Article(id=1321169771194863952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1321169735128043598, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11847/zgggws1146083, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1727971200000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-04, revisedDate=1735747200000, revisedDateStr=2025-01-02, acceptedDate=1744992000000, acceptedDateStr=2025-04-19, onlineDate=1792921019600, onlineDateStr=2026-10-25, pubDate=1752076800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792921019600, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792921019600, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792921019600, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1321169735128043598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, year='2025', volume='41', issue='7', pageStart='769', pageEnd='896', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1752076800000', pubDateStr='2025-07-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792921011000, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792921011000, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=848, endPage=852, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1321169771442327889, articleId=1321169771194863952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=EN, title=A mixed-methods analysis of health literacy self-improvement intention and behavior, and their influencing factors among rural residents in Changzhou city, based on the theory of planned behavior, columnId=1320427686514770171, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Public Health, columnName=Survey and Report, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To understand the intention and behavior of rural residents in Changzhou city, Jiangsu province, to improve their health literacy and its influencing factors, so as to provide a reference for improving the health literacy level of rural residents in this area.

Methods

From May to June 2024, a multi-stage random sampling method was used to select 605 rural residents in Wujin district and Jintan district of Changzhou city for a questionnaire survey, and 27 rural residents were randomly selected for in-depth interviews. Based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), a mixed quantitative and qualitative methodology was used to analyze the intention and behavior of rural residents in Changzhou city to improve their health literacy and its influencing factors.

Results

The average scores of health literacy self-improvement intention and behavior of 605 rural residents in Changzhou city who participated in the questionnaire survey were (14.75 ± 2.81) and (23.99 ± 7.03), respectively. The average scores of behavioral attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control in TPB theory were (11.97 ± 2.41), (11.34 ± 2.35), and (16.38 ± 2.17), respectively. The results of structural equation model analysis showed that perceived behavioral control had a positive impact on both the intention (β = 0.68, P < 0.001) and behavior (β = 0.17, P = 0.001) of rural residents to improve their health literacy. Gender moderated the path from perceived behavioral control to health literacy self-improvement intention (diff β = 0.02, P = 0.002) and behavior (diff β = 0.04, P = 0.021). Personal annual income also moderated the path from perceived behavioral control to health literacy self-improvement intention (diff β = 0.15, P = 0.001) and behavior (diff β = 0.19, P < 0.001). Among the 27 rural residents in Changzhou city who participated in the interviews, 25 (92.6%) believed that improving health literacy was very important and that it was necessary to learn health knowledge and skills, but only 8 (29.6%) were willing to take actions to improve their health literacy. 16 (59.3%) said that they would only pay attention to health knowledge and skills that were helpful for the prevention and control of their own diseases due to their own health needs and rarely communicated with their family and friends. 10 (37.0%) said that although they were willing to consult doctors to improve their health literacy, the help they received from village doctors was limited. 13 (48.1%) said that they would look for opportunities to learn if there were suitable and convenient ways to improve their health literacy. 20 (74.1%) said that online methods were more convenient and that they were able and willing to search for health information online.

Conclusions

Perceived behavioral control has a positive impact on the intention and behavior of health literacy self-improvement, and there are differences between different genders and personal annual incomes. Rural residents in Changzhou city generally believe that health literacy is important, but they have not yet formed the motivation to learn health-related knowledge and skills.

, authors=Xiaoxuan XU1, Ying DENG1, Junyan LIANG1, Hongyan TANG2, Hua YOU1, authorsList=Xiaoxuan XU, Ying DENG, Junyan LIANG, Hongyan TANG, Hua YOU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hongyan TANG, Hua YOU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
TANG Hongyan, E-mail:
YOU Hua, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2025 Chinese Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1321169773929550166, articleId=1321169771194863952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=CN, title=基于计划行为理论常州市农村居民健康素养自我提升意向和行为及其影响因素定量与定性混合方法学分析, columnId=1320427686770622717, journalTitle=中国公共卫生, columnName=调查报告与分析, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

