Article(id=1320442645294461096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320442616123081022, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11847/zgggws1146064, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1727452800000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-28, revisedDate=1753113600000, revisedDateStr=2025-07-22, acceptedDate=1754409600000, acceptedDateStr=2025-08-06, onlineDate=1792747659275, onlineDateStr=2026-10-23, pubDate=1767974400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792747659275, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792747659275, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792747659275, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320442616123081022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, year='2026', volume='42', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='128', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1767974400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792747652321, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792748136930, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320444648791851086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320442616123081022, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320444648791851087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320442616123081022, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=30, endPage=38, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320442646976377001, articleId=1320442645294461096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=EN, title=Prevalence and subtype distribution of dyslipidemia and its associated factors among adults in Hainan province, 2023: a cross-sectional study, columnId=1320427696342020970, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Public Health, columnName=Epidemiological Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the prevalence of dyslipidemia and its subtypes among adult residents in Hainan province and its associated factors, providing a scientific basis for developing targeted prevention and control measures for dyslipidemia.

Methods

From January to June 2023, 32 857 permanent residents aged ≥18 years in Hainan province were selected via a random cluster sampling method to participate in a questionnaire survey, physical examination, and laboratory testing. The prevalence of dyslipidemia and its subtypes among adult residents in Hainan province was investigated. Furthermore, a multivariate unconditional logistic regression model was adopted to examine the influencing factors of the prevalence in the local population.

Results

Among the 31 341 adult residents included in the final analysis, 13 377 were diagnosed with dyslipidemia, with a prevalence rate of 42.68% and a standardized prevalence rate of 39.40%. Hypercholesterolemia (high TC) showed a prevalence rate of 26.39% (8 271 cases) and a standardized prevalence rate of 22.34%. Hypertriglyceridemia (high TG) had a prevalence rate of 17.82% (5 586 cases) and a standardized prevalence rate of 18.62%. High low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (high LDL-C) showed a prevalence rate of 17.26% (5 408 cases) and a standardized prevalence rate of 14.35%, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (low HDL-C) had a prevalence rate of 8.05% (2 524 cases) and a standardized prevalence rate of 9.02%. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥ 45 years, rural residence, alcohol consumption, insufficient physical activity, hypertension, diabetes, overweight and obesity (by body mass index, BMI), central obesity, and a high waist-to-height ratio were risk factors for dyslipidemia, while being female, residing in central and western China, smoking cessation, and being underweight were protective factors. For hypercholesterolemia (high TC), the risk factors included being female, age ≥ 45 years, rural residence, alcohol consumption, hypertension, diabetes, overweight and obesity (by BMI), and a high waist-to-height ratio, while protective factors were residing in central and western China, smoking cessation, and being underweight. For hypertriglyceridemia (high TG), rural residence, alcohol consumption, hypertension, diabetes, overweight and obesity (by BMI), central obesity, and a high waist-to-height ratio were identified as risk factors, whereas being female, age ≥ 45 years, being married, smoking cessation, and being underweight were protective factors. High LDL-C was associated with risk factors such as age ≥ 45 years, rural residence, insufficient physical activity, hypertension, diabetes, overweight and obesity (by BMI), and a high waist-to-height ratio, while higher educational background (college or above), residing in central and western China, and being underweight were protective factors. For low HDL-C, risk factors included diabetes, overweight and obesity (by BMI), central obesity, and a high waist-to-height ratio, while being female, age ≥ 45 years, alcohol consumption, smoking cessation, and being underweight were protective factors.

Conclusions

The prevalence of dyslipidemia among adult residents in Hainan Province is high, with hypercholesterolemia (high TC) being the most common subtype. Age, diabetes, BMI, and waist-to-height ratio were identified as common influencing factors for the prevalence of dyslipidemia and its four subtypes in this population.

, authors=Lu ZHONG1, Changfu XIONG2, Juan JIANG1, Dingwei SUN1, Xingren WANG1, Xue ZHOU1, Tingting OU1, Bin HE2, authorsList=Lu ZHONG, Changfu XIONG, Juan JIANG, Dingwei SUN, Xingren WANG, Xue ZHOU, Tingting OU, Bin HE, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Bin HE, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
HE Bin, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Chinese Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320442647844597934, articleId=1320442645294461096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=CN, title=2023年海南省成年居民血脂异常及亚型患病情况影响因素:一项横断面调查, columnId=1320427696509793132, journalTitle=中国公共卫生, columnName=流行病学研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

了解海南省成年居民血脂异常及其亚型患病情况及影响因素,为制定有针对性的血脂异常防控措施提供科学依据。

方法

于2023年1—6月,采用随机整群抽样方法在海南省抽取32 857名≥18岁常住居民进行问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检测,分析海南省成年居民血脂异常及其亚型患病情况,并应用多因素非条件logistic 回归模型分析当地居民血脂异常及亚型的影响因素。

结果

海南省最终纳入分析的31 341名成年居民中,患血脂异常者13 377例,患病率为42.68%,标化患病率为39.40%;患高总胆固醇(TC)血症者8 271例,患病率为26.39%,标化患病率为22.34%;患高甘油三酯(TG)血症者5 586例,患病率为17.82%,标化患病率为18.62%;患高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)血症者5 408例,患病率为17.26%,标化患病率为14.35%;患低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)血症者2 524例,患病率为8.05%,标化患病率为9.02%。多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,海南省成年居民年龄≥45岁、居住在农村、饮酒、身体活动不足、高血压、糖尿病、体质量指数(BMI)为超重和肥胖、中心型肥胖、腰高比为肥胖与血脂异常呈正相关;女性、中部和西部区域、戒烟、体重过轻与血脂异常呈负相关;女性、年龄≥45岁、居住在农村、饮酒、高血压、糖尿病、体质量指数为超重和肥胖、腰高比为肥胖与高TC血症呈正相关,中部和西部区域、戒烟、体重过轻与高TC血症呈负相关;居住在农村、饮酒、高血压、糖尿病、体质量指数为超重和肥胖、中心型肥胖、腰高比为肥胖与高TG血症呈正相关,女性、年龄≥45岁、在婚、戒烟、体重过轻与高TG血症呈负相关;年龄≥45岁、居住在农村、身体活动不足、高血压、糖尿病、体质量指数为超重和肥胖、腰高比为肥胖与高LDL-C血症呈正相关;文化程度大专及以上、中部和西部区域、体重过轻与高LDL-C血症呈负相关;糖尿病、体质量指数为超重和肥胖、中心型肥胖、腰高比为肥胖与海南省成年居民低HDL-C血症呈正相关;女性、年龄≥45岁、饮酒、戒烟、体重过轻与海南省成年居民低HDL-C血症呈负相关。

