Article(id=1320442688424489422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320442616123081022, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11847/zgggws1147230, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1740499200000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-26, revisedDate=1748707200000, revisedDateStr=2025-06-01, acceptedDate=1753286400000, acceptedDateStr=2025-07-24, onlineDate=1792747669559, onlineDateStr=2026-10-23, pubDate=1767974400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792747669559, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792747669559, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792747669559, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320442616123081022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, year='2026', volume='42', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='128', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1767974400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792747652321, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792748136930, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320444648791851086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320442616123081022, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320444648791851087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320442616123081022, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=101, endPage=106, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320442688630010319, articleId=1320442688424489422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=EN, title=Trend of disease burden of dengue fever in the population < 20 years old in China from 1990 to 2021: an analysis based on data from GBD 2021, columnId=1320427686514770171, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Public Health, columnName=Survey and Report, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To understand the trend of disease burden of dengue fever in the population < 20 years old in China from 1990 to 2021 and provide scientific evidence for the development of targeted prevention and control policies.

Methods

The data of disease burden of dengue fever in the population < 20 years old in China from 1990 to 2021 were collected from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 (GBD 2021). The standardized incidence rate and standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rate were used for descriptive analysis. A Joinpoint regression model was employed to analyze the trend of disease burden of dengue fever in the population < 20 years old in China from 1990 to 2021, and annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC) were calculated.

Results

The standardized incidence rate of dengue fever in the population < 20 years old in China increased from 0.42/100 000 in 1990 to 2.14/100 000 in 2021, showing an overall upward trend (AAPC = 5.40%, P < 0.001). The standardized DALYs rate decreased from 0.71/100 000 in 1990 to 0.07/100 000 in 2021, demonstrating a declining trend (AAPC = –7.09%, P < 0.001). The standardized incidence rate of dengue fever increased the most from 2010 to 2014 (APC = 21.19%, P < 0.001), and the standardized DALYs rate of dengue fever decreased the most from 1992 to 1998 (APC = –16.78%, P < 0.001). The standardized incidence rates of dengue fever in males, females, population < 5, 5–9, 10–14, and 15–19 years old increased from 0.39/100 000, 0.45/100 000, 0.29/100 000, 0.53/100 000, 0.46/100 000, and 0.41/100 000 in 1990 to 2.01/100 000, 2.28/100 000, 1.53/100 000, 2.53/100 000, 2.31/100 000, and 2.08/100 000 in 2021, respectively, showing a rising trend (all P < 0.001). The standardized DALYs rates of dengue fever in males, females, population < 5, 5–9, 10–14, and 15–19 years old decreased from 0.88/100 000, 0.52/100 000, 2.36/100 000, 0.37/100 000, 0.07/100 000 and 0.04/100 000 in 1990 to 0.08/100 000, 0.06/100 000, 0.15/100 000, 0.07/100 000, 0.03/100 000, and 0.03/100 000 in 2021, respectively, presenting a declining trend (all P < 0.001).

Conclusion

From 1990 to 2021, the incidence rate of dengue fever in the population < 20 years old in China showed an increasing trend, while the DALYs rate showed a decreasing trend. The incidence rate in females and the population < 5 years old increased more.

, authors=Qian ZHANG, Yunfei XU, Mengxiao HUANG, Jiacheng LI, Junqing ZHANG, authorsList=Qian ZHANG, Yunfei XU, Mengxiao HUANG, Jiacheng LI, Junqing ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Junqing ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
ZHANG Junqing, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Chinese Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320442688999109072, articleId=1320442688424489422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=CN, title=1990—2021年中国<20岁人群登革热疾病负担变化趋势:基于GBD 2021分析, columnId=1320427686770622717, journalTitle=中国公共卫生, columnName=调查报告与分析, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

了解1990—2021年中国<20岁人群登革热疾病负担的变化趋势,为制定有针对性的防控政策提供科学依据。

方法

收集2021年全球疾病负担(GBD 2021)数据库研究中1990—2021年中国<20岁人群登革热疾病负担的相关数据,采用标化发病率和标化伤残调整生命年(DALYs)率进行描述性分析。应用Joinpoint联结点回归模型分析1990—2021年中国<20岁人群登革热疾病负担变化趋势并计算年度变化百分比(APC)和平均年度变化百分比(AAPC)。