了解江苏省常州市农村居民健康素养自我提升意向和行为及其影响因素,为提高该地区农村居民的健康素养水平提供参考依据。

方法

于2024年5—6月采用多阶段随机抽样方法在常州市武进区和金坛区抽取605名农村居民进行问卷调查,并随机抽取其中27名农村居民进行深入访谈,基于计划行为理论(TPB)采用定量和定性的混合方法学研究分析常州市农村居民健康素养自我提升意向和行为及其影响因素。

结果

常州市参与问卷调查的605名农村居民健康素养自我提升意向和行为的平均分分别为(14.75±2.81)和(23.99±7.03)分,TPB理论中的行为态度、主观规范和感知行为控制的平均分分别为(11.97±2.41)、(11.34±2.35)和(16.38±2.17)分;结构方程模型分析结果显示,感知行为控制对农村居民健康素养自我提升意向(β=0.68,P<0.001)和行为(β=0.17,P=0.001)均具有正向影响,性别对感知行为控制到健康素养自我提升意向(diff β=0.02,P=0.002)和行为(diff β=0.04,P=0.021)的路径具有调节作用,个人年收入对感知行为控制到健康素养自我提升意向(diff β=0.15,P=0.001)和行为(diff β=0.19,P<0.001)的路径亦具有调节作用。常州市27名参与访谈的农村居民中,认为健康素养的提升非常重要且有必要去学习健康知识和技能者25人(92.6%),但愿意采取提升健康素养的行为者仅为8人(29.6%);表示由于自身健康状况的需求才会去关注一些有助于自身疾病预防控制的健康知识技能且平时很少与家人、朋友交流者16人(59.3%);表示自己虽然愿意去咨询医生等来提升健康素养但从村医方面获得的帮助有限者10人(37.0%);表示如果有合适、简便的提升途径会找机会去学习者13人(48.1%);表示线上方式比较方便且自己有能力和愿意通过线上方式搜寻健康信息者20人(74.1%)。

结论

感知行为控制对健康素养自我提升意向和行为具有积极影响,且不同性别和个人年收入间存在差异,常州市农村居民普遍认为健康素养很重要,但尚未形成学习健康相关知识和技能的动机。

, authors=徐晓轩1, 邓莹1, 梁君妍1, 唐红艳2, *, *, 尤华1, *, *, authorsList=徐晓轩, 邓莹, 梁君妍, 唐红艳, 尤华, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=唐红艳, 尤华, authorNote=

徐晓轩(2001—),硕士在读,研究方向:公共卫生

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唐红艳,E-mail:
尤华,E-mail:
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徐晓轩(2001—),硕士在读,研究方向:公共卫生

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徐晓轩(2001—),硕士在读,研究方向:公共卫生

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注:椭圆代表潜在变量,方形代表调节变量,椭圆之间的箭头代表回归路径,线上数值为回归系数β值;从方形到回归路径的箭头代表不同性别和个人年收入路径系数的差异,线上数值为不同性别和个人年收入路径系数的差值diff β值;a P<0.05,b P<0.01,c P<0.001。

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基于计划行为理论常州市农村居民健康素养自我提升意向和行为及其影响因素定量与定性混合方法学分析
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徐晓轩 1 , 邓莹 1 , 梁君妍 1 , 唐红艳 2, *, * , 尤华 1, *, *
中国公共卫生 | 调查报告与分析 2025,41(7): 848-852
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中国公共卫生 |调查报告与分析 2025 , 41 (7) : 848 -852
基于计划行为理论常州市农村居民健康素养自我提升意向和行为及其影响因素定量与定性混合方法学分析
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徐晓轩1, 邓莹1, 梁君妍1, 唐红艳2, *, * , 尤华1, *, *
作者信息
  • 1南京医科大学公共卫生学院,南京 211166
  • 2常州市疾病预防控制中心,常州 213022
通讯作者:
唐红艳,E-mail:
尤华,E-mail:
作者简介:

徐晓轩(2001—),硕士在读,研究方向:公共卫生

A mixed-methods analysis of health literacy self-improvement intention and behavior, and their influencing factors among rural residents in Changzhou city, based on the theory of planned behavior
Xiaoxuan XU1, Ying DENG1, Junyan LIANG1, Hongyan TANG2 , Hua YOU1
Affiliations
  • 1School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
  • 2Changzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changzhou 213022, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    TANG Hongyan, E-mail:
    YOU Hua, E-mail:
出版时间: 2025-07-10 doi: 10.11847/zgggws1146083
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目的

