Article(id=1320438312356135652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320438244077056901, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11847/zgggws1149009, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1759075200000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-29, revisedDate=1763308800000, revisedDateStr=2025-11-17, acceptedDate=1768752000000, acceptedDateStr=2026-01-19, onlineDate=1792746626223, onlineDateStr=2026-10-23, pubDate=1781020800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792746626223, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792746626223, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792746626223, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320438244077056901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, year='2026', volume='42', issue='6', pageStart='641', pageEnd='768', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1781020800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792746609943, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792748036545, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320444227734065468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320438244077056901, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320444227734065469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320438244077056901, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=641, endPage=644, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320438312582628069, articleId=1320438312356135652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=EN, title=Principles for transforming health evidence to recommendations and decisions, columnId=1320438171951804779, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Public Health, columnName=Criterion, Guideline, Consensus, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Systematically, transparently, and reliably translating the vast body of high-quality medical scientific evidence into recommendations that can guide clinical practice and health policy is a core challenge faced by the global medical community and a central component of evidence-based medicine. This article introduces the fundamental principles for translating health evidence into recommendations and decisions. Centering on the principles for moving from science evidence into recommendations and decisions (Core GRADE 7) released by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) working group in June 2025, this article systematically elaborates on the key principles, decision-making frameworks, and critical considerations throughout the entire process from health evidence evaluation to the formulation of recommendations. By interpreting the core contents of Core GRADE 7, this article clarifies how Core GRADE 7 employs a structured Evidence-to-Decision (EtD) framework to systematically weigh the benefits and harms of interventions, assess the certainty of evidence, and integrate multidimensional factors-including patient values and preferences, health resource availability, acceptability, and equity-to ultimately form recommendations with clear directions and strengths. By doing so, this paper aims to provide a reference for developers of health practice guidelines, public health practitioners, health policymakers, researchers, and other stakeholders in China.

, authors=Jue LIU, authorsList=Jue LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jue LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
LIU Jue, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Chinese Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320438314633642728, articleId=1320438312356135652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=CN, title=从卫生科学证据到推荐与决策的原则, columnId=1320438172773888365, journalTitle=中国公共卫生, columnName=标准·指南·共识, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

科学筛选海量高质量的卫生科学证据、透明且可靠地转化为指导卫生实践推荐意见并辅助卫生决策,是公共卫生领域面临的核心挑战之一,也是循证卫生的核心环节。本文介绍从卫生科学证据到推荐与决策的基本原则,围绕证据推荐分级的评估、制订与评价(Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development and Evaluation, GRADE)工作组于2025年6月所发布的从卫生科学证据到推荐和决策的原则(简称Core GRADE 7),系统阐述从卫生证据评估到形成推荐意见全过程中的关键原则、决策框架及基本流程。本文对国际卫生科学证据到推荐与决策的原则(Core GRADE 7)的核心内容进行解读,阐明Core GRADE 7如何通过结构化的“证据到决策”(EtD)框架,系统权衡干预措施的利弊,评估证据的确定性,并整合患者价值与偏好、卫生资源、可接受性、公平性等多维因素,最终形成有明确方向与强度的推荐意见,为我国卫生实践指南的制定者、公共卫生从业者、卫生决策者及研究者提供参考。

, authors=刘珏*, *, authorsList=刘珏, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘珏, authorNote=

刘珏(1986—),研究员,博士,研究方向;流行病与卫生决策科学

, correspAuthorsNote=
刘珏,E-mail:
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刘珏(1986—),研究员,博士,研究方向;流行病与卫生决策科学

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刘珏(1986—),研究员,博士,研究方向;流行病与卫生决策科学

