Article(id=1320438076661416259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320438006813672182, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11847/zgggws1147795, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1750867200000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-26, revisedDate=1754841600000, revisedDateStr=2025-08-11, acceptedDate=1757952000000, acceptedDateStr=2025-09-16, onlineDate=1792746570029, onlineDateStr=2026-10-23, pubDate=1773072000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792746570029, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792746570029, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792746570029, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320438006813672182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, year='2026', volume='42', issue='3', pageStart='257', pageEnd='384', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1773072000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792746553376, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792748100383, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320444495519404406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320438006813672182, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320444495519404407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320438006813672182, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=325, endPage=331, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320438076841771332, articleId=1320438076661416259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=EN, title=Vaccination rate and willingness for herpes zoster among the elderly in Ningbo city: a network questionnaire survey, columnId=1320427686514770171, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Public Health, columnName=Survey and Report, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the vaccination rate and willingness for herpes zoster (HZ) among the elderly in Ningbo city, as well as the influencing factors.

Methods

From March to June 2024 A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to select older adults aged ≥ 60 years from 10 districts/counties in Ningbo between March and June 2024 for a questionnaire survey. The awareness rates of HZ and its vaccine, vaccination rate, vaccination willingness, and influencing factors were analyzed.

Results

A total of 4 619 older adults were included in the study. The HZ vaccination rate among the surveyed population was 1.04% (48/4619). The primary reason for non-vaccination was lack of awareness about the HZ vaccine (61.63%), followed by perceived lack of necessity (25.89%). Of the elderly, 33.54% (1 533/4 571) expressed willingness to consider HZ vaccination in the future. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that higher HZ vaccination rates were associated with the male gender (OR = 7.063, 95%CI: 3.172–15.727), age ≥ 75 years (OR = 13.289, 95%CI: 5.371–32.878), education background of senior high school or above (OR = 4.022, 95%CI: 1.726–9.374), absence of underlying diseases (OR = 7.299, 95%CI: 3.175–16.949), self-rated health as "relatively good" (compared to "good", OR = 8.667, 95%CI: 2.690–27.924), knowledge score ≥ average (OR = 13.564, 95%CI: 3.120–58.958), and prior introduction of the vaccine by healthcare providers (OR = 3.892, 95%CI: 1.860–8.144). Among unvaccinated respondents, higher willingness for HZ vaccination was observed among residents aged ≥ 75 years (OR = 1.531, 95%CI: 1.323–1.773), with education background of junior high school or below (OR = 1.515, 95%CI: 1.206–1.901), no history of immune-related diseases (OR = 2.725, 95%CI: 1.517–4.902), knowledge score ≥ average (OR = 2.236, 95%CI: 1.943–2.572), and prior introduction of the vaccine by healthcare providers (OR = 3.476, 95%CI: 3.022–3.998).

Conclusions

The vaccination rate and willingness for HZ among the elderly in Ningbo are generally low. It is recommended that efforts should be made to enhance health education to improve vaccine awareness and strengthen healthcare professionals' advocacy for vaccination. Additionally, proactive efforts should be made to promote vaccination for HZ among elderly individuals with underlying diseases.

, authors=Yingying ZHU1, Zhenbo TAO1, Qianqian XU1, Lingwei CHEN1, Yuhong LI2, Ying DONG1, Hongwei FENG1, authorsList=Yingying ZHU, Zhenbo TAO, Qianqian XU, Lingwei CHEN, Yuhong LI, Ying DONG, Hongwei FENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ying DONG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
DONG Ying, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Chinese Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320438077659660619, articleId=1320438076661416259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=CN, title=宁波市老年人带状疱疹疫苗接种率及接种意愿:一项网络问卷调查, columnId=1320427686770622717, journalTitle=中国公共卫生, columnName=调查报告与分析, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

了解宁波市≥60岁老年人带状疱疹(HZ)疫苗接种率和接种意愿及其影响因素。

方法

于2024年3—6月采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法选取宁波市10个县(市、区)≥60岁的老年人进行问卷调查,了解带状疱疹病毒及其疫苗知识的知晓率,分析接种率、接种意愿及其影响因素。

