Article(id=1320438186707369988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320438090615862080, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11847/zgggws1149216, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1761926400000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-01, revisedDate=1770134400000, revisedDateStr=2026-02-04, acceptedDate=1773590400000, acceptedDateStr=2026-03-16, onlineDate=1792746596265, onlineDateStr=2026-10-23, pubDate=1775750400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792746596265, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792746596265, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792746596265, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320438090615862080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, year='2026', volume='42', issue='4', pageStart='385', pageEnd='512', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1775750400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792746573356, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792748076043, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320444393430040620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320438090615862080, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320444393430040621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320438090615862080, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=453, endPage=459, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320438188720635909, articleId=1320438186707369988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=EN, title=Current status of self-assessment and training needs among primary-level infectious disease prevention and control personnel in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region: a cross-sectional survey, 2025, columnId=1320427686514770171, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Public Health, columnName=Survey and Report, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the current status of competency and training needs among primary-level infectious disease prevention and control personnel in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, providing a scientific basis for further exploring training models to enhance the competency of such personnel in primary-level health institutions.

Methods

In April 2025, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 700 members of primary-level infectious disease prevention and control personnel in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region to understand their basic information, current competency, and training needs. The chi-square test was conducted for statistical analysis of the survey results.

Results

In the self-assessment of competency, the qualification rates for "developing on-site health and epidemic prevention work plans and mobilizing resources during major natural disasters" and "designing, analyzing, and evaluating disease surveillance systems" were the highest, both at 91.57%. The self-assessed qualification rate for "conducting training and technical guidance" was low, with the lowest rate (68.7%) among personnel with educational background below junior college. The self-assessed qualification rates for "information acquisition, analysis, and utilization," "project application, planning, implementation, and management," and "conducting training and technical guidance" differed among personnel with different professional titles, educational backgrounds, majors, ages, and years of work experience (all P < 0.05). The self-assessed qualification rate for "conducting training and technical guidance" varied among the personnel with different professional titles, educational backgrounds, and years of work experience (all P < 0.05). The self-assessed qualification rate for "writing investigation reports, academic papers, and delivering presentations" also differed among personnel with different educational backgrounds, professional titles, and places of working (whether working in border regions or not) (all P < 0.05). Regarding training formats, the most frequently attended in the past were expert lectures, accounting for 97.29%. The highest training demand was for case analysis and practical exercises, at 81.07%.

Conclusions

The self-assessment of core competencies among primary-level infectious disease prevention and control personnel in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is generally good. However, there are notable shortcomings in higher-order soft skills such as "training and guidance" and "communication," as well as among specific groups (e.g., those with lower educational background or less experience). Training needs are broad and concentrated on practical skills such as emergency response and communication, with variations observed across different groups.

, authors=Xinyu HU1, MUkedaisi·Aihemaijiang2, Leixi FENG2, Junhui HAO2, Xing YU1, Xiaoyuan HU2, authorsList=Xinyu HU, MUkedaisi·Aihemaijiang, Leixi FENG, Junhui HAO, Xing YU, Xiaoyuan HU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xing YU, Xiaoyuan HU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
YU Xing, E-mail:
HU Xiaoyuan, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Chinese Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320438189303644168, articleId=1320438186707369988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=CN, title=新疆基层传染病防控人员能力自评与培训需求现状:一项2025年横断面调查, columnId=1320427686770622717, journalTitle=中国公共卫生, columnName=调查报告与分析, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

了解新疆基层传染病防控人员能力与培训需求现状,为进一步探讨基层卫生机构传染病防控人才能力提升培养模式提供科学依据。

方法

于2025年4月对新疆地区700名基层传染病防控人员进行问卷调查,了解其基本情况、能力现状与培训需求等,并采用χ2检验对调查结果进行统计分析。

结果

能力自评中,“发生重大自然灾害时制定现场卫生防病工作计划和组织动员能力”和“对疾病监测系统进行设计、分析和评价能力”合格率最高,均为91.57%;“开展培训和技术指导能力”自评合格率较低,其中大专以下学历人员自评合格率最低,为68.7%。不同职称、学历、专业、年龄及工作年限人员在“信息获取、分析和合格数利用能力”“项目申请、计划、实施和管理”“开展培训和技术指导能力”的自评合格率差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。不同学历、职称及工作年限人员在“开展培训和技术指导能力”的差异亦有统计学意义(均P<0.05),不同学历、职称及是否在边境地区工作人员在“撰写调查报告、学术论文和演讲”能力的差异亦有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。在培训形式上,过去参与最多的是专家讲座,占97.29%;培训形式需求方面,对案例分析和实操演练的需求最高,为81.07%。

结论

新疆基层传染病防控人员核心能力自评总体良好,但在“培训指导”“沟通交流”等高阶软技能及特定人群(低学历、低年资等)方面存在明显短板;培训需求广泛且集中于应急处置与沟通等实践技能,且需求存在群体差异性。

, authors=胡馨予1, 穆克戴丝•艾合买江2, 冯雷喜2, 郝俊晖2, 俞星1, *, *, 胡晓远2, *, *, authorsList=胡馨予, 穆克戴丝•艾合买江, 冯雷喜, 郝俊晖, 俞星, 胡晓远, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=俞星, 胡晓远, authorNote=

