Article(id=1320438057866744499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320438006813672182, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11847/zgggws1146519, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1732636800000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-27, revisedDate=1754928000000, revisedDateStr=2025-08-12, acceptedDate=1756396800000, acceptedDateStr=2025-08-29, onlineDate=1792746565547, onlineDateStr=2026-10-23, pubDate=1773072000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792746565547, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792746565547, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792746565547, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320438006813672182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, year='2026', volume='42', issue='3', pageStart='257', pageEnd='384', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1773072000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792746553376, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792748100383, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320444495519404406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320438006813672182, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320444495519404407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320438006813672182, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=284, endPage=288, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320438058042905268, articleId=1320438057866744499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=EN, title=Prediction of the ten-year risk of cardiovascular diseases for residents aged 35–75 years old in Xuzhou city: based on the China-PAR model, columnId=1320438008931795703, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Public Health, columnName=Special Report—Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To predict the 10-year risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and its risk factors among residents aged 35–75 years old in Xuzhou City, so as to provide a scientific basis for formulating prevention and control measures for CVD.

Methods

The data of residents aged 35–75 years old in Gulou district, Yunlong district, and Quanshan district of Xuzhou city collected during the baseline survey of the Jiangsu Province Comprehensive Prevention and Control Project for Cardiovascular Diseases in 2022–2023 were used. Information such as general data, body height, body weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was gathered through questionnaires, physical examinations, and laboratory tests. The prediction for ASCVD risk in China (China-PAR) model was used to assess the 10-year risk of CVD among the surveyed subjects.

Results

The 12 256 residents aged 35–75 years old in Xuzhou consisted of 3 956 (32.28%) males and 8 300 (67.72%) females. Males showed higher age, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), systolic/diastolic blood pressure, TG, smoking rate, hypertension prevalence, diabetes prevalence, and antihypertensive medication use than females (all P < 0.05). Females exhibited higher levels of TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, and CVD family history than males (all P < 0.05). The 10-year CVD risk among participants was 7.67%, and it was higher among males (10.85%) than among females (6.31%) (P < 0.01). The proportion of high-risk populations reached 37.73%, being higher in males (54.60%) than in females (29.69%) (P < 0.01). This proportion increased with age, and males in all age groups had higher proportions of high-risk populations than females. Aggregated risk factors of 1, 2, or ≥ 3 accounted for 28.24%, 28.11%, and 26.07%, respectively. The aggregation of risk factors in females increased with age (χ2trend = 908.35, P < 0.001), while no such trend was observed in males (P > 0.05).

Conclusions

The 10-year CVD risk is high in the residents aged 35–75 years old in Xuzhou city. Males show higher risk, proportion of high-risk populations in different age groups, and aggregation of risk factors than females.

, authors=Zongmei DONG1, Yixue JIANG1, De LIU1, Pan ZHANG1, Peipei CHEN1, Ting LI1, Ke WANG2, Cheng QIAO1, authorsList=Zongmei DONG, Yixue JIANG, De LIU, Pan ZHANG, Peipei CHEN, Ting LI, Ke WANG, Cheng QIAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Cheng QIAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
QIAO Cheng, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Chinese Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320438058718188215, articleId=1320438057866744499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=CN, title=徐州市35~75岁人群心血管病10年发病风险预测:基于China-PAR法, columnId=1320438009145705209, journalTitle=中国公共卫生, columnName=专题报道——慢性病预防与控制, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

预测江苏省徐州市35~75岁居民心血管病(CVD)10年发病风险及其危险因素,为徐州市制定CVD干预措施提供参考依据。

方法

基于“江苏省心脑血管疾病综合防控项目”2022—2023年徐州市鼓楼区、云龙区、泉山区项目点基线调查中35~75岁常住居民相关数据,通过问卷调查、体格检查及实验室检测,收集一般资料、身高、体重、腰围、血压、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)等信息,应用中国动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病风险预测(China-PAR)模型预测调查对象CVD10年发病风险。