结论

海南省成年居民血脂异常患病率较高,其中高TC血症是患病率最高的亚型,年龄、有无糖尿病、体质量指数和腰高比为当地成年居民血脂异常及其4种亚型患病的共同影响因素。

, authors=钟璐1, 熊昌富2, 江娟1, 孙定炜1, 王兴任1, 周雪1, 欧婷婷1, 何滨2, *, *, authorsList=钟璐, 熊昌富, 江娟, 孙定炜, 王兴任, 周雪, 欧婷婷, 何滨, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=何滨, authorNote=

钟璐(1997—),初级,硕士,研究方向:流行病与卫生统计学

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何滨,E-mail:
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Circulation, 2018, 138(4): 345-355., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320442648054313135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320442645294461096, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320442648058507440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320442645294461096, companyId=1320442648054313135, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Institute for Prevention and Control of Tropical Diseases and Chronic Non-infectious Diseases, Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Hainan Academy of Preventive Medicine), Haikou 571129, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320442648066896049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320442645294461096, companyId=1320442648054313135, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1海南省疾病预防控制中心(海南省预防医学科学院) 热带病与慢性非传染性疾病预防控制所,海口 571129)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320442648138199218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320442645294461096, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320442648142393523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320442645294461096, companyId=1320442648138199218, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Hainan Academy of Preventive Medicine), Haikou 571129, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320442648150782132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320442645294461096, companyId=1320442648138199218, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2海南省疾病预防控制中心(海南省预防医学科学院),海口 571129)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320442652764516589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320442645294461096, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Comparison of the prevalence of dyslipidemia and its subtypes among adult residents with different characteristics in Hainan province

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征分类调查人数血脂异常高TC血症高TG血症高LDL-C血症低HDL-C血症
患病例数患病率/%患病例数患病率/%患病例数患病率/%患病例数患病率/%患病例数患病率/%
性别男性14 598693347.49368125.22357724.502 48917.051 66311.39
女性16 743644438.49 a459027.41 a2 00912.00 a2 91917.438615.14 a
年龄/岁18~4410 407360434.631 72316.561 93718.611 08010.389999.60
45~5910 909502946.103 27930.06207018.982 05018.798467.76
≥6010 025474447.32 a3 26932.61 a1 57915.75 a2 27822.72 a6796.77 a
民族汉族23 50410 34043.99654127.83410217.45411917.522 1359.08
黎族72662 78438.321 59521.951 35118.591 17316.143374.64
其他民族57125344.31 a13523.64 a13323.29 a11620.32 a529.11 a
文化程度大专以下28 86212 45243.14777526.94515117.85510617.692 2747.88
大专及以上2 47992537.31 a49620.01 a43517.5530212.18 a25010.08 a
婚姻状况非在婚36451 48440.7180722.1476220.9151414.103168.67
在婚27 69611 89342.94 a746426.95 a482417.42 a489417.67 a2 2087.97
区域东部17 956819145.62532429.653 26618.19395022.001 4728.20
中部58862 33939.741 31022.261 13119.2284114.293876.57
西部74992 84737.97 a1 63721.83 a1 18915.86 a6178.23 a6658.87 a
居住地城镇82443 31540.212 03724.711 35816.471 05712.827418.99
农村23 09710 06243.56 a623426.99 a422818.31 a435118.84 a1 7837.72 a
吸烟情况不吸烟20 971832739.71565126.952 81513.42374617.861 2686.05
戒烟1 40060943.5035025.0024717.6424817.711279.07
吸烟8970444149.51 a2 27025.31 a2 52428.14 a1 41415.76 a1 12912.59 a
饮酒情况不饮酒18 098753141.61500427.652 51713.913 34818.501 3667.55
饮酒13 243584644.14 a3 26724.67 a3 06923.17 a206015.56 a1 1588.74 a
身体活动不足否22 368925841.39575725.74397817.783 32614.871 7547.84
是8973411945.90 a2 51428.02 a1 60817.92208223.20 a7708.58 a
高血压否20 759797838.43485623.393 08114.843 12415.051 6367.88
是10 582539951.02 a341532.27 a2 50523.67 a2 28421.58 a8888.39
糖尿病否25 65410 24839.95640224.96398215.52410416.001 9107.45
是56873 12955.02 a1 86932.86 a1 60428.20 a1 30422.93 a61410.80 a
体质量指数体重过轻1 89445023.7630416.051146.02522.751648.66
正常体重15 450582137.68378724.512 02513.112 26614.679085.88
超重和肥胖13 997710650.77 a418029.86 a344724.63 a2 97821.28 a1 56411.17 a
中心型肥胖否22 264853138.32538124.173 22214.47347815.621 4376.45
是9077484653.39 a2 89031.84 a2 36426.04 a1 93021.26 a1 08711.98 a
腰高比正常体重12 593405232.182 55720.301 35110.731 54912.306675.30
肥胖18 748932549.74 a571430.48 a423522.59 a385920.58 a1 8579.91 a
), ArticleFig(id=1320442652886151406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320442645294461096, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

