Article(id=1320442723480482563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320442616123081022, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11847/zgggws1146242, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1729699200000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-24, revisedDate=1741536000000, revisedDateStr=2025-03-10, acceptedDate=1757952000000, acceptedDateStr=2025-09-16, onlineDate=1792747677917, onlineDateStr=2026-10-23, pubDate=1767974400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792747677917, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792747677917, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792747677917, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320442616123081022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, year='2026', volume='42', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='128', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1767974400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792747652321, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792748136930, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320444648791851086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320442616123081022, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320444648791851087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320442616123081022, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=66, endPage=70, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320442723677614852, articleId=1320442723480482563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=EN, title=Myopia rate variations and orthokeratology lens wearing among primary and secondary school students in Beijing from 2019 to 2023, columnId=1320427686514770171, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Public Health, columnName=Survey and Report, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the myopia rate variations and orthokeratology lens wearing among primary and secondary school students in Beijing from 2019 to 2023, thus providing a basis for comprehensive prevention and control for myopia.

Methods

A stratified cluster sampling method was employed to select 42 007, 41 680, 43 410, 43 114, and 39 893 primary and secondary school students aged 8 to 17 years old from September to October every year from 2019 to 2023 for visual acuity examination.

Results

The myopia rates of students aged 8 to 17 from 2019 to 2023 were 65.59%, 66.56%, 67.51%, 67.09%, and 66.20% respectively, showing a steady trend (APC = 0.29, P > 0.05). The reporting rate of students wearing orthokeratology lenses increased from 2.90% in 2019 to 7.75% in 2023, with an annual growth rate of 27.61% (P < 0.05). The myopia rates in urban areas from 2019 to 2023 were 68.95%, 70.22%, 71.29%, 70.59%, and 69.06%, respectively, which were higher than those (62.56%, 63.22%, 64.09%, 64.08%, and 63.64%, respectively) in rural areas. The proportions of students wearing orthokeratology lenses in urban areas were 4.94%, 6.11%, 9.06%, 11.11%, and 12.70%, respectively, which were higher than those (0.88%, 1.13%, 2.40%, 2.50%, and 2.95%, respectively) in rural areas. The reporting rate of urban students wearing orthokeratology lens showed an upward trend (APC = 26.98, P < 0.01), and that of rural students showed an upward trend (APC = 32.74, P < 0.01). In 2023, the full correction rate of 8- to 17-year-old students wearing orthokeratology lenses was 76.52%. With the increase in age, the proportion of students wearing orthokeratology lenses and the full correction rate first increased and then decreased, being higher among students aged 10 to 12 years old.

Conclusions

The myopia rate is high among students aged 8 to 17 years old in Beijing. The proportion of students wearing orthokeratology lenses is increasing year by year, and the full correction rate of orthokeratology lens is high.

, authors=Lu WANG1, Hai ZHAO1, Bingjie SUN1, Zhiwei XIA1, Xin GUO2, authorsList=Lu WANG, Hai ZHAO, Bingjie SUN, Zhiwei XIA, Xin GUO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Bingjie SUN, Xin GUO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
SUN Bingjie, E-mail:
GUO Xin, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Chinese Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320442724038324997, articleId=1320442723480482563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=CN, title=2019—2023年北京市中小学生近视率变化及其佩戴角膜塑形镜情况, columnId=1320427686770622717, journalTitle=中国公共卫生, columnName=调查报告与分析, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分析北京市2019—2023年中小学生近视率变化及其佩戴角膜塑形镜情况,为学生近视综合防控工作提供基础依据。

方法

采用分层整群抽样方法,于2019—2023年每年9—10月在北京市各抽取42 007、41 680、43 410、43 114、39 893名8~17岁中小学生进行视力检查并调查学生佩戴角膜塑形镜的情况。