结果

徐州市12 256名35~75岁居民中,男性3 956人(32.28%),女性8 300人(67.72%)。男性的年龄、腰围、BMI、收缩压、舒张压、TG、吸烟率、高血压患病率、糖尿病患病率、服用降压药比例均高于女性(均P<0.05);女性在TC、LDL-C、HDL-C、CVD家族史方面高于男性(均P<0.05)。调查对象CVD10年发病风险为7.67%,男性(10.85%)高于女性(6.31%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。高危人群比例为37.73%,男性(54.60%)高于女性(29.69%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。高危比例随着年龄的增长而增加,各年龄组男性高危人群比例均高于女性。CVD危险因素聚集1、2和≥3个者分别占28.24%、28.11%和26.07%。女性危险因素的聚集情况随年龄增长而增加(χ2趋势=908.35,P<0.001),男性未表现出该变化趋势(P>0.05)。

结论

徐州市35~75岁人群CVD 10年发病风险较高,男性的发病风险、不同年龄段的高危比例及危险因素聚集情况均高于女性。

, authors=董宗美1, 江宜雪1, 刘德1, 张盼1, 陈培培1, 李婷1, 王可2, 乔程1, *, *, authorsList=董宗美, 江宜雪, 刘德, 张盼, 陈培培, 李婷, 王可, 乔程, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=乔程, authorNote=

董宗美(1989—),主管医师,硕士,研究方向:慢性非传染性疾病预防控制

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乔程,E-mail:
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Nature Reviews Nephrology, 2018, 14(3): 185-201., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320438069447217941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438057866744499, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=24, rfOrder=23, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王巍巍, 苏健, 洪忻, 等. 南京市35岁及以上人群缺血性心血管病10年发病风险评估[J]. 中华疾病控制杂志, 2021, 25(7): 837-842., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320438069614990102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438057866744499, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=25, rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=徐松波. 中国中老年人心血管系统疾病危险因素及聚集[J]. 中国老年学杂志, 2018, 38(12): 2819-2822., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320438059116647096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438057866744499, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320438059141812921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438057866744499, companyId=1320438059116647096, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Xuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xuzhou 221000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320438059158590138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438057866744499, companyId=1320438059116647096, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1徐州市疾病预防控制中心慢病科,徐州 221000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320438059246670523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438057866744499, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320438059255059132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438057866744499, companyId=1320438059246670523, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320438059263447741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438057866744499, companyId=1320438059246670523, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2徐州医科大学公共卫生学院卫生统计学教研室,徐州 221004)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320438062962823921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438057866744499, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Ages, waist circumference, BMI, and physical examination results of surveyed subjects

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变量男性女性合计t/Z值P值
年龄/岁58.75±9.8756.88±9.6957.48±9.799.93<0.001
腰围/cma90.00(85.00,95.69)81.20(75.55,87.75)84.30(78.00,91.00)–45.54<0.001
BMI/(kg/m2)a26.03(24.09,28.06)24.69(22.66,26.99)25.15(23.07,27.39)–19.81<0.001
收缩压/mmHga137.50(125.50,151.88)131.50(118.50,147.00)134.00(120.50,149.00)–15.93<0.001
舒张压/mmHga88.00(80.50,96.00)81.00(74.50,89.00)83.50(76.00,91.50)–29.53<0.001
TC/(mmol/L)a5.14(4.47,5.84)5.48(4.78,6.21)5.37(4.66,6.11)–16.23<0.001
TG/(mmol/L)a1.42(1.02,2.16)1.32(0.94,1.88)1.35(0.97,1.97)–9.66<0.001
LDL-C/(mmol/L)a2.89(2.38,3.38)2.94(2.44,3.48)2.93(2.42,3.45)–4.66<0.001
HDL-C/(mmol/L)a1.28(1.11,1.47)1.50(1.29,1.72)1.42(1.23,1.65)–34.91<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1320438063050904306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438057866744499, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

调查对象年龄、腰围、BMI及体格检查情况

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变量男性女性合计t/Z值P值
年龄/岁58.75±9.8756.88±9.6957.48±9.799.93<0.001
腰围/cma90.00(85.00,95.69)81.20(75.55,87.75)84.30(78.00,91.00)–45.54<0.001
BMI/(kg/m2)a26.03(24.09,28.06)24.69(22.66,26.99)25.15(23.07,27.39)–19.81<0.001
收缩压/mmHga137.50(125.50,151.88)131.50(118.50,147.00)134.00(120.50,149.00)–15.93<0.001
舒张压/mmHga88.00(80.50,96.00)81.00(74.50,89.00)83.50(76.00,91.50)–29.53<0.001
TC/(mmol/L)a5.14(4.47,5.84)5.48(4.78,6.21)5.37(4.66,6.11)–16.23<0.001
TG/(mmol/L)a1.42(1.02,2.16)1.32(0.94,1.88)1.35(0.97,1.97)–9.66<0.001
LDL-C/(mmol/L)a2.89(2.38,3.38)2.94(2.44,3.48)2.93(2.42,3.45)–4.66<0.001
HDL-C/(mmol/L)a1.28(1.11,1.47)1.50(1.29,1.72)1.42(1.23,1.65)–34.91<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1320438063336116979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438057866744499, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Smoking and disease history of surveyed subjects