结果

共有4 619名老年人纳入研究。调查对象HZ疫苗接种率为1.04%(48/4 619),未接种的主要原因是没听说过HZ疫苗(61.63%),其次是感觉没有必要(25.89%)。33.54%(1 533/4 571)的老年人表示未来会考虑接种HZ疫苗。多因素logistic回归分析显示,男性(OR=7.063,95%CI=3.172~15.727)、≥75岁年龄(OR=13.289,95%CI=5.371~32.878)、高中及以上文化程度(OR=4.022,95%CI=1.726~9.374)、无基础性疾病(OR=7.299,95%CI=3.175~16.949)、自我健康评估为较好(与“好”比较)(OR=8.667,95%CI=2.690~27.924)、知识得分≥平均分(OR=13.564,95%CI= 3.120~58.958)、医生介绍过本疫苗(OR=3.892,95%CI=1.860~8.144)的老年人HZ疫苗接种率更高;在尚未接种HZ疫苗的调查对象中,年龄≥75岁(OR=1.531,95%CI=1.323~1.773)、初中及以下文化程度(OR=1.515,95%CI=1.206~1.901)、无免疫性疾病既往史(OR=2.725,95%CI=1.517~4.902)、知识得分≥平均分(OR=2.236,95%CI=1.943~2.572)、医生介绍过HZ疫苗(OR=3.476,95%CI=3.022~3.998)的老年人HZ疫苗接种意愿更高。

结论

宁波市老年人HZ疫苗接种率和接种意愿总体较低。建议未来通过加强健康教育提高接种疫苗认知度,并强化医务人员对HZ疫苗接种的引导作用。此外,需积极推动有基础疾病老年人的HV疫苗预防接种工作。

, authors=朱莹莹1, 陶臻博1, 徐倩倩1, 陈玲慰1, 李玉红2, 董莹1, *, *, 冯宏伟1, authorsList=朱莹莹, 陶臻博, 徐倩倩, 陈玲慰, 李玉红, 董莹, 冯宏伟, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=董莹, authorNote=

朱莹莹(1987—),副主任医师,硕士,研究方向:健康教育与健康促进

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董莹,E-mail:
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Facilitators and barriers for vaccination in patients with inflammatory rheumatic musculoskeletal diseases: a prospective cohort study[J]. RMD Open, 2023, 9(2): e002875., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320438090439705010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438076661416259, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=42, rfOrder=41, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Aberumand B, Dyck B A, Towheed T. Identifying perceptions and barriers regarding vaccination in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a Canadian perspective[J]. 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RMD Open, 2019, 5(2): e001041, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320438077881958732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438076661416259, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320438077894541645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438076661416259, companyId=1320438077881958732, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320438077907124558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438076661416259, companyId=1320438077881958732, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1宁波市疾病预防控制中心,宁波 315000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320438077965844815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438076661416259, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320438077974233424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438076661416259, companyId=1320438077965844815, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Xinming Community Health Service Center, Ningbo 315000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320438077982622033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438076661416259, companyId=1320438077965844815, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2宁波市高新区新明街道社区卫生服务中心,宁波 315000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320438082306949505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438076661416259, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Univariate analysis of vaccination rate for herpes zoster among the elderly in Ningbo city

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征分类调查人数接种人数接种率/%χ2值P值
性别女性2 22380.36019.230<0.001
男性2 396401.669
年龄/岁60~743 276260.7946.6050.010
≥751 343221.638
婚姻未婚/离异/分居/丧偶87110.1158.9190.003
已婚3748471.254
独居是87510.1148.9800.003
否3744471.255
文化程度初中及以下4103350.85312.376<0.001
高中及以上516132.519
月收入/元<50003956280.70829.433<0.001
≥5000663203.017
基础疾病无862222.55223.591<0.001
有3757260.692
免疫性疾病既往史无4539481.058/>0.05
有8000.000
神经系统性疾病无4617481.040/>0.05
有200.000
健康自我评估好66940.59864.507<0.001
较好1 625432.646
一般及以下2 32510.043
知识得分<平均分2 24720.08938.414<0.001
≥平均分2 372461.939
医生介绍过HZ疫苗否3 043150.49325.877<0.001
是1 576332.094
), ArticleFig(id=1320438082382446978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438076661416259, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

宁波市老年人带状疱疹疫苗接种率的单因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征分类调查人数接种人数接种率/%χ2值P值
性别女性2 22380.36019.230<0.001
男性2 396401.669
年龄/岁60~743 276260.7946.6050.010
≥751 343221.638
婚姻未婚/离异/分居/丧偶87110.1158.9190.003
已婚3748471.254
独居是87510.1148.9800.003
否3744471.255
文化程度初中及以下4103350.85312.376<0.001
高中及以上516132.519
月收入/元<50003956280.70829.433<0.001
≥5000663203.017
基础疾病无862222.55223.591<0.001
有3757260.692
免疫性疾病既往史无4539481.058/>0.05
有8000.000
神经系统性疾病无4617481.040/>0.05
有200.000
健康自我评估好66940.59864.507<0.001
较好1 625432.646
一般及以下2 32510.043
知识得分<平均分2 24720.08938.414<0.001
≥平均分2 372461.939
医生介绍过HZ疫苗否3 043150.49325.877<0.001
是1 576332.094
), ArticleFig(id=1320438082466333059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438076661416259, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Multivariate analysis of vaccination status for herpes zoster among the elderly in Ningbo city