海南省不同特征成年居民血脂异常及其亚型患病情况比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征分类调查人数血脂异常高TC血症高TG血症高LDL-C血症低HDL-C血症
患病例数患病率/%患病例数患病率/%患病例数患病率/%患病例数患病率/%患病例数患病率/%
性别男性14 598693347.49368125.22357724.502 48917.051 66311.39
女性16 743644438.49 a459027.41 a2 00912.00 a2 91917.438615.14 a
年龄/岁18~4410 407360434.631 72316.561 93718.611 08010.389999.60
45~5910 909502946.103 27930.06207018.982 05018.798467.76
≥6010 025474447.32 a3 26932.61 a1 57915.75 a2 27822.72 a6796.77 a
民族汉族23 50410 34043.99654127.83410217.45411917.522 1359.08
黎族72662 78438.321 59521.951 35118.591 17316.143374.64
其他民族57125344.31 a13523.64 a13323.29 a11620.32 a529.11 a
文化程度大专以下28 86212 45243.14777526.94515117.85510617.692 2747.88
大专及以上2 47992537.31 a49620.01 a43517.5530212.18 a25010.08 a
婚姻状况非在婚36451 48440.7180722.1476220.9151414.103168.67
在婚27 69611 89342.94 a746426.95 a482417.42 a489417.67 a2 2087.97
区域东部17 956819145.62532429.653 26618.19395022.001 4728.20
中部58862 33939.741 31022.261 13119.2284114.293876.57
西部74992 84737.97 a1 63721.83 a1 18915.86 a6178.23 a6658.87 a
居住地城镇82443 31540.212 03724.711 35816.471 05712.827418.99
农村23 09710 06243.56 a623426.99 a422818.31 a435118.84 a1 7837.72 a
吸烟情况不吸烟20 971832739.71565126.952 81513.42374617.861 2686.05
戒烟1 40060943.5035025.0024717.6424817.711279.07
吸烟8970444149.51 a2 27025.31 a2 52428.14 a1 41415.76 a1 12912.59 a
饮酒情况不饮酒18 098753141.61500427.652 51713.913 34818.501 3667.55
饮酒13 243584644.14 a3 26724.67 a3 06923.17 a206015.56 a1 1588.74 a
身体活动不足否22 368925841.39575725.74397817.783 32614.871 7547.84
是8973411945.90 a2 51428.02 a1 60817.92208223.20 a7708.58 a
高血压否20 759797838.43485623.393 08114.843 12415.051 6367.88
是10 582539951.02 a341532.27 a2 50523.67 a2 28421.58 a8888.39
糖尿病否25 65410 24839.95640224.96398215.52410416.001 9107.45
是56873 12955.02 a1 86932.86 a1 60428.20 a1 30422.93 a61410.80 a
体质量指数体重过轻1 89445023.7630416.051146.02522.751648.66
正常体重15 450582137.68378724.512 02513.112 26614.679085.88
超重和肥胖13 997710650.77 a418029.86 a344724.63 a2 97821.28 a1 56411.17 a
中心型肥胖否22 264853138.32538124.173 22214.47347815.621 4376.45
是9077484653.39 a2 89031.84 a2 36426.04 a1 93021.26 a1 08711.98 a
腰高比正常体重12 593405232.182 55720.301 35110.731 54912.306675.30
肥胖18 748932549.74 a571430.48 a423522.59 a385920.58 a1 8579.91 a
), ArticleFig(id=1320442652974231791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320442645294461096, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis of influencing factors for dyslipidemia and its subtypes among adult residents in Hainan province

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目因素比较组参照组 $ \beta $ $ S_{\overline{x}} $Wald χ2值P值OR值95%CI
血脂异常性别女性男性−0.160.0420.43<0.0010.850.80~0.91
年龄/岁45~5918~440.310.0398.85<0.0011.361.28~1.45
≥600.260.0453.51<0.0011.301.21~1.38
区域中部东部−0.130.0413.78<0.0010.880.82~0.94
西部−0.290.0395.39<0.0010.750.70~0.79
居住地农村城镇0.230.0359.72<0.0011.261.18~1.33
吸烟情况不吸烟吸烟−0.350.0484.99<0.0010.700.65~0.76
戒烟−0.470.0660.69<0.0010.630.55~0.70
饮酒情况饮酒不饮酒0.060.034.520.0331.061.01~1.13
身体活动不足是否0.110.0315.72<0.0011.121.06~1.18
高血压是否0.240.0381.04<0.0011.271.21~1.34
糖尿病是否0.390.03157.44<0.0011.481.39~1.58
体质量指数体重过轻正常体重−0.550.0687.21<0.0010.580.51~0.65
超重和肥胖0.230.0355.27<0.0011.261.18~1.34
中心型肥胖是否0.160.0324.57<0.0011.171.10~1.25
腰高比肥胖正常体重0.370.03130.10<0.0011.451.36~1.54
高TC血症性别女性男性0.210.0428.08<0.0011.231.14~1.33
年龄/岁45~5918~440.650.04319.78<0.0011.921.78~2.05
≥600.700.04304.22<0.0012.011.86~2.17
区域中部东部−0.240.0434.72<0.0010.790.73~0.85
西部−0.390.03130.43<0.0010.680.64~0.73
居住地农村城镇0.180.0331.82<0.0011.201.13~1.28
吸烟情况不吸烟吸烟−0.120.047.730.0050.890.81~0.96
戒烟−0.270.0715.26<0.0010.760.67~0.87
饮酒情况饮酒不饮酒0.110.0310.60<0.0011.121.04~1.19
高血压是否0.210.0352.13<0.0011.231.16~1.31
糖尿病是否0.160.0323.99<0.0011.171.10~1.26
体质量指数体重过轻正常体重−0.410.0737.11<0.0010.660.58~0.76
超重和肥胖0.100.038.460.0041.111.03~1.18
腰高比肥胖正常体重0.200.0429.71<0.0011.221.13~1.31
高TG血症性别女性男性−0.420.0580.32<0.0010.660.60~0.72
年龄/岁45~5918~44−0.220.0430.57<0.0010.800.74~0.87
≥60−0.550.05138.09<0.0010.580.53~0.63
婚姻状态在婚非在婚−0.180.0514.10<0.0010.840.76~0.92
居住地农村城镇0.180.0422.26<0.0011.201.11~1.30
吸烟情况不吸烟吸烟−0.590.05155.01<0.0010.550.51~0.61
戒烟−0.690.0877.52<0.0010.500.43~0.59
饮酒情况饮酒不饮酒0.240.0437.23<0.0011.271.17~1.37
高血压是否0.390.03131.96<0.0011.481.38~1.58
糖尿病是否0.680.04325.07<0.0011.971.83~2.12
体质量指数体重过轻正常体重−0.720.1048.40<0.0010.490.40~0.60
超重和肥胖0.310.0457.47<0.0011.361.26~1.48
中心型肥胖是否0.220.0432.14<0.0011.251.16~1.35
腰高比肥胖正常体重0.630.05191.60<0.0011.881.72~2.05
高LDL-C血症年龄/岁45~5918~440.590.04183.30<0.0011.801.66~1.97
≥600.690.05207.22<0.0011.991.81~2.18
文化程度大专及以上大专以下−0.190.077.780.0050.830.72~0.94
区域中部东部−0.360.0556.18<0.0010.700.64~0.77
西部−1.040.05493.01<0.0010.350.32~0.39
居住地农村城镇0.430.04113.65<0.0011.541.42~1.67
身体活动不足是否0.410.03143.31<0.0011.511.40~1.60
高血压是否0.170.0325.19<0.0011.191.11~1.27
糖尿病是否0.190.0424.87<0.0011.211.12~1.31
体质量指数体重过轻正常体重−0.530.0936.87<0.0010.590.49~0.69
超重和肥胖0.310.0460.77<0.0011.361.26~1.48
腰高比肥胖正常体重0.220.0426.05<0.0011.251.15~1.36
低HDL-C血症性别女性男性−0.680.06113.85<0.0010.510.45~0.58
年龄/岁45~5918~44−0.430.0562.75<0.0010.650.59~0.72
≥60−0.660.06109.57<0.0010.520.46~0.59
吸烟情况不吸烟吸烟−0.460.0653.41<0.0010.630.56~0.71
戒烟−0.350.1012.090.0010.700.57~0.85
饮酒情况饮酒不饮酒−0.240.0521.19<0.0010.790.71~0.87
糖尿病是否0.410.0559.76<0.0011.511.35~1.66
体质量指数体重过轻正常体重−0.710.1523.45<0.0010.490.36~0.65
超重和肥胖0.360.0638.90<0.0011.431.28~1.60
中心型肥胖是否0.290.0528.66<0.0011.341.20~1.49
腰高比肥胖正常体重0.360.0632.62<0.0011.431.27~1.62
), ArticleFig(id=1320442653058117872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320442645294461096, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