结果

2019—2023年8~17岁学生近视率分别为65.59%、66.56%、67.51%、67.09%、66.20%,维持在稳定水平( APC=0.29,P>0.05) 。近视学生佩戴角膜塑形镜报告率由2019年的2.90%上升至2023年的7.75%,以年均27.61%的速度上升,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2019—2023年每年城区近视率分别为68.95%、70.22%、71.29%、70.59%、69.06%,高于郊区的62.56%、63.22%、64.09%、64.08%、63.64%; 佩戴角膜塑形镜比例城区分别为4.94%、6.11%、9.06%、11.11%、12.70%,均高于郊区的0.88%、1.13%、2.40%、2.50%、2.95%。城区近视学生佩戴角膜塑形镜的报告率呈上升趋势(APC=26.98,P<0.01),郊区学生佩戴角膜塑形镜的报告率呈上升趋势,差异有统计学意义(APC=32.74,P<0.01)。2023年8~17岁学生近视佩戴角膜塑形镜足矫率为76.52%,随着年龄的增长,近视学生佩戴角膜塑形镜的比例以及足矫率均出现先升后降,以10~12岁佩戴率及足矫率较高。

结论

北京市8~17岁学生近视率处于高位,近视学生佩戴角膜塑形镜的比例逐年增长,角膜塑形镜足矫率较高。

, authors=王路1, 赵海1, 孙冰洁1, *, *, 夏志伟1, 郭欣2, *, *, authorsList=王路, 赵海, 孙冰洁, 夏志伟, 郭欣, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=孙冰洁, 郭欣, authorNote=

王路(1987—),主管医师,硕士,研究方向:学生近视防控

, correspAuthorsNote=
孙冰洁,E-mail:
郭欣,E-mail:
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journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320442723480482563, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=近视率), Keyword(id=1320442728043885360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320442723480482563, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=足矫率), Keyword(id=1320442728106799921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320442723480482563, language=CN, orderNo=6, keyword=北京市)], refs=[Reference(id=1320442729000186684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320442723480482563, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=国家卫生健康委办公厅. 近视防治指南(2024年版)[J]. 眼科新进展, 2024, 44(8): 589-591., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320442729063101245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320442723480482563, 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Myopia rates among students aged 8 to 17 in Beijing from 2019 to 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份总体城区郊区χ2值P值
人数近视人数%近视人数%近视人数%
201942 00727 55365.5913 73168.9513 82262.56189.409<0.01
202041 68027 74266.5613 96270.2213 78063.22228.981<0.01
202143 41029 30667.5114 70871.2914 59864.09255.807<0.01
202243 11428 92567.0914 13970.5914 78664.08203.93<0.01
202339 89326 40866.2013 00469.0613 40463.64130.634<0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1320442728299737907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320442723480482563, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2019—2023年北京市8~17岁学生总体及城乡近视率变化情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份总体城区郊区χ2值P值
人数近视人数%近视人数%近视人数%
201942 00727 55365.5913 73168.9513 82262.56189.409<0.01
202041 68027 74266.5613 96270.2213 78063.22228.981<0.01
202143 41029 30667.5114 70871.2914 59864.09255.807<0.01
202243 11428 92567.0914 13970.5914 78664.08203.93<0.01
202339 89326 40866.2013 00469.0613 40463.64130.634<0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1320442728366846772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320442723480482563, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Myopia status of students of different ages from 2019 to 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄/岁2019年2020年2021年2022年2023年
近视人数%近视人数%近视人数%近视人数%近视人数%
81 14827.171 29830.401 37932.361 38129.231 11829.29
91 60139.481 73941.931 87942.751 72443.481 82139.86
10208549.702 14753.052 37254.832 38653.852 26655.24
112 54160.212 59861.562 55862.942 80164.692 75863.07
123 05570.442 92770.463 30572.022 66570.923 18269.96
133 09876.473 26676.453 14576.113 29178.043 04976.90
143 26180.683 21181.13347581.693 21280.083 33180.95
15370082.72359082.19365882.46405282.362 92183.82
163 26482.82386083.91375583.50376184.013 11885.42
17380085.073 10685.24378084.85365285.312 84486.97
总计27 55365.5927 74266.5629 30667.5128 92567.0926 40866.20
), ArticleFig(id=1320442728438149941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320442723480482563, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