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变量男性女性合计χ2值P值
人数占比/%人数占比/%人数占比/%
吸烟1 70143.002052.471 90615.553 350.68<0.001
CVD家族史61915.651 45417.52207316.916.670.01
高血压2 59065.47396847.81655853.51335.98<0.001
糖尿病95324.091 13013.61208317.00208.40<0.001
服用降压药1 19530.211 79021.572 98524.36108.58<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1320438063436780276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438057866744499, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

调查对象吸烟及疾病史情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量男性女性合计χ2值P值
人数占比/%人数占比/%人数占比/%
吸烟1 70143.002052.471 90615.553 350.68<0.001
CVD家族史61915.651 45417.52207316.916.670.01
高血压2 59065.47396847.81655853.51335.98<0.001
糖尿病95324.091 13013.61208317.00208.40<0.001
服用降压药1 19530.211 79021.572 98524.36108.58<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1320438063772324597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438057866744499, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Distribution of annual incidence risk of CVD in different gender and age groups

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性别年龄/岁低危中危高危χ2趋势值P值
人数占比/%人数占比/%人数占比/%
男性35~35979.256213.69327.061 820.91<0.001
45~32636.3834538.5022525.11
55~785.9449837.9373756.13
65~7510.081279.811 16690.11
合计76419.311 03226.092 16054.60
女性35~1 05997.42242.2140.374 480.73<0.001
45~1 79574.4549820.661184.89
55~59921.561 37949.6480028.80
65~75130.6446923.171 54276.19
合计346641.762 37028.552 46429.69
总人群35~1 41892.08865.58362.346 205.51<0.001
45~2 12164.1484325.4934310.37
55~67716.551 87745.881 53737.57
65~75140.4259617.962 70881.62
合计423034.51340227.76462437.73
), ArticleFig(id=1320438064154006263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438057866744499, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同性别、年龄组中CVD10年发病风险分布情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
性别年龄/岁低危中危高危χ2趋势值P值
人数占比/%人数占比/%人数占比/%
男性35~35979.256213.69327.061 820.91<0.001
45~32636.3834538.5022525.11
55~785.9449837.9373756.13
65~7510.081279.811 16690.11
合计76419.311 03226.092 16054.60
女性35~1 05997.42242.2140.374 480.73<0.001
45~1 79574.4549820.661184.89
55~59921.561 37949.6480028.80
65~75130.6446923.171 54276.19
合计346641.762 37028.552 46429.69
总人群35~1 41892.08865.58362.346 205.51<0.001
45~2 12164.1484325.4934310.37
55~67716.551 87745.881 53737.57
65~75140.4259617.962 70881.62
合计423034.51340227.76462437.73
), ArticleFig(id=1320438064267252473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438057866744499, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Characteristics of CVD risk factor aggregation among surveyed subjects

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分类年龄/岁人数危险因素个数χ2趋势P值
012≥3
人数占比/%人数占比/%人数占比/%人数占比/%
男性35~4535111.269420.7511425.1719442.832.850.091
45~896728.0419521.7623225.8939744.31
55~1 313806.0927020.5639930.3956442.96
65~751 294806.1825719.8642432.7753341.19
合计39562837.1581620.631 16929.551 68842.67
女性35~1 08757552.9030628.1514413.25625.70908.35<0.001
45~2 41168728.4986936.0454622.6530912.82
55~2 77840814.6988932.0088431.8259721.49
65~7520242029.9858128.7170234.6853926.63
合计83001 87222.552 64531.872 27627.421 50718.16
总人群35~1 54062640.6540025.9725816.7525616.62765.95<0.001
45~3 30775922.951 06432.1777823.5370621.35
55~409148811.931 15928.331 28331.361 16128.38
65~753 3182828.5083825.261 12633.941 07232.31
合计12 2562 15517.58346128.24344528.113 19526.07
), ArticleFig(id=1320438064611185402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320438057866744499, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

