Article(id=1320438411207495846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320438168613138789, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11847/zgggws1149350, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1763395200000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-18, revisedDate=1770048000000, revisedDateStr=2026-02-03, acceptedDate=1773763200000, acceptedDateStr=2026-03-18, onlineDate=1792746649790, onlineDateStr=2026-10-23, pubDate=1778342400000, pubDateStr=2026-05-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792746649790, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792746649790, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792746649790, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320438168613138789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, year='2026', volume='42', issue='5', pageStart='513', pageEnd='640', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1778342400000', pubDateStr='2026-05-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792746591952, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792748055079, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320444305479684446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320438168613138789, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320444305479684447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320438168613138789, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=524, endPage=529, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320438411408822439, articleId=1320438411207495846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=EN, title=Prevalence status and influencing factors of sleep rhythm problems among community residents aged ≥15 in seven provinces (municipality) of China: a cross-sectional study in 2024, columnId=1320438359122629504, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Public Health, columnName=Special Report—Sleep Health and Wellness, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To understand the prevalence status and influencing factors of sleep rhythm problems among community residents aged ≥15 in 7 provinces (municipality) of China, thus providing a scientific basis for formulating intervention measures for sleep rhythm problems.

Methods

From March to October 2024, a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to survey 50 400 community residents aged ≥15 in seven provinces (municipality), including Hebei, Liaoning, Jiangsu, Henan, Guangdong, Chongqing, and Shaanxi. The prevalence status and influencing factors of delayed sleep phase problem (DSPP) and advanced sleep phase problem (ASPP) were analyzed.

Results

Among the 46 193 community residents included in the analysis, 172 and 8 354 were detected with DSPP and ASPP, respectively, with weighted detection rates of 1.07% and 11.90%. The results of the multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that students or had current smoking, drinking, frequent use of electronic products before bedtime, and frequently eating late-night snacks were associated with a higher risk of DSPP, while those aged ≥40 had a lower risk of DSPP. Age ≥ 40, living in rural areas, drinking, and having chronic diseases were associated with a higher risk of ASPP, while the educational background of junior high school or above, office workers, students, other occupations, engaging in physical activity 3 to 4 times a week, and frequently eating late-night snacks were associated with a lower risk of ASPP.

Conclusions

The detection rate of sleep rhythm problems among community residents aged ≥15 in 7 provinces (municipality) of China is relatively high, with age, educational background, occupation, drinking habits, and whether frequently eating late-night snacks being common influencing factors for the detection of DSPP and ASPP.

, authors=Xin GAO1, 2, Yingchen SANG1, Xinying ZENG1, Youjiao WANG1, Ying LIU1, Chi ZHANG3, Zhiping PENG4, Shiwei LIU1, authorsList=Xin GAO, Yingchen SANG, Xinying ZENG, Youjiao WANG, Ying LIU, Chi ZHANG, Zhiping PENG, Shiwei LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zhiping PENG, Shiwei LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
PENG Zhiping, E-mail:
LIU Shiwei, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Chinese Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320438412025385130, articleId=1320438411207495846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=CN, title=中国7个省(直辖市)≥15岁社区居民睡眠节律问题检出情况及其影响因素:一项2024年横断面调查, columnId=1320438359546254210, journalTitle=中国公共卫生, columnName=专题报道——优质睡眠,健康生活, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

了解中国7个省(直辖市)≥15岁社区居民睡眠节律问题的检出情况及其影响因素,为制定睡眠节律问题相关干预措施提供科学依据。

方法

于2024年3—10月采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法在河北省、辽宁省、江苏省、河南省、广东省、重庆市和陕西省7个省(直辖市)抽取50400名≥15岁社区居民进行问卷调查,分析睡眠相位延迟问题(DSPP)和睡眠相位提前问题(ASPP)的检出情况及其影响因素。

结果

中国7个省(直辖市)最终纳入分析的46193名≥15岁社区居民中,DSPP和ASPP检出人数分别为172人和8354人,DSPP和ASPP加权检出率分别为1.07%和11.90%;多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,学生、现在吸烟、饮酒、睡前经常使用电子产品和睡前经常吃夜宵社区居民的DSPP发生风险较高,≥40岁社区居民的DSPP发生风险较低;≥40岁、居住在农村、饮酒和患慢性病社区居民的ASPP发生风险较高,初中及以上文化程度、上班族、学生、其他职业者、每周身体活动3~4次和睡前经常吃夜宵的≥15岁社区居民ASPP发生风险较低。