结果

中国<20岁人群登革热标化发病率从1990年的0.42/10万上升至2021年的2.14/10万,标化DALYs率从1990年的0.71/10万下降至0.07/10万,1990—2021年登革热标化发病率总体呈上升趋势(AAPC=5.40%,P<0.001),标化DALYs率总体呈下降趋势(AAPC= –7.09%,P<0.001);其中,2010—2014年登革热标化发病率上升最快(APC=21.19%,P<0.001);1992—1998年登革热标化DALYs率下降最快(APC= –16.78%,P<0.001)。男性、女性、<5、5~9、10~14和15~19岁人群登革热标化发病率分别从1990年的0.39/10万、0.45/10万、0.29/10万、0.53/10万、0.46/10万和0.41/10万上升至2021年的2.01/10万、2.28/10万、1.53/10万、2.53/10万、2.31/10万和2.08/10万;1990—2021年登革热标化发病率均呈上升趋势(均P<0.001),标化DALYs率分别从1990年的0.88/10万、0.52/10万、2.36/10万、0.37/10万、0.07/10万和0.04/10万下降至2021年的0.08/10万、0.06/10万、0.15/10万、0.07/10万、0.03/10万和0.03/10万;1990—2021年登革热标化DALYs率均呈下降趋势(均P<0.001)。

结论

中国<20岁人群1990—2021年登革热发病率呈上升趋势,而DALYs率呈下降趋势;其中女性和<5岁人群的发病率上升幅度较大。

, authors=张倩, 徐云飞, 黄梦晓, 李家程, 张俊清*, *, authorsList=张倩, 徐云飞, 黄梦晓, 李家程, 张俊清, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张俊清, authorNote=

张倩(1992—),主管医师,硕士,研究方向:医院管理、传染病防控

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张俊清,E-mail:
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Changes in disease burden of dengue fever between different genders in the population < 20 years old in China from 1990 to 2021

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份男性女性
标化发病率/(1/10万)标化DALYs率/(1/10万)标化发病率/(1/10万)标化DALYs率/(1/10万)
19900.390.880.450.52
19910.420.940.480.56
19920.440.870.520.53
19930.460.700.550.59
19940.480.480.580.47
19950.500.370.610.42
19960.510.290.630.39
19970.520.230.630.35
19980.520.190.640.32
19990.530.170.640.31
20000.530.180.640.30
20010.540.200.650.31
20020.550.200.650.29
20030.560.190.650.26
20040.570.180.660.25
20050.570.180.660.22
20060.590.180.670.21
20070.600.160.680.17
20080.610.150.690.17
20090.630.150.700.15
20100.640.140.720.14
20110.730.130.810.12
20120.930.121.010.11
20131.170.121.260.10
20141.390.111.500.10
20151.510.111.650.09
20161.570.111.760.08
20171.630.101.880.08
20181.690.102.010.08
20191.770.102.140.07
20201.880.082.290.07
20212.010.082.280.06
AAPC值5.34%−7.43%5.37%−6.70%
95%CI5.10%~5.58%−8.94%~ −5.89%5.12%~5.62%−7.39%~ –6.00%
P值<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1320442692987892216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320442688424489422, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

1990—2021年中国不同性别<20岁人群登革热疾病负担变化情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份男性女性
标化发病率/(1/10万)标化DALYs率/(1/10万)标化发病率/(1/10万)标化DALYs率/(1/10万)
19900.390.880.450.52
19910.420.940.480.56
19920.440.870.520.53
19930.460.700.550.59
19940.480.480.580.47
19950.500.370.610.42
19960.510.290.630.39
19970.520.230.630.35
19980.520.190.640.32
19990.530.170.640.31
20000.530.180.640.30
20010.540.200.650.31
20020.550.200.650.29
20030.560.190.650.26
20040.570.180.660.25
20050.570.180.660.22
20060.590.180.670.21
20070.600.160.680.17
20080.610.150.690.17
20090.630.150.700.15
20100.640.140.720.14
20110.730.130.810.12
20120.930.121.010.11
20131.170.121.260.10
20141.390.111.500.10
20151.510.111.650.09
20161.570.111.760.08
20171.630.101.880.08
20181.690.102.010.08
20191.770.102.140.07
20201.880.082.290.07
20212.010.082.280.06
AAPC值5.34%−7.43%5.37%−6.70%
95%CI5.10%~5.58%−8.94%~ −5.89%5.12%~5.62%−7.39%~ –6.00%
P值<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1320442693063389689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320442688424489422, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Changes in disease burden of dengue fever among different age groups in the population < 20 years old in China from 1990 to 2021

