Article(id=1320442666681221808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320442616123081022, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11847/zgggws1146758, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1734969600000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-24, revisedDate=1740585600000, revisedDateStr=2025-02-27, acceptedDate=1746806400000, acceptedDateStr=2025-05-10, onlineDate=1792747664374, onlineDateStr=2026-10-23, pubDate=1767974400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792747664374, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792747664374, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792747664374, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320442616123081022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, year='2026', volume='42', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='128', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1767974400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792747652321, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792748136930, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320444648791851086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320442616123081022, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320444648791851087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320442616123081022, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=107, endPage=113, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320442666869965489, articleId=1320442666681221808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=EN, title=Job satisfaction and its influencing factors among public health workers in Shanxi province: a cross-sectional survey, columnId=1320427686514770171, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Public Health, columnName=Survey and Report, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the current status of job satisfaction and its influencing factors among public health service personnel in Shanxi province, and to provide a reference for improving the quality of public health services in Shanxi province.

Methods

From June to December 2023, a stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 3 694 in-service personnel participating in public health services from 60 public health institutions and medical institutions in six cities in southern, central, and northern Shanxi province. An online questionnaire survey was conducted via the Questionnaire Star platform. Non-parametric tests and multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the influencing factors of job satisfaction among public health service personnel in the region. A random forest model was used to rank the importance of these influencing factors.

Results

The overall job satisfaction score of public health service personnel in Shanxi province was 12.00 (11.75, 16.00). The satisfaction scores for talent treatment guarantee, talent incentive mechanism, talent evaluation model, and talent promotion mechanism were all 3.00 (3.00, 4.00). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that female gender (β' = 0.063), higher occupational identity (β' = 0.206), willingness to participate in cross-training of clinical skills for public health technical personnel (β' = 0.029), establishment of a "peace-epidemic" functional transformation mechanism in the unit (β' = 0.042), establishment of a traditional Chinese medicine collaboration mechanism in the unit (β' = 0.056), complete information docking between the unit and medical institutions (β' = 0.071), slight improvement in personnel treatment guarantee in the past three years (β' = 0.103) and significant improvement (β' = 0.147), slight improvement in talent incentive mechanism (β' = 0.143) and significant improvement (β' = 0.170), slight improvement in talent evaluation model (β' = 0.084) and significant improvement (β' = 0.167), and slight improvement in talent promotion mechanism (β' = 0.152) and significant improvement (β' = 0.203) were associated with higher overall job satisfaction among public health service personnel in Shanxi province. A master′s degree or above (β' = –0.029) and participation in technical guidance for primary public health services (β' = –0.054) were associated with lower overall job satisfaction (all P<0.05). Random forest model analysis showed that the top five influencing factors in the importance ranking of job satisfaction among public health service personnel in Shanxi province were occupational identity, talent incentive mechanism, talent promotion mechanism, talent evaluation model, and personnel treatment guarantee, with %IncMSE values and IncNodePurity values of 41.94 and 804.52, 30.51 and 1464.13, 30.45 and 1454.41, 29.66 and 1681.55, and 23.78 and 988.18, respectively.

Conclusions

The job satisfaction of public health service personnel in Shanxi province is at a medium-to-high level. Efforts to improve their job satisfaction can focus on enhancing occupational identity, providing on-demand vocational training opportunities, strengthening information technology construction, and improving talent team development.

, authors=Jing CHENG1, Guangxian ZENG1, Dahong WU1, Wei DAI2, Xuefen ZHANG1, Xiaojuan LINGHU1, Yuxiao WANG3, Tong WANG4, Lu HE1, authorsList=Jing CHENG, Guangxian ZENG, Dahong WU, Wei DAI, Xuefen ZHANG, Xiaojuan LINGHU, Yuxiao WANG, Tong WANG, Lu HE, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Tong WANG, Lu HE, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
WANG Tong, E-mail:
HE Lu, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Chinese Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320442667419419316, articleId=1320442666681221808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=CN, title=山西省公共卫生服务人员工作满意度及其影响因素:一项网络问卷调查, columnId=1320427686770622717, journalTitle=中国公共卫生, columnName=调查报告与分析, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

了解山西省公共卫生服务人员工作满意度及其影响因素,为提升山西省公共卫生服务质量提供参考依据。

方法

于2023年6—12月采取分层随机整群抽样方法在山西省晋南、晋中和晋北地区抽取6个市共60家公共卫生机构和医疗机构的3 694名参与公共卫生服务的在岗人员通过问卷星平台进行线上问卷调查,采用非参数检验和多元线性回归模型分析该地区公共卫生服务人员工作满意度的影响因素,并应用随机森林模型对其影响因素进行重要性排序。