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目比较组对照组β $ S_{\overline{x}} $Wald χ2值P值OR值95%CI
性别男性女性1.9550.40822.906<0.0017.0633.172~15.727
年龄/岁≥7560~742.5870.46231.325<0.00113.2895.371~32.878
文化程度高中及以上初中及以下1.3920.43210.3950.0014.0221.726~9.374
基础疾病有无–1.9880.42621.829<0.0010.1370.059~0.315
自我健康评估较好好2.1590.59713.086<0.0018.6672.690~27.924
一般及以下–2.4831.1564.6110.0320.0830.009~0.805
知识得分≥平均分<平均分2.6070.75012.0950.00113.5643.120~59.958
医生推荐有无1.3590.37713.014<0.0013.8921.860~8.144
), ArticleFig(id=1320438082546024836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438076661416259, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

宁波市老年人带状疱疹疫苗接种情况的多因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目比较组对照组β $ S_{\overline{x}} $Wald χ2值P值OR值95%CI
性别男性女性1.9550.40822.906<0.0017.0633.172~15.727
年龄/岁≥7560~742.5870.46231.325<0.00113.2895.371~32.878
文化程度高中及以上初中及以下1.3920.43210.3950.0014.0221.726~9.374
基础疾病有无–1.9880.42621.829<0.0010.1370.059~0.315
自我健康评估较好好2.1590.59713.086<0.0018.6672.690~27.924
一般及以下–2.4831.1564.6110.0320.0830.009~0.805
知识得分≥平均分<平均分2.6070.75012.0950.00113.5643.120~59.958
医生推荐有无1.3590.37713.014<0.0013.8921.860~8.144
), ArticleFig(id=1320438082642493829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438076661416259, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Univariate analysis of vaccination willingness for herpes zoster among the elderly in Ningbo city

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征分类调查人数愿意接种人数接种意愿率/%χ2值P值
性别女性2 21578235.3056.0210.014
男性2 35675131.876
年龄/岁60~743 2501 03331.78515.502<0.001
≥751 32150037.850
婚姻未婚/离异/分居/丧偶87027531.6091.7930.181
已婚37011 25833.991
是否独居是87430134.4390.3940.530
否36971 23233.324
文化程度初中及以下40681 40034.41512.768<0.001
高中及以上50313326.441
月收入/元<500039281 29632.9943.7020.054
≥500064323736.858
基础疾病无84027933.2140.0480.826
有37311 25433.610
免疫性疾病既往史无44911 51833.8017.9880.005
有801518.750
神经系统性疾病无45691 53333.552/0.554
有200.000
健康自我评估好66520731.1284.9930.082
较好1 58256235.525
一般及以下2 32476432.874
知识得分<平均分2 24548621.648279.789<0.001
≥平均分2 3261 04745.013
医生介绍过本疫苗否302868822.721470.812<0.001
是1 54384554.763
), ArticleFig(id=1320438082713796998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438076661416259, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

宁波市老年人带状疱疹疫苗接种意愿的单因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征分类调查人数愿意接种人数接种意愿率/%χ2值P值
性别女性2 21578235.3056.0210.014
男性2 35675131.876
年龄/岁60~743 2501 03331.78515.502<0.001
≥751 32150037.850
婚姻未婚/离异/分居/丧偶87027531.6091.7930.181
已婚37011 25833.991
是否独居是87430134.4390.3940.530
否36971 23233.324
文化程度初中及以下40681 40034.41512.768<0.001
高中及以上50313326.441
月收入/元<500039281 29632.9943.7020.054
≥500064323736.858
基础疾病无84027933.2140.0480.826
有37311 25433.610
免疫性疾病既往史无44911 51833.8017.9880.005
有801518.750
神经系统性疾病无45691 53333.552/0.554
有200.000
健康自我评估好66520731.1284.9930.082
较好1 58256235.525
一般及以下2 32476432.874
知识得分<平均分2 24548621.648279.789<0.001
≥平均分2 3261 04745.013
医生介绍过本疫苗否302868822.721470.812<0.001
是1 54384554.763
), ArticleFig(id=1320438082785100167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438076661416259, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Multivariate analysis of vaccination willingness for herpes zoster among the elderly in Ningbo city