海南省成年居民血脂异常及其亚型患病情况影响因素多因素非条件logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目因素比较组参照组 $ \beta $ $ S_{\overline{x}} $Wald χ2值P值OR值95%CI
血脂异常性别女性男性−0.160.0420.43<0.0010.850.80~0.91
年龄/岁45~5918~440.310.0398.85<0.0011.361.28~1.45
≥600.260.0453.51<0.0011.301.21~1.38
区域中部东部−0.130.0413.78<0.0010.880.82~0.94
西部−0.290.0395.39<0.0010.750.70~0.79
居住地农村城镇0.230.0359.72<0.0011.261.18~1.33
吸烟情况不吸烟吸烟−0.350.0484.99<0.0010.700.65~0.76
戒烟−0.470.0660.69<0.0010.630.55~0.70
饮酒情况饮酒不饮酒0.060.034.520.0331.061.01~1.13
身体活动不足是否0.110.0315.72<0.0011.121.06~1.18
高血压是否0.240.0381.04<0.0011.271.21~1.34
糖尿病是否0.390.03157.44<0.0011.481.39~1.58
体质量指数体重过轻正常体重−0.550.0687.21<0.0010.580.51~0.65
超重和肥胖0.230.0355.27<0.0011.261.18~1.34
中心型肥胖是否0.160.0324.57<0.0011.171.10~1.25
腰高比肥胖正常体重0.370.03130.10<0.0011.451.36~1.54
高TC血症性别女性男性0.210.0428.08<0.0011.231.14~1.33
年龄/岁45~5918~440.650.04319.78<0.0011.921.78~2.05
≥600.700.04304.22<0.0012.011.86~2.17
区域中部东部−0.240.0434.72<0.0010.790.73~0.85
西部−0.390.03130.43<0.0010.680.64~0.73
居住地农村城镇0.180.0331.82<0.0011.201.13~1.28
吸烟情况不吸烟吸烟−0.120.047.730.0050.890.81~0.96
戒烟−0.270.0715.26<0.0010.760.67~0.87
饮酒情况饮酒不饮酒0.110.0310.60<0.0011.121.04~1.19
高血压是否0.210.0352.13<0.0011.231.16~1.31
糖尿病是否0.160.0323.99<0.0011.171.10~1.26
体质量指数体重过轻正常体重−0.410.0737.11<0.0010.660.58~0.76
超重和肥胖0.100.038.460.0041.111.03~1.18
腰高比肥胖正常体重0.200.0429.71<0.0011.221.13~1.31
高TG血症性别女性男性−0.420.0580.32<0.0010.660.60~0.72
年龄/岁45~5918~44−0.220.0430.57<0.0010.800.74~0.87
≥60−0.550.05138.09<0.0010.580.53~0.63
婚姻状态在婚非在婚−0.180.0514.10<0.0010.840.76~0.92
居住地农村城镇0.180.0422.26<0.0011.201.11~1.30
吸烟情况不吸烟吸烟−0.590.05155.01<0.0010.550.51~0.61
戒烟−0.690.0877.52<0.0010.500.43~0.59
饮酒情况饮酒不饮酒0.240.0437.23<0.0011.271.17~1.37
高血压是否0.390.03131.96<0.0011.481.38~1.58
糖尿病是否0.680.04325.07<0.0011.971.83~2.12
体质量指数体重过轻正常体重−0.720.1048.40<0.0010.490.40~0.60
超重和肥胖0.310.0457.47<0.0011.361.26~1.48
中心型肥胖是否0.220.0432.14<0.0011.251.16~1.35
腰高比肥胖正常体重0.630.05191.60<0.0011.881.72~2.05
高LDL-C血症年龄/岁45~5918~440.590.04183.30<0.0011.801.66~1.97
≥600.690.05207.22<0.0011.991.81~2.18
文化程度大专及以上大专以下−0.190.077.780.0050.830.72~0.94
区域中部东部−0.360.0556.18<0.0010.700.64~0.77
西部−1.040.05493.01<0.0010.350.32~0.39
居住地农村城镇0.430.04113.65<0.0011.541.42~1.67
身体活动不足是否0.410.03143.31<0.0011.511.40~1.60
高血压是否0.170.0325.19<0.0011.191.11~1.27
糖尿病是否0.190.0424.87<0.0011.211.12~1.31
体质量指数体重过轻正常体重−0.530.0936.87<0.0010.590.49~0.69
超重和肥胖0.310.0460.77<0.0011.361.26~1.48
腰高比肥胖正常体重0.220.0426.05<0.0011.251.15~1.36
低HDL-C血症性别女性男性−0.680.06113.85<0.0010.510.45~0.58
年龄/岁45~5918~44−0.430.0562.75<0.0010.650.59~0.72
≥60−0.660.06109.57<0.0010.520.46~0.59
吸烟情况不吸烟吸烟−0.460.0653.41<0.0010.630.56~0.71
戒烟−0.350.1012.090.0010.700.57~0.85
饮酒情况饮酒不饮酒−0.240.0521.19<0.0010.790.71~0.87
糖尿病是否0.410.0559.76<0.0011.511.35~1.66
体质量指数体重过轻正常体重−0.710.1523.45<0.0010.490.36~0.65
超重和肥胖0.360.0638.90<0.0011.431.28~1.60
中心型肥胖是否0.290.0528.66<0.0011.341.20~1.49
腰高比肥胖正常体重0.360.0632.62<0.0011.431.27~1.62
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2023年海南省成年居民血脂异常及亚型患病情况影响因素:一项横断面调查
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钟璐 1 , 熊昌富 2 , 江娟 1 , 孙定炜 1 , 王兴任 1 , 周雪 1 , 欧婷婷 1 , 何滨 2, *, *
中国公共卫生 | 流行病学研究 2026,42(1): 30-38
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中国公共卫生 |流行病学研究 2026 , 42 (1) : 30 -38
2023年海南省成年居民血脂异常及亚型患病情况影响因素:一项横断面调查
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钟璐1, 熊昌富2, 江娟1, 孙定炜1, 王兴任1, 周雪1, 欧婷婷1, 何滨2, *, *
作者信息
  • 1海南省疾病预防控制中心(海南省预防医学科学院) 热带病与慢性非传染性疾病预防控制所,海口 571129
  • 2海南省疾病预防控制中心(海南省预防医学科学院),海口 571129
通讯作者:
何滨,E-mail:
作者简介:

钟璐(1997—),初级,硕士,研究方向:流行病与卫生统计学

Prevalence and subtype distribution of dyslipidemia and its associated factors among adults in Hainan province, 2023: a cross-sectional study
Lu ZHONG1, Changfu XIONG2, Juan JIANG1, Dingwei SUN1, Xingren WANG1, Xue ZHOU1, Tingting OU1, Bin HE2
Affiliations
  • 1Institute for Prevention and Control of Tropical Diseases and Chronic Non-infectious Diseases, Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Hainan Academy of Preventive Medicine), Haikou 571129, China
  • 2Hainan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Hainan Academy of Preventive Medicine), Haikou 571129, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    HE Bin, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-01-10 doi: 10.11847/zgggws1146064
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目的

了解海南省成年居民血脂异常及其亚型患病情况及影响因素,为制定有针对性的血脂异常防控措施提供科学依据。

方法

于2023年1—6月,采用随机整群抽样方法在海南省抽取32 857名≥18岁常住居民进行问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检测,分析海南省成年居民血脂异常及其亚型患病情况,并应用多因素非条件logistic 回归模型分析当地居民血脂异常及亚型的影响因素。

结果

海南省最终纳入分析的31 341名成年居民中,患血脂异常者13 377例,患病率为42.68%,标化患病率为39.40%;患高总胆固醇(TC)血症者8 271例,患病率为26.39%,标化患病率为22.34%;患高甘油三酯(TG)血症者5 586例,患病率为17.82%,标化患病率为18.62%;患高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)血症者5 408例,患病率为17.26%,标化患病率为14.35%;患低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)血症者2 524例,患病率为8.05%,标化患病率为9.02%。多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,海南省成年居民年龄≥45岁、居住在农村、饮酒、身体活动不足、高血压、糖尿病、体质量指数(BMI)为超重和肥胖、中心型肥胖、腰高比为肥胖与血脂异常呈正相关;女性、中部和西部区域、戒烟、体重过轻与血脂异常呈负相关;女性、年龄≥45岁、居住在农村、饮酒、高血压、糖尿病、体质量指数为超重和肥胖、腰高比为肥胖与高TC血症呈正相关,中部和西部区域、戒烟、体重过轻与高TC血症呈负相关;居住在农村、饮酒、高血压、糖尿病、体质量指数为超重和肥胖、中心型肥胖、腰高比为肥胖与高TG血症呈正相关,女性、年龄≥45岁、在婚、戒烟、体重过轻与高TG血症呈负相关;年龄≥45岁、居住在农村、身体活动不足、高血压、糖尿病、体质量指数为超重和肥胖、腰高比为肥胖与高LDL-C血症呈正相关;文化程度大专及以上、中部和西部区域、体重过轻与高LDL-C血症呈负相关;糖尿病、体质量指数为超重和肥胖、中心型肥胖、腰高比为肥胖与海南省成年居民低HDL-C血症呈正相关;女性、年龄≥45岁、饮酒、戒烟、体重过轻与海南省成年居民低HDL-C血症呈负相关。

结论

海南省成年居民血脂异常患病率较高,其中高TC血症是患病率最高的亚型,年龄、有无糖尿病、体质量指数和腰高比为当地成年居民血脂异常及其4种亚型患病的共同影响因素。

血脂异常  /  亚型  /  标化患病率  /  影响因素  /  成年居民  /  总胆固醇  /  海南省
Objective

To investigate the prevalence of dyslipidemia and its subtypes among adult residents in Hainan province and its associated factors, providing a scientific basis for developing targeted prevention and control measures for dyslipidemia.

Methods

From January to June 2023, 32 857 permanent residents aged ≥18 years in Hainan province were selected via a random cluster sampling method to participate in a questionnaire survey, physical examination, and laboratory testing. The prevalence of dyslipidemia and its subtypes among adult residents in Hainan province was investigated. Furthermore, a multivariate unconditional logistic regression model was adopted to examine the influencing factors of the prevalence in the local population.

Results

Among the 31 341 adult residents included in the final analysis, 13 377 were diagnosed with dyslipidemia, with a prevalence rate of 42.68% and a standardized prevalence rate of 39.40%. Hypercholesterolemia (high TC) showed a prevalence rate of 26.39% (8 271 cases) and a standardized prevalence rate of 22.34%. Hypertriglyceridemia (high TG) had a prevalence rate of 17.82% (5 586 cases) and a standardized prevalence rate of 18.62%. High low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (high LDL-C) showed a prevalence rate of 17.26% (5 408 cases) and a standardized prevalence rate of 14.35%, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (low HDL-C) had a prevalence rate of 8.05% (2 524 cases) and a standardized prevalence rate of 9.02%. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥ 45 years, rural residence, alcohol consumption, insufficient physical activity, hypertension, diabetes, overweight and obesity (by body mass index, BMI), central obesity, and a high waist-to-height ratio were risk factors for dyslipidemia, while being female, residing in central and western China, smoking cessation, and being underweight were protective factors. For hypercholesterolemia (high TC), the risk factors included being female, age ≥ 45 years, rural residence, alcohol consumption, hypertension, diabetes, overweight and obesity (by BMI), and a high waist-to-height ratio, while protective factors were residing in central and western China, smoking cessation, and being underweight. For hypertriglyceridemia (high TG), rural residence, alcohol consumption, hypertension, diabetes, overweight and obesity (by BMI), central obesity, and a high waist-to-height ratio were identified as risk factors, whereas being female, age ≥ 45 years, being married, smoking cessation, and being underweight were protective factors. High LDL-C was associated with risk factors such as age ≥ 45 years, rural residence, insufficient physical activity, hypertension, diabetes, overweight and obesity (by BMI), and a high waist-to-height ratio, while higher educational background (college or above), residing in central and western China, and being underweight were protective factors. For low HDL-C, risk factors included diabetes, overweight and obesity (by BMI), central obesity, and a high waist-to-height ratio, while being female, age ≥ 45 years, alcohol consumption, smoking cessation, and being underweight were protective factors.