结果

山西省公共卫生服务人员工作总体满意度得分为12.00(11.75,16.00)分,其中人才待遇保障满意度、人才激励机制满意度、人才评价模式满意度和人才晋升机制满意度4个方面的得分均为3.00(3.00,4.00)分。多元线性回归分析结果显示,女性(β'=0.063)、职业认同感较高(β'=0.206)、准备参加公卫技术人员临床能力交叉训练(β'=0.029)、单位建立“平疫”职能转换机制(β'=0.042)、单位建立中医协作机制(β'=0.056)、单位与医疗机构信息对接完整(β'=0.071)以及近3年人员待遇保障略有改善(β'=0.103)和显著改善(β'=0.147)、人才激励机制略有改善(β'=0.143)和显著改善(β'=0.170)、人才评价模式略有改善(β'=0.084)和显著改善(β'=0.167)、人才晋升机制略有改善(β'=0.152)和显著改善(β'=0.203)的山西省公共卫生服务人员工作总体满意度较高,硕士及以上文化程度(β'= –0.029)和参与基层公共卫生服务技术指导(β'= –0.054)的山西省公共卫生服务人员工作总体满意度较低(均P<0.05);随机森林模型分析结果显示,山西省公共卫生服务人员工作满意度重要性排序居于前5位的影响因素均为职业认同感、人才激励机制、人才晋升机制、人才评价模式和人员待遇保障,其%IncMSE值和IncNodePurity值分别为41.94和804.52、30.51和1 464.13、30.45和1 454.41、29.66和1 681.55、23.78和988.18。

结论

山西省公共卫生服务人员工作满意度处于中上等水平,可从提升职业认同感、按需提供职业培训机会、加强信息化建设和完善人才队伍建设等方面着手提高其工作满意度。

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程静(2001—),硕士在读,研究方向:卫生服务

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王彤,E-mail:
贺鹭,E-mail:
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journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=常靖茹, 徐淑倩, 王好, 等. 湖北省基层公共卫生人员工作满意度调查及影响因素分析[J]. 职业与健康, 2024, 40(21): 2925-2928., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320442685727556373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320442666681221808, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=24, rfOrder=23, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=章鹰, 曾子莹, 李文翠, 等. 广州市某中心城区社区卫生服务中心工作人员的工作满意度综合评价[J]. 医学与社会, 2024, 37(3): 27-33, 46., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320442687237505814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320442666681221808, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=25, rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张静, 张安, 谢国群, 等. 毕节市乡村医生工作满意度及其影响因素[J]. 医学与社会, 2024, 37(9): 53-60, 69., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320442667658494645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320442666681221808, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320442667666883254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320442666681221808, companyId=1320442667658494645, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320442667675271863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320442666681221808, companyId=1320442667658494645, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1山西医科大学公共卫生学院社会医学教研室,太原 030001)]), 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companyId=1320442669470433982, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320442669483016896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320442666681221808, companyId=1320442669470433982, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4山西医科大学公共卫生学院卫生统计学教研室,太原 030001)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320442679972971255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320442666681221808, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Comparison of overall job satisfaction scores of public health workers with different characteristics of gender,age, education, specialty, years of working, occupational identity, public health technicians in cross-training of clinical capabilities, the participation status in cross-training of clinical skills for public health technical personnel , participation in technical guidance for primary public health services, establishment of a "peace-epidemic" functional transformation mechanism in the unit , establishment of a traditional Chinese medicine collaboration mechanism in the unit, complete information docking between the unit and primary health institutions\medical institutions, personnel treatment guarantee/ talent incentive mechanism/ talent evaluation model/ talent promotion mechanism in the past three years in Shanxi province

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征分类总体满意度/分[M(P25,P75)]Z/H值P值
性别男性12.00(11.00,16.00)−2.900.004
女性12.00(12.00,16.00)
年龄/岁18~3013.00(12.00,16.00)24.30<0.001
31~4012.00(11.00,16.00)
41~5012.00(11.00,16.00)
>5012.00(11.00,16.00)
文化程度中专/高中14.00(12.00,16.00)51.95<0.001
大专/本科12.00(11.00,16.00)
硕士及以上12.00(9.00,13.00)
专业非医学12.00(12.00,16.00)1.200.548
临床医学12.00(11.00,16.00)
公共卫生/预防医学12.00(11.00,16.00)
从业时间/年≤513.00(12.00,16.00)41.59<0.001
6~1012.00(11.00,16.00)
11~1512.00(11.00,16.00)
16~2012.00(11.00,15.00)
≥2112.00(11.00,16.00)
职业认同感较低12.00(9.00,12.00)−25.90<0.001
较高14.00(12.00,16.00)
公卫技术人员临床能力交叉训练参加情况未参加12.00(10.00,14.00)322.30<0.001
参加14.00(12.00,16.00)
准备参加15.00(12.00,16.00)
基层公共卫生服务技术指导参与情况未参与12.00(11.00,16.00)−6.14<0.001
参与13.00(12.00,16.00)
单位“平疫”职能转换机制建立情况未建立12.00(10.00,14.00)−21.64<0.001
建立15.00(12.00,16.00)
单位中医协作机制建立情况未建立12.00(9.00,13.00)418.58<0.001
建立14.00(12.00,16.00)
正在建立12.00(12.00,15.00)492.72<0.001
单位与基层卫生机构信息对接情况无对接12.00(8.00,12.00)
对接不完整12.00(10.00,14.00)
对接完整14.00(12.00,16.00)
单位与医疗机构信息对接情况无对接12.00(8.00,12.00)562.45<0.001
对接不完整12.00(10.00,13.00)
对接完整14.00(12.00,16.00)
近3年人员待遇保障无改善11.00(8.00,12.00)1002.33<0.001
略有改善13.00(12.00,16.00)
显著改善16.00(16.00,19.00)
近3年人才激励机制无改善11.00(8.00,12.00)1550.34<0.001
略有改善13.00(12.00,16.00)
显著改善16.00(16.00,20.00)
近3年人才评价模式无改善11.00(8.00,12.00)1566.87<0.001
略有改善13.00(12.00,16.00)
显著改善16.00(16.00,20.00)
近3年人才晋升机制无改善11.00(8.00,12.00)1542.88<0.001
略有改善13.00 (12.00,16.00)
显著改善16.00 (16.00,20.00)
), ArticleFig(id=1320442680723751673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320442666681221808, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