胡馨予(2004—),本科在读,研究方向:预防医学

, correspAuthorsNote=
俞星,E-mail:
胡晓远,E-mail:
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Self-assessed qualification status of eight competencies among primary-level infectious disease prevention and control personnel in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征疾病暴发或紧急卫生事件时
独立组织开展较复杂的
现场流行病学调查能力
发生重大自然灾害时
制定现场卫生防病工作
计划和组织动员能力
对疾病监测系统
进行设计、分析和
评价能力
向决策者提出合理化
建议及与新闻媒介和
大众沟通、交流能力
人次合格率/%P值人次合格率/%P值人次合格率/%P值人次合格率/%P值
性别
 男性318 90.10.476322 91.20.115325 92.10.227311 88.10.585
 女性307 88.5319 91.9316 91.1299 86.2
年龄/岁
 <30151 88.31.196158 92.40.348155 90.61.574148 86.50.236
 30~40157 88.7161 25.1160 90.4155 87.6
 41~50147 88.6151 91.0157 94.6146 88.0
≥51170 91.4171 91.9169 90.9161 86.6
学历
 大专以下135 87.12.279138 89.01.559136 87.71.779129 83.20.043
 大专150 87.7155 90.6157 91.8143 83.6
 本科174 90.6179 93.2181 94.3178 92.7
 硕士及以上166 91.2169 92.9167 91.8160 87.9
专业
 预防医学119 90.81.367121 92.42.616122 93.10.179117 89.30.017
 临床医学112 88.2116 91.3115 90.6114 89.8
 医学检验106 89.1107 89.9104 87.4 96 80.7
 护理学 94 91.3 98 95.1 99 96.1 91 88.3
 卫生事业管理105 89.0107 90.7110 93.2106 89.8
 其他 89 87.3 92 92.0 91 89.2 86 84.3
职称
 初级及以下153 86.00.008163 91.60.002158 88.81.038154 86.50.773
 中级163 92.1169 95.5165 93.2155 87.6
 副高级168 93.3166 92.2169 93.9163 90.6
 正高级141 85.5143 86.7149 90.3138 83.6
工作年限/年
 <3164 89.10.978171 92.91.122168 91.30.609165 89.70.852
 3~5154 88.5159 91.4159 91.4153 97.9
 6~10157 92.4159 91.4158 92.9140 82.4
 >10150 87.2152 88.4156 90.7152 88.4
在边境地区工作
 是328 88.90.128341 92.40.714340 92.10.328321 87.00.032
 否297 89.7300 90.6301 90.9289 87.3
续表 1
Table 1 Continued
特征信息获取、分析和合格数利用能力项目申请、计划、实施和管理撰写调查报告、 学术论文和演讲开展培训和技术指导能力
人次合格率/%P值人次合格率/%P值人次合格率/%P值人次合格率/%P值
性别
 男性312 88.41.324305 86.40.349316 89.51.289255 72.20.651
 女性293 84.4305 87.9301 86.7260 74.0
年龄/岁
 <30154 90.10.004148 86.51.225153 89.51.561125 73.11.039
 30~40150 84.7151 85.3155 87.6126 71.2
 41~50137 82.5148 89.2149 89.8123 74.1
≥51164 88.2163 87.6160 86.0141 75.8
学历
 大专以下132 85.20.124130 83.90.963133 85.80.351125 68.70.021
 大专142 83.0150 87.7150 87.7130 76.0
 本科173 90.1170 88.5172 89.6152 79.2
 硕士及以上158 86.8160 87.9162 89.0108 69.7
专业
 预防医学119 90.80.038115 87.80.837118 90.10.295 93 71.00.489
 临床医学110 90.8113 89.0115 90.6 96 75.6
 医学检验 92 77.3 99 83.2105 88.2 87 73.1
 护理学 91 88.3 96 93.2 91 88.3 81 78.6
 卫生事业管理102 86.4102 86.4 99 83.9 84 71.2
 其他 91 89.2 85 83.3 89 87.3 74 72.5
职称
 初级及以下155 87.10.345157 88.20.006154 86.51.245134 75.31.377
 中级152 85.9165 93.2153 86.4128 72.3
 副高级157 87.2158 87.8160 88.9136 75.6
 正高级141 85.5130 78.8150 90.9117 70.9
工作年限/年
 <3162 88.01.593160 87.01.427165 89.70.743136 73.91.521
 3~5153 87.9157 90.2151 86.8122 70.1
 6~10145 84.3144 84.7150 88.2128 75.3
 >10145 84.3149 86.6151 87.8129 75.0
边境地区工作
 是318 86.20.049317 85.91.062321 87.00.989281 76.20.672
 否287 86.7293 88.5296 89.4234 70.7
), ArticleFig(id=1320438194714296379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438186707369988, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