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目比较组对照组β $ S_{\overline{x}} $Wald χ2值P值OR值95%CI
年龄/岁≥7560~740.4260.07532.582<0.0011.5311.323~1.773
文化程度高中及以上初中及以下–0.4150.11612.841<0.0010.6600.526~0.829
免疫性疾病既往史有无–1.0030.29911.2600.0010.3670.204~0.659
知识得分≥平均分<平均分0.8050.071126.645<0.0012.2361.943~2.572
医生推荐有无1.2460.071304.287<0.0013.4763.022~3.998
), ArticleFig(id=1320438082860597640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438076661416259, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

宁波市老年人带状疱疹疫苗接种意愿的多因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目比较组对照组β $ S_{\overline{x}} $Wald χ2值P值OR值95%CI
年龄/岁≥7560~740.4260.07532.582<0.0011.5311.323~1.773
文化程度高中及以上初中及以下–0.4150.11612.841<0.0010.6600.526~0.829
免疫性疾病既往史有无–1.0030.29911.2600.0010.3670.204~0.659
知识得分≥平均分<平均分0.8050.071126.645<0.0012.2361.943~2.572
医生推荐有无1.2460.071304.287<0.0013.4763.022~3.998
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宁波市老年人带状疱疹疫苗接种率及接种意愿:一项网络问卷调查
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朱莹莹 1 , 陶臻博 1 , 徐倩倩 1 , 陈玲慰 1 , 李玉红 2 , 董莹 1, *, * , 冯宏伟 1
中国公共卫生 | 调查报告与分析 2026,42(3): 325-331
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中国公共卫生 |调查报告与分析 2026 , 42 (3) : 325 -331
宁波市老年人带状疱疹疫苗接种率及接种意愿:一项网络问卷调查
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朱莹莹1, 陶臻博1, 徐倩倩1, 陈玲慰1, 李玉红2, 董莹1, *, * , 冯宏伟1
作者信息
  • 1宁波市疾病预防控制中心,宁波 315000
  • 2宁波市高新区新明街道社区卫生服务中心,宁波 315000
通讯作者:
董莹,E-mail:
作者简介:

朱莹莹(1987—),副主任医师,硕士,研究方向:健康教育与健康促进

Vaccination rate and willingness for herpes zoster among the elderly in Ningbo city: a network questionnaire survey
Yingying ZHU1, Zhenbo TAO1, Qianqian XU1, Lingwei CHEN1, Yuhong LI2, Ying DONG1 , Hongwei FENG1
Affiliations
  • 1Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315000, China
  • 2Xinming Community Health Service Center, Ningbo 315000, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    DONG Ying, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-03-10 doi: 10.11847/zgggws1147795
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目的

了解宁波市≥60岁老年人带状疱疹(HZ)疫苗接种率和接种意愿及其影响因素。

方法

于2024年3—6月采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法选取宁波市10个县(市、区)≥60岁的老年人进行问卷调查,了解带状疱疹病毒及其疫苗知识的知晓率,分析接种率、接种意愿及其影响因素。

结果

共有4 619名老年人纳入研究。调查对象HZ疫苗接种率为1.04%(48/4 619),未接种的主要原因是没听说过HZ疫苗(61.63%),其次是感觉没有必要(25.89%)。33.54%(1 533/4 571)的老年人表示未来会考虑接种HZ疫苗。多因素logistic回归分析显示,男性(OR=7.063,95%CI=3.172~15.727)、≥75岁年龄(OR=13.289,95%CI=5.371~32.878)、高中及以上文化程度(OR=4.022,95%CI=1.726~9.374)、无基础性疾病(OR=7.299,95%CI=3.175~16.949)、自我健康评估为较好(与“好”比较)(OR=8.667,95%CI=2.690~27.924)、知识得分≥平均分(OR=13.564,95%CI= 3.120~58.958)、医生介绍过本疫苗(OR=3.892,95%CI=1.860~8.144)的老年人HZ疫苗接种率更高;在尚未接种HZ疫苗的调查对象中,年龄≥75岁(OR=1.531,95%CI=1.323~1.773)、初中及以下文化程度(OR=1.515,95%CI=1.206~1.901)、无免疫性疾病既往史(OR=2.725,95%CI=1.517~4.902)、知识得分≥平均分(OR=2.236,95%CI=1.943~2.572)、医生介绍过HZ疫苗(OR=3.476,95%CI=3.022~3.998)的老年人HZ疫苗接种意愿更高。

结论

宁波市老年人HZ疫苗接种率和接种意愿总体较低。建议未来通过加强健康教育提高接种疫苗认知度,并强化医务人员对HZ疫苗接种的引导作用。此外,需积极推动有基础疾病老年人的HV疫苗预防接种工作。

带状疱疹疫苗  /  接种率  /  接种意愿  /  老年人  /  影响因素  /  宁波市
Objective

To investigate the vaccination rate and willingness for herpes zoster (HZ) among the elderly in Ningbo city, as well as the influencing factors.