了解江苏省常州市农村居民健康素养自我提升意向和行为及其影响因素,为提高该地区农村居民的健康素养水平提供参考依据。

方法

于2024年5—6月采用多阶段随机抽样方法在常州市武进区和金坛区抽取605名农村居民进行问卷调查,并随机抽取其中27名农村居民进行深入访谈,基于计划行为理论(TPB)采用定量和定性的混合方法学研究分析常州市农村居民健康素养自我提升意向和行为及其影响因素。

结果

常州市参与问卷调查的605名农村居民健康素养自我提升意向和行为的平均分分别为(14.75±2.81)和(23.99±7.03)分,TPB理论中的行为态度、主观规范和感知行为控制的平均分分别为(11.97±2.41)、(11.34±2.35)和(16.38±2.17)分;结构方程模型分析结果显示,感知行为控制对农村居民健康素养自我提升意向(β=0.68,P<0.001)和行为(β=0.17,P=0.001)均具有正向影响,性别对感知行为控制到健康素养自我提升意向(diff β=0.02,P=0.002)和行为(diff β=0.04,P=0.021)的路径具有调节作用,个人年收入对感知行为控制到健康素养自我提升意向(diff β=0.15,P=0.001)和行为(diff β=0.19,P<0.001)的路径亦具有调节作用。常州市27名参与访谈的农村居民中,认为健康素养的提升非常重要且有必要去学习健康知识和技能者25人(92.6%),但愿意采取提升健康素养的行为者仅为8人(29.6%);表示由于自身健康状况的需求才会去关注一些有助于自身疾病预防控制的健康知识技能且平时很少与家人、朋友交流者16人(59.3%);表示自己虽然愿意去咨询医生等来提升健康素养但从村医方面获得的帮助有限者10人(37.0%);表示如果有合适、简便的提升途径会找机会去学习者13人(48.1%);表示线上方式比较方便且自己有能力和愿意通过线上方式搜寻健康信息者20人(74.1%)。

结论

感知行为控制对健康素养自我提升意向和行为具有积极影响,且不同性别和个人年收入间存在差异,常州市农村居民普遍认为健康素养很重要,但尚未形成学习健康相关知识和技能的动机。

健康素养  /  自我提升  /  意向  /  行为  /  影响因素  /  混合方法学分析  /  计划行为理论(TPB)  /  农村居民  /  常州市
Objective

To understand the intention and behavior of rural residents in Changzhou city, Jiangsu province, to improve their health literacy and its influencing factors, so as to provide a reference for improving the health literacy level of rural residents in this area.

Methods

From May to June 2024, a multi-stage random sampling method was used to select 605 rural residents in Wujin district and Jintan district of Changzhou city for a questionnaire survey, and 27 rural residents were randomly selected for in-depth interviews. Based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), a mixed quantitative and qualitative methodology was used to analyze the intention and behavior of rural residents in Changzhou city to improve their health literacy and its influencing factors.

Results

The average scores of health literacy self-improvement intention and behavior of 605 rural residents in Changzhou city who participated in the questionnaire survey were (14.75 ± 2.81) and (23.99 ± 7.03), respectively. The average scores of behavioral attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control in TPB theory were (11.97 ± 2.41), (11.34 ± 2.35), and (16.38 ± 2.17), respectively. The results of structural equation model analysis showed that perceived behavioral control had a positive impact on both the intention (β = 0.68, P < 0.001) and behavior (β = 0.17, P = 0.001) of rural residents to improve their health literacy. Gender moderated the path from perceived behavioral control to health literacy self-improvement intention (diff β = 0.02, P = 0.002) and behavior (diff β = 0.04, P = 0.021). Personal annual income also moderated the path from perceived behavioral control to health literacy self-improvement intention (diff β = 0.15, P = 0.001) and behavior (diff β = 0.19, P < 0.001). Among the 27 rural residents in Changzhou city who participated in the interviews, 25 (92.6%) believed that improving health literacy was very important and that it was necessary to learn health knowledge and skills, but only 8 (29.6%) were willing to take actions to improve their health literacy. 16 (59.3%) said that they would only pay attention to health knowledge and skills that were helpful for the prevention and control of their own diseases due to their own health needs and rarely communicated with their family and friends. 10 (37.0%) said that although they were willing to consult doctors to improve their health literacy, the help they received from village doctors was limited. 13 (48.1%) said that they would look for opportunities to learn if there were suitable and convenient ways to improve their health literacy. 20 (74.1%) said that online methods were more convenient and that they were able and willing to search for health information online.