山西省不同特征公共卫生服务人员工作总体满意度得分比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征分类总体满意度/分[M(P25,P75)]Z/H值P值
性别男性12.00(11.00,16.00)−2.900.004
女性12.00(12.00,16.00)
年龄/岁18~3013.00(12.00,16.00)24.30<0.001
31~4012.00(11.00,16.00)
41~5012.00(11.00,16.00)
>5012.00(11.00,16.00)
文化程度中专/高中14.00(12.00,16.00)51.95<0.001
大专/本科12.00(11.00,16.00)
硕士及以上12.00(9.00,13.00)
专业非医学12.00(12.00,16.00)1.200.548
临床医学12.00(11.00,16.00)
公共卫生/预防医学12.00(11.00,16.00)
从业时间/年≤513.00(12.00,16.00)41.59<0.001
6~1012.00(11.00,16.00)
11~1512.00(11.00,16.00)
16~2012.00(11.00,15.00)
≥2112.00(11.00,16.00)
职业认同感较低12.00(9.00,12.00)−25.90<0.001
较高14.00(12.00,16.00)
公卫技术人员临床能力交叉训练参加情况未参加12.00(10.00,14.00)322.30<0.001
参加14.00(12.00,16.00)
准备参加15.00(12.00,16.00)
基层公共卫生服务技术指导参与情况未参与12.00(11.00,16.00)−6.14<0.001
参与13.00(12.00,16.00)
单位“平疫”职能转换机制建立情况未建立12.00(10.00,14.00)−21.64<0.001
建立15.00(12.00,16.00)
单位中医协作机制建立情况未建立12.00(9.00,13.00)418.58<0.001
建立14.00(12.00,16.00)
正在建立12.00(12.00,15.00)492.72<0.001
单位与基层卫生机构信息对接情况无对接12.00(8.00,12.00)
对接不完整12.00(10.00,14.00)
对接完整14.00(12.00,16.00)
单位与医疗机构信息对接情况无对接12.00(8.00,12.00)562.45<0.001
对接不完整12.00(10.00,13.00)
对接完整14.00(12.00,16.00)
近3年人员待遇保障无改善11.00(8.00,12.00)1002.33<0.001
略有改善13.00(12.00,16.00)
显著改善16.00(16.00,19.00)
近3年人才激励机制无改善11.00(8.00,12.00)1550.34<0.001
略有改善13.00(12.00,16.00)
显著改善16.00(16.00,20.00)
近3年人才评价模式无改善11.00(8.00,12.00)1566.87<0.001
略有改善13.00(12.00,16.00)
显著改善16.00(16.00,20.00)
近3年人才晋升机制无改善11.00(8.00,12.00)1542.88<0.001
略有改善13.00 (12.00,16.00)
显著改善16.00 (16.00,20.00)
), ArticleFig(id=1320442680836997882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320442666681221808, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Multiple linear regression analysis of factors of gender, education, occupational identity, public health technicians in cross-training of clinical capabilities, the participation status in cross-training of clinical skills for public health technical personnel , participation in technical guidance for primary public health services, establishment of a "peace-epidemic" functional transformation mechanism in the unit , establishment of a traditional Chinese medicine collaboration mechanism in the unit, complete information docking between the unit and medical institutions, personnel treatment guarantee/ talent incentive mechanism/ talent evaluation model/ talent promotion mechanism influencing the overall job satisfaction of public health workers in Shanxi province

