Article(id=1320432049127805289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320431836577247574, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11847/zgggws1148445, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1752508800000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-15, revisedDate=1758384000000, revisedDateStr=2025-09-21, acceptedDate=1773158400000, acceptedDateStr=2026-03-11, onlineDate=1792745132952, onlineDateStr=2026-10-23, pubDate=1783612800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792745132952, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792745132952, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792745132952, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320431836577247574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, year='2026', volume='42', issue='7', pageStart='769', pageEnd='896', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1783612800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792745082277, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792748015122, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320444137892069377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320431836577247574, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320444137892069378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320431836577247574, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=863, endPage=868, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320432050826498413, articleId=1320432049127805289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=EN, title=Awareness of public health knowledge among members of the public health committees of Pudong New Area, Shanghai: a cross-sectional study, 2024, columnId=1320427686514770171, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Public Health, columnName=Survey and Report, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To systematically evaluate the public health knowledge awareness and training needs of members of the village (community) public health committees in Pudong New Area,Shanghai, thereby providing a basis for strengthening the capacity building of primary-level public health teams.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted online via the Questionnaire Star platform from July to August 2024, covering 5 365 committee members from 1 525 villages (communities) in Pudong New Area. The questionnaire included basic information and public health knowledge in three dimensions: prevention and control of common diseases, healthy lifestyles and behaviors, and knowledge and skills of disinfection and protection. Data were analyzed by χ2 tests and multivariate logistic regression.

Results

The overall awareness rate of public health knowledge among the participants was 54.71%, and the awareness rate in the dimension of disinfection and personal protection was the lowest (45.41%). Different genders, ages, educational backgrounds, job categories, regions, number of participation times in epidemiological investigations during the COVID-19 pandemic, and training needs all affected public health knowledge scores (all P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that females (OR = 1.215, 95%CI: 1.078–1.369), those with a bachelor′s degree or above (OR = 1.305, 95%CI: 1.063–1.603), family doctors (OR = 2.022, 95%CI: 1.698–2.407), residents in urban fringe areas (OR = 1.202, 95%CI: 1.034–1.398), and those who underwent more than 10 epidemiological investigations (OR = 1.469, 95%CI: 1.238–1.743) had significantly better knowledge awareness. The awareness rates of those over 55 years old (OR = 0.674, 95%CI: 0.524–0.868), those in remote rural areas (OR = 0.82, 95%CI: 0.675–0.996), and those without training willingness (OR=0.682, 95%CI: 0.572–0.814) were lower. Training needs analysis revealed that the most demanded topics were infectious disease prevention and control (70.89%) and disinfection and protection skills (70.61%), with preferred training methods being on-site lectures (60.09%) and practical operations (54.63%).

Conclusions

Currently, the public health committees in Pudong New Area have established a multi-collaborative organizational framework. However, the committee members still need improvements in overall public health knowledge awareness, particularly in practical skills such as disinfection and protection.

, authors=Chenxin XUE1, 2, Yifeng SHEN1, 2, Panpan CHEN1, 2, Shihong LI1, 2, Caoyi XUE3, authorsList=Chenxin XUE, Yifeng SHEN, Panpan CHEN, Shihong LI, Caoyi XUE, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shihong LI, Caoyi XUE, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
LI Shihong, E-mail:
XUE Caoyi, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Chinese Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320432055930966387, articleId=1320432049127805289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=CN, title=上海市浦东新区公共卫生委员会成员公共卫生知识知晓情况:一项2024年横断面调查, columnId=1320427686770622717, journalTitle=中国公共卫生, columnName=调查报告与分析, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分析上海市浦东新区村(居)公共卫生委员会成员的公共卫生知识知晓情况及培训需求,为加强基层公共卫生队伍建设提供依据。

方法

采用横断面调查方法,于2024年7—8月通过问卷星平台对浦东新区1 525个村(居)委的5 365名委员会成员进行在线问卷调查,采用χ2检验和多元logistic回归进行相关因素分析。