调查对象CVD危险因素聚集情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分类年龄/岁人数危险因素个数χ2趋势P值
012≥3
人数占比/%人数占比/%人数占比/%人数占比/%
男性35~4535111.269420.7511425.1719442.832.850.091
45~896728.0419521.7623225.8939744.31
55~1 313806.0927020.5639930.3956442.96
65~751 294806.1825719.8642432.7753341.19
合计39562837.1581620.631 16929.551 68842.67
女性35~1 08757552.9030628.1514413.25625.70908.35<0.001
45~2 41168728.4986936.0454622.6530912.82
55~2 77840814.6988932.0088431.8259721.49
65~7520242029.9858128.7170234.6853926.63
合计83001 87222.552 64531.872 27627.421 50718.16
总人群35~1 54062640.6540025.9725816.7525616.62765.95<0.001
45~3 30775922.951 06432.1777823.5370621.35
55~409148811.931 15928.331 28331.361 16128.38
65~753 3182828.5083825.261 12633.941 07232.31
合计12 2562 15517.58346128.24344528.113 19526.07
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徐州市35~75岁人群心血管病10年发病风险预测:基于China-PAR法
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董宗美 1 , 江宜雪 1 , 刘德 1 , 张盼 1 , 陈培培 1 , 李婷 1 , 王可 2 , 乔程 1, *, *
中国公共卫生 | 专题报道——慢性病预防与控制 2026,42(3): 284-288
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中国公共卫生 |专题报道——慢性病预防与控制 2026 , 42 (3) : 284 -288
徐州市35~75岁人群心血管病10年发病风险预测:基于China-PAR法
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董宗美1, 江宜雪1, 刘德1, 张盼1, 陈培培1, 李婷1, 王可2, 乔程1, *, *
作者信息
  • 1徐州市疾病预防控制中心慢病科,徐州 221000
  • 2徐州医科大学公共卫生学院卫生统计学教研室,徐州 221004
通讯作者:
乔程,E-mail:
作者简介:

董宗美(1989—),主管医师,硕士,研究方向:慢性非传染性疾病预防控制

Prediction of the ten-year risk of cardiovascular diseases for residents aged 35–75 years old in Xuzhou city: based on the China-PAR model
Zongmei DONG1, Yixue JIANG1, De LIU1, Pan ZHANG1, Peipei CHEN1, Ting LI1, Ke WANG2, Cheng QIAO1
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Xuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xuzhou 221000, China
  • 2Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    QIAO Cheng, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-03-10 doi: 10.11847/zgggws1146519
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目的

预测江苏省徐州市35~75岁居民心血管病(CVD)10年发病风险及其危险因素,为徐州市制定CVD干预措施提供参考依据。

方法

基于“江苏省心脑血管疾病综合防控项目”2022—2023年徐州市鼓楼区、云龙区、泉山区项目点基线调查中35~75岁常住居民相关数据,通过问卷调查、体格检查及实验室检测,收集一般资料、身高、体重、腰围、血压、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)等信息,应用中国动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病风险预测(China-PAR)模型预测调查对象CVD10年发病风险。

结果

徐州市12 256名35~75岁居民中,男性3 956人(32.28%),女性8 300人(67.72%)。男性的年龄、腰围、BMI、收缩压、舒张压、TG、吸烟率、高血压患病率、糖尿病患病率、服用降压药比例均高于女性(均P<0.05);女性在TC、LDL-C、HDL-C、CVD家族史方面高于男性(均P<0.05)。调查对象CVD10年发病风险为7.67%,男性(10.85%)高于女性(6.31%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。高危人群比例为37.73%,男性(54.60%)高于女性(29.69%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。高危比例随着年龄的增长而增加,各年龄组男性高危人群比例均高于女性。CVD危险因素聚集1、2和≥3个者分别占28.24%、28.11%和26.07%。女性危险因素的聚集情况随年龄增长而增加(χ2趋势=908.35,P<0.001),男性未表现出该变化趋势(P>0.05)。

结论

徐州市35~75岁人群CVD 10年发病风险较高,男性的发病风险、不同年龄段的高危比例及危险因素聚集情况均高于女性。

心血管病  /  风险预测  /  高危人群  /  中国动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病风险预测模型(China-PAR)  /  徐州市
Objective

To predict the 10-year risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and its risk factors among residents aged 35–75 years old in Xuzhou City, so as to provide a scientific basis for formulating prevention and control measures for CVD.