新疆基层传染病防控人员8种能力自评合格情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征疾病暴发或紧急卫生事件时
独立组织开展较复杂的
现场流行病学调查能力
发生重大自然灾害时
制定现场卫生防病工作
计划和组织动员能力
对疾病监测系统
进行设计、分析和
评价能力
向决策者提出合理化
建议及与新闻媒介和
大众沟通、交流能力
人次合格率/%P值人次合格率/%P值人次合格率/%P值人次合格率/%P值
性别
 男性318 90.10.476322 91.20.115325 92.10.227311 88.10.585
 女性307 88.5319 91.9316 91.1299 86.2
年龄/岁
 <30151 88.31.196158 92.40.348155 90.61.574148 86.50.236
 30~40157 88.7161 25.1160 90.4155 87.6
 41~50147 88.6151 91.0157 94.6146 88.0
≥51170 91.4171 91.9169 90.9161 86.6
学历
 大专以下135 87.12.279138 89.01.559136 87.71.779129 83.20.043
 大专150 87.7155 90.6157 91.8143 83.6
 本科174 90.6179 93.2181 94.3178 92.7
 硕士及以上166 91.2169 92.9167 91.8160 87.9
专业
 预防医学119 90.81.367121 92.42.616122 93.10.179117 89.30.017
 临床医学112 88.2116 91.3115 90.6114 89.8
 医学检验106 89.1107 89.9104 87.4 96 80.7
 护理学 94 91.3 98 95.1 99 96.1 91 88.3
 卫生事业管理105 89.0107 90.7110 93.2106 89.8
 其他 89 87.3 92 92.0 91 89.2 86 84.3
职称
 初级及以下153 86.00.008163 91.60.002158 88.81.038154 86.50.773
 中级163 92.1169 95.5165 93.2155 87.6
 副高级168 93.3166 92.2169 93.9163 90.6
 正高级141 85.5143 86.7149 90.3138 83.6
工作年限/年
 <3164 89.10.978171 92.91.122168 91.30.609165 89.70.852
 3~5154 88.5159 91.4159 91.4153 97.9
 6~10157 92.4159 91.4158 92.9140 82.4
 >10150 87.2152 88.4156 90.7152 88.4
在边境地区工作
 是328 88.90.128341 92.40.714340 92.10.328321 87.00.032
 否297 89.7300 90.6301 90.9289 87.3
续表 1
Table 1 Continued
特征信息获取、分析和合格数利用能力项目申请、计划、实施和管理撰写调查报告、 学术论文和演讲开展培训和技术指导能力
人次合格率/%P值人次合格率/%P值人次合格率/%P值人次合格率/%P值
性别
 男性312 88.41.324305 86.40.349316 89.51.289255 72.20.651
 女性293 84.4305 87.9301 86.7260 74.0
年龄/岁
 <30154 90.10.004148 86.51.225153 89.51.561125 73.11.039
 30~40150 84.7151 85.3155 87.6126 71.2
 41~50137 82.5148 89.2149 89.8123 74.1
≥51164 88.2163 87.6160 86.0141 75.8
学历
 大专以下132 85.20.124130 83.90.963133 85.80.351125 68.70.021
 大专142 83.0150 87.7150 87.7130 76.0
 本科173 90.1170 88.5172 89.6152 79.2
 硕士及以上158 86.8160 87.9162 89.0108 69.7
专业
 预防医学119 90.80.038115 87.80.837118 90.10.295 93 71.00.489
 临床医学110 90.8113 89.0115 90.6 96 75.6
 医学检验 92 77.3 99 83.2105 88.2 87 73.1
 护理学 91 88.3 96 93.2 91 88.3 81 78.6
 卫生事业管理102 86.4102 86.4 99 83.9 84 71.2
 其他 91 89.2 85 83.3 89 87.3 74 72.5
职称
 初级及以下155 87.10.345157 88.20.006154 86.51.245134 75.31.377
 中级152 85.9165 93.2153 86.4128 72.3
 副高级157 87.2158 87.8160 88.9136 75.6
 正高级141 85.5130 78.8150 90.9117 70.9
工作年限/年
 <3162 88.01.593160 87.01.427165 89.70.743136 73.91.521
 3~5153 87.9157 90.2151 86.8122 70.1
 6~10145 84.3144 84.7150 88.2128 75.3
 >10145 84.3149 86.6151 87.8129 75.0
边境地区工作
 是318 86.20.049317 85.91.062321 87.00.989281 76.20.672
 否287 86.7293 88.5296 89.4234 70.7
), ArticleFig(id=1320438194814959677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438186707369988, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Training needs for eight competencies among primary-level infectious disease prevention and control personnel in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目疾病暴发或紧急卫生事件时,