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GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations[J]. BMJ, 2008, 336(7650): 924-926., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320438316638520071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438312356135652, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Andrews J, Guyatt G, Oxman A D, et al. GRADE guidelines: 14. Going from evidence to recommendations: the significance and presentation of recommendations[J]. 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Core GRADE 7: principles for moving from evidence to recommendations and decisions[J]. BMJ, 2025, 389: e083867., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320438319238988560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438312356135652, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=8, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陶立元, 甘戈, 刘珏. 卫生经济学评价报告标准2022解读[J]. 中华流行病学杂志, 2023, 44(4): 667-672., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320438319322874641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438312356135652, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=9, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Agarwal A, Mustafa R, Manja V, et al. Cardiovascular, kidney related, and weight loss effects of therapeutics for type 2 diabetes: a living clinical practice guideline[J]. BMJ, 2025, 390: e082071., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320438319469675282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438312356135652, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wu M Y, Carr E J, Harvey R, et al. WHO′s Therapeutics and COVID-19 Living Guideline on mAbs needs to be reassessed[J]. Lancet, 2022, 400(10369): 2193-2196., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320438319536784147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438312356135652, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=11, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陶立元, 刘珏. 基于多源数据的个体预后或诊断多因素预测模型报告规范(TRIPOD-Cluster)解读[J]. 中华医学杂志, 2023, 103(36): 2893-2897., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320438314839163627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438312356135652, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320438314847552236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438312356135652, companyId=1320438314839163627, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320438314855940845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438312356135652, companyId=1320438314839163627, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=北京大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系,北京 100191)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320438315912905472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438312356135652, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Main process from health evidence to recommendations and decisions, figureFileSmall=AReScSUVsj8hKyoXXChEug==, figureFileBig=UCinPsDQpaHqYvPC3URSKQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320438315988402945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438312356135652, language=CN, label=图1, caption=从卫生科学证据到推荐与决策的主要流程, figureFileSmall=AReScSUVsj8hKyoXXChEug==, figureFileBig=UCinPsDQpaHqYvPC3URSKQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320438316231672578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438312356135652, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Primary and secondary considerations of the GRADE Evidence-to-Decision (EtD) framework and their impacts on recommendations [8]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素类别核心要素核心判断/考量对推荐方向与强度的影响
主要因素
(应始终考虑)
获益、伤害与
负担的平衡
获益有多大?
伤害与负担有多大?
净获益越大,越倾向于强推荐支持;反之亦然。
证据的确定性每项结局的证据确定性水平如何?证据确定性是推荐强度的关键决定因素。高/中确定性证据是强推荐的前提,低/极低确定性证据通常导致条件性推荐。
价值观与偏好患者的价值观与偏好是什么?
患者如何评判各项获益、伤害结局以及相关负担的重要性?
患者在价值观与偏好上存在多大程度的差异?
指南专家组对其关于患者价值观与偏好以及这些价值观与
偏好差异性的判断,有多大的确定性?
患者越重视某获益,越倾向于强推荐支持。患者价值观与偏好差异越小,专家组对价值观与偏好的判断越
确定,越倾向于强推荐支持。
次要因素
(群体视角下尤为
重要)
资源与
成本效益
所需的资源是什么?
与对照组相比,实施该干预措施是否会导致显著的成本增加或节省?
这些成本和节省与(干预措施的)获益和伤害之间有何关联?
资源消耗越少、成本效益越高,越
可能获得支持性推荐,尤其是在群体视角下。
可行性
实施该干预措施是否可行?
与对照组相比,该干预措施的相对可行性如何?
可行性越高,越可能获得支持性推荐。
可接受性该干预措施对于患者、公卫从业者,以及其他关键利益相关者而言,
是否可以接受?
与对照组相比,该干预措施的相对可接受性如何?
可接受性越高,越可能获得支持性
推荐。
公平性与对照组相比,实施该干预措施会对健康公平性产生什么影响?越能促进健康公平,越可能获得
支持性推荐。
), ArticleFig(id=1320438316307170051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438312356135652, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

