Article(id=1321169637056820124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1321169578152014376, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11847/zgggws1148245, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1750089600000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-17, revisedDate=1755792000000, revisedDateStr=2025-08-22, acceptedDate=1759161600000, acceptedDateStr=2025-09-30, onlineDate=1792920987619, onlineDateStr=2026-10-25, pubDate=1760025600000, pubDateStr=2025-10-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792920987619, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792920987619, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792920987619, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1321169578152014376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, year='2025', volume='41', issue='10', pageStart='1153', pageEnd='1280', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1760025600000', pubDateStr='2025-10-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792920973575, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792920973575, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1213, endPage=1219, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1321169637274923933, articleId=1321169637056820124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=EN, title=Characteristics of HIV/AIDS cases identified in medical institutions versus voluntary counseling and testing clinics in Liaoning province, 2018–2024, columnId=1320427686514770171, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Public Health, columnName=Survey and Report, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To compare the characteristics of HIV/AIDS cases detected through medical institutions and voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) clinics in Liaoning province, China, from 2018 to 2024.

Methods

Data on newly reported HIV/AIDS cases, follow-up information, and HIV testing volumes from 2018 to 2024 were extracted from the AIDS Comprehensive Prevention and Control Information System of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Demographic and clinical characteristics of cases from the two detection channels were compared using the chi-square test. Trends in crude detection rates were analyzed using Joinpoint regression to calculate the average annual percent change (AAPC).

Results

From 2018 to 2024, 9 314 and 4 657 HIV/AIDS cases were detected through medical institutions and VCT clinics, respectively. Both channels showed significant declining trends in crude detection rates (medical institutions: AAPC = –5.78%, P = 0.036; VCT clinics: AAPC = –12.38%, P = 0.009). Significant differences (P < 0.001) were observed in all demographic characteristics (gender, age, education, marital status, occupation). Cases from medical institutions were predominantly male (89.50%), aged 20–39 years (51.21%), had a junior high school education or below (46.17%), and were infected via male-to-male sexual contact (59.30%). In contrast, cases from VCT clinics had a higher proportion of males (94.09%), were younger (63.62% aged 20–39), had a higher education level (44.56% with college or above), and a greater proportion were infected via male-to-male sexual contact (78.48%). A stark contrast was noted in the initial CD4+ T lymphocyte count: 44.07% of cases from medical institutions had a count < 200 cells/μL, whereas 42.97% from VCT clinics had a count ≥ 350 cells/μL (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Significant differences exist in the characteristics of HIV/AIDS cases detected through medical institutions and VCT clinics in Liaoning province. Medical institutions serve as the primary case detection channel, while VCT clinics play a crucial role in identifying cases at an earlier disease stage. Public health strategies should leverage the complementary advantages of both approaches to promote early HIV testing and case detection.

, authors=Lixiang SUN, Dan ZHOU, Shan PAN, Haiyang YU, Ya′nan TAO, authorsList=Lixiang SUN, Dan ZHOU, Shan PAN, Haiyang YU, Ya′nan TAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Dan ZHOU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
ZHOU Dan, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2025 Chinese Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1321169640097690530, articleId=1321169637056820124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=CN, title=2018—2024年辽宁省医疗机构及自愿咨询检测发现的HIV/AIDS患者特征分析, columnId=1320427686770622717, journalTitle=中国公共卫生, columnName=调查报告与分析, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分析2018—2024年辽宁省医疗机构与自愿咨询检测(VCT)发现的HIV/AIDS患者特征差异,为扩大艾滋病检测、促进艾滋病患者早发现提供依据。

方法

通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统艾滋病综合防治信息系统,收集2018—2024年新报告的HIV/AIDS患者历史卡片、随访数据以及艾滋病检测份数表数据;采用χ2检验比较医疗机构与VCT的HIV/AIDS患者特征差异,运用Joinpoint回归模型分析2种检测途径粗检出率的变化趋势。

结果

2018—2024年辽宁省医疗机构共检测发现HIV/AIDS患者9 314例,粗检出率呈下降趋势(AAPC= –5.78%,P=0.036)。VCT共检测发现HIV/AIDS患者4 657例,粗检出率呈下降趋势(AAPC= –12.38%,P=0.009)。医疗机构检测发现患者中以男性(89.50%)、20~<40岁年龄组(51.21%)、初中及以下(46.17%)、同性传播(59.30%)为主。VCT检测发现患者中以男性(94.09%)、20~<40岁年龄组(63.62%)、大专及以上(44.56%)、同性传播(78.48%)为主。2018—2024年两种途径发现的HIV/AIDS患者性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、职业等人口学特征构成比差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。医疗机构发现的HIV/AIDS患者首次CD4+T淋巴细胞值<200 cells/μL占比为44.07%,VCT发现的患者≥350 cells/μL占比42.97%,差异均有统计学意义((P<0.001)。

结论

辽宁省医疗机构与自愿咨询检测发现的HIV/AIDS患者特征存在差异。医疗机构是发现患者的主要途径,VCT是能够发现早期患者的重要手段。需充分发挥两者优势,促进感染者早检测、早发现。

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孙笠翔(1981—),主任医师,硕士,研究方向:艾滋病预防控制

