Article(id=1320438104314467308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320438006813672182, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11847/zgggws1146444, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1731081600000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-09, revisedDate=1746720000000, revisedDateStr=2025-05-09, acceptedDate=1762704000000, acceptedDateStr=2025-11-10, onlineDate=1792746576622, onlineDateStr=2026-10-23, pubDate=1773072000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792746576622, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792746576622, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792746576622, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320438006813672182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, year='2026', volume='42', issue='3', pageStart='257', pageEnd='384', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1773072000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792746553376, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792748100383, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320444495519404406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320438006813672182, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320444495519404407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320438006813672182, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=370, endPage=374, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320438104608068592, articleId=1320438104314467308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=EN, title=Determination of dimethyl oxalate and diethyl oxalate in workplace air by solution absorption-high performance liquid chromatography, columnId=1320438104528376815, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Public Health, columnName=Inspection technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To develop a solution absorption-high performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of dimethyl oxalate and diethyl oxalate in workplace air.

Methods

Air samples were collected by porous glass plate absorption tubes filled with the absorption liquid, separated by a C18 chromatographic column, and detected at the wavelength of 210 nm. The retention time was employed for qualitative analysis, while the peak area was utilized for quantitative analysis.

Results

The concentration-signal response of dimethyl oxalate and diethyl oxalate demonstrated satisfactory linearity within the concentration range of 2 to 100 μg/mL. The results for dimethyl oxalate indicate a regression equation of y = 1 964.2x + 2 383.8 (r > 0.999). The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.28 μg/mL and 0.94 μg/mL, respectively. The intra-assay precision ranged from 0.50% to 5.77%, and the inter-assay precision ranged from 0.83% to 5.83%. The recovery rate of standard additions varied between 98.44% and 99.86%. For diethyl oxalate, the regression equation was y = 2 214.5x + 2 633.9 (r > 0.999). The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.53 μg/mL and 1.76 μg/mL, respectively. The intra-assay precision ranged from 0.68% to 6.40%, while the inter-assay precision ranged from 1.02% to 6.59%. The recovery rate of standard additions varied between 98.93% and 100.63%. Sampling efficiencies for both dimethyl oxalate and diethyl oxalate were 100%. The absorption capacity of dimethyl oxalate was measured at 37.97 mg per 5.0 mL of absorption solution, while that of diethyl oxalate was 24.97 mg per 5.0 mL of absorption solution. The samples can be stored at 4 °C for at least three days.

Conclusions

This method is accurate, reliable, fast, and convenient, and the analytical performance meets the relevant requirements, which indicate that it has good potential for application in safeguarding the health of people occupationally exposed to dimethyl oxalate and diethyl oxalate.

, authors=Zhiliang CHEN1, 2, Jinfeng JIANG1, Weili SONG1, authorsList=Zhiliang CHEN, Jinfeng JIANG, Weili SONG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Weili SONG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
SONG Weili, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Chinese Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320438105488872439, articleId=1320438104314467308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=CN, title=工作场所空气中草酸二甲酯和草酸二乙酯溶液吸收–高效液相色谱法建立, columnId=1320438104696148977, journalTitle=中国公共卫生, columnName=检验技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

建立工作场所空气中草酸二甲酯和草酸二乙酯的溶液吸收–高效液相色谱法。

方法

用装有吸收液的多孔玻板吸收管采集空气样品,经C18色谱柱分离,在210 nm波长下检测,以保留时间定性,峰面积定量。

结果

在2.0~100.0 μg/mL范围内,草酸二甲酯和草酸二乙酯的线性良好。草酸二甲酯回归方程为y=1 964.2x+2 383.8,r>0.999,检出限为0.28 μg/mL,定量下限为0.94 μg/mL,批内精密度为0.50%~5.77%,批间精密度为0.83%~5.83%,加标回收率为98.44%~99.86%;草酸二乙酯回归方程为y=2 214.5x+2 633.9,r>0.999,检出限为0.53 μg/mL,定量下限为1.76 μg/mL,批内精密度为0.68%~6.40%,批间精密度为1.02%~6.59%,加标回收率为98.93%~100.63%;草酸二甲酯和草酸二乙酯的采样效率均为100%;草酸二甲酯的吸收容量为37.97 mg(5.0 mL吸收液),草酸二乙酯的吸收容量为24.97 mg(5.0 mL吸收液);吸收液在4 ℃冰箱可保存3 d。