GRADE证据到决策(EtD)框架的主要与次要考量因素及其对推荐意见的影响[8]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素类别核心要素核心判断/考量对推荐方向与强度的影响
主要因素
(应始终考虑)
获益、伤害与
负担的平衡
获益有多大?
伤害与负担有多大?
净获益越大,越倾向于强推荐支持;反之亦然。
证据的确定性每项结局的证据确定性水平如何?证据确定性是推荐强度的关键决定因素。高/中确定性证据是强推荐的前提,低/极低确定性证据通常导致条件性推荐。
价值观与偏好患者的价值观与偏好是什么?
患者如何评判各项获益、伤害结局以及相关负担的重要性?
患者在价值观与偏好上存在多大程度的差异?
指南专家组对其关于患者价值观与偏好以及这些价值观与
偏好差异性的判断,有多大的确定性?
患者越重视某获益,越倾向于强推荐支持。患者价值观与偏好差异越小,专家组对价值观与偏好的判断越
确定,越倾向于强推荐支持。
次要因素
(群体视角下尤为
重要)
资源与
成本效益
所需的资源是什么?
与对照组相比,实施该干预措施是否会导致显著的成本增加或节省?
这些成本和节省与(干预措施的)获益和伤害之间有何关联?
资源消耗越少、成本效益越高,越
可能获得支持性推荐,尤其是在群体视角下。
可行性
实施该干预措施是否可行?
与对照组相比,该干预措施的相对可行性如何?
可行性越高,越可能获得支持性推荐。
可接受性该干预措施对于患者、公卫从业者,以及其他关键利益相关者而言,
是否可以接受?
与对照组相比,该干预措施的相对可接受性如何?
可接受性越高,越可能获得支持性
推荐。
公平性与对照组相比,实施该干预措施会对健康公平性产生什么影响?越能促进健康公平,越可能获得
支持性推荐。
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刘珏 *, *
中国公共卫生 | 标准·指南·共识 2026,42(6): 641-644
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中国公共卫生 |标准·指南·共识 2026 , 42 (6) : 641 -644
从卫生科学证据到推荐与决策的原则
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刘珏(1986—),研究员,博士,研究方向;流行病与卫生决策科学

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刘珏(1986—),研究员,博士,研究方向;流行病与卫生决策科学

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刘珏*, *
作者信息
  • 北京大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系,北京 100191
通讯作者:
刘珏,E-mail:
作者简介:

刘珏(1986—),研究员,博士,研究方向;流行病与卫生决策科学

Principles for transforming health evidence to recommendations and decisions
Jue LIU
Affiliations
  • Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    LIU Jue, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-06-10 doi: 10.11847/zgggws1149009
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科学筛选海量高质量的卫生科学证据、透明且可靠地转化为指导卫生实践推荐意见并辅助卫生决策,是公共卫生领域面临的核心挑战之一,也是循证卫生的核心环节。本文介绍从卫生科学证据到推荐与决策的基本原则,围绕证据推荐分级的评估、制订与评价(Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development and Evaluation, GRADE)工作组于2025年6月所发布的从卫生科学证据到推荐和决策的原则(简称Core GRADE 7),系统阐述从卫生证据评估到形成推荐意见全过程中的关键原则、决策框架及基本流程。本文对国际卫生科学证据到推荐与决策的原则(Core GRADE 7)的核心内容进行解读,阐明Core GRADE 7如何通过结构化的“证据到决策”(EtD)框架,系统权衡干预措施的利弊,评估证据的确定性,并整合患者价值与偏好、卫生资源、可接受性、公平性等多维因素,最终形成有明确方向与强度的推荐意见,为我国卫生实践指南的制定者、公共卫生从业者、卫生决策者及研究者提供参考。

证据到决策  /  GRADE方法  /  实践指南  /  推荐意见  /  证据质量

Systematically, transparently, and reliably translating the vast body of high-quality medical scientific evidence into recommendations that can guide clinical practice and health policy is a core challenge faced by the global medical community and a central component of evidence-based medicine. This article introduces the fundamental principles for translating health evidence into recommendations and decisions. Centering on the principles for moving from science evidence into recommendations and decisions (Core GRADE 7) released by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) working group in June 2025, this article systematically elaborates on the key principles, decision-making frameworks, and critical considerations throughout the entire process from health evidence evaluation to the formulation of recommendations. By interpreting the core contents of Core GRADE 7, this article clarifies how Core GRADE 7 employs a structured Evidence-to-Decision (EtD) framework to systematically weigh the benefits and harms of interventions, assess the certainty of evidence, and integrate multidimensional factors-including patient values and preferences, health resource availability, acceptability, and equity-to ultimately form recommendations with clear directions and strengths. By doing so, this paper aims to provide a reference for developers of health practice guidelines, public health practitioners, health policymakers, researchers, and other stakeholders in China.