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周丹,E-mail:
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articleId=1321169637056820124, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=Liaoning province), Keyword(id=1321169642517803972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321169637056820124, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=艾滋病病毒感染者/艾滋病患者(HIV/AIDS)), Keyword(id=1321169642618467269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321169637056820124, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=医疗机构), Keyword(id=1321169642693964742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321169637056820124, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=自愿咨询检测(VCT)), Keyword(id=1321169642786239431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321169637056820124, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=辽宁省)], refs=[Reference(id=1321169649044141010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321169637056820124, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, 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Annual HIV testing at medical institutions and VCT clinics in Liaoning Province (2018–2024): person-times of tests, number of positive cases, and crude detection rate (1/10 000)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份医疗机构VCT
检测数/人次发现患者数/例粗检出率/(1/10 000)检测数/人次发现患者数/例粗检出率/(1/10 000)
20184 536 0391 3803.04101 8801 142112.09
20194 740 8931 5233.21103 66394791.35
20204 101 0061 4233.47106 49955952.49
20214 699 1681 5733.3596 60654055.90
20224 410 0231 2462.8392 10736940.06
20235 507 8231 1542.10101 11156455.78
20245 779 7501 0151.7693 26653657.47
合计33 774 7029 3142.76695 1324 65766.99
), ArticleFig(id=1321169645080523725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321169637056820124, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2018—2024年辽宁省医疗机构和VCT HIV检测结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份医疗机构VCT
检测数/人次发现患者数/例粗检出率/(1/10 000)检测数/人次发现患者数/例粗检出率/(1/10 000)
20184 536 0391 3803.04101 8801 142112.09
20194 740 8931 5233.21103 66394791.35
20204 101 0061 4233.47106 49955952.49
20214 699 1681 5733.3596 60654055.90
20224 410 0231 2462.8392 10736940.06
20235 507 8231 1542.10101 11156455.78
20245 779 7501 0151.7693 26653657.47
合计33 774 7029 3142.76695 1324 65766.99
), ArticleFig(id=1321169645164409806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321169637056820124, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Demographics and transmission routes of HIV/AIDS cases identified in medical institutions and VCT clinics in Liaoning Province, by year, 2018–2024