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份<5岁5~9岁10~14岁15~19岁
标化发病率/
(1/10万)
标化DALYs率/
(1/10万)
标化发病率/
(1/10万)
标化DALYs率/
(1/10万)
标化发病率/
(1/10万)
标化DALYs率/
(1/10万)
标化发病率/
(1/10万)
标化DALYs率/
(1/10万)
19900.292.360.530.370.460.070.410.04
19910.302.500.560.390.510.070.440.05
19920.322.340.570.360.550.070.480.04
19930.342.170.580.330.580.060.530.04
19940.361.630.580.240.600.050.570.03
19950.371.400.590.190.610.040.620.03
19960.391.240.600.170.600.040.650.03
19970.391.090.620.150.580.030.680.03
19980.400.990.640.130.560.030.690.03
19990.400.950.670.130.540.030.690.03
20000.401.000.700.130.530.030.680.03
20010.411.060.720.140.550.030.660.03
20020.411.030.730.140.580.030.640.03
20030.410.960.730.140.620.030.620.03
20040.410.900.730.130.660.030.610.02
20050.410.830.720.130.700.030.610.02
20060.410.770.700.120.730.030.620.02
20070.410.630.680.100.760.030.650.02
20080.420.560.660.110.770.030.700.02
20090.420.500.650.110.790.030.750.02
20100.430.450.650.100.790.030.800.02
20110.490.390.730.100.870.030.940.02
20120.630.340.940.091.050.031.210.02
20130.810.311.200.091.270.031.530.03
20140.980.291.460.081.460.031.820.03
20151.100.251.660.081.580.031.980.03
20161.180.231.800.071.670.032.020.03
20171.260.221.960.071.780.032.030.03
20181.340.212.120.071.920.032.030.03
20191.420.202.280.072.060.032.040.03
20201.500.162.450.072.220.032.070.03
20211.530.152.530.072.310.032.080.03
AAPC值 5.60% −8.45% 5.21% −5.73% 5.30% −2.60% 5.43% −1.42%
95%CI5.38%~5.83%−9.82%~ –7.07%4.79%~5.63%−7.68%~ –3.73%4.93%~5.67%−4.02%~ –1.15%5.17%~5.69%−2.35%~ –0.48%
P值<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1320442693151470074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320442688424489422, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

1990—2021年中国不同年龄<20岁人群登革热疾病负担变化情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份<5岁5~9岁10~14岁15~19岁
标化发病率/
(1/10万)
标化DALYs率/
(1/10万)
标化发病率/
(1/10万)
标化DALYs率/
(1/10万)
标化发病率/
(1/10万)
标化DALYs率/
(1/10万)
标化发病率/
(1/10万)
标化DALYs率/
(1/10万)
19900.292.360.530.370.460.070.410.04
19910.302.500.560.390.510.070.440.05
19920.322.340.570.360.550.070.480.04
19930.342.170.580.330.580.060.530.04
19940.361.630.580.240.600.050.570.03
19950.371.400.590.190.610.040.620.03
19960.391.240.600.170.600.040.650.03
19970.391.090.620.150.580.030.680.03
19980.400.990.640.130.560.030.690.03
19990.400.950.670.130.540.030.690.03
20000.401.000.700.130.530.030.680.03
20010.411.060.720.140.550.030.660.03
20020.411.030.730.140.580.030.640.03
20030.410.960.730.140.620.030.620.03
20040.410.900.730.130.660.030.610.02
20050.410.830.720.130.700.030.610.02
20060.410.770.700.120.730.030.620.02
20070.410.630.680.100.760.030.650.02
20080.420.560.660.110.770.030.700.02
20090.420.500.650.110.790.030.750.02
20100.430.450.650.100.790.030.800.02
20110.490.390.730.100.870.030.940.02
20120.630.340.940.091.050.031.210.02
20130.810.311.200.091.270.031.530.03
20140.980.291.460.081.460.031.820.03
20151.100.251.660.081.580.031.980.03
20161.180.231.800.071.670.032.020.03
20171.260.221.960.071.780.032.030.03
20181.340.212.120.071.920.032.030.03
20191.420.202.280.072.060.032.040.03
20201.500.162.450.072.220.032.070.03
20211.530.152.530.072.310.032.080.03
AAPC值 5.60% −8.45% 5.21% −5.73% 5.30% −2.60% 5.43% −1.42%
95%CI5.38%~5.83%−9.82%~ –7.07%4.79%~5.63%−7.68%~ –3.73%4.93%~5.67%−4.02%~ –1.15%5.17%~5.69%−2.35%~ –0.48%
P值<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
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1990—2021年中国<20岁人群登革热疾病负担变化趋势:基于GBD 2021分析
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张倩 , 徐云飞 , 黄梦晓 , 李家程 , 张俊清 *, *
中国公共卫生 | 调查报告与分析 2026,42(1): 101-106
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中国公共卫生 |调查报告与分析 2026 , 42 (1) : 101 -106
1990—2021年中国<20岁人群登革热疾病负担变化趋势:基于GBD 2021分析
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张倩, 徐云飞, 黄梦晓, 李家程, 张俊清*, *
作者信息
  • 郑州大学第三附属医院,郑州 450000
通讯作者:
张俊清,E-mail:
作者简介:

