012 to 2023 was relatively high. Sex, age, population type, number of polio vaccine doses received, interval from onset to medical visit, enterovirus isolation culture results, and the presence or absence of diarrhea, nuchal rigidity, muscle pain, limb sensory disturbance, urinary or fecal incontinence, and abnormal deep tendon reflexes were the main influencing factors for residual paralysis in AFP cases in this region.

acute flaccid paralysis (AFP)  /  residual paralysis  /  incidence  /  influencing factors  /  Jiangxi province
赵红平, 刘莉红, 郑敏, 伍凤云, 郭世成, 刘杰. 2012—2023年江西省急性弛缓性麻痹病例残留麻痹发生情况及其影响因素分析. 中国公共卫生, 2025 , 41 (7) : 782 -786 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1146629
Hongping ZHAO, Lihong LIU, Min ZHENG, Fengyun WU, Shicheng GUO, Jie LIU. Residual paralysis and its influencing factors among acute flaccid paralysis cases in Jiangxi province from 2012 to 2023: a longitudinal study[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2025 , 41 (7) : 782 -786 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1146629
脊髓灰质炎(以下简称“脊灰”)是由脊灰病毒引起的一种严重危害儿童健康的急性肠道传染病,感染者可出现急性单侧或双侧的弛缓性神经麻痹并留下瘫痪后遗症,一般多感染<5岁儿童,故俗称“小儿麻痹症”[1]。为提高脊灰监测敏感性,江西省按国家要求自1992年开始基于症状的急性弛缓性麻痹(acute flaccid paralysis, AFP)病例监测工作,建立全省AFP病例监测系统,全省最后1例确诊的脊灰野病毒病例发生在1992年11月17日[2–3]。2000年,包括中国在内的西太区正式宣布进入无脊灰状态[4],但存在部分报告的AFP病例在初始麻痹发生60 d后仍残留麻痹[5]。为了解2012—2023年江西省AFP病例残留麻痹情况及其影响因素,为减少残留麻痹策略的制定提供参考依据,本研究收集中国疾病预防控制信息系统中江西省2012年1月1日—2023年12月31日报告的2118例AFP病例相关数据,分析该地区AFP病例残留麻痹情况及其影响因素。结果报告如下。
收集中国疾病预防控制信息系统中江西省2012年1月1日—2023年12月31日报告的2118例AFP病例相关数据,内容包括性别、年龄、人群类型、累计服用脊灰疫苗次数、发病到就诊间隔时间、就诊次数、肠道病毒分离培养结果、有无发热、有无腹泻、有无颈项强直、有无肌肉疼痛、有无肢体感觉障碍、有无大小便失禁、有无呼吸困难史、有无肌内注射史、最初麻痹时是否伴发热、有无巴彬斯基反射、是否踝阵挛阳性和深部腱反射是否异常等。所有<15岁出现AFP症状的病例和任何年龄临床诊断为脊灰的病例均作为AFP病例进行报告。按照全国AFP病例监测方案中要求[6],对于报告的AFP病例在其麻痹后60~75 d内对病例进行随访,残留麻痹病例指随访时病例的肢体肌力和活动没有恢复正常者。本研究经江西省疾病预防控制中心医学伦理委员会审查批准,批号为:赣疾控科伦审[2023年]13号。
应用Excel 2010和SPSS 17.0软件进行一般描述性分析、χ2检验和多因素非条件logistic回归分析。检验水准为双侧检验α=0.05。