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量2018年2019年2020年2021年2022年2023年2024年合计
医疗机构
(n=1 380)
VCT
(n=1 142)
医疗机构
(n=1 523)
VCT
(n=947)
医疗机构
(n=1 423)
VCT
(n=559)
医疗机构
(n=1 573)
VCT
(n=540)
医疗机构
(n=1 246)
VCT
(n=369)
医疗机构
(n=1 154)
VCT
(n=564)
医疗机构
(n=1 015)
VCT
(n=536)
医疗机构
(n=9314)
VCT
(n=4657)
性别
 男1 243(90.07)1 080(94.57)1 355(88.97)890(93.98)1 278(89.81)a524(93.74)1 428(90.78)a511(94.63)1 130(90.69)b347(94.04)1 008(87.35)533(94.50)894(88.08)a497(92.72)8336(89.50)4382(94.09)
 女137(9.93)62(5.43)168(11.03)57(6.02)145(10.19)35(6.26)145(9.22)29(5.37)116(9.31)22(5.96)146(12.65)31(5.50)121(11.92)39(7.28)978(10.50)275(5.91)
年龄组∕岁
 <2047(3.41)44(3.85)53(3.48)44(4.65)48(3.37)21(3.76)54(3.43)30(5.56)40(3.21)a19(5.15)44(3.81)27(4.79)38(3.74)29(5.41)324(3.48)214(4.60)
 20~<40695(50.36)767(67.16)773(50.76)627(66.21)750(52.71)370(66.19)878(55.82)338(62.59)665(53.37)228(61.79)548(47.49)353(62.59)461(45.42)280(52.24)4770(51.21)2 963(63.62)
 40~<60501(36.30)289(25.31)540(35.46)245(25.87)482(33.87)145(25.94)489(31.09)151(27.96)397(31.86)100(27.1)412(35.70)149(26.42)369(36.35)187(34.89)3 190(34.25)1 266(27.18)
 ≥60137(9.93)42(3.68)157(10.31)31(3.27)143(10.05)23(4.11)152(9.66)21(3.89)144(11.56)22(5.96)150(13.00)35(6.21)147(14.48)40(7.46)1 030(11.06)214(4.60)
文化程度
 初中及以下651(47.17)389(34.06)730(47.93)320(33.79)645(45.33)a201(35.96)723(45.96)190(35.19)527(42.30)a128(34.69)529(45.84)189(33.51)495(48.77)208(38.81)4300(46.17)1 625(34.89)
 高中或中专294(21.30)232(20.32)311(20.42)198(20.91)310(21.78)135(24.15)315(20.03)108(20.00)251(20.14)84(22.76)216(18.72)105(18.62)182(17.93)95(17.72)1 879(20.17)957(20.55)
 大专及以上435(31.52)521(45.62)482(31.65)429(45.30)468(32.89)223(39.89)535(34.01)242(44.81)468(37.56)157(42.55)409(35.44)270(47.87)338(33.30)233(43.47)3 135(33.66)2075(44.56)
婚姻状况
 未婚634(45.94)737(64.54)714(46.88)597(63.04)693(48.70)a328(58.68)825(52.45)339(62.78)672(53.93)240(65.04)555(48.09)373(66.13)472(46.50)313(58.40)4565(49.01)2 927(62.85)
 已婚有配偶392(28.41)203(17.78)439(28.82)188(19.85)413(29.02)125(22.36)447(28.42)96(17.78)342(27.45)59(15.99)335(29.03)93(16.49)320(31.53)112(20.90)2 688(28.86)876(18.81)
 离异或丧偶351(25.43)201(17.60)361(23.70)161(17.00)302(21.22)106(18.96)296(18.82)105(19.44)225(18.06)70(18.97)261(22.62)98(17.38)220(21.67)111(20.71)2016(21.64)852(18.30)
 不详3(0.22)1(0.09)9(0.59)1(0.11)15(1.05)0(0.00)5(0.32)0(0.00)7(0.56)0(0.00)3(0.26)0(0.00)3(0.30)0(0.00)45(0.48)2(0.04)
职业
 家政、家务及待业730(52.90)661(57.88)825(54.17)549(57.97)785(55.17)370(66.19)914(58.11)358(66.30)773(62.04)a245(66.40)684(59.27)361(64.01)588(57.93)341(63.62)5299(56.89)2 885(61.95)
 农民189(13.70)53(4.64)221(14.51)47(4.96)190(13.35)38(6.80)194(12.33)33(6.11)130(10.43)32(8.67)152(13.17)35(6.21)159(15.67)35(6.53)1 235(13.26)273(5.86)
 工人92(6.67)48(4.20)100(6.57)42(4.44)85(5.97)24(4.29)75(4.77)26(4.81)59(4.74)15(4.07)54(4.68)17(3.01)51(5.02)28(5.22)516(5.54)200(4.29)
 商业服务37(2.68)90(7.88)36(2.36)91(9.61)51(3.58)38(6.80)66(4.20)26(4.81)51(4.09)22(5.96)34(2.95)34(6.03)30(2.96)21(3.92)305(3.27)322(6.91)
 学生40(2.90)71(6.22)47(3.09)52(5.49)44(3.09)23(4.11)50(3.18)27(5.00)28(2.25)18(4.88)54(4.68)37(6.56)43(4.24)33(6.16)306(3.29)261(5.60)
 其他292(21.16)219(19.18)294(19.30)166(17.53)268(18.83)66(11.81)274(17.42)70(12.96)205(16.45)37(10.03)176(15.25)80(14.18)144(14.19)78(14.55)1 653(17.75)716(15.37)
传播途径
 同性传播828(60.00)898(78.63)842(55.29)749(79.09)827(58.12)436(78.00)978(62.17)422(78.15)773(62.04)285(77.24)684(59.27)460(81.56)591(58.23)405(75.56)5523(59.30)3655(78.48)
 异性传播495(35.87)220(19.26)608(39.92)191(20.17)536(37.67)113(20.21)559(35.54)113(20.93)405(32.50)74(20.05)445(38.56)102(18.09)406(40.00)126(23.51)3454(37.08)939(20.16)
 其他57(4.13)24(2.10)73(4.79)7(0.74)60(4.22)10(1.79)36(2.29)5(0.93)68(5.46)10(2.71)25(2.17)2(0.35)18(1.77)5(0.93)337(3.62)63(1.35)
), ArticleFig(id=1321169645273461711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321169637056820124, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