张倩(1992—),主管医师,硕士,研究方向:医院管理、传染病防控

Trend of disease burden of dengue fever in the population < 20 years old in China from 1990 to 2021: an analysis based on data from GBD 2021
Qian ZHANG, Yunfei XU, Mengxiao HUANG, Jiacheng LI, Junqing ZHANG
Affiliations
  • The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    ZHANG Junqing, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-01-10 doi: 10.11847/zgggws1147230
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目的

了解1990—2021年中国<20岁人群登革热疾病负担的变化趋势,为制定有针对性的防控政策提供科学依据。

方法

收集2021年全球疾病负担(GBD 2021)数据库研究中1990—2021年中国<20岁人群登革热疾病负担的相关数据,采用标化发病率和标化伤残调整生命年(DALYs)率进行描述性分析。应用Joinpoint联结点回归模型分析1990—2021年中国<20岁人群登革热疾病负担变化趋势并计算年度变化百分比(APC)和平均年度变化百分比(AAPC)。

结果

中国<20岁人群登革热标化发病率从1990年的0.42/10万上升至2021年的2.14/10万,标化DALYs率从1990年的0.71/10万下降至0.07/10万,1990—2021年登革热标化发病率总体呈上升趋势(AAPC=5.40%,P<0.001),标化DALYs率总体呈下降趋势(AAPC= –7.09%,P<0.001);其中,2010—2014年登革热标化发病率上升最快(APC=21.19%,P<0.001);1992—1998年登革热标化DALYs率下降最快(APC= –16.78%,P<0.001)。男性、女性、<5、5~9、10~14和15~19岁人群登革热标化发病率分别从1990年的0.39/10万、0.45/10万、0.29/10万、0.53/10万、0.46/10万和0.41/10万上升至2021年的2.01/10万、2.28/10万、1.53/10万、2.53/10万、2.31/10万和2.08/10万;1990—2021年登革热标化发病率均呈上升趋势(均P<0.001),标化DALYs率分别从1990年的0.88/10万、0.52/10万、2.36/10万、0.37/10万、0.07/10万和0.04/10万下降至2021年的0.08/10万、0.06/10万、0.15/10万、0.07/10万、0.03/10万和0.03/10万;1990—2021年登革热标化DALYs率均呈下降趋势(均P<0.001)。

结论

中国<20岁人群1990—2021年登革热发病率呈上升趋势,而DALYs率呈下降趋势;其中女性和<5岁人群的发病率上升幅度较大。

登革热  /  疾病负担  /  变化趋势  /  < 20岁人群  /  中国
Objective

To understand the trend of disease burden of dengue fever in the population < 20 years old in China from 1990 to 2021 and provide scientific evidence for the development of targeted prevention and control policies.

Methods

The data of disease burden of dengue fever in the population < 20 years old in China from 1990 to 2021 were collected from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 (GBD 2021). The standardized incidence rate and standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rate were used for descriptive analysis. A Joinpoint regression model was employed to analyze the trend of disease burden of dengue fever in the population < 20 years old in China from 1990 to 2021, and annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC) were calculated.

Results

The standardized incidence rate of dengue fever in the population < 20 years old in China increased from 0.42/100 000 in 1990 to 2.14/100 000 in 2021, showing an overall upward trend (AAPC = 5.40%, P < 0.001). The standardized DALYs rate decreased from 0.71/100 000 in 1990 to 0.07/100 000 in 2021, demonstrating a declining trend (AAPC = –7.09%, P < 0.001). The standardized incidence rate of dengue fever increased the most from 2010 to 2014 (APC = 21.19%, P < 0.001), and the standardized DALYs rate of dengue fever decreased the most from 1992 to 1998 (APC = –16.78%, P < 0.001). The standardized incidence rates of dengue fever in males, females, population < 5, 5–9, 10–14, and 15–19 years old increased from 0.39/100 000, 0.45/100 000, 0.29/100 000, 0.53/100 000, 0.46/100 000, and 0.41/100 000 in 1990 to 2.01/100 000, 2.28/100 000, 1.53/100 000, 2.53/100 000, 2.31/100 000, and 2.08/100 000 in 2021, respectively, showing a rising trend (all P < 0.001). The standardized DALYs rates of dengue fever in males, females, population < 5, 5–9, 10–14, and 15–19 years old decreased from 0.88/100 000, 0.52/100 000, 2.36/100 000, 0.37/100 000, 0.07/100 000 and 0.04/100 000 in 1990 to 0.08/100 000, 0.06/100 000, 0.15/100 000, 0.07/100 000, 0.03/100 000, and 0.03/100 000 in 2021, respectively, presenting a declining trend (all P < 0.001).