独立组织开展较复杂的现场
流行病学调查的能力
发生重大自然灾害时,
制定现场卫生防病工作计划和
组织动员的能力
信息的获取、分析和
利用的能力
对疾病监测系统进行设计、
分析和评价的能力
人次占比/%P值人次占比/%P值人次占比/%P值人次占比/%P值
性别
 男性350 99.21.062 345 97.70.047337 95.50.871343 97.20.013
 女性341 98.3339 97.7336 96.8338 97.4
年龄/岁
 <30168 98.21.443166 97.10.192165 96.51.687164 95.90.194
 30~40176 99.4174 98.3169 95.5171 96.6
 41~50163 98.2164 98.8162 97.6164 98.8
≥51184 98.9180 96.8177 95.2182 97.8
学历
 大专以下153 98.70.184151 97.41.876150 96.80.501151 97.40.562
 大专169 98.9166 97.1163 95.3166 97.1
 本科189 98.4190 98.9185 96.4188 97.9
 硕士及以上180 98.9177 97.3175 96.2176 96.7
专业
 预防医学119 90.80.943118 90.10.981117 89.30.987118 90.10.799
 临床医学125 98.4126 99.2120 94.5124 97.6
 医学检验117 98.3115 96.611495.811395.0
 护理学103 100.0102 99.0101 98.1102 99.0
 卫生事业管理116 98.3113 95.8112 94.9113 95.8
 其他 99 97.1 98 96.1 98 96.1100 98.0
职称
 初级及以下168 94.40.658172 96.60.021161 90.40.671173 97.20.777
 中级164 92.7173 97.7159 89.8172 97.2
 副高级176 97.8176 97.8178 98.9174 96.7
 正高级163 98.8163 98.816398.8162 98.2
工作年限/年
 <3175 95.10.892179 97.30.952170 92.40.834178 96.70.831
 3~5173 99.4171 98.3172 98.9169 97.1
 6~10170100.0165 97.116496.5167 98.2
 >10167 97.1169 98.3159 92.4167 97.1
边境地区工作
 是182 49.30.817361 97.80.033177 48.00.769359 97.30.926
 否172 52.0323 97.6167 50.5322 97.3
续表 2
Table 2 Continued
项目项目的申请、计划、
实施和能力
向决策者提出合理化建议,
以及与新闻媒介和大众沟通、
交流的能力
撰写调查报告、
学术论文和演讲
开展培训和技术
指导能力
人次占比/%P值人次占比/%P值人次占比/%P值人次占比/%P值
性别
 男性330 93.51.521349 98.90.732301 85.31.017284 80.50.351
 女性313 90.2337 97.1292 84.1265 76.4
年龄/岁
 <30154 90.10.457169 98.90.552150 87.70.215131 76.60.088
 30~40159 89.8172 97.2147 83.1137 77.4
 41~50155 93.4162 97.6138 83.1126 75.9
≥51175 94.1183 98.4158 84.9155 83.3
学历
 大专以下143 92.30.818150 96.80.191131 84.50.042121 78.10.039
 大专152 88.9166 97.1141 82.5132 77.2
 本科178 92.7191 99.5164 85.4152 79.2
 硕士及以上170 93.4179 98.4157 86.3144 79.1
专业
 预防医学117 89.30.912117 89.30.784104 79.40.554 97 74.00.987
 临床医学115 90.6125 98.4105 82.7 98 77.2
 医学检验111 93.3116 97.5113 94.9105 88.2
 护理学 96 93.2 97 94.2 87 84.5 82 79.6
 卫生事业管理104 88.1118 100.0100 84.7 93 78.8
 其他 89 87.3101 99.0 84 82.4 74 72.5
职称
 初级及以下162 91.00.421174 97.80.295144 80.90.001134 75.30.002
 中级168 94.9172 97.2151 85.3146 82.5
 副高级165 91.7177 98.3156 86.7139 77.2
 正高级148 89.7163 98.9142 86.1130 78.8
工作年限/年
 <3169 91.80.289181 98.40.018154 83.71.048141 76.60.046
 3~5156 89.7171 98.3150 86.2146 83.9
 6~10160 94.1170 100.0142 83.5131 77.1
 >10158 91.9164 95.3147 85.5131 76.2
边境地区工作
 是337 91.30.292360 97.60.767312 84.60.026291 78.90.087
 否306 92.4326 98.5281 84.9258 77.9
), ArticleFig(id=1320438194944983102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438186707369988, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