江西省2012—2023年报告的2118例AFP病例中,男性1 370例(64.7%),女性748例(35.3%);年龄<1岁141例(6.7%),1~4岁924例(43.6%),5~9岁663例(31.3%),≥10岁390例(18.4%);人群类型为散居儿童1043例(49.3%),幼托儿童329例(15.5%),学生746例(35.2%);累计服用脊灰疫苗0次39例(1.9%),1~2次75例(3.5%),≥3次2004例(94.6%);发病到就诊间隔时间<3 d者855例(40.4%),3~6 d者707例(33.4%),>6 d者556例(26.2%);就诊1次1 381例(65.2%),≥2次737例(34.8%);肠道病毒分离培养结果为阴性1 947例(91.9%),非脊灰肠道病毒阳性152例(7.2%),脊灰病毒阳性19例(0.9%);未发热1 132例(53.4%),发热986例(46.6%);未腹泻1 857例(87.7%),腹泻261例(12.3%);无颈项强直2 049例(96.7%),有颈项强直69例(3.3%);无肌肉疼痛1 568例(74.0%),有肌肉疼痛550例(26.0%);无肢体感觉障碍1 759例(83.1%),有肢体感觉障碍359例(16.9%);无大小便失禁2 039例(96.3%),有大小便失禁79例(3.7%);无呼吸困难史2 026例(95.7%),有呼吸困难史92例(4.3%);无肌内注射史1 806例(85.3%),有肌内注射史312例(14.7%);最初麻痹时未伴发热1 249例(59.0%),伴发热869例(41.0%);无巴彬斯基反射1 912例(90.3%),有巴彬斯基反射206例(9.7%);踝阵挛阴性2 079例(98.2%),阳性39例(1.8%);深部腱反射正常1 104例(52.1%),异常1 014例(47.9%)。
江西省2012—2023年报告的2118例AFP病例中,残留麻痹者338例,残留麻痹发生率为15.96%;不同特征AFP病例比较,不同性别、年龄、人群类型、累计服用脊灰疫苗次数、发病到就诊间隔时间、就诊次数、肠道病毒分离培养结果以及有无腹泻、颈项强直、肌肉疼痛、肢体感觉障碍、大小便失禁、呼吸困难史、巴彬斯基反射、深部腱反射异常AFP病例残留麻痹不同,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。
以江西省AFP病例是否残留麻痹为因变量(0=否,1=是),以性别、年龄、人群类型、累计服用脊灰疫苗次数、发病到就诊间隔时间、就诊次数、肠道病毒分离培养结果、有无腹泻、有无颈项强直、有无肌肉疼痛、有无肢体感觉障碍、有无大小便失禁、有无呼吸困难史、有无巴彬斯基反射和有无深部腱反射异常共15个因素为自变量进行多因素非条件logistic回归分析。结果显示,女性、发病到就诊间隔时间≥3 d、肠道病毒分离培养结果为非脊灰肠道病毒或脊灰病毒阳性、有颈项强直、有肢体感觉障碍、有大小便失禁和深部腱反射异常与江西省AFP病例残留麻痹呈正相关联;年龄≥1岁、学生、累计服用脊灰疫苗≥3次、有腹泻和有肌肉疼痛与江西省AFP病例残留麻痹呈负相关联。
本研究结果显示,江西省2012—2023年AFP病例残留麻痹率为15.96%,高于广东省2008—2012年AFP病例残留麻痹率的13.92%[7]、河南省2008—2012年儿童AFP病例残留麻痹率的12.88%[8]和福建省2018—2022年AFP病例残留麻痹率的11.30%[9],但低于云南省2000—2017年AFP病例残留麻痹率的20.36%[10]和江苏省2012—2021年<15岁儿童AFP病例残留麻痹率的17.78%[11],亦低于江西省2012—2019年AFP病例残留麻痹率的17.66%[3]。江西省2012—2023年AFP病例残留麻痹率较之前降低可能与2020—2022年中国实施了针对新型冠状病毒感染疫情大流行的公共卫生和社会措施,特别是在各级医疗机构、学校和幼托机构等方面采取的一系列综合防疫公共卫生措施,以及社会公众健康素养的提高对儿童传染病防控起到了积极有效的控制作用有关[12];还可能与我国响应世界卫生组织消灭脊灰的决议于2016年5月1日实施了脊灰疫苗策略转换,停用了三价脊灰减毒活疫苗,采用二价脊灰减毒活疫苗替代,并将脊灰灭活疫苗纳入国家免疫规划,2020年再次将脊灰疫苗策略调整为2剂次脊灰灭活疫苗和2剂次脊灰减毒活疫苗有关[13]。
江西省2012—2023年AFP病例性别分布中,男性病例(1370例)多于女性病例(748例),但女性AFP病例残留麻痹率却高于男性(17.91% vs.14.89%),因此需对女性AFP病例的后续随访予以重点关注。在残留麻痹病例的年龄分布中,主要以<5岁儿童为主,其中<1岁婴儿AFP病例的残留麻痹率最高(41.84%),与其他省份相关研究结果一致[7 – 9],这可能与低年龄儿童神经系统发育不完善、免疫史不全、对外界抵抗力较弱,因此更易被病毒感染有关。在不同类型人群中,学生AFP病例的残留麻痹率最低(12.06%),其发生残留麻痹的风险为散居儿童的0.617倍(OR=0.617,95%CI=0.393~0.969),这可能与年龄、免疫史及学校健康监测更敏感,能更早识别与干预等因素有关。
