Article(id=1320438171926643654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320438090615862080, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11847/zgggws1148561, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1753804800000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-30, revisedDate=1758556800000, revisedDateStr=2025-09-23, acceptedDate=1761840000000, acceptedDateStr=2025-10-31, onlineDate=1792746592741, onlineDateStr=2026-10-23, pubDate=1775750400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792746592741, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792746592741, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792746592741, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320438090615862080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, year='2026', volume='42', issue='4', pageStart='385', pageEnd='512', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1775750400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792746573356, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792748076043, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320444393430040620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320438090615862080, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320444393430040621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320438090615862080, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=505, endPage=512, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320438172723561415, articleId=1320438171926643654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=EN, title=Global public health governance under the International Health Regulations (2005) Amendments, columnId=1320431897281413811, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Public Health, columnName=Public Health Forum, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
The International Health Regulations (IHR), serving as the core norm of global public health governance, have evolved over a long historical period. The amendments adopted in 2024 not only constitute an institutional response to recent public health emergencies that revealed inherent shortcomings in the IHR but are also profoundly shaped by the dual impact of globalization′s "contagion effect" and the vision of a "community of common health for mankind". This article examines key aspects of the amendments, including the introduction of a "Pandemic Emergency" framework, efforts to strengthen the World Health Organization′s leadership role, the establishment of Competent National Authorities, and the creation of mechanisms for global information sharing, collaborative assistance, and equitable resource allocation. Additionally, it analyzes the establishment of an Implementation Review Committee to enhance member states’ compliance with their obligations. In addressing the IHR′s governance challenges, the article puts forward a "Chinese solution" guided by the concept of a community of common health for mankind. This solution emphasizes the participation of non-state actors in global health governance and advocates for the alignment and integration of domestic public health legal systems with international regulations. The ultimate goal is to safeguard human health and international health security while advancing equitable access to global public health resources.
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《国际卫生条例》作为全球公共卫生治理的核心规范,先后历经了数百年的历史积淀。2024年通过的修正案既是对新近突发公共卫生事件暴露出《条例》内在缺陷的制度回应,亦深受全球化“传染效应”与“人类卫生健康共同体”理念的双重驱动而成。本文聚焦修正案中引入“大流行病突发事件”、强化世界卫生组织领导地位并设立国家主管当局、构建全球公卫治理信息共享、合作援助及资源公平获取机制、设立遵约委员会以敦促成员国履约等关键议题,并针对《条例》治理困局提出以“人类卫生健康共同体”为指导理念、推动非国家行为体参与治理、促进国内公共卫生法治与国际法规耦合衔接等“中国方案”,以期共同维护全人类生命健康及国际卫生安全、助推全球公共卫生资源实现公平可及。
, authors=梁瑜璠, 徐靖仪
*, *, 王岳
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梁瑜璠(2000—),博士在读,研究方向:卫生健康法学、医药政策史
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Structural deficiencies in the International Health Regulations (2005) governance system: loopholes in the rules, operational bottlenecks, outdated concepts, and imbalance in resource allocation, figureFileSmall=foZucrKLweOjxrnNxi39OQ==, figureFileBig=wDBLAFy0wBDyQ7ahHNMGpg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320438181615485929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438171926643654, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
《条例(2005)》治理体系的结构性缺陷, figureFileSmall=foZucrKLweOjxrnNxi39OQ==, figureFileBig=wDBLAFy0wBDyQ7ahHNMGpg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320438181896504298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438171926643654, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=
A comparison of severity, scale, administrative bodies, and alert levels: public health emergency of international concern vs. pandemic emergency
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| 对比维度 | 国际关注的突发公共卫生事件 | 大流行病突发事件 |
|---|
| 事件界定 | 不同寻常的事件,通过疾病国际传播构成对他国的公共卫生风险, 并可能需要采取协调一致的国际应对措施 | 一种新型流感病毒在全球传播,且绝大多数人群对此无免疫力 |
| 事件规模 | 区域级或跨区域级(如西非埃博拉) | 全球级(如COVID-19) |
| 应对主体 | 世界卫生组织协调、区域内国家主导 | 世界卫生组织领导、全球多边机制协同 |
| 警报级别 | 重要警报 | 最高级警报 |
), ArticleFig(id=1320438181997167595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438171926643654, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
“国际关注的突发公共卫生事件”与“大流行病突发事件”比较
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 对比维度 | 国际关注的突发公共卫生事件 | 大流行病突发事件 |
|---|
| 事件界定 | 不同寻常的事件,通过疾病国际传播构成对他国的公共卫生风险, 并可能需要采取协调一致的国际应对措施 | 一种新型流感病毒在全球传播,且绝大多数人群对此无免疫力 |
| 事件规模 | 区域级或跨区域级(如西非埃博拉) | 全球级(如COVID-19) |
| 应对主体 | 世界卫生组织协调、区域内国家主导 | 世界卫生组织领导、全球多边机制协同 |
| 警报级别 | 重要警报 | 最高级警报 |
), ArticleFig(id=1320438182102025196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438171926643654, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=
A comparison of legal status, national coordination power, and the right to international coordination: national administrative department vs. competent national authority
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| 权责维度 | 国家归口单位 | 国家主管当局 |
|---|
| 法律地位 | 世界卫生组织与缔约国的“单一联络点”(多为外交部或卫生健康管理 部门的下设部门),多为行政委托 | 国内公共卫生应急的法定统筹执行机构,具备独立法人资格 |
| 国内协调权 | 无强制协调权,仅负责传递信息 | 有权统筹卫健、疾控、海关、交通等部门,制定全国应急方案 |
| 国际对接权 | 仅传递世界卫生组织通知,无独立谈判权 | 代表国家参与世界卫生组织应急磋商,签署双边/多边援助协议;提交本国履约报告 |
), ArticleFig(id=1320438182324323309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438171926643654, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
“国家归口单位”与“国家主管当局”的权责对比
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 权责维度 | 国家归口单位 | 国家主管当局 |
|---|
| 法律地位 | 世界卫生组织与缔约国的“单一联络点”(多为外交部或卫生健康管理 部门的下设部门),多为行政委托 | 国内公共卫生应急的法定统筹执行机构,具备独立法人资格 |
| 国内协调权 | 无强制协调权,仅负责传递信息 | 有权统筹卫健、疾控、海关、交通等部门,制定全国应急方案 |
| 国际对接权 | 仅传递世界卫生组织通知,无独立谈判权 | 代表国家参与世界卫生组织应急磋商,签署双边/多边援助协议;提交本国履约报告 |
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