Conclusion

From 1990 to 2021, the incidence rate of dengue fever in the population < 20 years old in China showed an increasing trend, while the DALYs rate showed a decreasing trend. The incidence rate in females and the population < 5 years old increased more.

dengue fever  /  disease burden  /  trends of change  /  population <20 years old  /  China
张倩, 徐云飞, 黄梦晓, 李家程, 张俊清. 1990—2021年中国<20岁人群登革热疾病负担变化趋势:基于GBD 2021分析. 中国公共卫生, 2026 , 42 (1) : 101 -106 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1147230
Qian ZHANG, Yunfei XU, Mengxiao HUANG, Jiacheng LI, Junqing ZHANG. Trend of disease burden of dengue fever in the population < 20 years old in China from 1990 to 2021: an analysis based on data from GBD 2021[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2026 , 42 (1) : 101 -106 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1147230
登革热是一种由黄病毒科黄病毒属的登革热病毒引起的急性虫媒传染病,在世界范围内多次发生大流行,全球每年感染病例约为1~4亿例,其中亚洲的登革热疾病负担约占全球的70%[1–2]。随着全球气候变暖和城市化加剧,伊蚊栖息地扩大,登革热疫情日益严峻[3]。2019年世界卫生组织将登革热列为“严重威胁人类健康的十大传染病之一”[4]。中国于1978年首次发现登革热病毒,2014年广东省暴发登革热疫情,病例数>4万例,此后开始重点关注登革热[5]。研究表明,<20岁人群易患重症登革热,住院治疗的患者中大部分为儿童,造成的全球疾病负担较重且一直呈上升趋势[6–7]。因此,了解这一群体登革热的疾病负担对于进一步完善登革热防控策略和合理配置资源十分重要。为了解1990—2021年中国<20岁人群登革热疾病负担的变化趋势,为制定有针对性的防控政策提供科学依据,本研究收集2021年全球疾病负担(2021 Global Burden of Disease Study, GBD 2021)研究中1990—2021年中国<20岁人群登革热疾病负担的相关数据,采用标化发病率和标化伤残调整生命年(disability-adjusted life years, DALYs)率进行描述性分析;应用Joinpoint联结点回归模型分析1990—2021年我国<20岁人群登革热疾病负担变化趋势并计算年度变化百分比(annual percent change, APC)和平均年度变化百分比(average annual percent change, AAPC)。结果报告如下。
资料来源于GBD 2021数据库,通过GBD结果工具获取(https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-results/)。该数据库提供全球范围内204个国家的371种疾病和健康状况[8]。本研究从1990—2021年中提取中国<20岁人群登革热标化发病率和标化DALYs率数据进行分析。各标化率均通过 GBD 2021全球标准人口年龄构成[9]进行计算。GBD 2021采用《疾病和有关健康问题的国际统计分类》第十次修订本(International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, ICD-10)[10]对登革热进行分类和编码,编码为A90.X01。
采用Excel 2021软件建立数据库。应用Joinpoint 4.9.1.0软件以联结点回归模型评估长期时间变化趋势,对登革热标化发病率和标化DALYs率进行分段描述,计算APC值和AAPC值及其95%CI。考虑到观测时间段长度不等,采用加权最小二乘法和最大似然估计方法处理不等距时间间隔[11]。通过Permutation检验进行转折点分析、参数估计和模型选择;误差平方和(sum of squared errors, SSE)、均方误差(mean squared error, MSE)值越小,表明模型拟合越好[12]。若APC值和AAPC值及其95%CI均>0或<0,表示该时间段内指标呈增长或下降趋势;当95%CI包含0或P>0.05时,表示趋势无显著变化[13]。检验水准为双侧检验α=0.05。