2018—2024年辽宁省医疗机构和VCT发现的HIV/AIDS患者特征构成

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量2018年2019年2020年2021年2022年2023年2024年合计
医疗机构
(n=1 380)
VCT
(n=1 142)
医疗机构
(n=1 523)
VCT
(n=947)
医疗机构
(n=1 423)
VCT
(n=559)
医疗机构
(n=1 573)
VCT
(n=540)
医疗机构
(n=1 246)
VCT
(n=369)
医疗机构
(n=1 154)
VCT
(n=564)
医疗机构
(n=1 015)
VCT
(n=536)
医疗机构
(n=9314)
VCT
(n=4657)
性别
 男1 243(90.07)1 080(94.57)1 355(88.97)890(93.98)1 278(89.81)a524(93.74)1 428(90.78)a511(94.63)1 130(90.69)b347(94.04)1 008(87.35)533(94.50)894(88.08)a497(92.72)8336(89.50)4382(94.09)
 女137(9.93)62(5.43)168(11.03)57(6.02)145(10.19)35(6.26)145(9.22)29(5.37)116(9.31)22(5.96)146(12.65)31(5.50)121(11.92)39(7.28)978(10.50)275(5.91)
年龄组∕岁
 <2047(3.41)44(3.85)53(3.48)44(4.65)48(3.37)21(3.76)54(3.43)30(5.56)40(3.21)a19(5.15)44(3.81)27(4.79)38(3.74)29(5.41)324(3.48)214(4.60)
 20~<40695(50.36)767(67.16)773(50.76)627(66.21)750(52.71)370(66.19)878(55.82)338(62.59)665(53.37)228(61.79)548(47.49)353(62.59)461(45.42)280(52.24)4770(51.21)2 963(63.62)
 40~<60501(36.30)289(25.31)540(35.46)245(25.87)482(33.87)145(25.94)489(31.09)151(27.96)397(31.86)100(27.1)412(35.70)149(26.42)369(36.35)187(34.89)3 190(34.25)1 266(27.18)
 ≥60137(9.93)42(3.68)157(10.31)31(3.27)143(10.05)23(4.11)152(9.66)21(3.89)144(11.56)22(5.96)150(13.00)35(6.21)147(14.48)40(7.46)1 030(11.06)214(4.60)
文化程度
 初中及以下651(47.17)389(34.06)730(47.93)320(33.79)645(45.33)a201(35.96)723(45.96)190(35.19)527(42.30)a128(34.69)529(45.84)189(33.51)495(48.77)208(38.81)4300(46.17)1 625(34.89)
 高中或中专294(21.30)232(20.32)311(20.42)198(20.91)310(21.78)135(24.15)315(20.03)108(20.00)251(20.14)84(22.76)216(18.72)105(18.62)182(17.93)95(17.72)1 879(20.17)957(20.55)
 大专及以上435(31.52)521(45.62)482(31.65)429(45.30)468(32.89)223(39.89)535(34.01)242(44.81)468(37.56)157(42.55)409(35.44)270(47.87)338(33.30)233(43.47)3 135(33.66)2075(44.56)
婚姻状况
 未婚634(45.94)737(64.54)714(46.88)597(63.04)693(48.70)a328(58.68)825(52.45)339(62.78)672(53.93)240(65.04)555(48.09)373(66.13)472(46.50)313(58.40)4565(49.01)2 927(62.85)
 已婚有配偶392(28.41)203(17.78)439(28.82)188(19.85)413(29.02)125(22.36)447(28.42)96(17.78)342(27.45)59(15.99)335(29.03)93(16.49)320(31.53)112(20.90)2 688(28.86)876(18.81)
 离异或丧偶351(25.43)201(17.60)361(23.70)161(17.00)302(21.22)106(18.96)296(18.82)105(19.44)225(18.06)70(18.97)261(22.62)98(17.38)220(21.67)111(20.71)2016(21.64)852(18.30)
 不详3(0.22)1(0.09)9(0.59)1(0.11)15(1.05)0(0.00)5(0.32)0(0.00)7(0.56)0(0.00)3(0.26)0(0.00)3(0.30)0(0.00)45(0.48)2(0.04)
职业
 家政、家务及待业730(52.90)661(57.88)825(54.17)549(57.97)785(55.17)370(66.19)914(58.11)358(66.30)773(62.04)a245(66.40)684(59.27)361(64.01)588(57.93)341(63.62)5299(56.89)2 885(61.95)
 农民189(13.70)53(4.64)221(14.51)47(4.96)190(13.35)38(6.80)194(12.33)33(6.11)130(10.43)32(8.67)152(13.17)35(6.21)159(15.67)35(6.53)1 235(13.26)273(5.86)
 工人92(6.67)48(4.20)100(6.57)42(4.44)85(5.97)24(4.29)75(4.77)26(4.81)59(4.74)15(4.07)54(4.68)17(3.01)51(5.02)28(5.22)516(5.54)200(4.29)
 商业服务37(2.68)90(7.88)36(2.36)91(9.61)51(3.58)38(6.80)66(4.20)26(4.81)51(4.09)22(5.96)34(2.95)34(6.03)30(2.96)21(3.92)305(3.27)322(6.91)
 学生40(2.90)71(6.22)47(3.09)52(5.49)44(3.09)23(4.11)50(3.18)27(5.00)28(2.25)18(4.88)54(4.68)37(6.56)43(4.24)33(6.16)306(3.29)261(5.60)
 其他292(21.16)219(19.18)294(19.30)166(17.53)268(18.83)66(11.81)274(17.42)70(12.96)205(16.45)37(10.03)176(15.25)80(14.18)144(14.19)78(14.55)1 653(17.75)716(15.37)
传播途径
 同性传播828(60.00)898(78.63)842(55.29)749(79.09)827(58.12)436(78.00)978(62.17)422(78.15)773(62.04)285(77.24)684(59.27)460(81.56)591(58.23)405(75.56)5523(59.30)3655(78.48)
 异性传播495(35.87)220(19.26)608(39.92)191(20.17)536(37.67)113(20.21)559(35.54)113(20.93)405(32.50)74(20.05)445(38.56)102(18.09)406(40.00)126(23.51)3454(37.08)939(20.16)
 其他57(4.13)24(2.10)73(4.79)7(0.74)60(4.22)10(1.79)36(2.29)5(0.93)68(5.46)10(2.71)25(2.17)2(0.35)18(1.77)5(0.93)337(3.62)63(1.35)
), ArticleFig(id=1321169645378319312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321169637056820124, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Annual differences in initial CD4+ T-cell counts (<200, 200–<350, ≥350 cells/μL) between HIV/AIDS cases diagnosed in medical institutions versus VCT clinics, Liaoning Province, 2018–2024