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量比较组对照组β $ S_{\overline{x}} $β't值P值
性别女性男性0.4540.0850.0635.328<0.001
文化程度大专/本科中专/高中−0.1330.097−0.016−1.3630.173
硕士及以上−0.7880.311−0.029−2.5320.011
职业认同感较高较低1.5390.0870.20617.707<0.001
公卫技术人员临床能力交叉训练参加情况准备参加未参加0.3000.1300.0292.3070.021
基层公共卫生服务技术指导参与情况参与未参与−0.3670.084−0.054−4.383<0.001
单位“平疫”职能转换机制建立情况建立未建立0.2850.0840.0423.388<0.001
单位中医协作机制建立情况建立未建立0.3820.0980.0563.886<0.001
正在建立0.2610.1220.0282.1440.032
单位与医疗机构信息对接情况对接不完整无对接0.1210.1760.0160.6870.492
对接完整0.4850.1900.0712.5490.011
人员待遇保障略有改善无改善0.7010.1060.1036.605<0.001
显著改善1.3630.1720.1477.905<0.001
人才激励机制略有改善无改善0.9660.1230.1437.846<0.001
显著改善1.6440.2170.1707.558<0.001
人才评价模式略有改善无改善0.5700.1340.0844.267<0.001
显著改善1.6030.2430.1676.605<0.001
人才晋升机制略有改善无改善1.0280.1220.1528.455<0.001
显著改善1.9830.2170.2039.121<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1320442681126404859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320442666681221808, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

山西省公共卫生服务人员工作总体满意度影响因素多元线性回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量比较组对照组β $ S_{\overline{x}} $β't值P值
性别女性男性0.4540.0850.0635.328<0.001
文化程度大专/本科中专/高中−0.1330.097−0.016−1.3630.173
硕士及以上−0.7880.311−0.029−2.5320.011
职业认同感较高较低1.5390.0870.20617.707<0.001
公卫技术人员临床能力交叉训练参加情况准备参加未参加0.3000.1300.0292.3070.021
基层公共卫生服务技术指导参与情况参与未参与−0.3670.084−0.054−4.383<0.001
单位“平疫”职能转换机制建立情况建立未建立0.2850.0840.0423.388<0.001
单位中医协作机制建立情况建立未建立0.3820.0980.0563.886<0.001
正在建立0.2610.1220.0282.1440.032
单位与医疗机构信息对接情况对接不完整无对接0.1210.1760.0160.6870.492
对接完整0.4850.1900.0712.5490.011
人员待遇保障略有改善无改善0.7010.1060.1036.605<0.001
显著改善1.3630.1720.1477.905<0.001
人才激励机制略有改善无改善0.9660.1230.1437.846<0.001
显著改善1.6440.2170.1707.558<0.001
人才评价模式略有改善无改善0.5700.1340.0844.267<0.001
显著改善1.6030.2430.1676.605<0.001
人才晋升机制略有改善无改善1.0280.1220.1528.455<0.001
显著改善1.9830.2170.2039.121<0.001
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山西省公共卫生服务人员工作满意度及其影响因素:一项网络问卷调查
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程静 1 , 曾广贤 1 , 武大宏 1 , 戴玮 2 , 张雪芬 1 , 令狐晓娟 1 , 王宇潇 3 , 王彤 4, *, * , 贺鹭 1, *, *
中国公共卫生 | 调查报告与分析 2026,42(1): 107-113
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中国公共卫生 |调查报告与分析 2026 , 42 (1) : 107 -113
山西省公共卫生服务人员工作满意度及其影响因素:一项网络问卷调查
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程静1, 曾广贤1, 武大宏1, 戴玮2, 张雪芬1, 令狐晓娟1, 王宇潇3, 王彤4, *, * , 贺鹭1, *, *
作者信息
  • 1山西医科大学公共卫生学院社会医学教研室,太原 030001
  • 2山西省卫生健康委员会规划发展和信息化处,太原 030000
  • 3山西医科大学管理学院卫生经济学教研室,太原 030001
  • 4山西医科大学公共卫生学院卫生统计学教研室,太原 030001
通讯作者:
王彤,E-mail:
贺鹭,E-mail:
作者简介:

程静(2001—),硕士在读,研究方向:卫生服务

Job satisfaction and its influencing factors among public health workers in Shanxi province: a cross-sectional survey
Jing CHENG1, Guangxian ZENG1, Dahong WU1, Wei DAI2, Xuefen ZHANG1, Xiaojuan LINGHU1, Yuxiao WANG3, Tong WANG4 , Lu HE1
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
  • 2Department of Planning, Development and Informatization, Shanxi Provincial Health Commission, Taiyuan 030000, China
  • 3Department of Health Economics, School of Management, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
  • 4Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    WANG Tong, E-mail:
    HE Lu, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-01-10 doi: 10.11847/zgggws1146758
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目的

了解山西省公共卫生服务人员工作满意度及其影响因素,为提升山西省公共卫生服务质量提供参考依据。

方法

于2023年6—12月采取分层随机整群抽样方法在山西省晋南、晋中和晋北地区抽取6个市共60家公共卫生机构和医疗机构的3 694名参与公共卫生服务的在岗人员通过问卷星平台进行线上问卷调查,采用非参数检验和多元线性回归模型分析该地区公共卫生服务人员工作满意度的影响因素,并应用随机森林模型对其影响因素进行重要性排序。