1990—2021年中国<20岁人群登革热标化发病率依次为0.42/10万、0.45/10万、0.48/10万、0.51/10万、0.53/10万、0.55/10万、0.57/10万、0.57/10万、0.58/10万、0.58/10万、0.58/10万、0.59/10万、0.60/10万、0.60/10万、0.61/10万、0.61/10万、0.62/10万、0.63/10万、0.65/10万、0.66/10万、0.68/10万、0.77/10万、0.97/10万、1.21/10万、1.44/10万、1.58/10万、1.66/10万、1.74/10万、1.84/10万、1.94/10万、2.07/10万、2.14/10万。中国<20岁人群1990—2021年登革热标化发病率总体呈上升趋势(AAPC=5.40%,95%CI=5.24%~5.56%,P<0.001);标化发病率Joinpoint最优模型显示(SSE=0.01,MSE=0.00),中国<20岁人群登革热标化发病率1990—2010年缓慢上升(APC=1.74%, 95%CI=1.41%~2.07%,P<0.001);2010—2014年快速上升(APC=21.19%, 95%CI=16.52%~26.05%,P<0.001);2014—2021年则上升幅度有所减缓(APC=5.95%,95%CI=4.75%~7.18%,P<0.001)。
1990—2021年中国<20岁人群登革热标化DALYs率依次为0.71/10万、0.76/10万、0.71/10万、0.65/10万、0.48/10万、0.39/10万、0.34/10万、0.29/10万、0.25/10万、0.24/10万、0.24/10万、0.25/10万、0.24/10万、0.23/10万、0.21/10万、0.20/10万、0.19/10万、0.16/10万、0.16/10万、0.15/10万、0.14/10万、0.13/10万、0.12/10万、0.11/10万、0.11/10万、0.10/10万、0.09/10万、0.09/10万、0.09/10万、0.09/10万、0.07/10万、0.07/10万。1990—2021年中国<20岁人群登革热标化DALYs率总体呈下降趋势(AAPC=−7.09%,95%CI= −8.13%~–6.03%,P<0.001);标化DALYs率Joinpoint最优模型显示(SSE=1.11,MSE=0.05);1992—1998年中国<20岁人群登革热标化DALYs率快速下降(APC= −16.78%,95%CI= −18.54%~–14.99%,P<0.001)。2002—2013年(APC= −6.95%,95%CI= −7.58%~ –6.31%,P<0.001)和2013—2021年(APC= −4.90%,95%CI= −6.45%~–3.33%,P<0.001);下降幅度有所减缓,1990—1992年与1998—2002年APC值差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。
1990—2021年中国男性<20岁人群登革热标化发病率呈上升趋势,Joinpoint最优模型显示(SSE=0.01,MSE=0.00);其中1990—2010年缓慢上升(APC=1.93%,95%CI=1.67%~2.18%,P<0.001);2010—2014年快速上升(APC=21.83%,95%CI=17.95%~25.84%,P<0.001);2014—2021年则上升幅度有所减缓(APC=5.06%,95%CI=3.91%~6.22%,P<0.001);1990—2021年中国女性<20岁人群登革热标化发病率呈上升趋势。Joinpoint最优模型显示(SSE=0.01,MSE=0.00),其中1990—2010年缓慢上升(APC=1.57%,95%CI=1.16%~1.99%,P<0.001);2010—2014年快速上升(APC=20.45%,95%CI=14.33%~26.90%,P<0.001);2014—2021年则上升幅度有所减缓(APC=6.91%,95%CI=5.06%~8.80%,P<0.001)。
1990—2021年中国男性<20岁人群登革热标化DALYs率呈下降趋势。Joinpoint最优模型显示(SSE=1.10,MSE=0.05),其中1992—1996年快速下降(APC= −25.39%,95%CI= −29.15%~ –21.42%,P<0.001);1996—1999年下降幅度有所减缓(APC= −15.35%,95%CI= −23.20%~ –6.69%,P=0.002);2002—2021年下降幅度最小(APC= −4.66%,95%CI= −5.02%~ –4.29%,P<0.001);1990—2021年中国女性<20岁人群登革热标化DALYs率呈下降趋势,Joinpoint最优模型显示(SSE=0.63,MSE=0.03),其中1993—1998年快速下降(APC= −10.73%,95%CI= −12.64%~ –8.78%,P<0.001);2002—2013年(APC=−9.13%,95%CI= −9.58%~ –8.68%,P<0.001)和2013—2021年(APC= −6.14%,95%CI= −7.35%~ –4.91%,P<0.001),下降幅度有所减缓。