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年份CD4+T<200 cells/μLCD4+T 200~<350 cells/μLCD4+T≥350cells/μL总计χ2 值P值
医疗机构VCT医疗机构VCT医疗机构VCT医疗机构VCT
2018523(45.09)255(23.99)293(25.26)333(31.33)344(29.66)475(44.68)1 1601 063111.809<0.001
2019571(43.65)226(25.68)345(26.38)263(29.89)392(29.97)391(44.43)1 30888079.73<0.001
2020476(43.71)126(27.33)248(22.77)137(29.72)365(33.52)198(42.95)1 08946136.593<0.001
2021493(42.28)124(27.13)320(27.44)139(30.42)353(30.27)194(42.45)1 16645735.285<0.001
2022400(43.48)71(25.36)214(23.26)89(31.79)306(33.26)120(42.86)92028029.706<0.001
2023421(42.83)155(29.69)258(26.25)131(25.10)304(30.93)236(45.21)98352234.934<0.001
2024448(47.91)181(35.49)238(25.45)150(29.41)249(26.63)179(35.10)93551021.614<0.001
合计3 332(44.07)1 138(27.27)1 916(25.34)1 242(29.76)2 313(30.59)1 793(42.97)7 5614 173336.395<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1321169645483176913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1321169637056820124, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

医疗机构及VCT发现的HIV/AIDS患者首次CD4+T淋巴细胞检测情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份CD4+T<200 cells/μLCD4+T 200~<350 cells/μLCD4+T≥350cells/μL总计χ2 值P值
医疗机构VCT医疗机构VCT医疗机构VCT医疗机构VCT
2018523(45.09)255(23.99)293(25.26)333(31.33)344(29.66)475(44.68)1 1601 063111.809<0.001
2019571(43.65)226(25.68)345(26.38)263(29.89)392(29.97)391(44.43)1 30888079.73<0.001
2020476(43.71)126(27.33)248(22.77)137(29.72)365(33.52)198(42.95)1 08946136.593<0.001
2021493(42.28)124(27.13)320(27.44)139(30.42)353(30.27)194(42.45)1 16645735.285<0.001
2022400(43.48)71(25.36)214(23.26)89(31.79)306(33.26)120(42.86)92028029.706<0.001
2023421(42.83)155(29.69)258(26.25)131(25.10)304(30.93)236(45.21)98352234.934<0.001
2024448(47.91)181(35.49)238(25.45)150(29.41)249(26.63)179(35.10)93551021.614<0.001
合计3 332(44.07)1 138(27.27)1 916(25.34)1 242(29.76)2 313(30.59)1 793(42.97)7 5614 173336.395<0.001
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2018—2024年辽宁省医疗机构及自愿咨询检测发现的HIV/AIDS患者特征分析
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孙笠翔 , 周丹 *, * , 潘珊 , 于海洋 , 陶亚楠
中国公共卫生 | 调查报告与分析 2025,41(10): 1213-1219
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中国公共卫生 |调查报告与分析 2025 , 41 (10) : 1213 -1219
2018—2024年辽宁省医疗机构及自愿咨询检测发现的HIV/AIDS患者特征分析
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孙笠翔, 周丹*, * , 潘珊, 于海洋, 陶亚楠
作者信息
  • 辽宁省疾病预防控制中心艾滋病与性传播疾病预防控制所,沈阳 110172
通讯作者:
周丹,E-mail:
作者简介:

孙笠翔(1981—),主任医师,硕士,研究方向:艾滋病预防控制

Characteristics of HIV/AIDS cases identified in medical institutions versus voluntary counseling and testing clinics in Liaoning province, 2018–2024
Lixiang SUN, Dan ZHOU , Shan PAN, Haiyang YU, Ya′nan TAO
Affiliations
  • Institute of AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Diseases Prevention and Control, Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang 110172, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    ZHOU Dan, E-mail:
出版时间: 2025-10-10 doi: 10.11847/zgggws1148245
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目的

分析2018—2024年辽宁省医疗机构与自愿咨询检测(VCT)发现的HIV/AIDS患者特征差异,为扩大艾滋病检测、促进艾滋病患者早发现提供依据。

方法

通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统艾滋病综合防治信息系统,收集2018—2024年新报告的HIV/AIDS患者历史卡片、随访数据以及艾滋病检测份数表数据;采用χ2检验比较医疗机构与VCT的HIV/AIDS患者特征差异,运用Joinpoint回归模型分析2种检测途径粗检出率的变化趋势。

结果

2018—2024年辽宁省医疗机构共检测发现HIV/AIDS患者9 314例,粗检出率呈下降趋势(AAPC= –5.78%,P=0.036)。VCT共检测发现HIV/AIDS患者4 657例,粗检出率呈下降趋势(AAPC= –12.38%,P=0.009)。医疗机构检测发现患者中以男性(89.50%)、20~<40岁年龄组(51.21%)、初中及以下(46.17%)、同性传播(59.30%)为主。VCT检测发现患者中以男性(94.09%)、20~<40岁年龄组(63.62%)、大专及以上(44.56%)、同性传播(78.48%)为主。2018—2024年两种途径发现的HIV/AIDS患者性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、职业等人口学特征构成比差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。医疗机构发现的HIV/AIDS患者首次CD4+T淋巴细胞值<200 cells/μL占比为44.07%,VCT发现的患者≥350 cells/μL占比42.97%,差异均有统计学意义((P<0.001)。

结论

辽宁省医疗机构与自愿咨询检测发现的HIV/AIDS患者特征存在差异。医疗机构是发现患者的主要途径,VCT是能够发现早期患者的重要手段。需充分发挥两者优势,促进感染者早检测、早发现。

艾滋病病毒感染者/艾滋病患者(HIV/AIDS)  /  医疗机构  /  自愿咨询检测(VCT)  /  辽宁省
Objective

To compare the characteristics of HIV/AIDS cases detected through medical institutions and voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) clinics in Liaoning province, China, from 2018 to 2024.