2019—2023年不同年龄学生近视情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄/岁2019年2020年2021年2022年2023年
近视人数%近视人数%近视人数%近视人数%近视人数%
81 14827.171 29830.401 37932.361 38129.231 11829.29
91 60139.481 73941.931 87942.751 72443.481 82139.86
10208549.702 14753.052 37254.832 38653.852 26655.24
112 54160.212 59861.562 55862.942 80164.692 75863.07
123 05570.442 92770.463 30572.022 66570.923 18269.96
133 09876.473 26676.453 14576.113 29178.043 04976.90
143 26180.683 21181.13347581.693 21280.083 33180.95
15370082.72359082.19365882.46405282.362 92183.82
163 26482.82386083.91375583.50376184.013 11885.42
17380085.073 10685.24378084.85365285.312 84486.97
总计27 55365.5927 74266.5629 30667.5128 92567.0926 40866.20
), ArticleFig(id=1320442728517841718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320442723480482563, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Proportions of students wearing orthokeratology lenses from 2019 to 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份总体城区郊区χ2值P值
佩戴人数%佩戴人数%佩戴人数%
20197992.906784.941210.88403.895<0.01
20201 0093.648536.111561.13490.224<0.01
20211 6835.741 3339.063502.40601.333<0.01
20221 9416.711 57111.113702.50855.639<0.01
20232 0467.751 65112.703952.95877.743<0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1320442728593339191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320442723480482563, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

2019—2023年近视学生佩戴角膜塑形镜总体及城乡变化情况

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年份总体城区郊区χ2值P值
佩戴人数%佩戴人数%佩戴人数%
20197992.906784.941210.88403.895<0.01
20201 0093.648536.111561.13490.224<0.01
20211 6835.741 3339.063502.40601.333<0.01
20221 9416.711 57111.113702.50855.639<0.01
20232 0467.751 65112.703952.95877.743<0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1320442728664642360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320442723480482563, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Proportions of 8- to 17-year-old students wearing orthokeratology lenses from 2019 to 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄/岁2019年2020年2021年2022年2023年
佩戴人数%佩戴人数%佩戴人数%佩戴人数%佩戴人数%
8332.87352.70705.08725.21403.58
9623.87653.741467.771086.261387.58
10914.361074.982078.732219.262038.96
11993.901284.932178.4828210.0728210.22
121153.761525.192858.622368.8635011.00
131193.841584.842317.343049.242528.27
141123.431263.922166.222297.132688.05
15782.111113.091373.752536.242187.46
16441.35802.07972.581343.561896.06
17461.21471.51772.041022.791063.73
总计7992.901 0093.641 6835.741 9416.712 0467.75
), ArticleFig(id=1320442728744334137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320442723480482563, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

2019—2023年8~17岁近视学生佩戴角膜塑形镜比例

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄/岁2019年2020年2021年2022年2023年
佩戴人数%佩戴人数%佩戴人数%佩戴人数%佩戴人数%
8332.87352.70705.08725.21403.58
9623.87653.741467.771086.261387.58
10914.361074.982078.732219.262038.96
11993.901284.932178.4828210.0728210.22
121153.761525.192858.622368.8635011.00
131193.841584.842317.343049.242528.27
141123.431263.922166.222297.132688.05
15782.111113.091373.752536.242187.46
16441.35802.07972.581343.561896.06
17461.21471.51772.041022.791063.73
总计7992.901 0093.641 6835.741 9416.712 0467.75
), ArticleFig(id=1320442728836608826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320442723480482563, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Correction of myopia by wearing orthokeratology lenses among students aged 8 to 17 years old in 2023