结论

中国7个省(直辖市)≥15岁社区居民睡眠节律问题检出率较高,年龄、文化程度、职业、饮酒情况和睡前是否经常吃夜宵为≥15岁社区居民DSPP和ASPP检出的共同影响因素。

, authors=高欣1, 2, 桑莹宸1, 曾新颖1, 王友娇1, 刘影1, 张驰3, 彭志平4, *, *, 刘世炜1, *, *, authorsList=高欣, 桑莹宸, 曾新颖, 王友娇, 刘影, 张驰, 彭志平, 刘世炜, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=彭志平, 刘世炜, authorNote=

高欣(1981—),副研究员,硕士,研究方向:流行病与卫生统计学

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彭志平,E-mail:
刘世炜,E-mail:
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Comparison of prevalence status of DSPP and ASPP among community residents aged ≥ 15 with different characteristics in 7 provinces (municipality) of China

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征分类调查人数DSPPASPP
检出人数加权检出率/%检出人数加权检出率/%
性别男性223231131.29440112.16
女性23870590.85395311.64
年龄/岁15~3987631332.571691.74
40~5917375280.20225110.95
≥6020055110.05 d593428.63 d
文化程度 a小学及以下1552680.06456726.80
初中16672670.98294913.21
高中/中专6874431.526786.17
大专及以上7023511.67 d1501.17 d
职业 ab农林牧渔水利业生产人员1651260.11423123.86
上班族9603511.136684.66
学生1012374.4790.89
其他18721760.91 d341612.83 d
居住地城市249021221.2232516.66
农村21291500.95510316.33 d
现在吸烟情况现在不吸烟35842980.91641411.72
现在吸烟10351741.64 c1 94012.54
饮酒情况不饮酒405561310.95689311.19
饮酒5637412.03 c146117.36 e
每周身体活动次数/次≤2261201291.32475811.73
3~45859190.926256.12
≥514214240.59 c297115.56 e
患慢性病否276111541.4336307.91
是18582180.15 e472422.28 e
睡前经常使用电子产品否30708420.24629814.74
是154851302.25 e20567.91 e
睡前经常吃夜宵否452571300.75827212.11
是9364213.58 e823.67 e
体质量指数/(kg/m2) a<18.52219121.85363010.74
18.5~23.921175791.074018.10
≥24.019620781.04339312.34 e
), ArticleFig(id=1320438419197645040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438411207495846, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

中国7个省(直辖市)不同特征≥15岁社区居民DSPP和ASPP检出情况比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征分类调查人数DSPPASPP
检出人数加权检出率/%检出人数加权检出率/%
性别男性223231131.29440112.16
女性23870590.85395311.64
年龄/岁15~3987631332.571691.74
40~5917375280.20225110.95
≥6020055110.05 d593428.63 d
文化程度 a小学及以下1552680.06456726.80
初中16672670.98294913.21
高中/中专6874431.526786.17
大专及以上7023511.67 d1501.17 d
职业 ab农林牧渔水利业生产人员1651260.11423123.86
上班族9603511.136684.66
学生1012374.4790.89
其他18721760.91 d341612.83 d
居住地城市249021221.2232516.66
农村21291500.95510316.33 d
现在吸烟情况现在不吸烟35842980.91641411.72
现在吸烟10351741.64 c1 94012.54
饮酒情况不饮酒405561310.95689311.19
饮酒5637412.03 c146117.36 e
每周身体活动次数/次≤2261201291.32475811.73
3~45859190.926256.12
≥514214240.59 c297115.56 e
患慢性病否276111541.4336307.91
是18582180.15 e472422.28 e
睡前经常使用电子产品否30708420.24629814.74
是154851302.25 e20567.91 e
睡前经常吃夜宵否452571300.75827212.11
是9364213.58 e823.67 e
体质量指数/(kg/m2) a<18.52219121.85363010.74
18.5~23.921175791.074018.10
≥24.019620781.04339312.34 e
), ArticleFig(id=1320438419281531121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438411207495846, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis of influencing factors of DSPP and ASPP among community residents aged ≥ 15 in seven provinces (municipality) of China