1990—2021年中国<5岁人群登革热标化发病率呈上升趋势。Joinpoint最优模型显示(SSE=0.02,MSE=0.00),其中1990—1996年有所上升(APC=5.48%,95%CI=5.00%~5.97%,P<0.001);1996—2010年上升幅度最小(APC=0.41%,95%CI=0.27%~0.54%,P<0.001);2010—2014年快速上升(APC=24.12%, 95%CI=23.05%~25.20%,P<0.001);2014—2017年(APC=8.92%,95%CI=7.30%~10.57%,P<0.001)和2017—2021年(APC=4.93%,95%CI=4.25%~5.62%,P<0.001)上升幅度有所减缓;1990—2021年5~9岁人群登革热标化发病率呈上升趋势。Joinpoint最优模型显示(SSE=0.02, MSE=0.00),其中1990—2004年有所上升(APC=2.46%,95%CI=2.23%~2.68%,P<0.001);2004—2010年则有所下降(APC=−3.23%,95%CI=−4.31%~ –2.14%,P<0.001);2010—2014年快速上升(APC=24.40%, 95%CI=22.51%~26.32%,P<0.001);2014—2017年(APC=10.28%,95%CI=7.40%~13.24%,P<0.001)和2017—2021年(APC=6.84%,95%CI=5.60%~8.08%,P<0.001)上升幅度有所减缓;1990—2021年10~14岁人群登革热标化发病率呈上升趋势。Joinpoint最优模型显示(SSE=0.01, MSE=0.00),其中1990—1994年有所上升(APC=7.19%,95%CI=6.21%~8.18%,P<0.001);1994—2000年则有所下降(APC= −2.76%,95%CI= −3.39%~ –2.12%,P<0.001);2000—2007年再次有所上升(APC=5.57%,95%CI=5.01%~6.13%,P<0.001);2010—2014年快速上升(APC=17.54%, 95%CI=16.40%~18.70%,P<0.001);2014—2017年上升幅度有所减缓(APC=6.84%,95%CI=6.53%~7.14%,P<0.001)。1990—2021年15~19岁人群登革热标化发病率呈上升趋势。Joinpoint最优模型显示(SSE=0.03, MSE=0.00),其中1990—1997年有所上升(APC=7.88%,95%CI=7.43%~8.33%,P<0.001);1997—2005年则有所下降(APC= −2.01%,95%CI=−2.42%~ –1.60%,P<0.001);2005—2010年再次有所上升(APC=5.26%,95%CI=4.19%~6.34%,P<0.001);2010—2014年快速上升(APC=25.11%, 95%CI=23.82%~26.42%,P<0.001);2014—2021年上升幅度有所减缓(APC=1.71%,95%CI=1.40%~2.02%,P<0.001)。
1990—2021年<5岁人群登革热标化DALYs率呈下降趋势。Joinpoint最优模型显示(SSE=1.36,MSE=0.07),其中1992—1998年快速下降(APC=−14.08%,95%CI= −16.13%~–11.98%,P<0.001);2005—2012年(APC= −11.95%,95%CI= −11.95%~–13.37%,P<0.001)和2012—2021年(APC= −8.29%(95%CI= −9.50%~–7.06%,P<0.001)下降幅度有所减缓;1990—2021年5~9岁人群登革热标化DALYs率呈下降趋势。Joinpoint最优模型显示(SSE=1.36, MSE=0.07),1992—1995年5~9岁人群登革热标化DALYs率快速下降(APC=−20.54%,95%CI=−30.78%~–8.78%,P=0.003);1995—1998年(APC= −12.62%,95%CI= −22.46%~–1.54%,P=0.029)和2002—2021年(APC= −4.39%, 95%CI=−4.82%~–3.95%,P<0.001)下降幅度有所减缓;1990—2021年10~14岁人群登革热标化DALYs率呈下降趋势。Joinpoint最优模型显示(SSE=0.33, MSE=0.02),其中1992—1995年快速下降(APC=−17.97%,95%CI=−24.00%~–11.47%,P<0.001);1995—1998年(APC= −11.63%,95%CI= −17.99%~–4.77%,P=0.003)下降幅度有所减缓;1998—2004年 (APC=2.28%, 95%CI=0.42%~4.17%,P=0.019)和2007—2021年(APC=0.72%,95%CI=0.19%~1.25%,P=0.011)则有所上升;1990—2021年15~19岁人群登革热标化DALYs率呈下降趋势,Joinpoint最优模型显示(SSE=0.25, MSE=0.01),其中1992—1997年快速下降(APC= −9.75%,95%CI=−11.90%~–7.55%,P<0.001);2002—2008年下降幅度有所减缓(APC=−5.02%,95%CI=−6.84%~–3.16%,P<0.001);2008—2015年则有所上升(APC=5.45%, 95%CI=3.73%~7.21%,P<0.001)。