结果

山西省公共卫生服务人员工作总体满意度得分为12.00(11.75,16.00)分,其中人才待遇保障满意度、人才激励机制满意度、人才评价模式满意度和人才晋升机制满意度4个方面的得分均为3.00(3.00,4.00)分。多元线性回归分析结果显示,女性(β'=0.063)、职业认同感较高(β'=0.206)、准备参加公卫技术人员临床能力交叉训练(β'=0.029)、单位建立“平疫”职能转换机制(β'=0.042)、单位建立中医协作机制(β'=0.056)、单位与医疗机构信息对接完整(β'=0.071)以及近3年人员待遇保障略有改善(β'=0.103)和显著改善(β'=0.147)、人才激励机制略有改善(β'=0.143)和显著改善(β'=0.170)、人才评价模式略有改善(β'=0.084)和显著改善(β'=0.167)、人才晋升机制略有改善(β'=0.152)和显著改善(β'=0.203)的山西省公共卫生服务人员工作总体满意度较高,硕士及以上文化程度(β'= –0.029)和参与基层公共卫生服务技术指导(β'= –0.054)的山西省公共卫生服务人员工作总体满意度较低(均P<0.05);随机森林模型分析结果显示,山西省公共卫生服务人员工作满意度重要性排序居于前5位的影响因素均为职业认同感、人才激励机制、人才晋升机制、人才评价模式和人员待遇保障,其%IncMSE值和IncNodePurity值分别为41.94和804.52、30.51和1 464.13、30.45和1 454.41、29.66和1 681.55、23.78和988.18。

结论

山西省公共卫生服务人员工作满意度处于中上等水平,可从提升职业认同感、按需提供职业培训机会、加强信息化建设和完善人才队伍建设等方面着手提高其工作满意度。

工作满意度  /  影响因素  /  公共卫生服务人员  /  山西省
Objective

To investigate the current status of job satisfaction and its influencing factors among public health service personnel in Shanxi province, and to provide a reference for improving the quality of public health services in Shanxi province.

Methods

From June to December 2023, a stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 3 694 in-service personnel participating in public health services from 60 public health institutions and medical institutions in six cities in southern, central, and northern Shanxi province. An online questionnaire survey was conducted via the Questionnaire Star platform. Non-parametric tests and multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the influencing factors of job satisfaction among public health service personnel in the region. A random forest model was used to rank the importance of these influencing factors.

Results

The overall job satisfaction score of public health service personnel in Shanxi province was 12.00 (11.75, 16.00). The satisfaction scores for talent treatment guarantee, talent incentive mechanism, talent evaluation model, and talent promotion mechanism were all 3.00 (3.00, 4.00). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that female gender (β' = 0.063), higher occupational identity (β' = 0.206), willingness to participate in cross-training of clinical skills for public health technical personnel (β' = 0.029), establishment of a "peace-epidemic" functional transformation mechanism in the unit (β' = 0.042), establishment of a traditional Chinese medicine collaboration mechanism in the unit (β' = 0.056), complete information docking between the unit and medical institutions (β' = 0.071), slight improvement in personnel treatment guarantee in the past three years (β' = 0.103) and significant improvement (β' = 0.147), slight improvement in talent incentive mechanism (β' = 0.143) and significant improvement (β' = 0.170), slight improvement in talent evaluation model (β' = 0.084) and significant improvement (β' = 0.167), and slight improvement in talent promotion mechanism (β' = 0.152) and significant improvement (β' = 0.203) were associated with higher overall job satisfaction among public health service personnel in Shanxi province. A master′s degree or above (β' = –0.029) and participation in technical guidance for primary public health services (β' = –0.054) were associated with lower overall job satisfaction (all P<0.05). Random forest model analysis showed that the top five influencing factors in the importance ranking of job satisfaction among public health service personnel in Shanxi province were occupational identity, talent incentive mechanism, talent promotion mechanism, talent evaluation model, and personnel treatment guarantee, with %IncMSE values and IncNodePurity values of 41.94 and 804.52, 30.51 and 1464.13, 30.45 and 1454.41, 29.66 and 1681.55, and 23.78 and 988.18, respectively.

Conclusions

The job satisfaction of public health service personnel in Shanxi province is at a medium-to-high level. Efforts to improve their job satisfaction can focus on enhancing occupational identity, providing on-demand vocational training opportunities, strengthening information technology construction, and improving talent team development.