evidence to decision  /  GRADE approach  /  practice guideline  /  recommendations  /  quality of evidence
刘珏. 从卫生科学证据到推荐与决策的原则. 中国公共卫生, 2026 , 42 (6) : 641 -644 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1149009
Jue LIU. Principles for transforming health evidence to recommendations and decisions[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2026 , 42 (6) : 641 -644 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1149009
随着循证卫生理念的深入,高质量卫生实践指南的制定与应用已成为提升卫生服务质量、有效预防与控制重大疾病的关键。近年来,国内外卫生实践指南数量快速增长,方法学也有了新进展,涉及证据分级评估[1–3]、指南报告规范[4]、指南透明注册[5]、因果推断[6]等方面。其中,最具有代表性的为证据推荐分级的评估、制订与评价(Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluations, GRADE)。尽管取得进展,但指南证据转化应用仍然缓慢[7]。如何将海量、复杂甚至相互矛盾的卫生研究证据,转化为高质量、可信赖、可执行的证据推荐,辅助卫生决策,一直是困扰指南制定者的难题。为此,2025年6月发表于《英国医学杂志》的《Core GRADE 7:从医学科学证据到推荐和决策的原则》(以下简称Core GRADE 7原则)一文中对此进行了详细阐述[8],该文聚焦于从证据到推荐(Evidence to Recommendation, EtD)这一关键转化步骤,系统论述了从科学证据到推荐与决策过程中的核心原则、考量维度与操作框架。本文旨在介绍Core GRADE 7原则的核心思想与关键内容,以期促进卫生证据的科学转化,辅助卫生决策。
GRADE推荐意见的核心特征在于其双维度结构,即明确的“方向”(支持或反对某项干预)和清晰的“强度”(强推荐或条件性推荐)。推荐方向与推荐强度二者组合构成了4种基本的科学证据推荐类别,即:强推荐支持(strong in favour)、条件性推荐支持(conditional in favour)、条件性推荐反对(conditional against)及强推荐反对(strong against)。推荐方向取决于对干预措施的利(desirable consequences)与弊(undesirable consequences)的权衡。当利大于弊时,推荐方向为“支持”;反之,则为“反对”。推荐强度则反映了指南制定小组对利弊权衡结果的信心程度。其中,强推荐(strong recommendation)是指小组确信,干预措施的利弊平衡非常明确,几乎所有(all or almost all)充分知情的患者都会作出同样的选择。这通常基于高或中等确定性的证据。条件性推荐(conditional recommendation),又称弱推荐(weak recommendation),是指利弊平衡不甚明确,或患者的价值观与偏好在决策中起关键作用,多数(majority)患者可能会做出某种选择,但仍有相当一部分(an appreciable minority)患者会因其不同的价值观而做出相反选择。这通常与低或极低确定性的证据相关,或是在利弊相当、患者价值观差异巨大的情况下做出的。
推荐强度划分具有重要的医学决策实践意义。强推荐为临床医生提供了明确的行动指导,而条件性推荐则提示应启动医患共同决策(Shared Decision Making, SDM)程序,以充分保障患者的健康获益与安全。
为确保决策过程的系统性与透明性,Core GRADE 7原则的核心是GRADE的“证据到决策”(Evidence to Decision, EtD)框架。该框架将决策过程分解为一系列结构化的考量因素,分为主要因素与次要因素两大类。
在应用EtD框架前,必须首先明确决策的视角(perspective),即个体患者视角(individual patient perspective)或群体/社会视角(population/societal perspective)。前者是Core GRADE的核心,聚焦于对患者最重要的因素;后者则在个体视角基础上,额外纳入成本、公平性等宏观因素,多用于卫生技术评估和公共政策制定[9]。
EtD框架包含主要因素和次要因素两大类别,系统性地指导决策过程见表1。其中,主要因素包括获益、伤害与负担的平衡、证据的确定性,以及价值观与偏好三大要素。次要因素主要包括资源与成本效益、可行性、可接受性、公平性四大要素。