结果

调查对象总体公共卫生知识知晓率为54.71%,其中消毒与个人防护维度知晓率最低(45.41%);不同性别、年龄、学历、岗位类别、地区、新冠病毒感染期间参与流行病学调查次数、培训需求均对公共卫生知识得分有影响(均P<0.05)。多因素分析表明,女性(OR=1.215,95%CI=1.078~1.369)、本科及以上学历(OR=1.305,95%CI=1.063~1.603)、家庭医生(OR=2.022,95%CI=1.698~2.407)、城郊结合地区(OR=1.202,95%CI=1.034~1.398)、流行病学调查次数>10次(OR=1.469,95%CI=1.238~1.743)成员知识知晓情况明显更好;>55岁(OR=0.674,95%CI=0.524~0.868)、偏远农村(OR=0.82,95%CI=0.675~0.996)、无培训意愿成员(OR=0.682,95%CI=0.572~0.814)知识知晓率更低。培训需求分析显示,调查对象最需要常见传染病防治(70.89%)和消毒防护(70.61%)知识培训,培训方式和内容偏好于现场授课(60.09%)和实践操作(54.63%)。

结论

浦东新区公共卫生委员会已形成多元协作的组织框架,但成员总体公共卫生知识知晓率仍待提升,尤其在消毒防护等实操技能方面存在明显短板。

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薛晨欣(1991—),主管医师,硕士,研究方向:消毒学和综合业务管理

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李世宏,E-mail:
薛曹怡,E-mail:
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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320432049127805289, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Comparison of public health knowledge awareness among members of public health committees with different characteristics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征调查人数构成比/%知晓人数知晓率/%χ2值P值
性别17.206<0.001
男性1 68231.3585050.54
女性368368.65208556.61
年龄/岁20.761<0.001
<351 01518.9258958.03
35~55342663.861 90055.46
>5592417.2244648.27
学历26.320<0.001
大专以下85015.8440647.76
大专1 39626.0274253.15
本科及以上3 11958.141 78757.29
岗位类别69.542<0.001
专职村(居)工作人员361767.421 90152.56
村(居)志愿者1 00918.8152552.03
家庭医生73913.7750968.88
地区23.634<0.001
城区1 23222.9666353.81
城郊结合1 75332.671 03959.27
一般农村1 70631.8289152.23
偏远农村67412.5634250.74
参与流行病学调查次数/次72.653<0.001
0~69913.0334449.21
1~51 39225.9567348.68
6~1054510.1627049.54
>102 72950.871 64860.39
培训意愿17.881<0.001
有477889.062 66255.71
无58710.9427346.51
合计53652 93554.71
), ArticleFig(id=1320432076889903537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320432049127805289, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同特征公共卫生委员会成员公共卫生知识知晓情况比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征调查人数构成比/%知晓人数知晓率/%χ2值P值
性别17.206<0.001
男性1 68231.3585050.54
女性368368.65208556.61
年龄/岁20.761<0.001
<351 01518.9258958.03
35~55342663.861 90055.46
>5592417.2244648.27
学历26.320<0.001
大专以下85015.8440647.76
大专1 39626.0274253.15
本科及以上3 11958.141 78757.29
岗位类别69.542<0.001
专职村(居)工作人员361767.421 90152.56
村(居)志愿者1 00918.8152552.03
家庭医生73913.7750968.88
地区23.634<0.001
城区1 23222.9666353.81
城郊结合1 75332.671 03959.27
一般农村1 70631.8289152.23
偏远农村67412.5634250.74
参与流行病学调查次数/次72.653<0.001
0~69913.0334449.21
1~51 39225.9567348.68
6~1054510.1627049.54
>102 72950.871 64860.39
培训意愿17.881<0.001
有477889.062 66255.71
无58710.9427346.51
合计53652 93554.71
), ArticleFig(id=1320432077204476338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320432049127805289, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Comparison of public health knowledge awareness across different dimensions among participants with diverse characteristics