Methods

From March to June 2024 A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to select older adults aged ≥ 60 years from 10 districts/counties in Ningbo between March and June 2024 for a questionnaire survey. The awareness rates of HZ and its vaccine, vaccination rate, vaccination willingness, and influencing factors were analyzed.

Results

A total of 4 619 older adults were included in the study. The HZ vaccination rate among the surveyed population was 1.04% (48/4619). The primary reason for non-vaccination was lack of awareness about the HZ vaccine (61.63%), followed by perceived lack of necessity (25.89%). Of the elderly, 33.54% (1 533/4 571) expressed willingness to consider HZ vaccination in the future. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that higher HZ vaccination rates were associated with the male gender (OR = 7.063, 95%CI: 3.172–15.727), age ≥ 75 years (OR = 13.289, 95%CI: 5.371–32.878), education background of senior high school or above (OR = 4.022, 95%CI: 1.726–9.374), absence of underlying diseases (OR = 7.299, 95%CI: 3.175–16.949), self-rated health as "relatively good" (compared to "good", OR = 8.667, 95%CI: 2.690–27.924), knowledge score ≥ average (OR = 13.564, 95%CI: 3.120–58.958), and prior introduction of the vaccine by healthcare providers (OR = 3.892, 95%CI: 1.860–8.144). Among unvaccinated respondents, higher willingness for HZ vaccination was observed among residents aged ≥ 75 years (OR = 1.531, 95%CI: 1.323–1.773), with education background of junior high school or below (OR = 1.515, 95%CI: 1.206–1.901), no history of immune-related diseases (OR = 2.725, 95%CI: 1.517–4.902), knowledge score ≥ average (OR = 2.236, 95%CI: 1.943–2.572), and prior introduction of the vaccine by healthcare providers (OR = 3.476, 95%CI: 3.022–3.998).

Conclusions

The vaccination rate and willingness for HZ among the elderly in Ningbo are generally low. It is recommended that efforts should be made to enhance health education to improve vaccine awareness and strengthen healthcare professionals' advocacy for vaccination. Additionally, proactive efforts should be made to promote vaccination for HZ among elderly individuals with underlying diseases.