结论

本方法准确可靠、快速便捷,各项指标均满足规范要求,在保障职业接触人群健康方面具有良好的应用价值。

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陈志亮(1989—),主管技师,博士,研究方向:职业卫生理化检验

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宋为丽,E-mail:
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Limit of detection and limit of quantitation

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化合物检出限/(μg/mL)定量下限/(μg/mL)最低检出浓度(以12 L计,mg/m3)最低定量浓度(以12 L计,mg/m3)
草酸二甲酯0.280.940.120.39
草酸二乙酯0.531.760.220.73
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检出限及定量下限实验结果

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化合物检出限/(μg/mL)定量下限/(μg/mL)最低检出浓度(以12 L计,mg/m3)最低定量浓度(以12 L计,mg/m3)
草酸二甲酯0.280.940.120.39
草酸二乙酯0.531.760.220.73
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Method precision (μg/mL)

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化合物组别测得值均值精密度/%
123456
草酸二甲酯批内3.203.1503.3293.4723.0033.3953.0833.2395.77
42.0040.19642.02742.96542.81742.43642.32642.1282.39
92.0093.45193.42192.55892.62892.86693.64593.0950.50
批间3.203.4723.0033.2743.1133.1162.9853.1615.83
42.0040.19642.02741.57541.87444.54843.89142.3523.77
92.0093.45193.42192.32491.59693.10393.48892.8970.83
草酸二乙酯批内2.402.1602.2252.5032.4392.5352.4062.3786.40
33.0031.85331.89033.09133.66433.08533.01632.7672.23
72.0072.93673.41372.3272.69773.33672.25472.8260.68
批间2.402.4062.4392.6342.2892.7272.6142.5186.59
33.0033.09133.66433.70633.03335.33435.39434.0373.13
72.0072.93673.41372.99773.43974.45574.70673.6581.02
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方法精密度结果(μg/mL)

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化合物组别测得值均值精密度/%
123456
草酸二甲酯批内3.203.1503.3293.4723.0033.3953.0833.2395.77
42.0040.19642.02742.96542.81742.43642.32642.1282.39
92.0093.45193.42192.55892.62892.86693.64593.0950.50
批间3.203.4723.0033.2743.1133.1162.9853.1615.83
42.0040.19642.02741.57541.87444.54843.89142.3523.77
92.0093.45193.42192.32491.59693.10393.48892.8970.83
草酸二乙酯批内2.402.1602.2252.5032.4392.5352.4062.3786.40
33.0031.85331.89033.09133.66433.08533.01632.7672.23
72.0072.93673.41372.3272.69773.33672.25472.8260.68
批间2.402.4062.4392.6342.2892.7272.6142.5186.59
33.0033.09133.66433.70633.03335.33435.39434.0373.13
72.0072.93673.41372.99773.43974.45574.70673.6581.02
), ArticleFig(id=1320438117031596062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438104314467308, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Method recovery rate of standard addition (μg/mL)

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物质加标浓度测得值均值加标回收率/%
第1次第2次第3次
草酸二甲酯3.173.1133.2093.1753.16699.86
42.1842.77941.39642.17842.11899.85
95.0593.54893.75693.38693.56398.44
草酸二乙酯2.422.4142.4372.3312.39498.93
32.1630.84333.10533.03332.327100.52
72.4672.67472.77173.29672.914100.63
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方法加标回收率结果(μg/mL)

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物质加标浓度测得值均值加标回收率/%
第1次第2次第3次
草酸二甲酯3.173.1133.2093.1753.16699.86
42.1842.77941.39642.17842.11899.85
95.0593.54893.75693.38693.56398.44
草酸二乙酯2.422.4142.4372.3312.39498.93
32.1630.84333.10533.03332.327100.52
72.4672.67472.77173.29672.914100.63
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工作场所空气中草酸二甲酯和草酸二乙酯溶液吸收–高效液相色谱法建立
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陈志亮 1, 2 , 江金凤 1 , 宋为丽 1, *, *
中国公共卫生 | 检验技术 2026,42(3): 370-374
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中国公共卫生 |检验技术 2026 , 42 (3) : 370 -374
工作场所空气中草酸二甲酯和草酸二乙酯溶液吸收–高效液相色谱法建立
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陈志亮1, 2, 江金凤1, 宋为丽1, *, *
作者信息
  • 1武汉市职业病防治院,武汉 430015
  • 2武汉科技大学职业危害识别与控制湖北省重点实验室,武汉 430065
通讯作者:
宋为丽,E-mail:
作者简介:

陈志亮(1989—),主管技师,博士,研究方向:职业卫生理化检验

Determination of dimethyl oxalate and diethyl oxalate in workplace air by solution absorption-high performance liquid chromatography
Zhiliang CHEN1, 2, Jinfeng JIANG1, Weili SONG1
Affiliations
  • 1Wuhan Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Wuhan 430015, China
  • 2Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupation Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    SONG Weili, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-03-10 doi: 10.11847/zgggws1146444
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目的

建立工作场所空气中草酸二甲酯和草酸二乙酯的溶液吸收–高效液相色谱法。

方法

用装有吸收液的多孔玻板吸收管采集空气样品,经C18色谱柱分离,在210 nm波长下检测,以保留时间定性,峰面积定量。

结果

在2.0~100.0 μg/mL范围内,草酸二甲酯和草酸二乙酯的线性良好。草酸二甲酯回归方程为y=1 964.2x+2 383.8,r>0.999,检出限为0.28 μg/mL,定量下限为0.94 μg/mL,批内精密度为0.50%~5.77%,批间精密度为0.83%~5.83%,加标回收率为98.44%~99.86%;草酸二乙酯回归方程为y=2 214.5x+2 633.9,r>0.999,检出限为0.53 μg/mL,定量下限为1.76 μg/mL,批内精密度为0.68%~6.40%,批间精密度为1.02%~6.59%,加标回收率为98.93%~100.63%;草酸二甲酯和草酸二乙酯的采样效率均为100%;草酸二甲酯的吸收容量为37.97 mg(5.0 mL吸收液),草酸二乙酯的吸收容量为24.97 mg(5.0 mL吸收液);吸收液在4 ℃冰箱可保存3 d。

结论

本方法准确可靠、快速便捷,各项指标均满足规范要求,在保障职业接触人群健康方面具有良好的应用价值。

草酸二甲酯  /  草酸二乙酯  /  溶液吸收  /  高效液相色谱法  /  工作场所
Objective

To develop a solution absorption-high performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of dimethyl oxalate and diethyl oxalate in workplace air.

Methods

Air samples were collected by porous glass plate absorption tubes filled with the absorption liquid, separated by a C18 chromatographic column, and detected at the wavelength of 210 nm. The retention time was employed for qualitative analysis, while the peak area was utilized for quantitative analysis.

Results

The concentration-signal response of dimethyl oxalate and diethyl oxalate demonstrated satisfactory linearity within the concentration range of 2 to 100 μg/mL. The results for dimethyl oxalate indicate a regression equation of y = 1 964.2x + 2 383.8 (r > 0.999). The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.28 μg/mL and 0.94 μg/mL, respectively. The intra-assay precision ranged from 0.50% to 5.77%, and the inter-assay precision ranged from 0.83% to 5.83%. The recovery rate of standard additions varied between 98.44% and 99.86%. For diethyl oxalate, the regression equation was y = 2 214.5x + 2 633.9 (r > 0.999). The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.53 μg/mL and 1.76 μg/mL, respectively. The intra-assay precision ranged from 0.68% to 6.40%, while the inter-assay precision ranged from 1.02% to 6.59%. The recovery rate of standard additions varied between 98.93% and 100.63%. Sampling efficiencies for both dimethyl oxalate and diethyl oxalate were 100%. The absorption capacity of dimethyl oxalate was measured at 37.97 mg per 5.0 mL of absorption solution, while that of diethyl oxalate was 24.97 mg per 5.0 mL of absorption solution. The samples can be stored at 4 °C for at least three days.

Conclusions

This method is accurate, reliable, fast, and convenient, and the analytical performance meets the relevant requirements, which indicate that it has good potential for application in safeguarding the health of people occupationally exposed to dimethyl oxalate and diethyl oxalate.