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特征常见疾病防控健康生活方式和行为消毒和个人防护
知晓人数知晓率/%χ2值P值知晓人数知晓率/%χ2值P值知晓人数知晓率/%χ2值P值
性别9.0860.0035.6000.0188.6360.003
男性1 07764.031 44986.1571442.45
女性2 51268.213 25788.431 72246.76
年龄/岁11.6670.0036.3880.04115.402<0.001
<3570369.2690088.6750249.46
35~552 31067.43301888.091 55945.50
>5557662.3478885.2837540.58
学历28.787<0.0017.3170.02616.498<0.001
大专以下52762.0072685.4133239.06
大专88563.401 21587.0364646.28
本科及以上2 17769.802 76588.651 45846.75
岗位类别67.158<0.00112.2040.00115.690<0.001
专职村(居)工作人员2 33164.453 17087.641 61044.51
村(居)志愿者66766.1186385.5344143.71
家庭医生59179.9767391.0738552.10
地区20.952<0.0017.5530.05642.190<0.001
城区84668.671 05385.4756846.10
城郊结合部1 22870.051 54988.3688950.71
一般农村1 08463.541 51088.5172542.50
偏远农村43163.9559488.1325437.69
参与流行病学调查次数/次74.453<0.00126.863<0.00149.581<0.001
0~45164.5259084.4126237.48
1~583059.631 19285.6358141.74
6~1033962.2046986.0623142.39
>101 96972.152 45589.961 36249.91
培训意愿0.0240.8760.6170.4320.4380.508
有3 19866.93419787.842 17745.56
无39166.6150986.7125944.12
合计358966.90470687.722 43645.41
), ArticleFig(id=1320432077338694067, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320432049127805289, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同特征对象不同维度公共卫生知识知晓情况比较

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特征常见疾病防控健康生活方式和行为消毒和个人防护
知晓人数知晓率/%χ2值P值知晓人数知晓率/%χ2值P值知晓人数知晓率/%χ2值P值
性别9.0860.0035.6000.0188.6360.003
男性1 07764.031 44986.1571442.45
女性2 51268.213 25788.431 72246.76
年龄/岁11.6670.0036.3880.04115.402<0.001
<3570369.2690088.6750249.46
35~552 31067.43301888.091 55945.50
>5557662.3478885.2837540.58
学历28.787<0.0017.3170.02616.498<0.001
大专以下52762.0072685.4133239.06
大专88563.401 21587.0364646.28
本科及以上2 17769.802 76588.651 45846.75
岗位类别67.158<0.00112.2040.00115.690<0.001
专职村(居)工作人员2 33164.453 17087.641 61044.51
村(居)志愿者66766.1186385.5344143.71
家庭医生59179.9767391.0738552.10
地区20.952<0.0017.5530.05642.190<0.001
城区84668.671 05385.4756846.10
城郊结合部1 22870.051 54988.3688950.71
一般农村1 08463.541 51088.5172542.50
偏远农村43163.9559488.1325437.69
参与流行病学调查次数/次74.453<0.00126.863<0.00149.581<0.001
0~45164.5259084.4126237.48
1~583059.631 19285.6358141.74
6~1033962.2046986.0623142.39
>101 96972.152 45589.961 36249.91
培训意愿0.0240.8760.6170.4320.4380.508
有3 19866.93419787.842 17745.56
无39166.6150986.7125944.12
合计358966.90470687.722 43645.41
), ArticleFig(id=1320432077640683956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320432049127805289, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis of awareness rate of public health knowledge

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因素参照组比较组β $ S_{\overline{x}} $Wald χ2值P值OR值95%CI
性别男性女性0.1940.06110.1480.0011.2151.078~1.369
年龄/岁<3535~55–0.1420.0753.5580.0590.8680.749~1.006
>55–0.3940.1299.3310.0020.6740.524~0.868
学历大专以下大专0.2060.1073.6900.0551.2290.996~1.516
本科及以上0.2670.1056.4920.0111.3051.063~1.603
岗位类别村(居)工作人员村(居)志愿者0.3340.10210.7250.0011.3961.143~1.705
家庭医生0.7040.08962.6460.0002.0221.698~2.407
地区城区城郊结合0.1840.0775.7420.0171.2021.034~1.398
一般农村–0.1300.0782.7650.0960.8780.754~1.023
偏远农村–0.1990.0994.0070.0450.8200.675~0.996
流行病学调查次数/次0~1~5–0.0510.0940.2970.5860.9500.79~1.142
6~10–0.0360.1160.0940.7600.9650.769~1.212
>100.3850.08719.4780.0001.4691.238~1.743
培训意愿有无–0.3830.09017.9810.0000.6820.572~0.814
), ArticleFig(id=1320432077720375733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320432049127805289, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