Methods

The data of residents aged 35–75 years old in Gulou district, Yunlong district, and Quanshan district of Xuzhou city collected during the baseline survey of the Jiangsu Province Comprehensive Prevention and Control Project for Cardiovascular Diseases in 2022–2023 were used. Information such as general data, body height, body weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was gathered through questionnaires, physical examinations, and laboratory tests. The prediction for ASCVD risk in China (China-PAR) model was used to assess the 10-year risk of CVD among the surveyed subjects.

Results

The 12 256 residents aged 35–75 years old in Xuzhou consisted of 3 956 (32.28%) males and 8 300 (67.72%) females. Males showed higher age, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), systolic/diastolic blood pressure, TG, smoking rate, hypertension prevalence, diabetes prevalence, and antihypertensive medication use than females (all P < 0.05). Females exhibited higher levels of TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, and CVD family history than males (all P < 0.05). The 10-year CVD risk among participants was 7.67%, and it was higher among males (10.85%) than among females (6.31%) (P < 0.01). The proportion of high-risk populations reached 37.73%, being higher in males (54.60%) than in females (29.69%) (P < 0.01). This proportion increased with age, and males in all age groups had higher proportions of high-risk populations than females. Aggregated risk factors of 1, 2, or ≥ 3 accounted for 28.24%, 28.11%, and 26.07%, respectively. The aggregation of risk factors in females increased with age (χ2trend = 908.35, P < 0.001), while no such trend was observed in males (P > 0.05).

Conclusions

The 10-year CVD risk is high in the residents aged 35–75 years old in Xuzhou city. Males show higher risk, proportion of high-risk populations in different age groups, and aggregation of risk factors than females.