Conclusions

The prevalence of dyslipidemia among adult residents in Hainan Province is high, with hypercholesterolemia (high TC) being the most common subtype. Age, diabetes, BMI, and waist-to-height ratio were identified as common influencing factors for the prevalence of dyslipidemia and its four subtypes in this population.

dyslipidaemia  /  subtypes  /  standardized morbidity rate  /  associated factors  /  adult residents  /  total cholesterol‌  /  Hainan province
钟璐, 熊昌富, 江娟, 孙定炜, 王兴任, 周雪, 欧婷婷, 何滨. 2023年海南省成年居民血脂异常及亚型患病情况影响因素:一项横断面调查. 中国公共卫生, 2026 , 42 (1) : 30 -38 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1146064
Lu ZHONG, Changfu XIONG, Juan JIANG, Dingwei SUN, Xingren WANG, Xue ZHOU, Tingting OU, Bin HE. Prevalence and subtype distribution of dyslipidemia and its associated factors among adults in Hainan province, 2023: a cross-sectional study[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2026 , 42 (1) : 30 -38 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1146064
动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病是全球首要死因,而血脂异常是动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病的重要危险因素[1]。近年来,随着社会经济的快速发展和生活水平的改善,中国居民的血脂异常患病率明显上升[2]。根据《中国成人血脂异常防治指南(2016年修订版)》[3]的数据统计,2012年我国成人血脂异常患病率达40.40%。相关资料显示,2019年,我国35~75岁社区居民血脂异常的患病率为33.8%[4]。为了解海南省成年居民血脂异常及其亚型患病情况及影响因素,为制定有针对性的血脂异常防控措施提供科学依据,本研究于2023年1—6月采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法在海南省抽取32 857名≥18岁居民进行问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检测;对海南省成年居民的血脂异常及其亚型的患病情况进行分析,并采用多因素非条件logistic回归模型探讨当地居民血脂异常及其亚型的影响因素。结果报告如下。
采用整群随机抽样方法,在海南省24个市(县、区)(不含三沙市)分别随机抽取1个村/居委会作为样本村/居委会。将抽中的24个村/居委会中所有≥18岁且在本地居住≥6个月的常住居民作为调查对象进行问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检测。本次共调查32 857人,实际有效调查31 341人,有效应答率为95.39%。本研究经海南省疾病预防控制中心医学伦理委员会审查批准(批号:202360)。所有调查对象均签署知情同意书。
采用自行设计调查问卷,由经过统一培训的调查员进行面访调查。内容包括性别、年龄、民族、文化程度、婚姻状况、区域、居住地、吸烟情况、饮酒情况、是否身体活动不足、高血压患病史和糖尿病患病史等。其中,区域划分为东部(海口市美兰区、海口市秀英区、海口市龙华区、海口市琼山区、文昌市、琼海市、三亚市海棠区、三亚市吉阳区、三亚市天涯区、三亚市崖州区、万宁市、陵水黎族自治县)、中部(五指山市、定安县、屯昌县、白沙黎族自治县、琼中黎族苗族自治县、保亭黎族苗族自治县)和西部(儋州市、临高县、澄迈县、昌江黎族自治县、乐东黎族自治县、东方市)[5]。吸烟状态分为不吸烟、戒烟和吸烟,不吸烟指未曾有过吸烟行为的人,戒烟指过去曾吸烟但调查时已不再吸烟的人,吸烟指一生中连续或累计吸烟≥6个月且在调查前1年内吸过烟的人[6];饮酒指饮用各类含酒精的饮料,包括啤酒、白酒、葡萄酒等[7];身体活动不足指进行中高强度活动时间<150分/周,涉及的活动类型包括日常的搬重物、锻炼等[8];有高血压或糖尿病患病史指调查对象自报曾在乡镇(社区)级或以上级别医疗机构确诊患有高血压或糖尿病者。
由经过统一培训的体检人员进行身高、体重、腰围和血压的测量,并计算体质量指数=体重(kg)/[身高(m)]2和腰高比=腰围(cm)/身高(cm)。其中,血压的测量采用HBP-1300型电子血压计[欧姆龙(大连)有限公司]测量并记录。测量时,被测者左臂平放在桌上,臂带缠绕在裸露的上臂,底部距离肘关节上方1~2 cm,确保臂带中心与心脏处于同一水平;每次测量间隔1~2 min,共测量3次并记录结果,最终血压值取3次测量结果的平均值。根据《中国高血压防治指南2018年修订版》[9],高血压指在未使用降压药物的情况下收缩压≥140 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 3 kPa)和/或舒张压≥90 mmHg,或既往被乡镇(社区)及以上医疗机构确诊者。体质量指数<18.5 kg/m2为体重过轻,18.5~23.9 kg/m2为正常体重,≥24.0 kg/m2为超重和肥胖[10];中心型肥胖指男性腰围≥90 cm、女性腰围≥85 cm[11];腰高比≤0.5为正常体重,>0.5为肥胖[12]。