vaccination for herpes zoster  /  vaccination rate  /  willingness  /  the elderly  /  influencing factors  /  Ningbo city
朱莹莹, 陶臻博, 徐倩倩, 陈玲慰, 李玉红, 董莹, 冯宏伟. 宁波市老年人带状疱疹疫苗接种率及接种意愿:一项网络问卷调查. 中国公共卫生, 2026 , 42 (3) : 325 -331 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1147795
Yingying ZHU, Zhenbo TAO, Qianqian XU, Lingwei CHEN, Yuhong LI, Ying DONG, Hongwei FENG. Vaccination rate and willingness for herpes zoster among the elderly in Ningbo city: a network questionnaire survey[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2026 , 42 (3) : 325 -331 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1147795
带状疱疹(herpes zoster, HZ)是由水痘–带状疱疹病毒(varicella-zoster virus, VZV)再激活引起的急性感染性皮肤病,其典型表现为沿单侧周围神经分布的簇集性水疱[1],常伴有明显的带状疱疹后神经痛(PHN)[2],其疼痛可持续数月甚至数年,严重影响患者的生活质量[3]。此外,带状疱疹还可导致眼部并发症、神经系统并发症等,给患者和社会带来沉重的疾病负担[4–5]。该病主要好发于≥60岁老年人[6],终生发病风险超过30%,全球普通人群的发病率为3/1 000人年~5/1 000人年,并随着年龄增长,发病率明显升高[7–9]。接种带状疱疹疫苗(herpes zoster vaccine, HZV)是预防该病及其并发症的有效方法[10–11]。带状疱疹疫苗在中国获得批准上市时间是2019年,居民对带状疱疹疫苗的知晓率和接种意愿均较低[12–14]。因此,探讨带状疱疹疫苗的接种率和接种意愿的影响因素,对于提高其疫苗接种率、有效控制带状疱疹的流行具有重要意义。目前,我国关于老年人HZ疫苗接种率和接种意愿的研究仍较有限,现有流行病学研究集中于部分地级市城区居民,样本在市级层面缺乏完整性[15–16]。针对地级市的大规模老年人横断面研究仍显不足。本研究在浙江省宁波市全域范围针对≥60岁常住人口开展带状疱疹疫苗接种意愿和接种率调查,通过获取具有全市代表性的样本数据,为市级层面的带状疱疹疫苗接种研究提供了关键实证补充,为决策提供具有代表性的数据。通过同步评估带状疱疹疫苗接种率与接种意愿的双维指标,并系统分析医生推荐、健康认知等可干预的影响因素,为制定针对性的干预措施提供科学依据。
根据横断面调查及分层抽样所需样本量公式$n= {Z}_{\alpha }^{2}P(1-P)/d^{2}\ \times deff $,参照既往 HZ疫苗接种情况研究结果[10],取P为16.57%,按照检验水准α=0.05,容许误差d=0.02,设计效应deff =1,算得样本量为1 328人。按宁波市经济发展状况(高、中、低)进行分层,实际样本量扩大20%,估算所需样本量为4 781人。采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法。第1阶段:根据宁波市10个县(市/区)的经济发展水平(高、中、低),将其分为3层。采用单纯随机抽样从每层中各抽取2个县(市/区);第2阶段:采用单纯随机抽样,在每个县(市/区)随机选择4个乡镇(街道),从每个乡镇(街道)中,再随机选取2个村(居委会);第3阶段:采用单纯随机抽样,在每个村(居委会)内,随机选取100名个体。纳入标准:年龄≥60岁,在当地居住时间累计超过6个月,神志清醒,能够参加调查者。排除标准:在调查前沟通中存在应答理解困难、严重记忆缺失或语言逻辑混乱者。本次共发放电子问卷4 800份,收回有效问卷4 619份,问卷有效率为96.22%。本研究经宁波市疾病预防控制中心伦理审查委员会批准(批准号:202203),且所有调查对象均签署知情同意书。
采用线上问卷星调查,调查问卷由浙江省疾病预防控制中心设计。为确保带状疱疹疫苗接种信息的准确性,本研究采用双重验证机制:一方面通过问卷直接询问受访者接种情况,另一方面在获得受访者授权后,通过身份证号将调查对象的带状疱疹疫苗接种信息与浙江省免疫规划智慧服务信息系统进行核对验证,当自我报告与系统记录不一致时以系统记录为准。问卷经预调查检验具有良好信效度(Cronbach′s α=0.931,KMO=0.902,Bartlett球形检验P<0.05)。问卷内容包括性别、年龄、文化程度、职业、居住地、对带状疱疹病毒及其疫苗知识知晓情况、是否有医生推荐接种带状疱疹疫苗、接种和不接种带状疱疹疫苗的原因等。带状疱疹病毒相关知识共8道问题(单选6题、多选2题),单选题回答正确记1分、回答错误或不清楚记 0 分;多选题每回答正确1个选项记1分,累积记分,回答不清楚或错误记0分。计算各调查对象HZ/HZV认知总得分,按总得分的均数将调查对象分为<平均分组和≥平均分组[17]。