Conclusions

Perceived behavioral control has a positive impact on the intention and behavior of health literacy self-improvement, and there are differences between different genders and personal annual incomes. Rural residents in Changzhou city generally believe that health literacy is important, but they have not yet formed the motivation to learn health-related knowledge and skills.

health literacy  /  self-improvement  /  intention  /  behavior  /  influencing factors  /  mixed-methods analysis  /  theory of planned behavior (TPB)  /  rural residents  /  Changzhou city
徐晓轩, 邓莹, 梁君妍, 唐红艳, 尤华. 基于计划行为理论常州市农村居民健康素养自我提升意向和行为及其影响因素定量与定性混合方法学分析. 中国公共卫生, 2025 , 41 (7) : 848 -852 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1146083
Xiaoxuan XU, Ying DENG, Junyan LIANG, Hongyan TANG, Hua YOU. A mixed-methods analysis of health literacy self-improvement intention and behavior, and their influencing factors among rural residents in Changzhou city, based on the theory of planned behavior[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2025 , 41 (7) : 848 -852 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1146083
研究表明,中国居民健康素养水平虽呈逐年上升趋势,但城乡之间差异明显,农村居民的健康素养水平仍然较低[1]。农村居民的健康素养相对较低是一个负性的认知和能力的结局,其前置问题在于农村居民是否具有主动提升健康素养的意向以及是否有主动提升健康素养的行为。健康素养包括基本知识和理念、健康生活方式与行为和基本技能3方面内容[2],其水平的提高离不开居民主动提升健康素养的行为,包括主动获取健康信息、学习健康知识和技能、知晓健康生活方式等。当前关于农村居民健康素养的研究大多是针对健康素养水平现状和影响因素的分析[3–4],较少从居民自身出发对其主动提升健康素养的意向和行为进行研究。为了解江苏省常州市农村居民健康素养自我提升意向和行为及其影响因素,为提高该地区农村居民的健康素养水平提供参考依据,本研究于2024年5—6月采用多阶段随机抽样方法在常州市武进区和金坛区抽取605名农村居民进行问卷调查,并随机抽取其中27名农村居民进行深入访谈,基于计划行为理论(theory of planned behavior, TPB)采用定量和定性的混合方法学研究分析常州市农村居民健康素养自我提升意向和行为及其影响因素。结果报告如下。
采用多阶段随机抽样方法,首先在常州市选取武进区和金坛区作为样本地区,其次在这2个样本地区各随机抽取3个乡镇作为样本乡镇,再次在抽中的6个样本乡镇中各随机抽取1个村作为样本村,从次在抽中的6个样本村中各随机抽取100个家庭户作为样本家庭户,最后在抽中的样本家庭户中各招募1名家庭成员作为调查对象进行问卷调查,最终共调查605人。在问卷调查的基础上,本研究随机抽取其中27名调查对象进行了深入访谈,深入挖掘常州市农村居民健康素养自我提升意向和行为的相关因素。本研究经常州市疾病预防控制中心医学伦理委员会审查批准(批号:常疾控伦审[2023]05号),且所有调查对象均签署了知情同意书。