Methods

Data on newly reported HIV/AIDS cases, follow-up information, and HIV testing volumes from 2018 to 2024 were extracted from the AIDS Comprehensive Prevention and Control Information System of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Demographic and clinical characteristics of cases from the two detection channels were compared using the chi-square test. Trends in crude detection rates were analyzed using Joinpoint regression to calculate the average annual percent change (AAPC).

Results

From 2018 to 2024, 9 314 and 4 657 HIV/AIDS cases were detected through medical institutions and VCT clinics, respectively. Both channels showed significant declining trends in crude detection rates (medical institutions: AAPC = –5.78%, P = 0.036; VCT clinics: AAPC = –12.38%, P = 0.009). Significant differences (P < 0.001) were observed in all demographic characteristics (gender, age, education, marital status, occupation). Cases from medical institutions were predominantly male (89.50%), aged 20–39 years (51.21%), had a junior high school education or below (46.17%), and were infected via male-to-male sexual contact (59.30%). In contrast, cases from VCT clinics had a higher proportion of males (94.09%), were younger (63.62% aged 20–39), had a higher education level (44.56% with college or above), and a greater proportion were infected via male-to-male sexual contact (78.48%). A stark contrast was noted in the initial CD4+ T lymphocyte count: 44.07% of cases from medical institutions had a count < 200 cells/μL, whereas 42.97% from VCT clinics had a count ≥ 350 cells/μL (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Significant differences exist in the characteristics of HIV/AIDS cases detected through medical institutions and VCT clinics in Liaoning province. Medical institutions serve as the primary case detection channel, while VCT clinics play a crucial role in identifying cases at an earlier disease stage. Public health strategies should leverage the complementary advantages of both approaches to promote early HIV testing and case detection.