dimethyl oxalate  /  diethyl oxalate  /  solution absorption  /  high performance liquid chromatography  /  workplace
陈志亮, 江金凤, 宋为丽. 工作场所空气中草酸二甲酯和草酸二乙酯溶液吸收–高效液相色谱法建立. 中国公共卫生, 2026 , 42 (3) : 370 -374 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1146444
Zhiliang CHEN, Jinfeng JIANG, Weili SONG. Determination of dimethyl oxalate and diethyl oxalate in workplace air by solution absorption-high performance liquid chromatography[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2026 , 42 (3) : 370 -374 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1146444
草酸二甲酯作为重要的化工原料,已广泛用于医药、农药、增塑剂等有机合成[1–3]。截至2020年,国内煤制草酸二甲酯产能已经达到了2 000万吨/年[4]。劳动者在生产过程中接触的草酸二甲酯可通过吸入、食入、经皮吸收等途径侵入体内,不仅对眼、皮肤、吸收道黏膜等产生刺激作用,也对中枢神经产生麻痹作用。2013—2020年,国内报道了6起草酸二甲酯急性中毒事件,导致中毒21例、死亡2例,其中毒的主要临床表现为急性肾损伤[5–10]。草酸二乙酯是一种与草酸二甲酯性质类似的化合物,常作为有机合成溶剂。草酸二乙酯能够损害黏膜和皮肤,引起咳嗽、头痛、恶心呕吐。通过中国知网、万方知识服务平台、维普期刊资源整合服务平台等数据库进行检索,截至2025年5月国内有1例草酸二乙酯误服中毒的报道[11]。查阅相关文献,发现草酸二甲酯和草酸二乙酯的检测方法有液相色谱法和气相色谱质谱法,主要用于测定生产过程中产生的草酸二甲酯和草酸二乙酯[12–14],而相关职业卫生检测方法尚未制定。因此,亟需建立工作场所空气中草酸二甲酯和草酸二乙酯的检测方法,为职业接触者健康提供保障。本研究依据GBZ/T 210.4—2008《职业卫生标准制定指南第4部分:工作场所空气中化学物质测定方法》[15]的相关要求,建立了工作场所空气中草酸二甲酯和草酸二乙酯的溶液吸收–高效液相色谱法,该方法准确、可靠、灵敏、操作简便,具有良好的推广价值。
高效液相色谱仪(e2695,美国Waters公司),紫外–可见光分光光度计(TU-1901,北京普析通用仪器有限公司),电子天平(BS223S,德国Sartorius公司),空气采样器(EM-300,深圳国技仪器有限公司),低温转运箱(Y40,广东英得尔实业发展有限公司)。针头式过滤器(有机相,0.22 μm)、草酸二甲酯(99.0%)、草酸二乙酯(98.0%)、乙腈(HPLC)均购于上海安谱实验科技股份有限公司,多孔玻板吸收管购于南通金南玻仪五金厂,实验用水为超纯水(电阻率≥18.25 MΩ‧cm)。自制采样发生装置:包括三口烧瓶、水浴锅、冷凝回流装置、硅胶软管、空气采样器和加湿器;将冷凝回流装置与三口烧瓶连接,置于水浴锅中,取适量的草酸二甲酯、草酸二乙酯标准品于三口烧瓶中,通过设置不同加热温度和加湿器档位模拟不同浓度和湿度条件下采样。将串联的装有吸收液的多孔玻板吸收管通过硅胶软管分别连接三口烧瓶出气口与空气采样泵,进行样品采集。
C18色谱柱(5 μm,4.6 mm×250 mm);流动相为乙腈/水(45:55,v/v),流速1.0 mL/min;柱温30 ℃;进样量10.0 uL;紫外检测波长210 nm。
按照《工作场所空气中有害物质监测的采样规范:GBZ 159—2004》[16]要求进行现场采样。短时间采样:在采样点,用装有5.0 mL吸收液的多孔玻板吸收管,以200 mL/min流量采集15 min;长时间采样:在采样点,用装有5.0 mL吸收液的多孔玻板吸收管,以100 mL/min流量采集≤120 min,同时制作样品空白。采样后,立即封闭吸收管的进出气口,在低温转运箱中(4 ℃)运输和保存,样品在4 ℃条件下可保存3 d。