cardiovascular disease  /  risk prediction  /  high-risk population  /  ASCVD risk in China (China-PAR) model  /  Xuzhou city
董宗美, 江宜雪, 刘德, 张盼, 陈培培, 李婷, 王可, 乔程. 徐州市35~75岁人群心血管病10年发病风险预测:基于China-PAR法. 中国公共卫生, 2026 , 42 (3) : 284 -288 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1146519
Zongmei DONG, Yixue JIANG, De LIU, Pan ZHANG, Peipei CHEN, Ting LI, Ke WANG, Cheng QIAO. Prediction of the ten-year risk of cardiovascular diseases for residents aged 35–75 years old in Xuzhou city: based on the China-PAR model[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2026 , 42 (3) : 284 -288 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1146519
心血管疾病(cardiovascular disease, CVD)是指影响心脏和血管系统的一类疾病,主要包括冠心病、脑卒中、外周动脉疾病等,是全球首位死因[1]。随着我国人口老龄化及生活方式的改变,CVD的发病率、患病率呈上升趋势,给居民和社会带来的经济负担日渐加重,已成为重大的公共卫生问题[2]。《中国卫生健康统计年鉴2022》显示,2021年我国农村、城市CVD分别占死因的48.98%和47.35%[3]。全球疾病负担研究数据显示,1990—2019年,中国1~79岁人群CVD年龄标化发病率从646.2/10万人年上升至652.2/10万人年[4]。国际CVD一级预防指南建议根据传统危险因素进行风险评估和分层,并对高危人群进行干预治疗[5–7], 2020年发布的《中国心血管病一级预防指南》特别强调了基于个体风险评估来确定CVD危险因素的控制强度[8]。≥35岁人群是CVD的潜在风险人群,对≥35岁人群进行CVD风险等级的划分,识别出高风险人群进行重点干预,对于减轻经济负担、节约医疗资源具有重要意义。“江苏省心脑血管疾病综合防控项目”是江苏省卫生健康委员会2022年开始开展的一项民生工程,该项目旨在更多的人群中早期发现心脑血管疾病高危人群,以达到早期预防心脑血管疾病的目的。为预测徐州市居民CVD发病风险,为当地居民CVD的干预提供参考依据,本研究利用“江苏省心脑血管疾病综合防控项目”2022—2023年徐州市鼓楼区、云龙区、泉山区三个项目点基线调查中12 256名35~75岁居民的相关数据,应用我国学者建立的中国动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病风险预测(Prediction for ASCVD Risk in China, China-PAR)模型[9]预测CVD的发病风险。结果报告如下。
基于“江苏省心脑血管疾病综合防控项目”,采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法,首先在徐州市10个行政区中随机抽取3个行政区(云龙区、鼓楼区、泉山区),采用与人口规模成比例抽样方法确定每个行政区调查人数;第2阶段在每个行政区采用简单随机抽样的方法抽取2个街道;第3阶段在每个被抽中的街道采用简单随机抽样方法抽取2~3个居委会,被抽中的居委会内所有35~75岁的常住居民均可自愿参与本次调查。纳入标准:(1)实足年龄35~75岁;(2)常住居民,即参加调查前12个月在当地居住≥6个月;(3)自愿参加且签署知情同意书。剔除CVD患者及China-PAR模型所需变量缺失者,本次研究最终纳入12 256人。本研究通过徐州市疾病预防控制中心伦理委员会审查(XJK2023003)。
(1)问卷调查:采用江苏省疾病预防控制中心设计的电子问卷,由经过培训并通过考核的调查员进行面访调查。内容包括一般人口学特征、行为生活方式、疾病史及用药史等。(2)体格检查:测量身高、体重、腰围、血压等。身高、腰围精确到0.1 cm;体重精确到0.1 kg。采用欧姆龙HBP-1320型电子血压计测量血压,调查对象静坐5 min后,测量右上臂血压2次,2次测量之间松开袖带,间隔1 min,取2次测量的平均值为最终血压值。若2次测量收缩压差值>10 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 3 kPa),则进行第3次测量,取后2次测量的平均值为最终血压值。(3)实验室检测:采集调查对象空腹≥8 h静脉血,由徐州市矿务集团总医院检验科承担空腹血糖、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)的检测。
采用China-PAR模型计算研究对象未来10年(2023—2033年)的CVD发病风险。China-PAR模型纳入的变量包括年龄、性别、腰围、地区(北方或南方,以长江为界)、城乡(城市或农村)、是否吸烟、血压水平、TC、HDL-C、是否服用降压药、是否患有糖尿病、CVD家族史。模型适用于≥20岁、无心脑血管病史的人群。根据CVD 10年风险预测值将研究对象分为3类:<5.0%为低危,5.0%~<10%为中危,≥10.0%为高危。
(1)CVD:有被二级及以上医疗机构明确诊断过心肌梗死、脑卒中、接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗、接受冠状动脉搭桥手术中任一疾病史者;(2)腹型肥胖[10]:男性腰围≥90 cm,女性腰围≥85 cm;(3)体质量指数(body mass index, BMI)[10]:BMI=体重(kg)/[身高(m)]2;(4)吸烟[11]:调查时有吸烟行为(不论是否每天吸烟);(5)高血压[12]:收缩压≥140 mmHg和(或)舒张压≥90 mmHg者,或已被乡镇(街道)及以上医院诊断为高血压,或正在使用降压药物者;(6)糖尿病[13]:空腹血糖≥7.0 mmol/L,或已被乡镇(街道)及以上医院诊断为糖尿病,或正在使用降糖药或胰岛素者;(7)血脂异常[14]:TC≥6.2 mmol/L,TG≥2.3 mmol/L,HDL-C<1.0 mmol/L,LDL-C≥4.1 mmol/L,符合以上任一项者均为血脂异常;或已被乡镇(街道)及以上医院确诊为血脂异常以及正在使用调脂药物者。