公共卫生知识知晓率的多因素非条件logistic回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素参照组比较组β $ S_{\overline{x}} $Wald χ2值P值OR值95%CI
性别男性女性0.1940.06110.1480.0011.2151.078~1.369
年龄/岁<3535~55–0.1420.0753.5580.0590.8680.749~1.006
>55–0.3940.1299.3310.0020.6740.524~0.868
学历大专以下大专0.2060.1073.6900.0551.2290.996~1.516
本科及以上0.2670.1056.4920.0111.3051.063~1.603
岗位类别村(居)工作人员村(居)志愿者0.3340.10210.7250.0011.3961.143~1.705
家庭医生0.7040.08962.6460.0002.0221.698~2.407
地区城区城郊结合0.1840.0775.7420.0171.2021.034~1.398
一般农村–0.1300.0782.7650.0960.8780.754~1.023
偏远农村–0.1990.0994.0070.0450.8200.675~0.996
流行病学调查次数/次0~1~5–0.0510.0940.2970.5860.9500.79~1.142
6~10–0.0360.1160.0940.7600.9650.769~1.212
>100.3850.08719.4780.0001.4691.238~1.743
培训意愿有无–0.3830.09017.9810.0000.6820.572~0.814
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薛晨欣 1, 2 , 沈奕峰 1, 2 , 陈盼盼 1, 2 , 李世宏 1, 2, *, * , 薛曹怡 3, *, *
中国公共卫生 | 调查报告与分析 2026,42(7): 863-868
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上海市浦东新区公共卫生委员会成员公共卫生知识知晓情况:一项2024年横断面调查
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薛晨欣(1991—),主管医师,硕士,研究方向:消毒学和综合业务管理

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薛晨欣(1991—),主管医师,硕士,研究方向:消毒学和综合业务管理

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薛晨欣1, 2, 沈奕峰1, 2, 陈盼盼1, 2, 李世宏1, 2, *, * , 薛曹怡3, *, *
作者信息
  • 1上海市浦东新区疾病预防控制中心(上海市浦东新区卫生健康监督所),上海 200136
  • 2复旦大学浦东预防医学研究院,上海 200136
  • 3上海市浦东卫生发展研究院,上海 200129
通讯作者:
李世宏,E-mail:
薛曹怡,E-mail:
作者简介:

薛晨欣(1991—),主管医师,硕士,研究方向:消毒学和综合业务管理

Awareness of public health knowledge among members of the public health committees of Pudong New Area, Shanghai: a cross-sectional study, 2024
Chenxin XUE1, 2, Yifeng SHEN1, 2, Panpan CHEN1, 2, Shihong LI1, 2 , Caoyi XUE3
Affiliations
  • 1Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Shanghai Pudong New Area Health Supervision Institute), Shanghai 200136, China
  • 2Pudong Institute of Preventive Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200136, China
  • 3Pudong Institute for Health Development, Shanghai, Shanghai 200129, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    LI Shihong, E-mail:
    XUE Caoyi, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-07-10 doi: 10.11847/zgggws1148445
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目的

分析上海市浦东新区村(居)公共卫生委员会成员的公共卫生知识知晓情况及培训需求,为加强基层公共卫生队伍建设提供依据。

方法

采用横断面调查方法,于2024年7—8月通过问卷星平台对浦东新区1 525个村(居)委的5 365名委员会成员进行在线问卷调查,采用χ2检验和多元logistic回归进行相关因素分析。

结果

调查对象总体公共卫生知识知晓率为54.71%,其中消毒与个人防护维度知晓率最低(45.41%);不同性别、年龄、学历、岗位类别、地区、新冠病毒感染期间参与流行病学调查次数、培训需求均对公共卫生知识得分有影响(均P<0.05)。多因素分析表明,女性(OR=1.215,95%CI=1.078~1.369)、本科及以上学历(OR=1.305,95%CI=1.063~1.603)、家庭医生(OR=2.022,95%CI=1.698~2.407)、城郊结合地区(OR=1.202,95%CI=1.034~1.398)、流行病学调查次数>10次(OR=1.469,95%CI=1.238~1.743)成员知识知晓情况明显更好;>55岁(OR=0.674,95%CI=0.524~0.868)、偏远农村(OR=0.82,95%CI=0.675~0.996)、无培训意愿成员(OR=0.682,95%CI=0.572~0.814)知识知晓率更低。培训需求分析显示,调查对象最需要常见传染病防治(70.89%)和消毒防护(70.61%)知识培训,培训方式和内容偏好于现场授课(60.09%)和实践操作(54.63%)。