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目因素比较组参照组β $ S_{\overline{x}} $Wald χ2值P值OR值95%CI
DSPP年龄/岁40~5915~39−1.910.4121.72<0.0010.1470.064~0.335
≥60−2.550.5323.43<0.0010.0780.027~0.225
职业 a上班族农林牧渔水利业生产人员0.890.691.640.2052.4250.609~9.667
学生2.380.759.920.00310.7572.377~48.674
其他1.160.663.060.0863.1760.846~11.921
现在吸烟情况现在吸烟现在不吸烟0.800.326.150.0162.2221.167~4.232
饮酒情况饮酒不饮酒1.010.406.450.0142.7391.238~6.059
睡前经常使用电子产品是否1.550.3816.89<0.0014.6902.210~9.951
睡前经常吃夜宵是否2.380.2873.44<0.00110.8476.212~18.942
ASPP年龄/岁40~5915~391.170.1557.61<0.0013.2292.370~4.400
≥602.000.19113.21<0.0017.3635.056~10.721
文化程度初中小学及以下−0.340.0819.89<0.0010.7110.610~0.829
高中/中专/技校−0.880.08110.67<0.0010.4140.350~0.490
大专及以上−1.880.2182.26<0.0010.1530.101~0.231
职业 a上班族农林牧渔水利业生产人员−0.450.1213.40<0.0010.6400.502~0.817
学生−1.330.4110.690.0020.2640.117~0.598
其他−0.300.144.580.0370.7420.561~0.982
居住地农村城市0.460.1313.18<0.0011.5771.227~2.027
饮酒情况饮酒不饮酒0.380.0824.50<0.0011.4551.250~1.693
每周身体活动次数/次3~4≤2−0.340.0915.44<0.0010.7100.596~0.845
≥50.090.071.590.2151.0900.950~1.252
患慢性病是否0.110.054.970.0301.1211.012~1.243
睡前经常吃夜宵是否−0.920.2119.54<0.0010.4000.264~0.606
), ArticleFig(id=1320438419424137458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438411207495846, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

中国7个省(直辖市)≥15岁社区居民DSPP和ASPP检出影响因素多因素非条件logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目因素比较组参照组β $ S_{\overline{x}} $Wald χ2值P值OR值95%CI
DSPP年龄/岁40~5915~39−1.910.4121.72<0.0010.1470.064~0.335
≥60−2.550.5323.43<0.0010.0780.027~0.225
职业 a上班族农林牧渔水利业生产人员0.890.691.640.2052.4250.609~9.667
学生2.380.759.920.00310.7572.377~48.674
其他1.160.663.060.0863.1760.846~11.921
现在吸烟情况现在吸烟现在不吸烟0.800.326.150.0162.2221.167~4.232
饮酒情况饮酒不饮酒1.010.406.450.0142.7391.238~6.059
睡前经常使用电子产品是否1.550.3816.89<0.0014.6902.210~9.951
睡前经常吃夜宵是否2.380.2873.44<0.00110.8476.212~18.942
ASPP年龄/岁40~5915~391.170.1557.61<0.0013.2292.370~4.400
≥602.000.19113.21<0.0017.3635.056~10.721
文化程度初中小学及以下−0.340.0819.89<0.0010.7110.610~0.829
高中/中专/技校−0.880.08110.67<0.0010.4140.350~0.490
大专及以上−1.880.2182.26<0.0010.1530.101~0.231
职业 a上班族农林牧渔水利业生产人员−0.450.1213.40<0.0010.6400.502~0.817
学生−1.330.4110.690.0020.2640.117~0.598
其他−0.300.144.580.0370.7420.561~0.982
居住地农村城市0.460.1313.18<0.0011.5771.227~2.027
饮酒情况饮酒不饮酒0.380.0824.50<0.0011.4551.250~1.693
每周身体活动次数/次3~4≤2−0.340.0915.44<0.0010.7100.596~0.845
≥50.090.071.590.2151.0900.950~1.252
患慢性病是否0.110.054.970.0301.1211.012~1.243
睡前经常吃夜宵是否−0.920.2119.54<0.0010.4000.264~0.606
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中国7个省(直辖市)≥15岁社区居民睡眠节律问题检出情况及其影响因素:一项2024年横断面调查
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高欣 1, 2 , 桑莹宸 1 , 曾新颖 1 , 王友娇 1 , 刘影 1 , 张驰 3 , 彭志平 4, *, * , 刘世炜 1, *, *
中国公共卫生 | 专题报道——优质睡眠,健康生活 2026,42(5): 524-529
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中国公共卫生 |专题报道——优质睡眠,健康生活 2026 , 42 (5) : 524 -529
中国7个省(直辖市)≥15岁社区居民睡眠节律问题检出情况及其影响因素:一项2024年横断面调查
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高欣1, 2, 桑莹宸1, 曾新颖1, 王友娇1, 刘影1, 张驰3, 彭志平4, *, * , 刘世炜1, *, *
作者信息
  • 1中国疾病预防控制中心(中国预防医学科学院)控烟办公室,北京 100050
  • 2中国疾病预防控制中心(中国预防医学科学院)慢病和老龄健康管理处,北京 102206
  • 3北京医院国家老年医学中心,北京 100730
  • 4联勤保障部队第九八四医院智能睡眠中心,北京 100094
通讯作者:
彭志平,E-mail:
刘世炜,E-mail:
作者简介:

高欣(1981—),副研究员,硕士,研究方向:流行病与卫生统计学

Prevalence status and influencing factors of sleep rhythm problems among community residents aged ≥15 in seven provinces (municipality) of China: a cross-sectional study in 2024
Xin GAO1, 2, Yingchen SANG1, Xinying ZENG1, Youjiao WANG1, Ying LIU1, Chi ZHANG3, Zhiping PENG4 , Shiwei LIU1
Affiliations
  • 1Tobacco Control Office, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
  • 2Office of Chronic Disease and Ageing Health Management, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
  • 3Beijing Hospital, National Center for Gerontology, Beijing 100730, China
  • 4Smart Sleep Center, NO 984 Hospital of the PLA, Beijing 100094, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    PENG Zhiping, E-mail:
    LIU Shiwei, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-05-10 doi: 10.11847/zgggws1149350
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目的

了解中国7个省(直辖市)≥15岁社区居民睡眠节律问题的检出情况及其影响因素,为制定睡眠节律问题相关干预措施提供科学依据。

方法

于2024年3—10月采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法在河北省、辽宁省、江苏省、河南省、广东省、重庆市和陕西省7个省(直辖市)抽取50400名≥15岁社区居民进行问卷调查,分析睡眠相位延迟问题(DSPP)和睡眠相位提前问题(ASPP)的检出情况及其影响因素。

结果

中国7个省(直辖市)最终纳入分析的46193名≥15岁社区居民中,DSPP和ASPP检出人数分别为172人和8354人,DSPP和ASPP加权检出率分别为1.07%和11.90%;多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,学生、现在吸烟、饮酒、睡前经常使用电子产品和睡前经常吃夜宵社区居民的DSPP发生风险较高,≥40岁社区居民的DSPP发生风险较低;≥40岁、居住在农村、饮酒和患慢性病社区居民的ASPP发生风险较高,初中及以上文化程度、上班族、学生、其他职业者、每周身体活动3~4次和睡前经常吃夜宵的≥15岁社区居民ASPP发生风险较低。

结论

中国7个省(直辖市)≥15岁社区居民睡眠节律问题检出率较高,年龄、文化程度、职业、饮酒情况和睡前是否经常吃夜宵为≥15岁社区居民DSPP和ASPP检出的共同影响因素。

睡眠节律  /  睡眠相位延迟问题(DSPP)  /  睡眠相位提前问题(ASPP)  /  检出情况  /  影响因素  /  社区居民  /  中国
Objective

To understand the prevalence status and influencing factors of sleep rhythm problems among community residents aged ≥15 in 7 provinces (municipality) of China, thus providing a scientific basis for formulating intervention measures for sleep rhythm problems.