新疆基层传染病防控人员8种能力培训需求情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目疾病暴发或紧急卫生事件时,
独立组织开展较复杂的现场
流行病学调查的能力
发生重大自然灾害时,
制定现场卫生防病工作计划和
组织动员的能力
信息的获取、分析和
利用的能力
对疾病监测系统进行设计、
分析和评价的能力
人次占比/%P值人次占比/%P值人次占比/%P值人次占比/%P值
性别
 男性350 99.21.062 345 97.70.047337 95.50.871343 97.20.013
 女性341 98.3339 97.7336 96.8338 97.4
年龄/岁
 <30168 98.21.443166 97.10.192165 96.51.687164 95.90.194
 30~40176 99.4174 98.3169 95.5171 96.6
 41~50163 98.2164 98.8162 97.6164 98.8
≥51184 98.9180 96.8177 95.2182 97.8
学历
 大专以下153 98.70.184151 97.41.876150 96.80.501151 97.40.562
 大专169 98.9166 97.1163 95.3166 97.1
 本科189 98.4190 98.9185 96.4188 97.9
 硕士及以上180 98.9177 97.3175 96.2176 96.7
专业
 预防医学119 90.80.943118 90.10.981117 89.30.987118 90.10.799
 临床医学125 98.4126 99.2120 94.5124 97.6
 医学检验117 98.3115 96.611495.811395.0
 护理学103 100.0102 99.0101 98.1102 99.0
 卫生事业管理116 98.3113 95.8112 94.9113 95.8
 其他 99 97.1 98 96.1 98 96.1100 98.0
职称
 初级及以下168 94.40.658172 96.60.021161 90.40.671173 97.20.777
 中级164 92.7173 97.7159 89.8172 97.2
 副高级176 97.8176 97.8178 98.9174 96.7
 正高级163 98.8163 98.816398.8162 98.2
工作年限/年
 <3175 95.10.892179 97.30.952170 92.40.834178 96.70.831
 3~5173 99.4171 98.3172 98.9169 97.1
 6~10170100.0165 97.116496.5167 98.2
 >10167 97.1169 98.3159 92.4167 97.1
边境地区工作
 是182 49.30.817361 97.80.033177 48.00.769359 97.30.926
 否172 52.0323 97.6167 50.5322 97.3
续表 2
Table 2 Continued
项目项目的申请、计划、
实施和能力
向决策者提出合理化建议,
以及与新闻媒介和大众沟通、
交流的能力
撰写调查报告、
学术论文和演讲
开展培训和技术
指导能力
人次占比/%P值人次占比/%P值人次占比/%P值人次占比/%P值
性别
 男性330 93.51.521349 98.90.732301 85.31.017284 80.50.351
 女性313 90.2337 97.1292 84.1265 76.4
年龄/岁
 <30154 90.10.457169 98.90.552150 87.70.215131 76.60.088
 30~40159 89.8172 97.2147 83.1137 77.4
 41~50155 93.4162 97.6138 83.1126 75.9
≥51175 94.1183 98.4158 84.9155 83.3
学历
 大专以下143 92.30.818150 96.80.191131 84.50.042121 78.10.039
 大专152 88.9166 97.1141 82.5132 77.2
 本科178 92.7191 99.5164 85.4152 79.2
 硕士及以上170 93.4179 98.4157 86.3144 79.1
专业
 预防医学117 89.30.912117 89.30.784104 79.40.554 97 74.00.987
 临床医学115 90.6125 98.4105 82.7 98 77.2
 医学检验111 93.3116 97.5113 94.9105 88.2
 护理学 96 93.2 97 94.2 87 84.5 82 79.6
 卫生事业管理104 88.1118 100.0100 84.7 93 78.8
 其他 89 87.3101 99.0 84 82.4 74 72.5
职称
 初级及以下162 91.00.421174 97.80.295144 80.90.001134 75.30.002
 中级168 94.9172 97.2151 85.3146 82.5
 副高级165 91.7177 98.3156 86.7139 77.2
 正高级148 89.7163 98.9142 86.1130 78.8
工作年限/年
 <3169 91.80.289181 98.40.018154 83.71.048141 76.60.046
 3~5156 89.7171 98.3150 86.2146 83.9
 6~10160 94.1170 100.0142 83.5131 77.1
 >10158 91.9164 95.3147 85.5131 76.2
边境地区工作
 是337 91.30.292360 97.60.767312 84.60.026291 78.90.087
 否306 92.4326 98.5281 84.9258 77.9
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新疆基层传染病防控人员能力自评与培训需求现状:一项2025年横断面调查
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胡馨予 1 , 穆克戴丝•艾合买江 2 , 冯雷喜 2 , 郝俊晖 2 , 俞星 1, *, * , 胡晓远 2, *, *
中国公共卫生 | 调查报告与分析 2026,42(4): 453-459
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中国公共卫生 |调查报告与分析 2026 , 42 (4) : 453 -459
新疆基层传染病防控人员能力自评与培训需求现状:一项2025年横断面调查
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胡馨予1, 穆克戴丝•艾合买江2, 冯雷喜2, 郝俊晖2, 俞星1, *, * , 胡晓远2, *, *
作者信息
  • 1延边大学医学院,延吉 133002
  • 2新疆维吾尔自治区疾病预防控制中心(新疆维吾尔自治区预防医学科学院)应急鼠防所,乌鲁木齐 830002
通讯作者:
俞星,E-mail:
胡晓远,E-mail:
作者简介:

胡馨予(2004—),本科在读,研究方向:预防医学

Current status of self-assessment and training needs among primary-level infectious disease prevention and control personnel in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region: a cross-sectional survey, 2025
Xinyu HU1, MUkedaisi·Aihemaijiang2, Leixi FENG2, Junhui HAO2, Xing YU1 , Xiaoyuan HU2
Affiliations
  • 1Medical College of Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
  • 2Institute for Emergency Response and Rodent-Borne Disease Control, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumqi 830002, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    YU Xing, E-mail:
    HU Xiaoyuan, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-04-10 doi: 10.11847/zgggws1149216
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目的

了解新疆基层传染病防控人员能力与培训需求现状,为进一步探讨基层卫生机构传染病防控人才能力提升培养模式提供科学依据。

方法

于2025年4月对新疆地区700名基层传染病防控人员进行问卷调查,了解其基本情况、能力现状与培训需求等,并采用χ2检验对调查结果进行统计分析。

结果

能力自评中,“发生重大自然灾害时制定现场卫生防病工作计划和组织动员能力”和“对疾病监测系统进行设计、分析和评价能力”合格率最高,均为91.57%;“开展培训和技术指导能力”自评合格率较低,其中大专以下学历人员自评合格率最低,为68.7%。不同职称、学历、专业、年龄及工作年限人员在“信息获取、分析和合格数利用能力”“项目申请、计划、实施和管理”“开展培训和技术指导能力”的自评合格率差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。不同学历、职称及工作年限人员在“开展培训和技术指导能力”的差异亦有统计学意义(均P<0.05),不同学历、职称及是否在边境地区工作人员在“撰写调查报告、学术论文和演讲”能力的差异亦有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。在培训形式上,过去参与最多的是专家讲座,占97.29%;培训形式需求方面,对案例分析和实操演练的需求最高,为81.07%。

结论

新疆基层传染病防控人员核心能力自评总体良好,但在“培训指导”“沟通交流”等高阶软技能及特定人群(低学历、低年资等)方面存在明显短板;培训需求广泛且集中于应急处置与沟通等实践技能,且需求存在群体差异性。

传染病  /  防控能力  /  基层  /  培训需求  /  新疆维吾尔自治区
Objective

To investigate the current status of competency and training needs among primary-level infectious disease prevention and control personnel in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, providing a scientific basis for further exploring training models to enhance the competency of such personnel in primary-level health institutions.

Methods

In April 2025, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 700 members of primary-level infectious disease prevention and control personnel in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region to understand their basic information, current competency, and training needs. The chi-square test was conducted for statistical analysis of the survey results.

Results

In the self-assessment of competency, the qualification rates for "developing on-site health and epidemic prevention work plans and mobilizing resources during major natural disasters" and "designing, analyzing, and evaluating disease surveillance systems" were the highest, both at 91.57%. The self-assessed qualification rate for "conducting training and technical guidance" was low, with the lowest rate (68.7%) among personnel with educational background below junior college. The self-assessed qualification rates for "information acquisition, analysis, and utilization," "project application, planning, implementation, and management," and "conducting training and technical guidance" differed among personnel with different professional titles, educational backgrounds, majors, ages, and years of work experience (all P < 0.05). The self-assessed qualification rate for "conducting training and technical guidance" varied among the personnel with different professional titles, educational backgrounds, and years of work experience (all P < 0.05). The self-assessed qualification rate for "writing investigation reports, academic papers, and delivering presentations" also differed among personnel with different educational backgrounds, professional titles, and places of working (whether working in border regions or not) (all P < 0.05). Regarding training formats, the most frequently attended in the past were expert lectures, accounting for 97.29%. The highest training demand was for case analysis and practical exercises, at 81.07%.

Conclusions

The self-assessment of core competencies among primary-level infectious disease prevention and control personnel in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is generally good. However, there are notable shortcomings in higher-order soft skills such as "training and guidance" and "communication," as well as among specific groups (e.g., those with lower educational background or less experience). Training needs are broad and concentrated on practical skills such as emergency response and communication, with variations observed across different groups.