HIV/AIDS  /  medical institution  /  voluntary counseling and testing  /  Liaoning province
孙笠翔, 周丹, 潘珊, 于海洋, 陶亚楠. 2018—2024年辽宁省医疗机构及自愿咨询检测发现的HIV/AIDS患者特征分析. 中国公共卫生, 2025 , 41 (10) : 1213 -1219 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1148245
Lixiang SUN, Dan ZHOU, Shan PAN, Haiyang YU, Ya′nan TAO. Characteristics of HIV/AIDS cases identified in medical institutions versus voluntary counseling and testing clinics in Liaoning province, 2018–2024[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2025 , 41 (10) : 1213 -1219 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1148245
截止到2024年底,全国报告现存活HIV感染者/艾滋病(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDS)患者135.5万例,总体处于低流行水平,但估计仍有超过20%的感染者尚未被检测发现[1]。与联合国艾滋病规划署提出的2025年诊断发现HIV/AIDS患者达到95%以上的艾滋病防治目标尚有较大差距[2]。因此,及时检测发现HIV感染者是目前艾滋病防治工作的重点和难点。医疗机构是我国HIV感染者最主要的检测发现来源,主要检测人群有术前检测、受血前检测、性病门诊就诊者、孕产妇等以及其他医生认为有HIV感染风险的人员[3]。艾滋病自愿咨询检测(voluntary counseling and testing, VCT)是主要针对高风险HIV暴露的重点人群开展的检测策略,有效降低了重点人群感染HIV的风险,大力提高了HIV检测覆盖率[4]。为了解辽宁省不同检测途径发现的HIV/AIDS患者特征,以期为优化HIV检测策略提供参考,本研究分析了2018—2024年辽宁省医疗机构和自愿咨询检测2种途径发现的HIV/AIDS患者特征,为提高HIV检测率及早发现策略的实施提供依据。
所有数据均来自中国疾病预防控制信息系统艾滋病综合防治信息系统。病例报告模块下载自2018—2024年HIV/AIDS患者历史卡片和定时随访数据库,检测份数表模块下载于2018—2024年HIV检测数据库。
从历史卡片中筛选出“审核标志”为“已终审卡”、患者类型为“确诊患者”或“临床诊断患者”、“地区类别”排除“外籍”和“中国港澳台地区”,报告地为“辽宁省”的当年新报告HIV/AIDS患者,不包括在本年转化为AIDS的既往HIV感染者。将报告患者中样本来源为“术前检测、性病门诊、受血(制品)前检测、其他就诊者检测、孕产期检查”的患者归纳为医疗机构发现的患者,样本来源为“检测咨询”的患者归纳为VCT发现的患者。将这2组患者作为研究对象,从历史卡片中收集患者的人口学基本信息、疾病状态、感染途径、首次CD4+T淋巴细胞检测情况等信息,并结合HIV检测数据库中样本来源为医疗机构[即来源于“术前检测、性病门诊、受血(制品)前检测、其他就诊者检测、孕产期检查”]以及VCT的HIV筛查人次数数据,分析粗检出率[粗检出率=(医疗机构或VCT发现的HIV/AIDS患者数/检测人次数)×/万]。数据均由受过专业培训的医疗卫生、疾控机构工作人员收集上报,并通过上级部门审核。
运用Excel 2010和R 4.3.3软件整理和分析数据。采用χ2检验比较医疗机构与VCT的HIV/AIDS患者的特征差异。运用Joinpoint Regression Program 5.3.0软件计算两种检测途径粗检出率的平均年度变化百分比(average annual percentage changes,AAPC),并做Joinpoint回归模型的时间趋势检验,检验水准α=0.05,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2018—2024年辽宁省医疗机构累计检测HIV抗体33 774 702人次,2024年较2018年增加了27.42%。2018—2024年辽宁省新报告HIV/AIDS患者共15 015例,其中医疗机构检测发现HIV/AIDS患者9 314例(占62.03%)。2018—2024年医疗机构HIV粗检出率总体呈下降趋势(AAPC= –5.78%,P=0.036)。
2018—2024年VCT累计检测HIV抗体695 132人次。2024年较2018年下降了8.46%。2018—2024年共检测发现HIV/AIDS患者4 657例、占全省报告的31.01%。2018—2024年HIV粗检出率总体呈下降趋势(AAPC= –12.38%,P=0.009)。
2018—2024年医疗机构男性(AAPC= –6.20%)、女性(AAPC= –3.38%)HIV粗检出率均总体呈现下降趋势(P<0.05)。除60岁以上年龄组外,<20岁(AAPC= –4.53%)、20~<40岁(AAPC= –7.28%)、40~<60岁(AAPC= –5.76%)年龄组粗检出率均呈现下降趋势(P<0.01),见图1。VCT男性(AAPC=–12.45%)、20~<40岁(AAPC= –13.67%)、40~<60岁(AAPC= –14.78%)年龄组HIV粗检出率总体呈现快速下降趋势(P<0.05),见图2。
2018—2024年医疗机构和VCT2种途径发现的HIV/AIDS患者性别(χ2=80.300)、年龄(χ2=290.700)、文化程度(χ2=192.124)、婚姻状况(χ2=251.368)、职业(χ2=323.446)等人口学特征构成比差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。各年份2种途径发现的患者不同特征构成比差异也均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
发现的9 314例HIV/AIDS患者中,男性占89.50%(8 336/9 314)、20~<40岁年龄组占51.21%(4 770/9 314)、初中及以下占46.17%(4 300/9 314)、未婚占49.01%(4 565/9 314)、家政家务及待业占56.89%(5 299/9 314)。
发现的4 657例HIV/AIDS患者中,男性占94.09%(4 382/4 657)、20~<40岁年龄组占63.62%(2 963/4 657)、大专及以上占44.56%(2075/4657)、未婚占62.85%(2 927/4657)、家政家务及待业占61.95%(2 885/4 657)。
2018—2024年医疗机构发现的HIV/AIDS患者同性传播占59.30%(5 523/9 314),异性传播占37.08%(3 454/9 314)。VCT发现的HIV/AIDS患者同性传播占78.48%(3 655/4 657),异性传播占20.16%(939/4 657)。2018—2024年医疗机构与VCT的传播途径构成比差异有统计学意义(χ2=512.317,P<0.001),各年份医疗机构与VCT的传播途径构成比差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。