job satisfaction  /  influencing factors  /  public health service personnel  /  Shanxi province
程静, 曾广贤, 武大宏, 戴玮, 张雪芬, 令狐晓娟, 王宇潇, 王彤, 贺鹭. 山西省公共卫生服务人员工作满意度及其影响因素:一项网络问卷调查. 中国公共卫生, 2026 , 42 (1) : 107 -113 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1146758
Jing CHENG, Guangxian ZENG, Dahong WU, Wei DAI, Xuefen ZHANG, Xiaojuan LINGHU, Yuxiao WANG, Tong WANG, Lu HE. Job satisfaction and its influencing factors among public health workers in Shanxi province: a cross-sectional survey[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2026 , 42 (1) : 107 -113 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1146758
公共卫生服务项目覆盖中国14亿多人口,与人民的生活和健康密切相关,公共卫生人才队伍是保障该项目的重要屏障,而工作满意度与公共卫生人才队伍的稳定性及所提供的公共卫生服务质量密切相关。《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》中强调,优化公共卫生服务是增强人民健康福祉的关键路径[1]。目前,我国的公共卫生服务需求增大,但供给效率和质量仍有较大提升空间,公共卫生人力资源总量不足[2]。有研究表明,员工的工作满意度会显著影响其离职意愿以及服务质量,其满意度越高,服务质量水平越高,离职意愿越低[3]。因此,提升员工满意度已经成为提升公共卫生服务质量水平以及减少人才流失的重要途径,这对公共卫生服务的完善以及公共卫生事业的可持续发展具有重要意义[4]。为了解山西省公共卫生服务人员工作满意度现状及其影响因素,为提升山西省公共卫生服务质量提供参考依据,本研究于2023年6—12月采取分层随机整群抽样方法在山西省晋南、晋中和晋北地区抽取6个市共60家公共卫生机构和医疗机构的3694名参与公共卫生服务的在岗人员通过问卷星平台进行线上问卷调查,通过非参数检验和多元线性回归模型分析该地区公共卫生服务人员工作满意度的影响因素,并应用随机森林模型对其影响因素进行重要性排序。结果报告如下。
采用分层随机整群抽样方法,在山西省的晋南、晋中和晋北3个地区分别抽取2个市共6个市,每市随机抽取10家公共卫生机构和医疗机构,对抽取的60家公共卫生机构和医疗机构(包括卫生健康委员会、疾病预防控制机构、卫生监督机构、医院、妇幼保健院、健康教育机构和基层医疗机构等)中参与公共卫生服务的全部在岗人员进行线上调查。本次共发放调查问卷3 795份,排除作答时间<2 min的问卷后,共回收有效问卷3 694份,问卷有效回收率为97.3%。本研究经山西医科大学伦理委员会审查批准(批号:2023SJL79),被调查对象均了解调查目的且自愿填写问卷。
调查问卷为自行设计,通过问卷星平台将调查问卷推送至各公共卫生机构和医疗机构中参与公共卫生服务的全部在岗人员进行线上调查。内容包括性别、年龄、文化程度、专业、从业时间、职业认同感、所在单位组织管理能力和工作满意度情况。其中,职业认同感通过“您对所从事工作看法如何?”这一条目进行评估,其中选择“差”“较差”和“一般”的被定义为职业认同感较低,选择“较好”或“好”的被定义为职业认同感较高;所在单位组织管理能力包括公共卫生专业技术人员临床能力交叉训练参加情况、基层公共卫生服务技术指导参与情况、单位“平疫”职能转换机制建立情况、单位中医协作机制建立情况、单位与基层卫生机构信息对接情况、单位与医疗机构信息对接情况以及近3年人员待遇保障改善情况、人才激励机制改善情况、人才评价模式改善情况和人才晋升机制改善情况等;满意度调查内容包括待遇保障、激励机制、评价模式和晋升机制4个方面的满意度,按非常不满意、比较不满意、一般、比较满意和非常满意分别计1、2、3、4和5分,总分为4~20分,得分越高代表工作满意度越高。满意度量表Crobach′s α系数为0.939,KMO值为0.851,Bartlet′s球形检验的χ2=13834.880(P<0.001),该量表的信度和效度均较高。
采用SPSS 26.0和R 4.4.2软件进行统计分析。总体满意度为非正态分布,单因素分析中两组间比较采用Wilcoxcon秩和检验,多组间比较采用Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验;经检验残差符合正态分布,多因素分析应用多元线性回归模型。应用随机森林模型对其影响因素进行重要性排序,该模型是Breiman L[5]提出的一种基于决策树的机器学习算法。本研究以工作满意度为因变量构建随机森林回归模型,决策树棵数为500,每个节点可选择的变量为3,按3:7的比例划分训练集和测试集,根据%IncMSE值和IncNodePurity值衡量影响因素对工作满意度影响的大小。%IncMSE值越大,说明该特征对模型预测能力的影响越大;IncNodePurity值越大,说明该特征在模型内部分裂过程中的贡献越大[6–7];即,%IncMSE值和IncNodePurity值越大,所研究影响因素的影响力越大。检验水准为双侧检验α=0.05。