infectious diseases  /  prevention and control competency  /  primary level  /  training needs  /  Xinjiang UygurAutonomous Region
胡馨予, 穆克戴丝•艾合买江, 冯雷喜, 郝俊晖, 俞星, 胡晓远. 新疆基层传染病防控人员能力自评与培训需求现状:一项2025年横断面调查. 中国公共卫生, 2026 , 42 (4) : 453 -459 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1149216
Xinyu HU, MUkedaisi·Aihemaijiang, Leixi FENG, Junhui HAO, Xing YU, Xiaoyuan HU. Current status of self-assessment and training needs among primary-level infectious disease prevention and control personnel in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region: a cross-sectional survey, 2025[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2026 , 42 (4) : 453 -459 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1149216
传染病防控人员作为中国初级卫生服务的骨干力量[1],需要应对日益增长且复杂多变的公共卫生需求与挑战[2–3]。在新发突发传染病不断增多的背景下,对传染病防控人员业务能力提出了更高要求[4–5]。对传染病防控人员的能力现状进行全面评估,不仅是加强公共卫生体系建设的关键一环,也对提升全民健康水平具有至关重要的意义。有研究表明,传染病防控人员的业务能力受到性别、年龄、职称、学历等多种因素影响[6 – 11]。为此,国家推出《全国疾病预防控制行动方案(2024—2025年)》[12]和《国家突发急性传染病防控队伍管理办法》[13],对提升传染病防控人员业务能力提出了相关要求。新疆维吾尔自治区是我国推动基本公共卫生服务均等化的关键地区,本研究聚焦于新疆14个地(州、市)人才队伍核心能力建设,系统分析基层700名传染病防控人员能力现状与培训需求缺口,旨在揭示新疆地区当前防控体系的短板,为后续制定科学的培训规划与人才发展战略提供理论参考与数据支持。
为新疆地区从事传染病防控工作的基层人员。根据相关文献报道,卫生机构专业人员对传染病防控培训的需求率p为66.67%[14],设定zα=1.96,容许误差e为4%,估算样本量为534人,为了控制无应答偏倚,在此基础上增加30%的样本量。2025年4月,采取整群随机抽样法,在新疆14个地(州、市)随机抽取6个地区,使用“问卷星”对所选区内地市级及区县级疾病预防控制中心(简称“疾控中心”)、社区卫生服务中心及卫生行政部门防控人员发放问卷,共发放问卷720份,回收700份,有效率为97.22%。研究方案已获新疆维吾尔自治区疾病预防控制中心伦理审查委员会批准(2025–55),所有调查对象均知情同意。
问卷为自行设计,内容包含3部分:(1)基本信息,包括姓名、性别、工作单位、年龄、职称、学历等。(2)防控能力自我评价,参考《全国疾病预防控制机构卫生应急工作规范(试行)》的相关条款[15],同时结合中国疾控中心现场流行病学培训班“八项核心素养”的框架体系[16],形成正式量表[17],内容涉及流行病学调查、实验室检测、监测预警、现场处置等,共13个条目,满分65分。(3)培训需求,主要包括参加过的培训内容、培训形式以及对未来培训需求的方向和内容等,共6个条目,满分30分。采用Likert 5级评分法[18]对能力自评的13个条目及培训需求的6个条目进行量化,其中5分代表最高等级(如“很好”“很重要”),1分代表最低等级(如“非常差”“非常不重要”),计算单项得分率(得分率=实际评分/总分×100%),并以得分率≥60%(即单项得分≥3分)作为判定能力“合格”或存在“需求”的阈值。于2025年2月,对伊犁州和博州疾控中心50名传染病防控人员进行预调查,结果表明,调查问卷中自评价量表具有良好的信效度,问卷信度为0.938、Bartlett球形检验<0.001。
本次调查采用统一线上培训与集中发放相结合的方式,调查员将参加统一的线上培训,明确调查目的、流程及注意事项,保证操作一致性。培训结束后,于2025年3月通过问卷星统一向调查对象发放问卷进行网络调查。专人录入数据库,设专职质控员对数据进行检查核对,剔除逻辑审查错项、漏填项、或不符合要求的问卷,按录入数据5%的比例复核,保证数据质量真实可靠。数据整合阶段各地疾控部门负责人对调查问卷的完整性以及回收率做基本核验。
采用SPSS 27.0软件进行统计分析。分类变量以频数(百分比)描述,组间比较采用χ2检验;符合正态分布的计量资料以$ \overline{x}\pm s $描述,检验水准为α=0.05(双侧)。
共调查700人,其中男性353人(50.43%),女性347人(49.57%);年龄范围为23~57岁,平均年龄为40.4岁。年龄<30岁171人(24.4%),30~40岁177人(25.3%),41~50岁166人(23.7%),≥51岁186人(26.6%);预防医学专业131人(18.7%),临床医学127人(18.1%),医学检验119人(17.0%),护理学103人(14.7%),卫生事业管理118人(16.9%)及其他专业102人(14.6%);学历大专以下155人(22.1%),大专171人(24.4%),本科192人(27.5%)及硕士及以上182人(26.0%);职称初级及以下178人(25.4%),中级177人(25.3%),副高级180人(25.7%),正高级165人(23.6%);工龄<3年184人(26.3%),工龄3~5年174人(24.9%),工龄6~10年170人(24.2%),工龄>10年172人(24.6%)。在边境地区工作人员369人(52.7%),在非边境地区工作人员331人(47.3%)
基层传染病卫生人员八大核心能力自评结果中,“发生重大自然灾害时制定现场卫生防病工作计划和组织动员能力”与“对疾病监测系统进行设计、分析和评价能力”合格人数最多。在“疾病暴发或紧急卫生事件时独立组织开展较复杂的现场流行病学调查能力”和“发生重大自然灾害时制定现场卫生防病工作计划和组织动员能力”方面,不同职称人员自评合格率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);在“向决策者提出合理化建议及与新闻媒介和大众沟通、交流能力”方面,不同学历、不同专业和是否在边境地区自评合格率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);在“信息获取、分析和合格数利用能力”方面,不同年龄、不同专业和是否在边境地区自评合格率均有统计学意义(P<0.05);在“项目申请、计划、实施和管理”方面,不同职称自评合格率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在“开展培训和技术指导能力”方面,不同学历自评合格率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。详见表1。