Methods

From March to October 2024, a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to survey 50 400 community residents aged ≥15 in seven provinces (municipality), including Hebei, Liaoning, Jiangsu, Henan, Guangdong, Chongqing, and Shaanxi. The prevalence status and influencing factors of delayed sleep phase problem (DSPP) and advanced sleep phase problem (ASPP) were analyzed.

Results

Among the 46 193 community residents included in the analysis, 172 and 8 354 were detected with DSPP and ASPP, respectively, with weighted detection rates of 1.07% and 11.90%. The results of the multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that students or had current smoking, drinking, frequent use of electronic products before bedtime, and frequently eating late-night snacks were associated with a higher risk of DSPP, while those aged ≥40 had a lower risk of DSPP. Age ≥ 40, living in rural areas, drinking, and having chronic diseases were associated with a higher risk of ASPP, while the educational background of junior high school or above, office workers, students, other occupations, engaging in physical activity 3 to 4 times a week, and frequently eating late-night snacks were associated with a lower risk of ASPP.

Conclusions

The detection rate of sleep rhythm problems among community residents aged ≥15 in 7 provinces (municipality) of China is relatively high, with age, educational background, occupation, drinking habits, and whether frequently eating late-night snacks being common influencing factors for the detection of DSPP and ASPP.

sleep rhythm  /  delayed sleep phase problem (DSPP)  /  advanced sleep phase problem (ASPP)  /  prevalence status  /  influencing factors  /  community residents  /  China
高欣, 桑莹宸, 曾新颖, 王友娇, 刘影, 张驰, 彭志平, 刘世炜. 中国7个省(直辖市)≥15岁社区居民睡眠节律问题检出情况及其影响因素:一项2024年横断面调查. 中国公共卫生, 2026 , 42 (5) : 524 -529 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1149350
Xin GAO, Yingchen SANG, Xinying ZENG, Youjiao WANG, Ying LIU, Chi ZHANG, Zhiping PENG, Shiwei LIU. Prevalence status and influencing factors of sleep rhythm problems among community residents aged ≥15 in seven provinces (municipality) of China: a cross-sectional study in 2024[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2026 , 42 (5) : 524 -529 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1149350