抽取调查对象空腹≥8 h静脉血2 mL,送当地二级及以上医疗机构实验室或具有资质的第三方检测机构进行空腹血糖、口服葡萄糖耐量试验2 h后血糖、TC、TG、LDL-C和HDL-C检测。根据《中国2型糖尿病防治指南(2020年版)》[13],糖尿病指空腹血糖≥7.0 mmol/L,或口服葡萄糖耐量试验2 h后血糖≥11.1 mmol/L,或既往被乡镇(社区)及以上级别医疗机构确诊者;血脂异常的诊断依据《中国成人血脂异常防治指南(2016年修订版)》[3],TC≥6.2 mmol/L为高TC血症、TG≥2.3 mmol/L为高TG血症、LDL-C≥ 4.1 mmol/L为高LDL-C血症、HDL-C< 1.0 mmol/L为低HDL-C血症。具有上述4项指标中的1项或多项异常即可诊断为血脂异常。
采用R 4.0.5统计软件进行一般描述性分析。采用χ2检验和多因素非条件logistic 回归分析。采用2020年海南省第七次全国普查人口构成[14]计算血脂异常及其亚型的标化患病率。检验水准为双侧检验α=0.05。
海南省最终纳入分析的31 341名成年居民中,男性14 598人(46.58%),女性16 743人(53.42%);年龄18~44岁10 407人(33.21%),45~59岁10 909人(34.81%),≥60岁10 025人(31.99%);汉族23 504人(74.99%),黎族7 266人(23.18%),其他民族571人(1.82%);文化程度为大专以下28 862人(92.09%),大专及以上2 479人(7.91%);婚姻状况非在婚3 645人(11.63%),在婚27 696人(88.37%);东部区域17 956人(57.29%),中部区域5 886人(18.78%),西部区域7 499人(23.93%);居住在城镇8 244人(26.30%),农村23 097人(73.70%);不吸烟者20 971人(66.91%),戒烟者1 400人(4.47%),吸烟者8 970人(28.62%);不饮酒者18 098人(57.75%),饮酒者13 243人(42.25%);非身体活动不足者22 368人(71.37%),身体活动不足者8 973人(28.63%);非高血压者20 759人(66.24%),高血压者10 582例(33.76%);非糖尿病者25 654人(81.85%),糖尿病者5 687例(18.15%);体质量指数为体重过轻者1 894人(6.04%),正常体重者15 450人(49.30%),超重和肥胖者13 997人(44.66%);非中心型肥胖者22 264人(71.04%),中心型肥胖者9 077人(28.96%);腰高比为正常体重者12 593人(40.18%),肥胖者18 748人(59.82%)。
海南省最终纳入分析的31 341名成年居民中,患血脂异常者13 377例,患病率为42.68%,标化患病率为39.40%;患高TC血症者8 271例,患病率为26.39%,标化患病率为22.34%;患高TG血症者5 586例,患病率为17.82%,标化患病率为18.62%;患高LDL-C血症者5 408例,患病率为17.26%,标化患病率为14.35%;患低HDL-C血症者2 524例,患病率为8.05%,标化患病率为9.02%。海南省不同特征成年居民比较,不同性别、年龄、民族、文化程度、婚姻状况、居住地、区域、吸烟情况、饮酒情况、体质量指数、腰高比及是否身体活动不足、高血压、糖尿病、中心型肥胖成年居民血脂异常患病率不同;不同性别、年龄、民族、文化程度、婚姻状况、居住地、区域、吸烟情况、饮酒情况、体质量指数、腰高比及是否身体活动不足、高血压、糖尿病、中心型肥胖成年居民高TC血症患病率不同;不同性别、年龄、民族、婚姻状况、居住地、区域、吸烟情况、饮酒情况、体质量指数、腰高比及是否高血压、糖尿病、中心型肥胖成年居民高TG血症患病率不同,不同年龄、民族、文化程度、婚姻状况、居住地、区域、吸烟情况、饮酒情况、体质量指数、腰高比及是否身体活动不足、高血压、糖尿病、中心型肥胖成年居民高LDL-C血症患病率不同,不同性别、年龄、民族、文化程度、居住地、区域、吸烟情况、饮酒情况、体质量指数、腰高比及是否身体活动不足、糖尿病、中心型肥胖成年居民低HDL-C血症患病率不同,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。
分别以海南省成年居民是否患血脂异常(0=否,1=是)、高TC血症(0=否,1=是)、高TG血症(0=否,1=是)、高LDL-C血症(0=否,1=是)和低HDL-C血症(0=否,1=是)为因变量,以性别、年龄、民族、文化程度、婚姻状况、居住地、区域、吸烟情况、饮酒情况、是否身体活动不足、是否高血压、是否糖尿病、体质量指数、是否中心型肥胖和腰高比共15个因素为自变量进行多因素非条件logistic回归分析。结果显示,海南省成年居民年龄≥45岁、居住在农村、饮酒、身体活动不足、高血压、糖尿病、体质量指数为超重和肥胖、中心型肥胖、腰高比为肥胖与血脂异常呈正相关;女性、中部和西部区域、戒烟、体重过轻与血脂异常呈负相关;女性、年龄≥45岁、居住在农村、饮酒、高血压、糖尿病、体质量指数为超重和肥胖、腰高比为肥胖与高TC血症呈正相关,中部和西部区域、戒烟、体重过轻与高TC血症呈负相关;居住在农村、饮酒、高血压、糖尿病、体质量指数为超重和肥胖、中心型肥胖、腰高比为肥胖与高TG血症的呈正相关;女性、年龄≥45岁、在婚、戒烟、体重过轻与高TG血症呈负相关;年龄≥45岁、居住在农村、身体活动不足、高血压、糖尿病、体质量指数为超重和肥胖、腰高比为肥胖与高LDL-C血症呈正相关,文化程度大专及以上、中部和西部区域、体重过轻与高LDL-C血症呈负相关;糖尿病、体质量指数为超重和肥胖、中心型肥胖、腰高比为肥胖与低HDL-C血症呈正相关;女性、年龄≥45岁、饮酒、戒烟、体重过轻与低HDL-C血症呈负相关。
本研究结果显示,海南省2023年成年居民血脂异常的患病率为42.68%,略低于2018年海南省成年居民血脂异常患病率的43.13%[15]。与全国其他地区相比,低于2011年贵州省成年居民血脂异常患病率的58.1%[16],但均高于2018年广东省≥18岁人群血脂异常患病率的36.5%[17]、2018年陕西省成年居民血脂异常患病率的33.04%[18]、2018年辽宁省35~75岁居民血脂异常患病率的35.97%[19]和2020年福建省35~75岁居民血脂异常患病率的35.4%[20],提示海南省成年居民血脂异常患病率相对较高。本研究中,海南省成年居民高TC血症、高TG血症、高LDL-C血症和低HDL-C血症的患病率分别为26.39%、17.82%、17.26%和8.05%,提示当地成年居民血脂异常的主要类型以高TC血症为主。与既往研究中以低HDL-C血症和高TG血症为主的情况不一致[21–22],提示血脂异常类型存在地域差异。