(1)标准曲线的绘制:分别准确称取一定量的草酸二甲酯和草酸二乙酯至10 mL容量瓶中,加入适量流动相溶解,定容至刻度,此溶液为混合标准贮备液,临用前,用流动相稀释成500.0 μg/mL的混合标准应用液。取5支10 mL容量瓶,分别加入0.0~2.0 mL混合标准应用液,加入流动相至刻度,配制成浓度为2.0、10.0、20.0、50.0、100.0 μg/mL的混合标准系列溶液。将仪器调节至最佳状态,进样10.0 μL,分别测定标准系列各浓度的峰面积,以各物质的浓度(μg/mL)及其对应的峰面积绘制标准曲线。(2)样品处理及测定:用吸收管中的吸收液洗涤进气管内壁3次,将吸收液全部吹入比色管中,用空白吸收液补充至5 mL,混匀,样品经过滤后测定。在仪器最佳条件下,测定样品溶液和空白溶液,测得的峰面积值依据标准曲线分别获得样品溶液中草酸二甲酯和草酸二乙酯的浓度。
根据以下公式进行计算:
$ C=\frac{c_0v}{{{{V}}_0}} $
其中,C为工作场所空气中草酸二甲酯或草酸二乙酯的浓度,mg/m3;c0为测得样品溶液中草酸二甲酯或草酸二乙酯的浓度(减去样品空白),μg/mL;v为样品溶液的体积,mL,本方法体积为5.0 mL;V0为标准采样体积,L。
利用紫外–可见光分光光度计对草酸二甲酯和草酸二乙酯溶液分别进行全波长扫描,发现草酸二甲酯和草酸二乙酯的最大吸收波长均在210 nm处,故选择210 nm作为最佳检测波长。
根据草酸二甲酯和草酸二乙酯的理化性质对色谱条件进行优化。选择通用的C18色谱柱作为分离柱,对流动相进行优化选择。实验过程中发现,草酸二甲酯在乙醇溶液中、草酸二乙酯在甲醇溶液中均不稳定,最终选用乙腈和水作为流动相,且流速为1.0 mL/min。分别对乙腈(30%~55%)和水(70%~45%)进行优化,根据峰形、分离效果和保留时间,确定流动相为乙腈/水(45:55,v/v)。因此,本方法选择C18色谱柱为分离柱,紫外检测波长210 nm,流动相为乙腈/水(45:55,v/v),流速1.0 mL/min,等度洗脱,柱温30 ℃,进样量10.0 µL。
为满足“时间加权平均容许浓度”(permissible concentration-time weighted average, PC-TWA)的要求,首先选取硅胶管、活性炭管、XAD-2复合管和XAD-7复合管等固体吸附剂进行筛选。结果表明,XAD-2和XAD-7复合管介质中存在较多杂峰,易干扰目标物;活性炭管吸附能力较硅胶管低;硅胶管采样效率高、空白干扰少。因此建立了硅胶管采集、乙腈解吸的液相色谱法[17],但在方法验证过程中发现草酸二甲酯的解吸效率不甚理想(解吸效率为68.2%~78.9%)。因此,本方法进一步改进了草酸二甲酯和草酸二乙酯的溶液吸收–高效液相色谱法,选取流动相乙腈/水(45:55,v/v)作为吸收液,每只多孔玻板吸收管中装5.0 mL,同时采集工作场所空气中的草酸二甲酯和草酸二乙酯。
按照标准曲线绘制方法配制混合标准系列溶液,在仪器最优条件下测定,以各物质的浓度及其对应的峰面积计算回归方程,在2.0~100.0 μg/mL的范围内,草酸二甲酯:y=1964.2x+2 383.8,r>0.999;草酸二乙酯:y=2 214.5x+2 633.9,r>0.999。配制浓度为1.50 μg/mL的草酸二甲酯和草酸二乙酯混合溶液,在仪器最佳测定条件下,连续测定10次,以峰面积的3倍标准差对应的浓度作为检出限,10倍标准差对应的浓度为定量下限。由表1可知,草酸二甲酯的检出限为0.28 μg/mL,定量下限为0.94 μg/mL,最低检出浓度(以12 L计)为0.12 mg/m3,最低定量浓度(以12 L计)为0.39 mg/m3;草酸二乙酯的检出限为0.53 μg/mL,定量下限为1.76 μg/mL,最低检出浓度(以12 L计)为0.22 mg/m3,最低定量浓度(以12 L计)为0.73 mg/m3。
利用空白吸收液将在发生装置内采集的草酸二甲酯和草酸二乙酯溶液稀释成低、中、高三种浓度的样品,每组6支,在3~5 d内进行6次重复测定,分别计算批内精密度和批间精密度。结果表明(表2),草酸二甲酯的批内精密度为0.50%~5.77%,批间精密度为0.83%~5.83%;草酸二乙酯的批内精密度为0.68%~6.40%,批间精密度为1.02%~6.59%。
用吸收液分别配制低、中、高三种不同浓度的草酸二甲酯和草酸二乙酯混合溶液,在仪器最佳条件下各测定3次,由平均值计算加标回收率。结果表明(表3),草酸二甲酯的加标回收率为98.44%~99.86%,草酸二乙酯的加标回收率为98.93%~100.63%。