在遵循EtD框架的基础上,首先根据场景需求确定评估视角,然后审查最小重要差异的证据,充分权衡获益、伤害与负担,进而确定证据推荐的方向与强度,最终得出更全面、透明且逻辑严谨的证据决策意见(图1)。
在评估“获益、伤害与负担的平衡”时,一个核心问题是如何界定一个效应量是否对患者“重要”。GRADE为此引入了统计学中“最小重要差异”(Minimal Important Difference, MID)的概念,即“能使患者认为值得接受某项干预的最小效果”,作为量化结局重要性的标尺。MID在决策中有两大关键作用:(1)作为评估证据不精确性(imprecision)的阈值。例如,在进行证据质量降级时,需判断效应估计值的置信区间(CI)是否跨越了MID。若CI跨越MID,则意味着无法确定效果是否对患者有实际意义,应因“不精确”而降级。(2)作为患者价值观的量化体现。例如,不同结局的MID值不同,反映了患者对这些结局的相对重视程度,为在不同利弊间进行权衡提供了依据。Core GRADE 7原则中强调,确定MID的最佳方式是基于对患者的系统性调查,但在实践中常面临困难。因此,也可以采用专家意见、焦点小组访谈或结构化小组调查等方法替代对患者的系统性调查。无论如何,明确并报告所使用的MID是保证决策透明性的关键一步。
高质量的卫生指南不仅在于其内在的科学性,还在于其外在的可用性,因此Core GRADE 7原则最后还特别强调了优化推荐意见呈现与传播的重要性,促进证据转化为公共卫生决策与疾病防控等应用。主要有以下4方面:(1)规范化推荐措辞:建议使用“我们推荐(we recommend)”代表强推荐,“我们建议(we suggest)”代表条件性推荐,避免模糊表述。(2)分层式交互呈现:提倡采用多层级、可交互的数字化发布格式,例如快速指南推荐所常采用的信息图,用户可从概览层层深入至科学证据细节,以满足不同用户的个性化需求。(3)整合决策辅助工具:对于条件性推荐,可开发面向患者的决策辅助工具(Decision Aids),以可视化方式呈现利弊,促进有效的医患共同决策。(4)动态更新与证据监测:面对快速增长的医学证据,指南应逐步向“动态指南”(Living Guideline)模式发展[10–11],建立持续的医学证据监测与更新机制,确保其时效性。
Core GRADE 7原则与既往各类报告规范(如TRIPOD‑Cluster)[12]等推荐意见评估不同,它重点总结了从科学证据到推荐与决策的转化方法,其核心价值在于为卫生这一复杂海量科学证据的有效筛选、评价与转化过程提供了一个结构化、透明化的可操作性框架。它所提出的EtD框架通过强制决策者明确说明其每一个判断的依据,可提升指南的可信度与严谨性;它对证据确定性的强调,确保了推荐强度与证据基础的匹配,有效防止了基于低质量证据做出过度自信的推荐。同时,通过正式纳入患者价值观、资源、公平性等多维因素,使得最终的推荐意见更贴近复杂的卫生决策与患者需求。当前,我国的卫生实践指南制定工作正蓬勃发展,但仍面临不同指南制定方法学不统一、部分指南制定流程不透明、与国际标准接轨依然不足等挑战。深入理解并合理应用Core GRADE 7原则,尤其是EtD框架,对于提升我国卫生循证指南的整体质量至关重要。此外,建议在进行卫生证据评价与卫生决策时,不仅应评估所获得的科学证据的确定性,还应兼顾与卫生决策相关的MID、患者价值观与偏好、卫生资源、公平性等多维层面,使之更符合各国国情。
总之,GRADE提供了一套将科学证据转化为卫生证据推荐与卫生决策的指引,通过规范应用Core GRADE 7原则与EtD框架,有助于制定出更值得信赖、更以健康为中心、更具实践指导价值的卫生指南,最终惠及广大患者及公众,助力健康中国战略目标的实现。

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doi: 10.11847/zgggws1149009
  • 接收时间:2025-09-29
  • 首发时间:2026-10-23
  • 出版时间:2026-06-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-29
  • 修回日期:2025-11-17
  • 录用日期:2026-01-19
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    北京大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系,北京 100191

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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