应用SPSS 23.0软件进行统计分析。服从正态分布的计量资料用$\bar x \pm s$表示,组间比较用t检验;偏态分布的计量资料用M(P25,P75)表示,组间比较用Mann-Whitney U检验(统计量为Z值)。分类变量用频数、率表示,组间比较用χ2检验,趋势分析采用趋势χ2检验。采用China-PAR模型计算研究对象CVD10年发病风险。检验水准为双侧检验α=0.05。
12 256名35~75岁居民中,男性3 956人(32.28%),女性8 300人(67.72%),平均年龄(57.48±9.79)岁。男性的年龄、腰围、BMI、收缩压、舒张压、TG、吸烟率、高血压患病率、糖尿病患病率、服用降压药比例均高于女性(均P<0.05);女性在TC、LDL-C、HDL-C、CVD家族史方面高于男性(均P<0.05)。
调查对象CVD 10年发病风险为7.67%(3.57%~13.17%),男性为10.85%(6.15%~16.49%),女性为6.31%(2.84%~11.14%),差异有统计学意义(Z= –30.84,P<0.001)。CVD 10年发病风险高危比例为37.73%,男性(54.60%)高于女性(29.69%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=837.74,P<0.001)。随着年龄的增长,高危比例明显升高。不同性别、年龄组CVD10年发病风险对比中,随着年龄的增长,男性、女性的低危比例均降低,高危比例升高;且男性各个年龄组的高危比例均高于女性。
根据China-PAR模型中纳入的变量,将腹型肥胖、TC≥6.2 mmol/L、HDL-C<1.0 mmol/L、高血压、糖尿病、吸烟、CVD家族史作为CVD的主要危险因素。调查对象中,具有0、1、2、≥3个危险因素者分别占17.58%、28.24%、28.11%、26.07%。82.42%的调查对象至少拥有1项危险因素。男性0、1个危险因素的检出率低于女性,2、≥3个危险因素的检出率高于女性。女性危险因素的聚集情况随年龄增长而增加(χ2趋势=908.35,P<0.001),男性未表现出该变化趋势(P>0.05)。
本次调查结果显示,徐州市35~75岁无CVD病史的居民中,CVD10年发生风险中位数为7.67%,高于2019年我国东部地区2.89%的调查结果[15];高危人群37.73%,高于2016—2019年我国西北地区居民心血管病高危人群5.8%的比例[16],低于2021年河南省郸城县(42.1%)的调查结果[17],与陕西省2015—2022年CVD高危人群35.75%的检出率接近[18]。这可能与我国不同地区间经济发展差异、行为生活方式及CVD危险因素的分布不同等有关,同时本次调查中老年人口偏多也可能有一定的影响。徐州市较高的CVD高危人群比例提示尽早开展CVD干预的紧迫性与必要性。
本研究发现,男性CVD 10年发病风险高于女性,高危比例高于女性,这与王颖[19]、戚敏杰[20]等研究结果类似。男性高于女性,一方面可能与男性的血压、血糖、腰围等危险因素水平更高有关[21],另一方面可能与男女之间生理特点、生活习惯差异有关[20];既往研究表明,男性更容易受到如吸烟、久坐不动、食用高热量食物等不健康的生活方式的影响,导致男性发生CVD的风险更高[22–23]。
比较不同年龄组CVD10年发病风险发现,高危人群比例随着年龄的增长而升高,与2021年南京市的研究结果一致[24]。这可能是因为随着年龄的增长,身体机能逐渐退化,高血压、糖尿病的患病率显著升高,暴露于危险因素的长期累积效应等使得心血管功能出现障碍造成的[23]。本研究发现徐州市65岁以上人群CVD10年发病风险高危比例超过80%,65岁以上的男性高危比例更是超过90%,提示在今后的工作中,老年男性是CVD防控的重点人群。
CVD的发生是多种危险因素长期共同作用的结果,本研究结果显示,徐州市35~75岁居民中CVD危险因素聚集≥3个的比例为26.07%,高于2021年南京市[24]、2018年全国[25]的调查结果。在女性及总人群中,危险因素的聚集性均表现出随着年龄的增长而增高,但在男性中并没有表现出该趋势。女性危险因素聚集随着年龄的增加而增高,可能是因为女性在绝经期后失去了雌激素的保护作用[21]。男性没有表现出同样的趋势,是因为男性CVD危险因素聚集情况类似,各年龄组≥3个危险因素的比例均超过40%,远高于同年龄组的女性,提示男性是CVD防控的重点人群。
本研究存在一定的局限性:(1)调查对象年龄分布不均衡,低年龄组人群偏少;(2)本研究为横断面调查,存在一定程度的回忆偏倚;无法将CVD 10年发病风险与实际发病率进行比较,还有待于前瞻性队列研究。

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doi: 10.11847/zgggws1146519
  • 接收时间:2024-11-27
  • 首发时间:2026-10-23
  • 出版时间:2026-03-10
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-27
  • 修回日期:2025-08-12
  • 录用日期:2025-08-29
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    1徐州市疾病预防控制中心慢病科,徐州 221000
    2徐州医科大学公共卫生学院卫生统计学教研室,徐州 221004

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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