采用自行设计调查问卷,由经过统一培训且考核合格的调查员进行面访调查。问卷包括性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、职业和个人年收入等社会人口学特征以及基于TPB理论的常州市农村居民提升健康素养意向和行为调查。TPB主要包括行为态度、主观规范和感知行为控制3个维度,能够从认知自我调节的角度解释个体的行为意图,已被广泛应用于解释与健康相关的行为[5]。其中,行为态度指个体对某种行为正面或负面的评价;主观规范指个体在采取某种行为时感受到的来自周围重要他人或者团体的影响;感知行为控制指个体采取某种行为时对遇到阻碍感知到的难易程度以及个体可以控制或掌握的程度[6]。感知行为控制与自我效能相似,有研究证实自我效能在改变和维持身体活动等健康相关行为方面起着重要作用,高自我效能感的个体可能更愿意接受健康信息、树立健康信念[7–8],这对促进健康素养的提升行为以及提高健康素养水平具有一定的正向作用。TPB的核心观点认为:人们所产生的一系列行为直接取决于行为意向,而行为意向又受行为态度、主观规范和感知行为控制所影响,且感知行为控制又可以直接或间接影响行为[9]。本研究参考TPB理论应用的相关文献[10–11]和与健康素养提升的相关研究[12–14],确定行为态度(3个题目)、主观规范(3个题目)、感知行为控制(4个题目)、提升健康素养的行为意向(4个题目)和提升健康素养实际行为(8个题目)共5个维度22个题目,每个题目按1~5分5级评分,从“非常不同意/从不”到“非常同意/总是”赋1~5分,分数越高说明对题目中的描述越认同以及提升的意向和行为越高。
对常州市纳入研究的27名农村居民进行半结构化访谈,以了解居民主动提升健康素养的意向、行为及可能的影响因素。小组访谈每组设置 1 名主持人和1 名记录员,在获取访谈对象的知情同意后,采用对定性访谈内容进行全程录音,后期转录为文字的方式,保证访谈数据无遗漏。具体访谈提纲为:(1)您认为主动提升健康素养重要吗?为什么?(2)您觉得自己现在需要去学习健康知识和技能吗?为什么?(3)近年来,在学习健康知识技能以及健康生活方式方面,您的家人、朋友和同事等对您有影响吗?(4)您主要通过以及最喜欢哪些渠道或方式来获取健康知识和技能?(5)最近几年,在学习和了解健康知识以及健康生活方式方面,您有什么经验分享或者遇到过什么困难吗?(6)您希望社区开展健康相关活动吗?如果是,希望开展什么类型、主题的活动?
定量研究采用SPSS 25.0和Amos 24.0统计软件进行一般描述性分析、结构方程模型的构建、拟合与验证以及多群组分析调节效应。定性研究在访谈结束后24 h内将访谈录音转录为文本,在NVivo 12软件中采用Colaizzi 7步法分析访谈文本[15],按照行为态度、主观规范和感知行为控制等主题词汇进行编码分析。检验水准为双侧检验α=0.05。
常州市参与问卷调查的605名农村居民中,男性302人(49.9%),女性303人(50.1%);年龄14~71岁,平均年龄(43.7±13.7)岁;文化程度初中及以下301人(49.8%),高中及以上304人(50.2%);婚姻状况未婚95人(15.7%),已婚481人(79.5%),分居/离异/丧偶29人(4.8%);职业为农民113人(18.7%),企业工人411人(67.9%),公务员及事业单位人员62人(10.2%),学生19人(3.1%);个人年收入<50 000元258人(42.6%),≥50 000元347人(57.4%)。
常州市农村居民健康素养自我提升意向和行为的平均分分别为(14.75±2.81)和(23.99±7.03)分,TPB理论中的行为态度、主观规范和感知行为控制的平均分分别为(11.97±2.41)、(11.34±2.35)和(16.38±2.17)分。
本研究在TPB视角下,从健康素养提升意向行为的行为态度、主观规范、感知行为控制、行为意向与实际行为5个要素出发构建了影响常州市农村居民健康素养自我提升意向和行为的理论模型(见图1),并提出以下假设。H1:行为态度对健康素养提升意向有正向影响;H2:主观规范对健康素养提升意向有正向影响;H3:感知行为控制对健康素养提升意向有正向影响;H4:感知行为控制对健康素养提升行为有正向影响;H5:健康素养提升意向对健康素养提升行为有正向影响。基于研究假设的模型拟合结果显示,χ2=489.63,df =201,χ2/df =2.44,近似均方根误差为0.05,拟合度指数为0.93,比较拟合指数为0.96,Tucker-Lewis指数为0.96,标准根均方残差为0.04,模型的拟合结果较好。路径关系分析结果显示,行为态度和主观规范对健康素养自我提升意向的路径系数差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05),感知行为控制对健康素养自我提升意向(β=0.68,P<0.001)和行为(β=0.17,P=0.001)均具有正向影响,健康素养提升意向对健康素养提升行为亦具有正向影响(β=0.55,P<0.001)。