山西省调查的3694名公共卫生服务人员中,男性1 141人(30.9%),女性2 553人(69.1%);年龄18~30岁669人(18.1%),31~40岁1 105人(29.9%),41~50岁1 252人(33.9%),>50岁668人(18.1%);文化程度中专/高中769人(20.8%),大专/本科2 866人(77.6%),硕士及以上59人(1.6%);非医学专业479人(13.0%),临床医学专业2 278人(61.7%),公共卫生/预防医学专业937人(25.4%);从业时间≤5年1 026人(27.8%),6~10年710人(19.2%),11~15年543人(14.7%),16~20年413人(11.2%),≥21年1 002人(27.1%);职业认同感较低者1 066人(28.9%),较高者2 628人(71.1%);未参加公共卫生专业技术人员临床能力交叉训练者1 629人(44.1%),参加公共卫生专业技术人员临床能力交叉训练者1 620人(43.9%),准备参加公共卫生专业技术人员临床能力交叉训练者445人(12.0%);未参与基层公共卫生服务技术指导者1 643人(44.5%),参与基层公共卫生服务技术指导者2 051人(55.5%);单位未建立“平疫”职能转换机制者1 871人(50.6%),建立“平疫”职能转换机制者1 823人(49.4%);单位未建立中医协作机制者1 191人(32.2%),建立中医协作机制者1 909人(51.7%),正在建立中医协作机制者594人(16.1%);单位与基层卫生机构无信息对接者371人(10.0%),对接不完整者1 101人(29.8%),对接完整者2 222人(60.2%);单位与医疗机构无信息对接者416人(11.3%),对接不完整者1 117人(30.2%),对接完整者2 161人(58.5%);近3年人员待遇保障未改善者1 022人(27.7%),略有改善者2 089人(56.6%),显著改善者583人(15.8%);近3年人才激励机制未改善者1 261人(34.1%),略有改善者1 905人(51.6%),显著改善者528人(14.3%);近3年人才评价模式未改善者1 164人(31.5%),略有改善者1 999人(54.1%),显著改善者531人(14.4%);近3年人才晋升机制未改善者1278人(34.6%),略有改善者1 905人(51.6%),显著改善者511人(13.8%)。
山西省公共卫生服务人员总体工作满意度得分为12.00(11.75,16.00)分,其中,人才待遇保障、人才激励机制、人才评价模式和人才晋升机制4个方面满意度得分均为3.00(3.00,4.00)分。
山西省不同特征公共卫生服务人员工作总体满意度比较,不同性别、年龄、文化程度、从业时间、职业认同感、公卫技术人员临床能力交叉训练参加情况、基层公共卫生服务技术指导参与情况、单位“平疫”职能转换机制建立情况、单位中医协作机制建立情况、单位与基层卫生机构信息对接情况、单位与医疗机构信息对接情况以及近3年人员待遇保障改善情况、人才激励机制改善情况、人才评价模式改善情况、人才晋升机制改善情况公共卫生服务人员总体满意度不同,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。
多元线性回归分析结果显示,女性、职业认同感较高、准备参加公卫技术人员临床能力交叉训练、单位建立“平疫”职能转换机制和单位建立中医协作机制、单位与医疗机构信息对接完整以及近3年人员待遇保障、人才激励机制、人才评价模式、人才晋升机制略有改善和显著改善山西省公共卫生服务人员的工作总体满意度较高,硕士及以上文化程度和参加基层公共卫生服务技术指导山西省公共卫生服务人员的工作总体满意度较低(均P<0.05)。
随机森林模型的R2值为0.56,其分析结果显示,山西省公共卫生服务人员工作满意度重要性排序居于前5位的影响因素为职业认同感、人才激励机制、人才晋升机制、人才评价模式和人员待遇保障,其%IncMSE值和IncNodePurity值分别为41.94和804.52、30.51和1464.13、30.45和1454.41、29.66和1681.55、23.78和988.18。
公共卫生服务不仅是保障群众健康的基石,也是维护社会和谐的重要支柱[8–9],优化和完善公共卫生服务体系是实现“健康中国”战略目标的重要环节[1]。而公共卫生服务人员作为直接参与者,其工作满意度对公共卫生服务的服务质量起直接作用。有研究表明,公共卫生服务人员工作满意度越高,其服务质量就越高[10]。本次调查结果显示,山西省公共卫生服务人员在性别、文化程度和专业结构上均存在失衡现象,其中女性服务人员占比较多(69.1%),与江西省调查结果一致[11],31⁓50岁人员较多,文化程度以大专/本科为主,公共卫生专业人员较少,仅占25.4%,专业性明显不足,因此,应引进更多公共卫生专业人才,同时注重工作人员的性别和专业结构,进一步提升山西省公共卫生服务队伍的专业水平。
本次调查结果显示,山西省公共卫生服务人员工作总体满意度得分为12.00(11.75,16.00)分,处于中上水平,与江西省[11]和安徽省[12]水平相似;与男性相比,女性公共卫生服务人员的工作总体满意度较高,这可能与不同性别公共卫生服务人员的职业期待有所不同有关,女性更注重稳定的工作环境,若工作能兼顾家庭与事业,其满意度会有所增强[13];中专/高中文化程度公共卫生服务人员的工作总体满意度较高,而硕士及以上文化程度公共卫生服务人员的工作总体满意度最低,可能是因为文化程度较高者与文化程度较低者相比,其工作需求或期望值均有所提高,但实际工作环境却未能满足其需求,因此满意度有所下降[14–15]。