本研究结果显示,江西省累计服脊灰疫苗≥3次AFP病例发生残留麻痹的风险较未服脊灰疫苗AFP病例明显降低(OR=0.335,95%CI=0.155~0.722),因此提高脊灰疫苗接种率是降低儿童AFP病例中残留麻痹的重要措施。本研究结果还显示,发病到就诊间隔时间的长短会影响AFP病例残留麻痹的发生率,江西省发病到就诊间隔时间3~6 d和>6 d AFP病例发生残留麻痹的风险分别为间隔时间<3 d AFP病例的2.570倍(OR=2.570,95%CI=1.826~3.167)和2.741倍(OR=2.741,95%CI=1.923~3.908),提示出现AFP症状者应尽早就诊、及时治疗,同时还应加强对AFP相关知识的宣传和科普。
江西省自1994年后处于维持无脊灰状态,但由于脊灰减毒活疫苗的使用,服用后在人体内可能会恢复部分神经毒性,加上疫苗接种者中可能存在的体质差异和免疫功能缺陷等原因,极少数儿童在接种脊灰减毒活疫苗或接触到服用脊灰减毒活疫苗的儿童后可能会出现疫苗相关麻痹型脊炎病例或疫苗衍生脊灰病毒病例。疫苗衍生脊灰病毒病例是由脊灰减毒活疫苗中的脊灰毒株在接种率较低的个体或地区长时间复制后出现基因变异,重新获得野生型脊灰病毒神经毒性而导致的麻痹型脊灰病例,其临床症状与脊灰相同[14]。本研究结果显示,肠道中分离出脊灰病毒AFP病例发生残留麻痹的风险为阴性AFP病例的3.633倍(OR=3.633,95%CI=1.228~10.753);此外,分离出非脊灰肠道病毒AFP病例发生残留麻痹的风险也大大增加,为阴性AFP病例的1.953倍(OR=1.953,95%CI=1.265~3.015),可能与非脊灰肠道病毒可导致神经系统损伤有关[15]。提示对于报告的AFP病例应按要求尽早采集合格样本并送检,以明确病因及时采取有针对性的治疗。
此外,本研究还发现,有颈项强直、肢体感觉障碍、大小便失禁和深部腱反射异常易发生AFP病例残留麻痹,而有腹泻和肌肉疼痛不易发生AFP病例残留麻痹。有颈项强直、肢体感觉障碍、大小便失禁和深部腱反射异常等症状AFP病例的残留麻痹率较高,可能是上述症状与疾病严重程度、神经系统等密切相关,因此实施早期康复护理干预有助于病例生理功能的康复,减少残留麻痹的发生;而有腹泻和肌肉疼痛等症状AFP病例的残留麻痹率较低则可能与腹泻能反映肠道黏膜免疫系统的激活、加速病毒清除并限制其向神经系统扩散有关。本研究未发现AFP病例的残留麻痹率与发热和踝阵挛等症状有密切关系,与江苏省[16]和云南省[10]的研究结果不一致,是否与AFP病例的具体疾病类型和严重程度有关,尚需进行进一步研究分析。
综上所述,江西省2012—2023年AFP病例残留麻痹发生率较高,其中女性、年龄<1岁、散居儿童、未服用脊灰疫苗、发病到就诊间隔时间≥3 d、肠道病毒分离培养结果为非脊灰肠道病毒或脊灰病毒阳性、无腹泻、有颈项强直、无肌肉疼痛、有肢体感觉障碍、有大小便失禁和有深部腱反射异常的AFP病例更易发生残留麻痹。因此,应加强AFP病例的监测和随访工作,一旦出现AFP症状,应及时就诊并尽早采样和送检,同时给予有针对性的治疗,实施早期康复护理干预,以减少残留麻痹的发生率。

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2025年第41卷第7期
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doi: 10.11847/zgggws1146629
  • 接收时间:2024-12-10
  • 首发时间:2026-10-25
  • 出版时间:2025-07-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-10
  • 修回日期:2025-03-17
  • 录用日期:2025-05-10
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    1江西省疾病预防控制中心/重大疫情防控江西省重点实验室(2024SSY06021)/青年科研创新攻关团队,南昌 330029
    2宜春市疾病预防控制中心,宜春 336028

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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species
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Percentage of
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属
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species
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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