2018—2024年医疗机构发现的9 314例HIV/AIDS患者中,有7 561例报告当年进行了CD4+T淋巴细胞检测、占81.18%;VCT发现的4 657例HIV/AIDS患者中,有4 173例报告当年进行了CD4+T淋巴细胞检测、占89.61%,两者差异有统计学意义(χ2=163.993,P<0.001)。医疗机构发现的患者首次CD4+T淋巴细胞值<200 cells/μL为主、占44.07%(3 332/7 561),而VCT发现的患者首次CD4+T淋巴细胞值以≥350 cells/μL为主、占42.97%(1 793/4 657),两者比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=336.395,P<0.001)。2018—2024年各年份医疗机构发现的患者首次CD4+T淋巴细胞值均以<200 cells/μL为主,VCT发现的患者首次CD4+T淋巴细胞值除2024年以外,其余各年均以≥350 cells/μL为主,各年份差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。
本研究结果显示,医疗机构与VCT是辽宁省发现HIV/AIDS患者的主要方式,2018—2024年两者检测发现患者数占全省新报告数的93.04%。医疗机构HIV检测人次数远多于VCT,而粗检出率低于VCT,这与国内多项研究结果均一致[5–8]。2018—2024年辽宁省医疗机构和VCT的HIV粗检出率均呈现下降趋势,与全国的情况相似[9],医疗机构不同性别、60岁以下各年龄组,VCT男性、20~<40岁、40~<60岁年龄组HIV粗检出率均呈现下降趋势。说明辽宁省的艾滋病防控取得了一定成效,但不能否认可能也受到2020—2022年新冠疫情流行的影响[10],而且医疗机构和VCT所受到的影响可能也不尽相同,还有待进一步探讨。
本研究结果显示,医疗机构和VCT发现的HIV/AIDS患者在年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、职业等特征方面均存在差异,医疗机构发现的60岁以上老年患者占比更高。60岁以上老年人艾滋病知识薄弱,更容易发生高危行为[11],且很少会去主动检测;且由于身体机能的下降,接受医学诊疗服务的机会较年轻人大幅增加,在就医过程中被动地被检测发现[12]。相对于医疗机构,VCT发现的患者未婚、大专以上的年轻人占比更高。受教育程度高,对艾滋病防治知识更为熟悉,有较强的风险意识,怀疑自身感染艾滋病或者性病后,能主动求询检测[13]。虽然医疗机构和VCT发现的患者均是以家政、家务及待业为主,但是研究发现农民更多的是在医疗机构中被发现,可能与他们对VCT服务了解程度不够有关,不知道去主动检测[14]。此外VCT点主要设置在县区级疾控中心,较偏远农村地区可能无法覆盖。因此,还需提升VCT服务的宣传力度,扩大检测覆盖面,提高检测便捷性。加强对农民的艾滋病防治以及主动接受HIV检测的宣传教育。商业服务人员及学生更愿意选择VCT检测,可能相比医疗机构,VCT具有隐私性、免费性、专业性和教育引导性的综合优势的缘故。
男性同性传播者较异性传播者更倾向于到VCT门诊检测HIV,有可能是因为同性传播者碍于身份的特殊性更愿意选择隐私性较强的VCT门诊[15]。有研究发现,部分同性传播者会定期到VCT门诊检测,将VCT作为发生高危行为的补救措施或是应对感染HIV焦虑心理的途径[16]。近年辽宁省艾滋病的主要传播途径是男性同性传播[17],男性同性性行为者是需要高度关注的重点人群。因此应充分发挥VCT门诊隐私性、便利性和公益性较强的优势,与同性性行为者建立长期信任关系,通过微信、QQ等社交软件,线上、线下相结合的方式,增强该人群的自我保护意识和主动检测意识[18]。相较于同性传播者,异性传播者HIV主动检测意识不强,多因在就诊其他疾病的时候被医疗机构检测出HIV阳性[19]。因此,医疗机构应加强对就诊者的HIV检测及宣传干预,提高其主动检测意识,促进HIV早检测、早发现。
本研究结果显示,2种检测途径发现的HIV/AIDS患者中有10%~20%报告当年未进行CD4+T淋巴细胞检测。探究其原因可能一方面是不同年龄段、文化水平、婚姻状况、传播途径的患者对CD4+T检测等随访措施的主动意愿和配合依从性有所不同。另外一方面可能受部分基层疾控部门工作能力的限制未能及时检测。随着近年艾滋病防控工作的加强,辽宁省HIV/AIDS患者CD4+T淋巴细胞检测比例有所上升[20]。首次CD4+T淋巴细胞值可以间接反映患者的晚发现状况[21],本研究来源于医疗机构的患者首次CD4+T淋巴细胞值低于200 cells/μL的占比较高,也反映出医疗机构检出的患者晚发现的可能性较VCT更高。其原因还是由于医疗机构主要以被动检测发现为主,多数患者可能已出现艾滋病症状才到医院就医[22]。而来源于VCT的患者以主动检测为主,对艾滋病较为了解,感知有感染风险后能及时接受VCT检测,因此晚发现比例相对较小。
综上所述,辽宁省医疗机构与VCT在发现HIV/AIDS患者方面起重要作用。两者发现的患者特征各不相同,医疗机构是发现患者的主要途径,而VCT是能够发现早期患者的重要手段。因此,仍需加强在医疗机构中医务人员主动提供HIV检测和咨询服务(provider initiated HIV testing and counselling,PITC)[23],不断提高医务人员主动检测服务意识和识别艾滋病高风险人群的专业能力,促进医疗机构HIV/AIDS患者早发现、早诊断和早治疗。近年受新型冠状病毒感染疫情的影响VCT门诊利用率降低、服务逐渐弱化,VCT工作在功能定位、体系建设、运转方式等方面都需要完善和发展[24]。利用社交媒体、短视频等宣传VCT服务信息,推广流动检测车、自检试剂包等多样化方式,扩大VCT服务覆盖范围;加强专业咨询员培训与队伍建设,完善服务流程标准化,提升VCT服务质量与规范化水平;强化多部门协作,构建转介支持网络。通过多种措施,构建更高效的VCT服务体系,助力艾滋病早发现,遏制艾滋病的传播。
由于受条件限制,本研究的医疗机构和VCT的筛查数据没有具体人口学信息,只能计算人次数。另外,也无法分层计算不同性别、年龄组的筛查人数,本研究所分析的性别、年龄组粗检出率均以全部筛查人次数为分母,存在一定局限性。建议加快省级监测预警平台和前置软件应用建设,实现各平台检测数据的共享及HIV检测人口学信息的具体化,从而能更详尽地分析HIV检出率情况,为艾滋病防控提供数据支撑。

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2025年第41卷第10期
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doi: 10.11847/zgggws1148245
  • 接收时间:2025-06-17
  • 首发时间:2026-10-25
  • 出版时间:2025-10-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-17
  • 修回日期:2025-08-22
  • 录用日期:2025-09-30
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    辽宁省疾病预防控制中心艾滋病与性传播疾病预防控制所,沈阳 110172

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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