睡眠节律障碍(circadian rhythm sleep disorders, CRSDs)是一类主要表现为睡眠与觉醒时间不协调的疾病,常见的类型包括睡眠相位延迟障碍(delayed sleep phase disorder, DSPD)和睡眠相位提前障碍(advanced sleep phase disorder, ASPD)[1]。睡眠节律障碍作为一种广泛存在的健康问题,已被证实与生理健康、心理状态和社会交往等多方面存在密切关联[2–3],影响着人们的生活质量和健康水平。随着现代社会的快速发展,生活方式和工作模式等均发生改变,人类数百万年来进化适应的24小时昼夜节律被打乱,睡眠节律问题对广大人群健康造成的潜在威胁日益增加[4–5]。为了解中国7个省(直辖市)≥15岁社区居民睡眠节律问题的检出情况及其影响因素,为制定睡眠节律问题相关干预措施提供科学依据,本研究于2024年3—10月采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法在河北省、辽宁省、江苏省、河南省、广东省、重庆市和陕西省7个省(直辖市)抽取50400名≥15岁社区居民进行问卷调查,分析睡眠相位延迟问题(delayed sleep phase problem, DSPP)和睡眠相位提前问题(advanced sleep phase problem, ASPP)的检出情况及其影响因素。结果报告如下。
于2024年3—10月采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,首先,在全国华北、东北、华东、华中、华南、西南和西北七大地理区域各抽取1个省级行政区作为样本地区,分别为河北省、辽宁省、江苏省、河南省、广东省、重庆市和陕西省;接着,采用按人口规模成比例抽样方法(probability proportional to size sampling, PPS)在每个地区分别抽取10个县/区作为样本县/区;然后,采用PPS在每个样本县/区分别抽取3个街道/乡镇作为样本街道/乡镇;随后,采用PPS在每个样本街道/乡镇分别抽取2个居委会/行政村作为样本居委会/行政村;随后,采用简单随机抽样方法在每个样本行政村/居委会分别抽取120户作为样本户;最后,采用简单随机抽样方法在每个样本户中分别抽取1名≥15 岁社区居民作为调查对象进行问卷调查。本次调查共发放问卷50400份,回收有效问卷46452份,问卷有效回收率为92.2%,本研究仅纳入睡眠状况信息完整的46193人的相关数据进行分析。本研究经中国疾病预防控制中心伦理审查委员会审查批准(批号:202410),且所有调查对象均签署了知情同意书。
采用中国疾病预防控制中心统一编制的调查问卷,由经过统一培训的调查员进行面访调查,内容包括性别、年龄、文化程度、职业、居住地、现在吸烟情况、饮酒情况、每周身体活动次数、慢性病患病情况、睡前是否经常使用电子产品、睡前是否经常吃夜宵、睡眠节律问题、身高和体重等,并根据身高和体重计算体质量指数=体重(kg)/[身高(m)]2。其中,现在吸烟情况通过询问“您现在吸烟吗?”进行判定,将回答“每天吸”或“不是每天吸”判定为现在吸烟,回答“不吸烟”判定为非现在吸烟[6];饮酒情况通过询问“您的饮酒情况?”进行判定,将过去1年内饮酒≥1次/周判定为饮酒[7];身体活动情况通过询问“通常一周内,您进行多少次体育锻炼?”进行判定,按照回答的次数分为≤2次、3~4次和≥5次3个等级;慢性病患病情况通过询问“您是否患有以下经医生诊断的疾病?”进行判定,回答心脑血管疾病、恶性肿瘤、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、支气管哮喘、高血压、糖尿病、抑郁和其他慢性病其中任意一项判定为患有慢性病;睡前经常使用电子产品和睡前经常吃夜宵为在询问调查对象睡前使用电子产品和睡前吃夜宵情况时从“经常”“偶尔”和“从不”3个选项中选择“经常”者。因调查对象仅接受了问卷调查而非专业临床诊断,故本研究分析睡眠节律问题而非CRSDs,根据国际睡眠障碍分类第三版(International Classification of Sleep Disorders, ICSD-3)[8]对CRSDs的定义,将入睡时间显著延迟(凌晨2点~6点)且觉醒时间显著延后(上午10点~下午1点)界定为DSPP,将入睡时间显著提前(晚上6点~9点)且觉醒时间显著提前(凌晨2点~5点)界定为ASPP。
(1)调查前质量控制:中国疾病预防控制中心对省级工作人员进行培训,省级工作人员对本省调查员进行统一培训和考核。(2)调查阶段质量控制:包括针对调查员、现场协调员和省级督导员在调查前、调查过程中、调查结束后、未能完成调查时的要求和措施,中国疾病预防控制中心的技术支持、指导,以及调查问卷复核和问卷质量复核。(3)数据处理分析阶段质量控制:中国疾病预防控制中心对收集的资料进行核查,2组独立的统计分析人员对数据进行处理分析和比对。