本研究结果显示,中国<20岁人群登革热标化发病率从1990年的0.42/10万上升至2021年的2.14/10万,平均每年增加5.40%。标化DALYs率从1990年的0.71/10万下降至2021年的0.07/10万,平均每年下降7.09%,与我国全人群登革热疾病负担变化趋势一致[14]。然而与全球<20岁人群登革热疾病负担[7]相比,我国标化DALYs率呈下降趋势,表明中国在登革热诊治和减少重症登革热的发生等方面取得一定成效[15]。Joinpoint联结点回归分析结果显示,2010—2014年中国<20岁人群登革热标化发病率上升速度最快,APC值最高为21.19%。这可能与多重因素协同作用有关,如受到当时东南亚和西太平洋等地区登革热输入影响、气候变暖、货物流通和旅游、商务等活动加剧等[16–17]有关。1992—1998年标化DALYs率下降速度最快,APC值为–16.78%,可能与我国社会经济发展、传染病防控体系逐步完善、计划免疫和健康教育的推动等有关[18]。
本研究结果还显示,1990—2021年不同性别<20岁人群登革热标化发病率均呈上升趋势,标化DALYs率均呈下降趋势;其中女性的标化发病率及其上升幅度均高于男性,与Yue Y J等[19 – 20]研究结果一致。提示需加强针对女性群体的登革热监测与控制工作;男性的标化DALYs率及其下降幅度均高于女性,与徐朦等[18]研究结果一致。提示应继续加强该群体早期症状的识别和干预,减少重症的发生。1990—2021年不同年龄组<20岁人群登革热标化发病率亦均呈上升趋势,其中5~9岁人群标化发病率最高,与Ly S等[21 – 22]研究结果一致,这可能与儿童户外暴露增加等因素有关。而<5岁人群标化发病率上升趋势最明显(AAPC=5.60%,95%CI=5.38%~5.83%,P<0.001)。提示婴幼儿群体应作为登革热防控的重点人群。在不同年龄组中,<5岁人群的标化DALYs率最高,与婴儿初次感染登革热病情可能更快恶化为重症,且较年龄较大的儿童和成人更易发展为登革出血热和危及生命的疾病有关[7]。但1990—2021年,该年龄组人群标化DALYs率下降的幅度最高(AAPC= −8.45%,95%CI= −9.82%~ –7.07%,P<0.001);间接肯定了我国针对婴幼儿登革热医疗干预的有效性。虽然各年龄组人群登革热标化DALYs率在1990—2021年均呈下降趋势,但Joinpoint联结点回归分析显示,10~14岁人群标化DALYs率在1998—2004年(APC=2.28%,95%CI=0.42%~4.17%)和2007—2021年(APC=0.72%,95%CI=0.19%~1.25%)以及15~19岁人群标化DALYs率在2008—2015年则均有所上升(APC=5.45%,95%CI=3.73%~7.21%)。提示今后应加强对10~19岁人群的防护。目前尚无针对登革热感染的特效药物。已知有2种获得许可的登革热疫苗,虽对婴幼儿、老年人以及加强免疫效果都不尽如意,但世界卫生组织建议在登革热传播强度较高的地区,可为6~16岁人群使用TAK-003疫苗[23]。此外,应加强重点人群登革热监测预警和宣传教育以提高其防疫意识,同时政府部门也应加强对蚊虫孳生环境的治理,经常开展防蚊灭蚊工作[24]。
综上所述,1990—2021年中国<20岁人群登革热标化发病率呈上升趋势;标化DALYs率呈下降趋势;其中2010—2014年的标化发病率上升速度最快,1992—1998年的标化DALYs率下降速度最快;女性的标化发病率及其上升幅度略高于男性,<5岁人群标化发病率上升趋势最为明显且标化DALYs率最高。提示我国<20岁人群登革热疫情形势日渐严峻,尤其应对女性和<5岁人群的登革热防控工作加以重视。

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doi: 10.11847/zgggws1147230
  • 接收时间:2025-02-26
  • 首发时间:2026-10-23
  • 出版时间:2026-01-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-26
  • 修回日期:2025-06-01
  • 录用日期:2025-07-24
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    郑州大学第三附属医院,郑州 450000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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