由图2可见,性别对感知行为控制→健康素养提升意向(diff β=0.02,P=0.002)、感知行为控制→健康素养主动提升行为(diff β=0.04,P=0.021)具有一定的调节作用,常州市男性和女性农村居民的感知行为控制与健康素养提升意向和行为之间均呈正相关,且女性农村居民较男性农村居民感知行为控制→健康素养提升意向/行为的路径系数更大;个人年收入对感知行为控制→健康素养提升意向(diff β=0.15,P=0.001)、感知行为控制→健康素养主动提升行为(diff β=0.19,P<0.001)亦具有一定的调节作用,常州市个人年收入<50 000元和≥50 000元农村居民感知行为控制与健康素养提升意向和行为之间均呈正相关,且个人年收入≥50 000元农村居民较个人年收入<50 000元农村居民感知行为控制→健康素养提升意向/行为的路径系数更大。
常州市参与访谈的27名农村居民的编码为P1~P27;其中,男性8人(29.6%),女性19人(70.4%);年龄31~68岁,平均年龄(54.56±8.01)岁;职业为农民12人(44.4%),工人3人(11.1%),小学教师1人(3.7%),村医2人(7.4%),村干部6人(22.2%),个体户3人(11.1%)。
常州市参与访谈的27名农村居民中,认为健康素养的提升非常重要且有必要去学习健康知识和技能者25人(92.6%),但愿意采取提升健康素养的行为者仅为8人(29.6%)。如,P16:“会看健康知识,也觉得重要,但平时因干活太忙难以顾及这些事情。”P5:“健康知识肯定是很重要的,但理解起来有时候对我来说不容易。”P12:“重要,但是有时候就是不想学。”
常州市参与访谈的27名农村居民中,表示由于自身健康状况的需求才会去关注一些有助于自身疾病预防控制的健康知识技能且平时很少与家人、朋友交流者16人(59.3%)。如,P24:“平时和家人不太交流这些,因为天天忙着带宝宝。”P1:“嗯,都不管,都比较独立。”P25:“小孩也不在身边,觉得平时身体还可以,不怎么交流这个。”P20:“和邻居朋友几乎不会聊防病什么的,大都没这个意识。”此外,表示自己虽然愿意去咨询医生等来提升健康素养但从村医方面获得的帮助有限者10人(37.0%)。如,P6:“自己不懂的,会去卫生室问医生他们,但是村医很少介绍健康知识和技能,还是看病为主。”
常州市参与访谈的27名农村居民中,表示如果有合适、简便的提升途径会找机会去学习者13人(48.1%)。如,P13:“讲座是需要的,就是讲座最好要简单地讲解,能让人容易理解。”表示线上方式比较方便且自己有能力和愿意通过线上方式搜寻健康信息者20人(74.1%)。如,P11:“线上比较方便,有时候身体上有点什么,我在网上一搜就能找到。”此外,表示学习健康知识技能需要坚持养成好习惯者6人(22.2%),如,P20:“靠自己坚持形成一个习惯,这是最困难的,比如,想要戒烟戒酒需要自律性很强才行。”
整合定量和定性分析结果后发现,两者在阐述常州市农村居民健康素养自我提升意向和行为的影响因素方面相互补充和验证。定量研究结果显示,行为态度和主观规范对自我提升健康素养意向无显著影响,而感知行为控制则能够促进常州市农村居民健康素养自我提升的意向和行为。定性研究结果显示,常州市农村居民普遍认为健康素养很重要,但是尚未形成学习健康相关知识和技能的动机,且与家人和朋友在健康方面的交流较少,而村医发挥的影响有限;此外,受访者表示能够通过简便、易理解的方式进行学习来提升健康素养,且认为需要较强的自律能力才能坚持。
本研究基于TPB理论采用定量和定性的混合方法学研究分析常州市农村居民健康素养自我提升意向和行为及其影响因素。结果显示,常州市农村居民健康素养自我提升意向和行为的平均分分别为(14.75±2.81)和(23.99±7.03)分,提示该地区农村居民健康素养的提升仍存在空间,建议为当地农村居民提供适合的健康素养提升渠道和宣传方式以增强其实践能力与信心。