应用SAS 9.4软件进行数据整理和统计分析。本研究基于复杂抽样加权方法估计DSPP和ASPP的检出率,权重由抽样权重、无应答调整权重和事后分层校正权重3个部分组成。采用Rao-Scott χ2检验比较不同特征人群中DSPP和ASPP加权检出率的差异,并应用多因素非条件logistic回归模型分析DSPP和ASPP检出的主要影响因素。检验水准为双侧检验α=0.05。
中国7个省(直辖市)最终纳入分析的46 193名≥15岁社区居民中,男性22 323人(48.33%),女性23 870人(51.67%);年龄15~39岁8 763人(18.97%),40~59岁17 375人(37.61%),≥60岁20 055人(43.42%);文化程度小学及以下15 526人(33.61%),初中16 672人(36.09%),高中/中专6 874人(14.88%),大专及以上7 023人(15.20%),不详98人(0.21%);职业为农林牧渔人员16 512人(35.75%),上班族9 603人(20.79%),学生1 012人(2.19%),其他(包括军人、未就业、离退休人员和其他职业)18 721人(40.53%),不详345人(0.75%);居住在城市24 902人(53.91%),农村21 291人(46.09%);非现在吸烟者35 842人(77.59%),现在吸烟者10 351人(22.41%);非饮酒者40 556人(87.80%),饮酒者5 637人(12.20%);每周身体活动≤2次者26 120人(56.55%),3~4次者5 859人(12.68%),≥5次者14 214人(30.77%);未患慢性病者27 611人(59.77%),患慢性病者18 582例(40.23%);睡前不经常使用电子产品者30 708人(66.48%),经常使用电子产品者15 485人(33.52%);睡前不经常吃夜宵者45 257人(97.97%),睡前经常吃夜宵者936人(2.03%);体质量指数<18.5 kg/m2者2 219人(4.80%),18.5~23.9 kg/m2者21 175人(45.84%),≥24.0 kg/m2者19 620人(42.47%),不详3 179人(6.88%)。
中国7个省(直辖市)最终纳入分析的46193名≥15岁社区居民中,DSPP和ASPP检出人数分别为172人和8354人,DSPP和ASPP加权检出率分别为1.07%和11.90%;中国7个省(直辖市)不同特征≥15岁社区居民比较,不同年龄、文化程度、职业、现在吸烟情况、饮酒情况、每周身体活动次数、慢性病患病情况以及睡前是否经常使用电子产品、睡前是否经常吃夜宵≥15岁社区居民DSPP加权检出率不同,不同年龄、文化程度、职业、居住地、饮酒情况、每周身体活动次数、慢性病患病情况、体质量指数以及睡前是否经常使用电子产品、睡前是否经常吃夜宵≥15岁社区居民ASPP加权检出率不同,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。
分别以中国7个省(直辖市)≥15岁社区居民是否检出DSPP和ASPP为因变量,以性别、年龄、文化程度、职业、居住地、现在吸烟情况、饮酒情况、每周身体活动次数、慢性病患病情况、睡前是否经常使用电子产品、睡前是否经常吃夜宵和体质量指数12个因素为自变量进行多因素非条件logistic回归分析。结果显示,学生、现在吸烟、饮酒、睡前经常使用电子产品和睡前经常吃夜宵社区居民的DSPP发生风险较高,≥40岁社区居民的DSPP发生风险较低;≥40岁、居住在农村、饮酒和患慢性病社区居民的ASPP发生风险较高,初中及以上文化程度、上班族、学生、其他职业者、每周身体活动3~4次和睡前经常吃夜宵社区居民的ASPP发生风险较低。
本研究探讨了中国华北、东北、华东、华中、华南、西南和西北七大区域的7个省(直辖市)≥15岁社区居民睡眠节律问题的检出情况及其影响因素。结果显示,15~39岁年轻人群和学生群体更易受DSPP的影响,DSPP加权检出率分别为2.57%和4.47%,与既往研究中发现DSPD在青少年群体中高发[8]的结果一致。可能是青春期昼夜节律的自然改变,加之学生的学业压力与焦虑、晚上电子设备的使用和晚上的社交活动等共同促成了DSPP的高发。一项针对湖北省医学生睡眠和生活方式相关性的研究发现,生活方式在昼夜节律对睡眠质量的影响中具有中介作用[9]。因此,学校和家长应重视学生的睡眠问题,如培养健康生活方式、关心与支持、自主权的授予、规则的设定和营造良好的睡眠环境等[10]。本研究结果显示,文化程度大专及以上者的DSPP加权检出率较高(1.67%),这可能与文化程度较高者往往从事更为复杂和更高强度的工作有关,国内外研究均显示医护人员和轮班工作者等特定职业人群CRSDs发生率更高,出现更多的疲惫、躯体化及情绪问题[11–12]。因此,应关注较高文化水平以及特殊职业人群的工作压力,建立合理的工作时间安排,优化工作管理模式,以提高其整体健康水平和工作效率。