本研究中,年龄对血脂异常及其各亚型的患病风险均有显著影响,45~59岁和≥60岁居民的血脂异常患病风险分别为18~44岁居民的1.36倍(95%CI=1.28~1.45)和1.30倍(95%CI=1.21~1.38);高TC血症患病风险分别为18~44岁居民的1.92倍(95%CI=1.78~2.05)和2.01倍(95%CI=1.86~2.17);高LDL-C血症患病风险分别为18~44岁居民的1.80倍(95%CI=1.66~1.97)和1.99倍(95%CI=1.81~2.18);高TG血症患病风险分别为18~44岁居民的0.80倍(95%CI=0.74~0.87)和0.58倍(95%CI=0.53~0.63);低HDL-C血症患病风险分别为18~44岁居民的0.65倍(95%CI=0.59~0.72)和0.52倍(95%CI=0.46~0.59)。有研究表明,TC水平和LDL-C水平在青春期和中年阶段随年龄增长逐渐升高,但在老年阶段则有所下降[23–25]。本研究还发现,高TG血症的患病率在不同性别中随年龄变化呈相反趋势,其中男性患病率随年龄增长而下降,女性患病率则随年龄增长而上升,与既往研究[26–27]结果一致。此外,本研究结果表明,低HDL-C血症的患病率随年龄增长呈下降趋势,与以往研究结果相符[27–28],但其具体机制尚需进一步深入研究。
本研究结果显示,糖尿病与血脂异常及其亚型患病均呈正相关。有研究表明,糖尿病常伴随一组典型的血脂异常特征,即糖尿病性血脂异常,其特征为TG、LDL-C水平升高和HDL-C水平降低[29]。超过三分之一的糖尿病患者患有致动脉粥样硬化血脂异常,显著增加动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病和冠状动脉疾病的风险[30]。因此,糖尿病患者的血脂管理应作为心血管疾病防治的关键。
本研究分析了肥胖与血脂异常患病风险的关系。结果显示,体质量指数为超重和肥胖以及腰高比为肥胖与血脂异常及其4种亚型均呈正相关。研究发现,脂肪因子的异常生成以及脂肪组织的慢性轻度炎症共同构成胰岛素抵抗的病理基础,而胰岛素抵抗已被确认为代谢性血脂异常的主要驱动因素[31–32]。因此,监测体重和脂肪分布是血脂异常早期识别的关键。
本研究发现,女性具有较低的血脂异常患病风险,这可能归因于雌激素在血脂代谢中发挥的保护作用[33–34]。亚型分析结果显示,女性与高TG血症和低HDL-C血症患病均呈负相关,但却与高TC血症患病呈正相关。本研究中,女性高TC血症的患病率(27.41%)明显高于男性(25.22%)。有研究表明,与男性相比,女性的TC和HDL-C水平较高,TG水平却较低[35–37]。还有研究表明,女性在50岁左右TC水平迅速升高,导致中年女性的TC平均水平普遍高于男性[38],这一现象可能与绝经后雌激素水平的下降有关。因此,要特别关注>50岁女性血脂水平的动态变化。
范颖等[39]研究表明,高血压为血脂异常患病的影响因素,与本研究结果一致。本研究中患高血压成年居民的血脂异常、高TC血症、高TG血症和高LDL-C血症患病风险分别为未患高血压成年居民的1.27倍(95%CI=1.21~1.34)、1.23倍(95%CI=1.16~1.31)、1.48倍(95%CI=1.38~1.58)和1.19倍(95%CI=1.11~1.27),与胡建功等[40]研究结果一致。本研究中,身体活动不足亦与血脂异常患病呈正相关,身体活动不足的成年居民血脂异常和高LDL-C血症患病风险分别为非身体活动不足的成年居民的1.12倍(95%CI=1.06~1.18)和1.51倍(95%CI=1.40~1.60)。
本研究结果显示,吸烟成年居民的血脂异常患病率为49.51%,明显高于戒烟和不吸烟成年居民的43.50%和39.71%。本研究发现,不吸烟和戒烟居民的血脂异常患病风险分别为吸烟居民的0.70倍(95%CI=0.65~0.76)和0.63倍(95%CI=0.55~0.70)。亚型分析结果显示,不吸烟居民的高TC血症、高TG血症和低HDL-C血症患病风险分别为吸烟居民的0.89倍(95%CI=0.81~0.96)、0.55倍(95%CI=0.51~0.61)和0.63倍(95%CI=0.56~0.71),戒烟居民的高TC血症、高TG血症和低HDL-C血症患病风险分别为吸烟居民的0.76倍(95%CI=0.67~0.87)、0.50倍(95%CI=0.43~0.59)和0.70倍(95%CI=0.57~0.85),与本研究结果一致。既往研究表明,戒烟对血脂代谢存在正向影响[41–42]。吸烟者通常表现出较低的HDL-C水平,同时伴有TG水平的增加[43–44]。且吸烟不仅能影响血脂谱的平衡,还能通过损害血管内皮细胞的功能增加动脉粥样硬化的风险[45]。因此,戒烟或避免吸烟应作为预防血脂异常的关键措施。大量饮酒扰乱肝脏脂质代谢,导致TG水平升高,并通过干扰胆固醇代谢诱发更严重的脂肪肝疾病[46]。本研究结果显示,饮酒居民血脂异常、高TC血症和高TG血症的患病风险分别为不饮酒居民的1.06倍(95%CI=1.01~1.13)、1.12倍(95%CI=1.04~1.19)和1.27倍(95%CI=1.17~1.37)。但本研究发现,饮酒居民低HDL-C血症患病风险为不饮酒居民的0.79倍(95%CI=0.71~0.87)。有研究表明,经常饮酒者的HDL-C水平明显高于不饮酒者[47]。还有研究表明,酒精对健康的影响可能因饮酒量和摄入模式而异,长期大量饮酒与心血管疾病的发生有关[48]。但饮酒对低HDL-C血症患病保护作用的原因尚需进一步验证。
综上所述,海南省成年居民血脂异常患病率较高,亟需加强防控措施。通过健康教育普及健康生活方式,如通过戒烟限酒、合理膳食、控制体重和增加身体活动,以有效改善居民的血脂水平。同时,应结合本地特点,重点关注老年人、糖尿病患者及肥胖者等高危人群。定期监测其血脂水平并采取针对性的干预策略,为提升居民健康水平提供重要保障。

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2026年第42卷第1期
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doi: 10.11847/zgggws1146064
  • 接收时间:2024-09-28
  • 首发时间:2026-10-23
  • 出版时间:2026-01-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-28
  • 修回日期:2025-07-22
  • 录用日期:2025-08-06
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    1海南省疾病预防控制中心(海南省预防医学科学院) 热带病与慢性非传染性疾病预防控制所,海口 571129
    2海南省疾病预防控制中心(海南省预防医学科学院),海口 571129

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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