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特征分类佩戴角膜塑形镜人数足矫人数足矫率/%
性别男生83864076.37
女生1 18590876.62
地区城区1 6351 25276.57
郊区38829676.29
年龄/岁8403177.50
913810878.26
1020016582.50
1128022379.64
1234328282.22
1324518675.92
1426519172.08
1521714968.66
1618913370.37
171068075.47
合计 2 0231 54876.52
), ArticleFig(id=1320442728903717691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320442723480482563, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

2023年8~17岁近视学生佩戴角膜塑形镜视力矫正情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征分类佩戴角膜塑形镜人数足矫人数足矫率/%
性别男生83864076.37
女生1 18590876.62
地区城区1 6351 25276.57
郊区38829676.29
年龄/岁8403177.50
913810878.26
1020016582.50
1128022379.64
1234328282.22
1324518675.92
1426519172.08
1521714968.66
1618913370.37
171068075.47
合计 2 0231 54876.52
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2019—2023年北京市中小学生近视率变化及其佩戴角膜塑形镜情况
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王路 1 , 赵海 1 , 孙冰洁 1, *, * , 夏志伟 1 , 郭欣 2, *, *
中国公共卫生 | 调查报告与分析 2026,42(1): 66-70
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中国公共卫生 |调查报告与分析 2026 , 42 (1) : 66 -70
2019—2023年北京市中小学生近视率变化及其佩戴角膜塑形镜情况
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王路1, 赵海1, 孙冰洁1, *, * , 夏志伟1, 郭欣2, *, *
作者信息
  • 1北京市疾病预防控制中心,北京 100013
  • 2中国疾病预防控制中心,北京 102211
通讯作者:
孙冰洁,E-mail:
郭欣,E-mail:
作者简介:

王路(1987—),主管医师,硕士,研究方向:学生近视防控

Myopia rate variations and orthokeratology lens wearing among primary and secondary school students in Beijing from 2019 to 2023
Lu WANG1, Hai ZHAO1, Bingjie SUN1 , Zhiwei XIA1, Xin GUO2
Affiliations
  • 1Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
  • 2Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102211, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    SUN Bingjie, E-mail:
    GUO Xin, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-01-10 doi: 10.11847/zgggws1146242
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目的

分析北京市2019—2023年中小学生近视率变化及其佩戴角膜塑形镜情况,为学生近视综合防控工作提供基础依据。

方法

采用分层整群抽样方法,于2019—2023年每年9—10月在北京市各抽取42 007、41 680、43 410、43 114、39 893名8~17岁中小学生进行视力检查并调查学生佩戴角膜塑形镜的情况。

结果

2019—2023年8~17岁学生近视率分别为65.59%、66.56%、67.51%、67.09%、66.20%,维持在稳定水平( APC=0.29,P>0.05) 。近视学生佩戴角膜塑形镜报告率由2019年的2.90%上升至2023年的7.75%,以年均27.61%的速度上升,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2019—2023年每年城区近视率分别为68.95%、70.22%、71.29%、70.59%、69.06%,高于郊区的62.56%、63.22%、64.09%、64.08%、63.64%; 佩戴角膜塑形镜比例城区分别为4.94%、6.11%、9.06%、11.11%、12.70%,均高于郊区的0.88%、1.13%、2.40%、2.50%、2.95%。城区近视学生佩戴角膜塑形镜的报告率呈上升趋势(APC=26.98,P<0.01),郊区学生佩戴角膜塑形镜的报告率呈上升趋势,差异有统计学意义(APC=32.74,P<0.01)。2023年8~17岁学生近视佩戴角膜塑形镜足矫率为76.52%,随着年龄的增长,近视学生佩戴角膜塑形镜的比例以及足矫率均出现先升后降,以10~12岁佩戴率及足矫率较高。

结论

北京市8~17岁学生近视率处于高位,近视学生佩戴角膜塑形镜的比例逐年增长,角膜塑形镜足矫率较高。

角膜塑形镜  /  近视学生  /  中小学生  /  近视率  /  足矫率  /  北京市
Objective

To analyze the myopia rate variations and orthokeratology lens wearing among primary and secondary school students in Beijing from 2019 to 2023, thus providing a basis for comprehensive prevention and control for myopia.