结论

浦东新区公共卫生委员会已形成多元协作的组织框架,但成员总体公共卫生知识知晓率仍待提升,尤其在消毒防护等实操技能方面存在明显短板。

公共卫生委员会  /  公共卫生知识:知晓率  /  培训需求  /  横断面调查  /  浦东新区
Objective

To systematically evaluate the public health knowledge awareness and training needs of members of the village (community) public health committees in Pudong New Area,Shanghai, thereby providing a basis for strengthening the capacity building of primary-level public health teams.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted online via the Questionnaire Star platform from July to August 2024, covering 5 365 committee members from 1 525 villages (communities) in Pudong New Area. The questionnaire included basic information and public health knowledge in three dimensions: prevention and control of common diseases, healthy lifestyles and behaviors, and knowledge and skills of disinfection and protection. Data were analyzed by χ2 tests and multivariate logistic regression.

Results

The overall awareness rate of public health knowledge among the participants was 54.71%, and the awareness rate in the dimension of disinfection and personal protection was the lowest (45.41%). Different genders, ages, educational backgrounds, job categories, regions, number of participation times in epidemiological investigations during the COVID-19 pandemic, and training needs all affected public health knowledge scores (all P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that females (OR = 1.215, 95%CI: 1.078–1.369), those with a bachelor′s degree or above (OR = 1.305, 95%CI: 1.063–1.603), family doctors (OR = 2.022, 95%CI: 1.698–2.407), residents in urban fringe areas (OR = 1.202, 95%CI: 1.034–1.398), and those who underwent more than 10 epidemiological investigations (OR = 1.469, 95%CI: 1.238–1.743) had significantly better knowledge awareness. The awareness rates of those over 55 years old (OR = 0.674, 95%CI: 0.524–0.868), those in remote rural areas (OR = 0.82, 95%CI: 0.675–0.996), and those without training willingness (OR=0.682, 95%CI: 0.572–0.814) were lower. Training needs analysis revealed that the most demanded topics were infectious disease prevention and control (70.89%) and disinfection and protection skills (70.61%), with preferred training methods being on-site lectures (60.09%) and practical operations (54.63%).

Conclusions

Currently, the public health committees in Pudong New Area have established a multi-collaborative organizational framework. However, the committee members still need improvements in overall public health knowledge awareness, particularly in practical skills such as disinfection and protection.