为保证调查质量,项目工作组针对调查工作的各个环节制定了严格的质量控制工作方案并监督实施。首先,由项目工作组提供统一的电子调查问卷,制定统一的填写说明;所有调查人员必须通过统一培训、实习及考核,考核达标者方可获得调查资格。现场调查采用“调查员–质控员”双人协作模式,在确保数据质量的同时鼓励受访者独立完成问卷。为提升老年群体参与度并减少智能设备使用障碍导致的偏倚,项目团队实施以下补充方案:(1)设立现场协助点,经由培训合格的工作人员使用平板电脑提供一对一指导;(2)开放家属辅助通道,允许参与者在亲属协助下完成问卷填写。这些措施有效保障了调查者参与调查的可行性和数据采集的准确性。
采用Excel 2007建立数据库,应用SPSS 22.0统计软件进行一般描述性分析、χ2检验和多因素非条件logistic回归分析。检验水准α=0.05(双侧)。
共纳入调查对象4 619人,其中男性、女性分别占51.87%(2 396人)、48.13%(2 223人);60~74、≥75岁分别占70.92%(3 276人)、29.08%(1 343人),平均年龄为(71.23±6.98)岁;文化程度初中及以下占88.83%(4 103人),高中及以上占11.17%(516人);健康自我评估好、较好、一般及以下分别占14.48%(669人)、35.18%(1 625人)、50.34%(2 325人);有基础疾病既往史占81.34%(3 757例);有免疫性疾病占1.73%(80例);有神经系统性疾病占0.04%(2例);带状疱疹病毒相关知识平均得分为(10.53±3.53)分;医生介绍过HZ疫苗占65.88%(1 576人)。
带状疱疹病毒相关知识平均得分为(10.53±3.53)分;在所有调查对象中,2 882人(62.39%)听说过HZ,2 335人(50.55%)觉得中老年人更容易得HZ,2 759人(59.73%)认为带状疱疹发病后会影响正常生活; 1 754人(37.97%)认为带状疱疹会复发;仅1 338人(28.97%)认为带状疱疹会传染;2 067人(44.75%)认为带状疱疹可以通过接种HZ疫苗来预防;4 447人(96.28%)认为有基础疾病,服药后病情控制平稳可以接种HZ疫苗;仅882人(19.10%)认为艾滋病病毒携带者或感染者,规律服药控制平稳后可以接种HZ疫苗;仅1 335人(28.90%)认为有癫痫病史,但3年未发作,目前状态良好可以接种HZ疫苗。
在症状认知方面,3 362名(72.79%)调查对象认为带状疱疹的典型症状包括疼痛、灼热或刺痛;2 031人(43.97%)认识到充满液体、反复破裂结痂的水疱为特征性表现;2 461人(53.28%)提及神经病理性疼痛为关键症状。此外,1 862人(40.31%)受访者指出皮疹/红斑为典型症状,1 746人(37.80%)将发痒纳入带状疱疹标志性症状。
关于疫苗接种知识的获取渠道,受访者最主要的3个信息来源为:医生(68.76%,3 176人)、电视(60.64%,2 801人)和家庭成员(53.15%,2 455人)。
在所有调查对象中,HZ疫苗接种率为1.04%(48/4 619);在已接种HZ疫苗者中,接种原因包括认为接种疫苗能够防病(87.50%,42人)、家人建议接种(81.25%,39人)、医生建议接种(70.83%,34人)、身边有人经历过带状疱疹的疼痛,所以害怕自己会得(43.75%,21人)、预防再次发病(33.33%,16人)、社区宣传接种疫苗的好处(12.50%,6人)。单因素分析显示,HZ疫苗接种率在性别、年龄、婚姻、是否独居、文化程度、月收入、基础疾病、健康自我评估、知识得分、医生介绍过HZ疫苗变量之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。以宁波市老年人是否接种HZ疫苗为因变量(0=否,1=是),将单因素分析显示有差异有统计学意义的变量纳入多因素logistic回归分析。结果显示,男性、年龄≥75岁、高中及以上文化程度、无基础性疾病、自我健康评估为较好(与“好”比较)、知识得分≥平均分、医生介绍过HZ疫苗的居民HZ疫苗接种率更高。
在尚未接种HZ疫苗的调查对象中,HZ疫苗接种意愿率为33.54%(1 533/4 571);未接种HZ疫苗者中,未接种的主要原因包括没听说过HZ疫苗(61.63%,2 817人)、感觉没有必要(25.89%,1 183人)、疫苗价格太贵(16.20%,741人)、担心疫苗的副作用(8.77%,401人)、接种不方便(8.44%,386人)。单因素分析显示,调查对象HZ疫苗接种意愿在性别、年龄、文化程度、免疫性疾病既往史、知识得分、医生介绍过HZ疫苗变量之间差异有统计学意义。以宁波市老年人是否愿意接种HZ疫苗为因变量(0=否,1=是),将单因素分析显示有差异有统计学意义的变量纳入多因素logistic回归分析。结果显示,年龄≥75岁、初中及以下文化程度、无免疫性疾病既往史、知识得分≥平均分、医生介绍过HZ疫苗的居民HZ疫苗接种意愿率更高。