Methods

A stratified cluster sampling method was employed to select 42 007, 41 680, 43 410, 43 114, and 39 893 primary and secondary school students aged 8 to 17 years old from September to October every year from 2019 to 2023 for visual acuity examination.

Results

The myopia rates of students aged 8 to 17 from 2019 to 2023 were 65.59%, 66.56%, 67.51%, 67.09%, and 66.20% respectively, showing a steady trend (APC = 0.29, P > 0.05). The reporting rate of students wearing orthokeratology lenses increased from 2.90% in 2019 to 7.75% in 2023, with an annual growth rate of 27.61% (P < 0.05). The myopia rates in urban areas from 2019 to 2023 were 68.95%, 70.22%, 71.29%, 70.59%, and 69.06%, respectively, which were higher than those (62.56%, 63.22%, 64.09%, 64.08%, and 63.64%, respectively) in rural areas. The proportions of students wearing orthokeratology lenses in urban areas were 4.94%, 6.11%, 9.06%, 11.11%, and 12.70%, respectively, which were higher than those (0.88%, 1.13%, 2.40%, 2.50%, and 2.95%, respectively) in rural areas. The reporting rate of urban students wearing orthokeratology lens showed an upward trend (APC = 26.98, P < 0.01), and that of rural students showed an upward trend (APC = 32.74, P < 0.01). In 2023, the full correction rate of 8- to 17-year-old students wearing orthokeratology lenses was 76.52%. With the increase in age, the proportion of students wearing orthokeratology lenses and the full correction rate first increased and then decreased, being higher among students aged 10 to 12 years old.

Conclusions

The myopia rate is high among students aged 8 to 17 years old in Beijing. The proportion of students wearing orthokeratology lenses is increasing year by year, and the full correction rate of orthokeratology lens is high.