本研究定量分析结果显示,在TPB理论的3个维度中,仅有感知行为控制对常州市农村居民健康素养自我提升意向和行为影响差异有统计学意义,而行为态度和主观规范则无显著影响。定性研究中的访谈结果亦显示,虽然大多数农村居民认为健康素养的提升很重要,但由于工作忙、时间有限和自身文化素质偏低等难以形成学习和提升健康素养的行为动机[3,16],无法为提升健康素养付出实际行动;且农村居民虽然也大多关注自身存在的健康问题,但外界压力等对居民提升健康素养的影响较小,李瑞等[17]研究表明要强化健康优先理念,使居民认识到健康的重要性并充分发挥其个人能动性,自主地学习和掌握健康知识和技能。因此,在进行农村居民健康素养提升的干预中,要更加注重农村居民自身对于提升健康素养水平的主动性,促进态度到意向再到行为的转化。
本研究结构方程模型路径结果显示,感知行为控制对农村居民健康素养自我提升意向(β=0.68,P<0.001)和行为(β=0.17,P=0.001)均具有重要的正向影响。感知行为控制与自我效能相似,在居民健康素养水平的提升中发挥着重要的作用[8],感知行为控制越好,越有可能主动去提升自身的健康素养。既往关于农村居民健康相关行为的研究中感知行为控制亦体现出同样的重要性[18–19]。
本研究定性访谈结果显示,对于一些不良生活习惯和危害健康行为,改变行为的难度较大,易因畏难情绪而造成较低的行为控制感知。因此,在一些以难以改变的行为为干预目标的健康教育中,需要考虑先易后难、循序渐进的健康教育策略。在访谈中还得知,如果为农村居民提供容易理解、方便的健康素养提升方式,其对行动的障碍感将大大降低,可能更有意愿去学习健康知识。因此,对于促进农村居民提升健康素养,可以将干预重点放在提高其感知行为控制上,避免采取一些盲目无效的措施。在今后的农村健康素养科普工作中可以加强新媒体传播方式的使用和推广,结合农村居民的实际情况开展适合的科普宣传与培训[1],增强农村居民对健康知识技能的理解与掌握,增加其自信心,从而促进健康素养自我提升的意向和行为。
本研究结果还显示,性别对感知行为控制到健康素养自我提升意向(diff β=0.02,P=0.002)和行为(diff β=0.04,P=0.021)的路径具有调节作用,个人年收入对感知行为控制到健康素养自我提升意向(diff β=0.15,P=0.001)和行为(diff β=0.19,P<0.001)的路径亦具有调节作用,且感知行为控制因素对女性和个人年收入≥50 000元农村居民健康素养自我提升意向和行为的影响作用更大,这与包明林等[20]和王笑露等[21]的研究结果均一致。对女性居民的影响作用较大可能与其对于健康相关信息服务的需求较高以及日常健康知识接受途径和行为习惯的养成较好有关[22],因此应鼓励更多女性居民参与到干预中,通过她们来进一步影响周围人,从而更有可能实现意向到行为的转变。对个人年收入≥50 000元居民的影响作用较大则可能与收入较高的居民更加注重自身健康状况且对卫生保健方面有更高的资源需求,同时也有能力来进行健康相关行为维护自身健康有关[23]。因此,在进行健康素养提升的干预时,应考虑不同收入水平人群之间的差异性,注意干预的力度和采取合适的干预措施。

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2025年第41卷第7期
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doi: 10.11847/zgggws1146083
  • 接收时间:2024-10-04
  • 首发时间:2026-10-25
  • 出版时间:2025-07-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-04
  • 修回日期:2025-01-02
  • 录用日期:2025-04-19
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    1南京医科大学公共卫生学院,南京 211166
    2常州市疾病预防控制中心,常州 213022

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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species
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属
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species
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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