本研究还显示,DSPP的检出与不良生活方式密切相关,包括现在吸烟、饮酒、身体活动少、睡前经常使用电子设备和睡前经常吃夜宵等,尤其是睡前经常吃夜宵(OR=10.847,95%CI=6.212~18.942)和睡前经常使用电子产品(OR=4.690, 95%CI=2.210~9.951)者的DSPP检出风险显著增高。长时间使用电子设备被认为是导致睡眠节律异常的重要因素,特别是现代社会中,许多年轻人习惯于在睡前使用手机和平板电脑等电子设备,干扰了正常的睡眠周期,研究表明电子设备的使用与睡眠时间的减少和睡眠质量的下降均存在显著相关性[13–14]。在城市化进程加快的背景下,夜宵已成为许多地区普遍存在的现象,一项针对年轻成年人进行的研究表明,晚餐与睡眠之间的时间间隔越短,夜间觉醒的频率越高,且入睡潜伏期也相应延长[15];另一项来自美国国家健康与营养检查调查的数据分析显示,较晚的进餐时间和较多的进餐频次与匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表得分较高显著相关[16]。此外,吸烟、饮酒和缺乏锻炼等各种不良生活方式也与昼夜节律等多种睡眠问题相关[17–19]。因此,建议向公众广泛传播睡眠的重要性以及生活方式影响睡眠的知识,在睡前限制电子设备的使用、减少或不吃夜宵、规律身体活动但避免睡前运动、戒烟戒酒,从而保障良好的睡眠。
本研究中,≥60岁老年人的ASPP加权检出率较高(28.63%),与近年来研究显示老年人睡眠障碍发生率较高[20–21]的结果一致。山东省分别于2004年和2015年开展2次大规模睡眠质量调查并对老年人群的睡眠状况进行了评估,结果显示,随着年龄的增长,睡眠障碍的发生率明显提高,且女性、农村和独居老年人更易出现睡眠问题[22]。生理学研究表明,衰老过程对人体内源性昼夜节律系统产生显著影响,可导致生物钟周期缩短、振幅降低以及对光照的响应能力减弱,从而加剧了早睡早醒等睡眠问题,而DSPD症状得到缓解[23]。本研究还发现,农村居民的ASPP加权检出率(16.33%)明显高于城市居民(6.66%),这可能与农村环境晚间光污染、噪声污染明显低于城市以及农村居民晚间活动减少相关。近年来,专门针对ASPD的研究国内外鲜有报道,因此需进一步开展更多研究以明确其对健康的危害及其相关危险因素。
综上所述,中国7个省(直辖市)≥15岁社区居民睡眠节律问题检出率较高,年龄、文化程度、职业、饮酒情况和睡前是否经常吃夜宵为≥15岁社区居民DSPP和ASPP检出的共同影响因素。本研究采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法对中国七大地理区域社区居民2024年睡眠节律问题进行调查,为该问题研究相对不足提供了最新数据;样本量大且人群分布均衡,代表性强,描述了不同人群睡眠节律问题的流行情况,并纳入人口学特征、生活方式和健康状况等多维度影响因素进行关联性分析,为制定具有针对性的干预措施提供了参考依据。但研究仍存在一定的局限性:首先,横断面调查仅能揭示关联性,无法明确因果关系;其次,本研究通过问卷调查仅能间接反映睡眠节律问题而非临床诊断,且未使用监测/检查设备,调查数据相对主观;再次,调查未包括<15岁人群,因此不能揭示初高中生群体的睡眠节律问题;此外,受样本分布影响,本研究中职业分类划分较粗,不能体现出医务人员、教师、企业员工、商业从业者等具体职业人群的睡眠情况;最后,关于身体活动仅调查了每周身体活动次数,未能反映身体活动具体强度与时长。因此,在今后的研究中应进一步扩大人群范围,可针对不同人群开展专项调查,并可充分利用可穿戴设备获取更为客观、细化的睡眠和运动等数据。

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2026年第42卷第5期
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doi: 10.11847/zgggws1149350
  • 接收时间:2025-11-18
  • 首发时间:2026-10-23
  • 出版时间:2026-05-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-11-18
  • 修回日期:2026-02-03
  • 录用日期:2026-03-18
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    1中国疾病预防控制中心(中国预防医学科学院)控烟办公室,北京 100050
    2中国疾病预防控制中心(中国预防医学科学院)慢病和老龄健康管理处,北京 102206
    3北京医院国家老年医学中心,北京 100730
    4联勤保障部队第九八四医院智能睡眠中心,北京 100094

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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