在“疾病暴发或紧急卫生事件时,独立组织开展较复杂的现场流行病学调查的能力”方面培训需求率最高,为691人次(98.71%);在“向决策者提出合理化建议,以及与新闻媒介和大众沟通、交流的能力”方面培训需求次之,为686人次(98.00%)。在“向决策者提出合理化建议,以及与新闻媒介和大众沟通、交流的能力”方面,不同工作年限人员培训需求差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在“开展培训和技术指导能力”方面,不同学历、不同职称和不同工作年限人员培训需求差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在“发生重大自然灾害时,制定现场卫生防病工作计划和组织动员的能力”方面,不同性别、不同职称人员和是否边境地区人员培训需求有统计学意义(P<0.05);在“对疾病监测系统进行设计、分析和评价的能力”方面,不同性别工作人员培训需求差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在“撰写调查报告、学术论文和演讲”方面,不同学历、不同职称及是否在边境地区人员培训需求差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),详见表2。
本研究结果显示,基层传染病防控人员八大核心能力自评中,“发生重大自然灾害时制定现场卫生防病工作计划和组织动员能力”与“对疾病监测系统进行设计、分析和评价能力”2项的合格人数比例较高,这一结果与浙江省疾控机构人员能力调查研究结论相似[19]。其原因可能为:一是自然灾害与突发公共卫生事件多发的地区往往应急处置实践较为频繁,这为基层人员提供了宝贵的“干中学”机会,使其在复杂环境下的现场组织与动员能力得到了充分锻炼。二是近年来国家及自治区层面大力推进传染病直报系统和监测网络的建设与升级[20],基层人员作为系统的主要操作者和数据入口,在日常工作中积累了丰富的系统应用经验,从而对监测系统的分析与评价具备了较高的自信心。
能力的结构性不均衡问题不容忽视[21]。本研究发现,“向决策者提出合理化建议及与新闻媒介和大众沟通、交流能力”自评结果中,低学历和非医学专业人员合格率较低;“开展培训和技术指导能力”自评结果中,低学历人员合格率亦较低。国内学者在研究学科在疫情防控中的作用时发现,公共卫生、流行病与统计以及卫生检验专业是疾控系统主要的人员学科配备,无论在人才引进和培养方面都是重点[22]。本研究结果显示,低学历者可能受限于理论知识的深度与系统性,难以将实践经验提炼并转化为可传授的知识;进一步印证了人员背景对能力构成的深刻影响[23]。如“向决策者提出合理化建议及与新闻媒介和大众沟通、交流能力”在学历和专业上的差异,说明该项高阶软技能对从业者的知识广度、逻辑思维和语言表达能力要求较高,通常需要更全面的高等教育和专业知识体系作为支撑。而“项目申请、计划、实施和管理”能力在职称上的差异,则反映了高职称人员通常承担更多项目管理职责,拥有更丰富的项目全周期管理经验。正高级职称人员在现场流行病学调查能力方面的自评合格率显著低于中级、副高级,这一结果并非专业能力不足,而是岗位职能与实践场景差异所致。正高职称人员多承担管理决策、技术指导与学术研究职能,较少参与一线流调实操;而中、初级职称人员长期扎根基层,实战经验更丰富,操作熟练度更高。同时,正高职称人员自评标准更严苛,对自身实操生疏的认知更清醒,也导致合格率看似偏低。该结果提示,不同职称人员的能力评价应结合岗位定位分层设计,避免用单一执行类指标衡量全层级专业价值[24]。
培训需求调查结果与能力自评形成了呼应和补充。“疾病暴发时独立开展复杂流调的能力”与“决策者、媒体沟通的能力”恰恰是公共卫生事件应对中最具挑战性的核心技能。这表明基层人员对自身在突发事件的“技战术”尖端能力和“公共关系”软实力方面的不足有着清醒的认识。高需求率反映了他们渴望掌握“硬核”流调技术以精准溯源,同时也迫切希望提升风险沟通与政策倡导能力,以在复杂的社会环境中有效开展工作。
另一方面,不同背景人员在培训需求上的显著差异,揭示了培训需求的高度异质性。不同学历和职称人员在“撰写报告/论文”和“开展培训”上的需求差异,则可能与他们的职业发展定位有关:高学历、高职称者更倾向于向科研、教学等复合型人才发展,故对此类学术性与传承性能力的需求更为强烈。
在培训形式上,对“案例分析和实操演练”和“专家讲座”需求较高,不仅肯定了传统讲座在知识体系传授上的价值,更表明了基层人员已不满足于被动接收理论知识,他们强烈渴望通过高度仿真的案例和动手操作来深化理解、提升实战技能。相比之下,“线下培训”需求最低,可能反映了基层工作繁重、人员紧张的现实困境,以及线上/混合式培训在时间与成本上的灵活性优势。
本研究能够较全面、快速地反映新疆基层传染病防控人员的能力现状与培训需求。然而,自评方式可能受到主观认知偏差的影响,未来可结合客观考核或行为观察加以补充。总体而言,本研究揭示了新疆基层传染病防控人员在应急处置与系统监测方面能力较好,但在培训指导、沟通协作等软技能及低学历、低年资等特定群体中存在明显短板;培训需求高度集中在现场流调、媒体沟通等实战能力,且呈现群体差异。这提示相关政策与培训体系应转向分层、精准、实践导向的设计,强化薄弱环节与高阶能力建设,提升边境及基层地区突发公共卫生事件的整体应对水平。

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doi: 10.11847/zgggws1149216
  • 接收时间:2025-11-01
  • 首发时间:2026-10-23
  • 出版时间:2026-04-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-11-01
  • 修回日期:2026-02-04
  • 录用日期:2026-03-16
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    1延边大学医学院,延吉 133002
    2新疆维吾尔自治区疾病预防控制中心(新疆维吾尔自治区预防医学科学院)应急鼠防所,乌鲁木齐 830002

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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