取一定量的草酸二甲酯和草酸二乙酯于带有冷凝管的三口烧瓶中,85 ℃加热,空气湿度≥80%。将三角烧瓶的另两个口分别连接串联了各装5.0 mL吸收液的多孔玻板吸收管,再连接采样泵,以200 mL/min流量采集15 min,以100 mL/min流量采集120、240 min。采集结束后,将多孔玻板吸收管前、后管中的吸收液分别移至比色管中,定容至5.0 mL,其中采集240 min的吸收液损失约2.0 mL,将定容后的溶液过滤,测定。结果表明,以200 mL/min流量采集15 min,100 mL/min流量采集240 min,后管吸收液中均未检出草酸二甲酯,采样效率为100%。计算5.0 mL吸收液对草酸二甲酯的吸收容量为37.97 mg,换算成空气中浓度为1 582.1 mg/m3。同样,以200 mL/min流量采集15 min,100 mL/min流量采集240 min,后管吸收液中均未检出草酸二乙酯,采样效率为100%。计算5.0 mL吸收液对草酸二乙酯的吸收容量为24.97 mg,换算成空气中浓度为1 040.4 mg/m3。
配制了低、中、高3种浓度的草酸二甲酯和草酸二乙酯混合吸收液,各取5.0 mL置于多孔玻板吸收管中,在室温、4 ℃冰箱分别保存,于当天、第1天、第3天、第5天、第7天各测定1组,以当天测定结果为100%,分别计算不同保存时间的下降率,以下降率不大于10%者为保存天数。结果表明,室温条件下存放第1天低浓度组的草酸二甲酯和草酸二乙酯浓度下降率均超过10%,因此,室温条件不宜存放。而保存在4 ℃冰箱中的低浓度组草酸二甲酯和草酸二乙酯在第5天时浓度下降率超过10%,因此,吸收液在4 ℃冰箱可保存3 d。
根据生产工艺和使用情况,在草酸二甲酯、草酸二乙酯的生产和使用现场中可能共存的物质有草酸、碳酸二甲酯、丙二酸二乙酯[18–19]。依照本方法条件对草酸二甲酯、草酸二乙酯和上述干扰物质同时进行测定,实验发现,草酸、碳酸二甲酯在本方法条件下无色谱峰出现,丙二酸二乙酯的色谱峰能与目标物有效分离(图1:草酸二甲酯色谱峰保留时间3.66 min,草酸二乙酯色谱峰保留时间5.87 min,丙二酸二乙酯色谱峰保留时间6.44 min)。因此共存干扰物不影响草酸二甲酯、草酸二乙酯的测定。
作为重要的化工原料,草酸二甲酯和草酸二乙酯通过吸入、食入、经皮吸收等途径侵入体内,对眼、皮肤、吸收道黏膜等产生刺激作用,对中枢神经产生麻痹作用[20],已造成了多起急性中毒事件[5–11,20]。本研究通过优化色谱条件和采样介质,建立了工作场所空气中草酸二甲酯和草酸二乙酯的溶液吸收–高效液相色谱法,为保护劳动者健康提供了技术保障。在色谱条件优化过程中,分别使用了甲醇、乙醇、乙腈等有机相,实验发现,草酸二甲酯在乙醇溶液中、草酸二乙酯在甲醇溶液中均不稳定。选用乙腈和水作为流动相,C18色谱柱能较好地分离草酸二甲酯、草酸二乙酯及其干扰物[12,17]。在采样介质优化过程中,发现XAD-2和XAD-7复合管介质中存在较多杂峰,易干扰目标物;而活性炭管吸附能力相对较弱;硅胶管吸附能力较强,但其中草酸二甲酯的解吸效率不甚理想。因此,选取流动相乙腈/水(45:55,v/v)作为吸收液。该方法的各项指标均符合《GBZ/T 210.4—2008:职业卫生标准制定指南第4部分:工作场所空气中化学物质测定方法》[15]的相关要求。
本研究以乙腈/水溶液采集,C18色谱柱分离,紫外检测器测定,建立了工作场所空气中草酸二甲酯和草酸二乙酯的溶液吸收–高效液相色谱法。本方法准确可靠、快速便捷,各项指标均满足规范要求,适用于工作场所空气中草酸二甲酯和草酸二乙酯的采集与测定,具有良好的应用价值。

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2026年第42卷第3期
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doi: 10.11847/zgggws1146444
  • 接收时间:2024-11-09
  • 首发时间:2026-10-23
  • 出版时间:2026-03-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-09
  • 修回日期:2025-05-09
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    1武汉市职业病防治院,武汉 430015
    2武汉科技大学职业危害识别与控制湖北省重点实验室,武汉 430065

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宋为丽,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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