orthokeratology lens  /  myopia  /  student  /  myopia rate  /  full correction rate  /  Beijing city
王路, 赵海, 孙冰洁, 夏志伟, 郭欣. 2019—2023年北京市中小学生近视率变化及其佩戴角膜塑形镜情况. 中国公共卫生, 2026 , 42 (1) : 66 -70 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1146242
Lu WANG, Hai ZHAO, Bingjie SUN, Zhiwei XIA, Xin GUO. Myopia rate variations and orthokeratology lens wearing among primary and secondary school students in Beijing from 2019 to 2023[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2026 , 42 (1) : 66 -70 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1146242
近视严重影响我国儿童青少年眼健康[1],是我国儿童青少年主要健康问题之一。2021年我国儿童青少年总体近视率为52.6%,其中高度近视占比为9.5%[2]。高度近视可能引发视网膜病变、青光眼、黄斑变性等致盲性眼病,已成为重大的公共卫生问题[3]。研究证明,角膜塑形镜可以有效延缓儿童青少年近视进展 [4–5],改善青少年视力与视觉质量[6]。近年来,国内诸多关于学生近视率研究报道均提示我国学生近视率高,防控形势严峻,但关于角膜塑形镜佩戴及矫正效果数据报道较少。本研究分析北京市2019—2023年8~17岁学生近视率变化及其佩戴角膜塑形镜及佩戴矫正效果,为做好中小学生近视防控干预提供参考。现报告如下。
本研究基于北京市儿童青少年近视调查项目,项目覆盖全市16个区。于2019—2023年9—10月,采用分层整群随机抽样方法抽取调查对象。使用随机数字表法随机抽取学校,2019年抽取129所学校(包括小学及中学各46所、高中37所);2020—2023年均抽取130所学校(小学及中学各46~47所不等,高中37所);从抽中的每所学校的每个年级中随机抽取2~3个班级,被抽中的班级所有学生均为研究对象,每个年级抽取≥80名学生。2019—2023年分别抽取42 007、41 680、43 410、43 114、39 893人。角膜塑形镜是通过夜间佩戴改变角膜形态以改善视力并减缓儿童青少年近视进展 [5]。按照《角膜塑形镜验配流程专家共识》(2021)要求佩戴者年龄≥8岁[7],考虑到该年龄段儿童自理与配合能力更能保障佩戴安全有效。本研究分析对象为8~17岁学生,其中近视戴角膜塑形镜的人数分别为799、1 009、1 683、1 941、2 046人,2023年戴角膜塑形镜的人数中戴镜视力缺失23人,足矫率计算总人数为2 023人。对象平均年龄为(12.52±2.91)岁。调查前已通过北京市疾病预防控制中心伦理委员会审批[NO.2022年第(24)],并获得调查对象及监护人知情同意。
按照《WS/T663—2020中小学生屈光不正筛查规范》[8]要求,分别使用标准对数视力表和台式自动电脑验光仪进行远视力检测和屈光检测。所有调查人员均为有资质的眼科医师,且经统一培训考核合格后上岗。屈光检测为非睫状肌麻痹条件下检测,筛查结果不具有临床诊断意义,确诊需到眼科医疗机构进行进一步检查。近视判定标准是单侧裸眼视力<5.0且非睫状肌麻痹电脑验光等效球镜度数SE<–0.50 D[8]。现场询问学生是否佩戴角膜塑形镜并检测视力,佩戴者记为近视,且测得的远视力为戴镜视力。按照《儿童青少年近视防控适宜技术指南》[9],评估佩戴角膜塑形镜足矫率,即戴镜视力≥4.9为足矫,足矫率=足矫人数/近视戴角膜塑形镜的人数×100%。
视力检测的场所、器材、检查方法和要求以及数据记录要符合筛查规范,视力检查结果按照当天5%的比例随机抽取复测对象,复测指标包括左右眼远视力、屈光度。
检测结果使用Epi Data 3.1软件双核对录入计算机,采用SPSS 21.0软件进行χ2检验组间差异分析;采用Joinpoint 5.0.2软件,分别以近视率和近视学生佩戴角膜塑形镜的报告率为因变量,年份为自变量建立Joinpoint回归模型,计算北京市学生近视率及近视学生佩戴角膜塑形镜的报告率在不同年份间的年度百分比变化率(annual percent change, APC)[10] 评价变化趋势;APC>0表示变化率逐年上升,APC<0表示变化率逐年下降。检验水准α=0.05。
2019—2023年8~17岁学生近视率分别为65.59%、66.56%、67.51%、67.09%、66.20%,维持在稳定水平(APC=0.29,P=0.67);城区近视率分别为68.95%、70.22%、71.29%、70.59%、69.06%,均明显高于郊区的62.56%、63.22%、64.09%、64.08%、63.64%(均P<0.01)。2019—2023年城区学生近视率维持在稳定水平(APC=0.10,P=0.93),郊区学生近视率维持在稳定水平(APC=0.48,P=0.15)。