本研究显示,宁波市老年人HZ疫苗接种率为1.04%,高于2022年全国老年人的估算接种率(0.1%)[18],但低于南京市城区老年慢性病人群的接种水平(2.34%)[19]。这一差异可能与宁波市较高的经济发展水平和医保政策支持有关。而南京市城区老年慢性病人群通过慢性病管理体系实现了更精准的疫苗推广和医患沟通,从而进一步提升了目标人群的带状疱疹疫苗接种覆盖率。与国外相比,低于加拿大≥60岁人群的8.4%接种率[20],远低于美国≥60岁人群34.5%的接种率[21]。国外一项研究显示,接种HZ疫苗具有较好的成本效益[22]。因此,应采取相应措施提高HZ疫苗接种率。本研究结果显示,在尚未接种HZ疫苗的调查对象中,愿意接种者占33.54%,低于北京市、上海市等地对城区老年人的调查结果[16,23],高于苏州市吴中区老年人24.55%的研究结果[24]。中国各地区之间人群HZ疫苗接种意愿存在差异,可能与研究方法、各地HZ疫苗接种相关政策、健康教育力度、HZ发病率等因素有关。本研究调查对象不愿意接种HZ疫苗的主要原因包括没听说过HZ疫苗、感觉没有必要、疫苗价格太贵。其中超半数未接种者不知道有HZ疫苗,这一发现与中国香港地区以及其他中等收入国家的研究结论一致[25–26],这可能源于当前宣传渠道未能有效触达目标人群。虽然现行宣传策略侧重创新,运用社交媒体平台,但本研究发现,受访者获取疫苗接种知识的3大渠道依次为医生、电视和家庭成员,提示需通过目标人群常用信息渠道加强疫苗科普宣传。近1/4调查者认为没有必要接种HZ疫苗,反映了个体对疫苗可预防疾病普遍存在风险低估现象,这与疫苗犹豫行为模型中的乐观偏见理论相符。经济障碍则与全球多国研究结论一致[27–28],提示探索通过医保报销、政府补贴等方式降低接种成本,提高HZ疫苗接种可及性。
本研究表明,疫苗知识得分高于平均水平的受访者表现出更高的接种率及接种意愿,凸显健康知识传播对促进健康行为改变的关键作用。医务人员进行疫苗推荐可显著提升接种率和接种意愿,该发现与英国、土耳其研究相互印证[29–30],提示医疗机构专业人员的健康宣教具有重要实践价值。同时,本研究发现,年龄≥75岁群体表现出更高的接种率及接种意愿,这与以往研究,对传染病并发症风险的认知随年龄增长而升高,从而促使高年龄人群接种疫苗的结论相一致[31]。
文献研究显示,女性带状疱疹发病率高于男性[4,32],但本调查发现女性接种率反而更低,可能原因包括:第一,女性常承担更多家庭责任,难有足够时间前往接种点,经济条件限制或地理障碍也可能阻碍接种[33];第二,女性更易受社交圈或家庭的负面信息影响,降低接种疫苗信任度,错误信息可能加剧其顾虑;提示医务人员在接种疫苗宣传中应更关注女性群体。本次研究发现,文化程度为高中及以上的调查对象,带状疱疹疫苗接种率高,但带状疱疹疫苗接种意愿低,与深圳市龙华区对老年人流感疫苗接种率及接种意愿研究结果类似[34]。这一现象反映了健康行为中"知识–态度–行为"链条的复杂性,意愿低可能更多源于复杂认知评估,但实际行为可能受理性和社会资源支持驱动[35–36]。此外,无基础疾病、自我健康评估较好的人群HZ疫苗接种率更高[37–38]。研究显示,有基础疾病人群,HZ患病风险远高于无基础疾病人群[39–40],提示医务人员在针对基础疾病老年人随访中应加入疫苗接种建议。有免疫性疾病的调查对象的HZ疫苗接种意愿低于无免疫性疾病者,这可能与该类人群对疫苗副作用的担忧和对疫苗有效性的误解有关[41–42]。以往研究表明,有免疫性疾病患者患带状疱疹的风险是一般人群的2.3~4倍[43],提示针对有免疫性疾病患者的带状疱疹疫苗接种宣传至关重要。
本研究存在一定局限性:(1)部分信息如对基础疾病和免疫性疾病既往史仅通过询问获得,可能存在回忆偏倚。(2)本研究设计为横断面调查,仅能描述各维度与带状疱疹疫苗接种率之间的相关性,以及各维度与接种意愿之间的关联性,无法确立因果关系。(3)部分影响因素的可信区间较宽(如知识得分变量),可能导致估计结果不够精确,未来需扩大样本量以提高统计效能。综上所述,宁波市老年人的带状疱疹疫苗接种率和接种意愿均处于较低水平。需重点加强该人群对带状疱疹疫苗认知和有效性的宣传教育,尤其应针对其获取疫苗信息的常用渠道进行宣传科普,并强化医务人员对带状疱疹疫苗接种的引导作用。此外,需积极推动老年人,特别是有基础疾病老年人的带状疱疹疫苗预防接种工作。

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doi: 10.11847/zgggws1147795
  • 接收时间:2025-06-26
  • 首发时间:2026-10-23
  • 出版时间:2026-03-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-26
  • 修回日期:2025-08-11
  • 录用日期:2025-09-16
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    1宁波市疾病预防控制中心,宁波 315000
    2宁波市高新区新明街道社区卫生服务中心,宁波 315000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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