本次调查结果显示,山西省公共卫生服务人员中有28.9%的人员职业认同感较低,与东北地区[16]相比,虽然山西省公共卫生人员的职业认同感较高,但仍存在人才流失的风险[17]。多元线性回归分析结果显示,职业认同感较高公共卫生服务人员的工作满意度也较高,与东北地区研究结果一致[16]。员工的职业认同感是对所从事职业的积极认可、情感依附和满意程度,是影响其工作投入、工作绩效和职业发展的重要心理因素[18],当个体对自己的职业有较高认同感时,往往认为自己的工作具有意义和价值,这会提升其工作成就感和自豪感,从而增强工作满意度[19]。随机森林模型分析结果亦显示,公共卫生服务人员的职业认同感对工作满意度产生较大影响,其%IncMSE值和IncNodePurity值分别为41.94和804.52。因此,为了提升员工的职业认同感,可以通过加大公共卫生服务的宣传力度来提升社会对公共卫生事业的认知和认同感,并通过增强员工自身工作的成就感使其意识到自己在促进社会和群体健康方面所发挥的关键作用,更加深刻地理解自己的职业价值,从而提升职业认同感。
随着国家对公共卫生服务均等化的推进,许多缺乏公共卫生经验的人员进入该领域,这使得对公共卫生服务项目培训的需求日益增加[20]。本次调查结果显示,准备参加公卫技术临床能力交叉训练公共卫生服务人员的工作总体满意度高于未参加的人员。一项针对山东省济南市基层医疗卫生机构医生工作满意度的研究表明,个体在职业中的技能和能力越丰富,对工作的掌控感越高,其工作满意度亦较高[21]。此外,参与临床技能培训,不仅能提升自身的专业能力,还能有力落实医防融合的政策,提升当地公共卫生服务水平。本次调查中,参加过基层公共卫生服务技术指导人员满意度低于未参加人员,这可能是因为不同岗位工作人员对于职业培训的需求不同,过多的职业培训反而会带来沉重的职业负担,进而降低满意度。因此,需要以实际需求为导向,通过增加职业培训机会来提升公共卫生服务人员专业能力和专业素质,增强其职业发展的信心,从而更好地服务于公共卫生事业。
本次调查中,单位建立了“平疫”职能转换机制和中医协作机制并与医疗机构信息对接的工作人员满意度较高,可能是因为本次调查处于常态化疫情防控背景下,工作单位的信息化建设的完善有效减轻了工作人员的工作压力[22],从而降低其职业倦怠,提升了工作满意度。但本次调查发现仍有部分公共卫生机构并未建立“平疫”职能转换机制和中医协作机制并与医疗机构无信息对接,提示山西省公共卫生信息化建设尚有待进一步加强。因此,需加强公共卫生信息化建设,促进不同机构之间的协同合作,提升公共卫生服务人员的工作便利性,减轻其工作压力,从而提高工作效率和服务质量,进一步增强公共卫生体系的整体运作效率和应对突发公共卫生事件的能力。
本次调查结果还显示,近3年人员待遇保障、人才激励机制、人才评价模式和人才晋升机制有所改善公共卫生服务人员的工作总体满意度较高,但仍有部分公共卫生机构近3年在人才队伍建设方面没有改善,这对工作人员满意度产生了较大的负面影响,山西省人才队伍建设需进一步完善。随机森林回归分析结果显示,人员待遇保障、人才激励机制、人才评价模式和人才晋升机制为公共卫生人员工作满意度的主要影响因素,与安徽省[12]和湖北省[23]的调查结果一致。合理的待遇保障能满足员工的基本经济需求,激励机制能使其增强工作动力,公正的评价机制能提升员工自尊和成就感,而明确的晋升机制则能提供职业发展的清晰路径[24]。根据赫兹伯格双因素理论[25],待遇保障属于公共卫生服务人员的基本需求,满足此因素能够使其保持工作效率,而职业发展和职业荣誉等激励因素则是其更高层次的需求,这些因素的满足能够调动公共卫生服务人员的积极性和工作效率,减少公卫人才的流失。因此,综合这些因素,有助于员工感受到公平与认可,增强工作投入,从而提高整体工作满意。建议相关部门积极完善单位人才队伍建设,提升工作人员待遇保障,并不断调整人才激励机制、人才晋升机制和人才评价模式,以进一步提高公共卫生服务人员的工作满意度。

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2026年第42卷第1期
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doi: 10.11847/zgggws1146758
  • 接收时间:2024-12-24
  • 首发时间:2026-10-23
  • 出版时间:2026-01-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-24
  • 修回日期:2025-02-27
  • 录用日期:2025-05-10
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    1山西医科大学公共卫生学院社会医学教研室,太原 030001
    2山西省卫生健康委员会规划发展和信息化处,太原 030000
    3山西医科大学管理学院卫生经济学教研室,太原 030001
    4山西医科大学公共卫生学院卫生统计学教研室,太原 030001

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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