2019—2023年同一年龄段学生近视率在不同年份间有波动。学生近视率随年龄的增长而增长,8~11岁增长速度快,12岁之后增速放缓。
2019—2023年近视学生佩戴角膜塑形镜的报告率逐年上升,由2019年的2.90%上升至2023年的7.75%,以年均27.61%的速度上升。各年份城区近视及其佩戴角膜塑形镜比例均高于郊区(均P<0.01)。2019—2023年城区近视学生佩戴角膜塑形镜的报告率呈上升趋势(APC=26.98,P<0.01),郊区学生佩戴角膜塑形镜的报告率呈上升趋势,差异有统计学意义(APC=32.74,P<0.01)。
8~17岁近视学生佩戴角膜塑形镜报告率随着年龄增加先升后降,以10~12岁佩戴率较高。2021年各年龄近视学生佩戴角膜塑形镜比例较2019、2020年明显增加。
2023年8~17岁近视学生佩戴角膜塑形镜足矫率为76.52%(1 548/2 023)。男生与女生、城区与郊区学生足矫率差异均无统计学意义(χ2=0.014、0.017,均P>0.05)。10~12岁足矫率最高,不同年龄足矫率差异有统计学意义(χ2=26.49,P<0.01)。
有调查显示,2018—2021年北京市儿童青少年总体近视检出率均高于全国水平,高年级学生近视检出率居高不下,未见明显下降趋势[11]。本研究结果显示,2019—2023年北京市8~17岁学生近视检出率处于稳定水平。近视是不断累加、不可逆的过程[12],随着年龄的增长近视检出率呈上升趋势[13]。本研究中8~11岁学生近视检出率进展速度快,较阿依努·努拉厚等[14]报道的新疆地区12~15岁学生近视检出率进展速度最快结论提前,可能因为北京市作为经济发达地区人口平均文化程度高,家长更加重视教育,教育过度提前和过多的课外班造成了学生过早过度近距离用眼。此外,也可能与城市人口密度大,室内外活动空间较小等有关。
2019—2023年北京市8~17岁近视学生戴角膜塑形镜的比例明显上升,可能原因是家长对近视防控的重视。角膜塑形镜控制近视进展效果显著,深受家长青睐[15]。城区近视率及近视学生佩戴角膜塑形镜比例均明显高于郊区,近视学生佩戴角膜塑形镜的比例郊区增速较城区快。可能原因是,随着近视防控工作的深入,郊区眼科门诊和验光机构逐步完善,更多人能及时接受视力检查和配镜矫正;郊区家长健康意识增强,对角膜塑形镜接受能力增加。角膜塑形镜是三类医疗器械,对验配人员、设备和专业技术要求高 [16],医疗水平参差不齐会为近视矫正带来一定的风险,应引起相关机构的重视。建议有关部门从验配人员、设备、专业技术和宣传教育等多方面进行规范化管理,细化统一操作流程,降低验配过程中的风险,提升矫正效果。
随着年龄增长角膜塑形镜佩戴率下降,10~12岁佩戴角膜塑形镜的学生比例较多,与东莞地区[17]研究结论相近。此外,10~12岁近视学生佩戴角膜塑形镜的足矫率最高。可能的原因一方面刚发生近视时家长比较关注,在经过临床效果评估后选择使用角膜塑形镜;另一方面该年龄段儿童逐渐能接受角膜塑形镜。但需注意的是随着年龄增长,佩戴经验的增加,依从率会随之下降[18],角膜塑形镜控制近视的效果与佩戴者依从性有直接关系[16]。
佩戴角膜塑形镜能改善视力[19]。本研究结果显示,2023年8~17岁近视学生佩戴角膜塑形镜足矫率为76.52%,高于贵州省(59.3%)[20]、乌鲁木齐市(47.9%)[21]、佛山市三水区(65.9%)[22] 戴镜(未区分戴镜类型)足矫率报道。随着角膜塑形镜的需求和使用量的增加,达到理想控制效果需要规范诊疗验配,严格的复诊随访、用眼卫生和护理相关知识的健康宣教。随着近视防控工作深入,在强调降低近视率的同时,需控制近视进展,控制近视未矫正率和矫正不足,一体化推进[23]。
本研究也存在一定的局限性,本研究群体采用的非散瞳屈光检测,高估近视人数,进而会低估佩戴角膜塑形镜比例。

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doi: 10.11847/zgggws1146242
  • 接收时间:2024-10-24
  • 首发时间:2026-10-23
  • 出版时间:2026-01-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-24
  • 修回日期:2025-03-10
  • 录用日期:2025-09-16
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    1北京市疾病预防控制中心,北京 100013
    2中国疾病预防控制中心,北京 102211

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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