public health committees  /  public health knowledge: awareness rate  /  training needs  /  cross-sectional survey  /  Pudong New Area
薛晨欣, 沈奕峰, 陈盼盼, 李世宏, 薛曹怡. 上海市浦东新区公共卫生委员会成员公共卫生知识知晓情况:一项2024年横断面调查. 中国公共卫生, 2026 , 42 (7) : 863 -868 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1148445
Chenxin XUE, Yifeng SHEN, Panpan CHEN, Shihong LI, Caoyi XUE. Awareness of public health knowledge among members of the public health committees of Pudong New Area, Shanghai: a cross-sectional study, 2024[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2026 , 42 (7) : 863 -868 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1148445
2016年10月,中共中央、国务院印发《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》,提出“共建共享、全民健康”的战略主题,强调了全社会共同治理以推进健康中国建设。加强基层公共卫生治理是推进基层健康治理体系建设的关键点和突破口,我国早在1982年《中华人民共和国宪法》中明确规定要求村民委员会设公共卫生委员会。2021年12月,民政部等四部门联合下发《关于加强村(居)民委员会公共卫生委员会建设的指导意见》(民发〔2021〕5号)[1],上海市于2022年出台《加强居(村)民委员会公共卫生委员会建设实施方案》(沪民基发〔2022〕8号),明确提出“2023年底前实现公共卫生委员会全覆盖”的目标[2]。目前北京市、安徽省、广州市等地已进行基层公共卫生委员会的实践探索,但国内对公共卫生委员会的研究以定性为主[3–6]。为提升基层公共卫生服务能力,本研究于2024年7—8月对上海市浦东新区基层公共卫生委员会5 365名成员进行问卷调查,分析成员的公共卫生知识知晓情况和培训需求,为后续制定有针对性的培训和能力提升措施提供科学依据。
浦东新区全区36个街镇共成立1 525个村(居)公共卫生委员会,委员会成员由村(居)委工作人员、村(居)委志愿者、家庭医生组成。每个委员会成员3~8人,浦东新区共有成员7 925人,其中村(居)委工作人员5 135人,村(居)委志愿者1 544人,家庭医生1 246人,占比分别是64.80%、19.48%、15.72%。于2024年7—8月对1 525个委员会进行全覆盖调查,每个委员会随机抽取3~4名成员发放调查问卷,共发放问卷5 959份,回收有效问卷5 365份,有效回收率90.03%。本次调查采用匿名调查方式,不涉及调查者姓名、家庭住址等敏感信息,年龄、性别等信息采用数字代码进行脱敏,且调查前已获得调查对象知情同意。
本次研究为横断面调查,调查问卷设计基于前期项目组对部分街镇负责人、居委会负责人、社区卫生服务中心工作人员进行的调研访谈情况确定调查内容。参照《中国公民健康素养——基本知识与技能(2024年版)》[7]、晋菲斐开发的中国居民传染病健康素养量表[8–9]设计调查问卷,该问卷经过专家咨询,并在正式调查前对村(居)委公共卫生委员会人员进行预调查,具有较高的内容效度,问卷的Cronbach′s α系数为0.75。问卷内容分为公共卫生委员会成员基本信息、公共卫生知识知晓情况、培训需求3个部分。基本信息包括年龄、性别、学历、岗位、地区、新冠病毒感染疫情期间参与简单流行病学调查的次数等。公共卫生知识知晓情况包括常见疾病防控知识、健康生活方式和行为、消毒和防护知识技能3个维度内容,每个维度分别设5题单选题,每题1分,共15分,得分越高,表明公共卫生知识水平相对较好。总体知识≥12分(满分15分)即判定为“知晓”,总体知识知晓率为总体知识≥12分的人数占总调查人数的百分比;各维度知识≥4分(满分5分)即判定为各维度知识“知晓”,各维度知识知晓率为各维度知识≥4分的人数占调查人数的百分比。培训需求调查为多选,主要为培训内容和培训方式。
问卷由上海市浦东新区卫生健康委统一下发,各街镇社会事业办公室负责汇总收集信息及解释动员,问卷调查结束后,区疾病预防控制中心对问卷进行质量核查。本次调查利用问卷星平台进行在线调查及数据采集,为防止重复填写的情况,通过问卷星的系统设置,限定每个微信号仅能参与一次问卷作答。此外,所有题目均设为必填项。
数据经清理、核查、比对后使用SPSS 22.0进行一般描述性分析、χ2 检验、多因素非条件logistic回归分析。用Bonferroni法进行χ2 检验的多重比较,2个率的比较采用双侧检验,α=0.05,3个率比较调整后双侧检验水准α´=0.017,4个率比较α´调整后双侧检验水准α´=0.008。logistic回归分析检验水准为双侧检验α=0.05。
本次调查共计有5 365名调查对象纳入分析,其中男性1 682人(31.35%),女性3 683人(68.65%);年龄为23~81岁,年龄<35岁1 015人(18.92%),35~55岁3 426人(63.86%),>55岁924人(17.22%);学历大专以下850人(15.84%),大专1 396人(26.02%),本科及以上3 119人(58.14%);岗位类别专职村(居)工作人员3 617人(67.42%),村(居)志愿者1 009人(18.81%),家庭医生739人(13.77%)。地区按浦东“卫生八条”[10]办法分为四类,城区有1 232人(22.96%),城郊接合部1 753人(32.67%),一般农村1 706人(31.82%),偏远农村674人(12.56%);大部分调查对象都参与过新冠病毒感染疫情的简单流行病学调查,未参与流行病学调查者699人(13.03%),参与流行病学调查1~5次1 392人(25.95%),6~10次545人(10.16%),>10次2 729人(50.87%);有培训需求4 778人(89.06%),无培训需求587人(10.94%)。公共卫生知识知晓率为54.71%。不同性别、年龄、学历、岗位类别、地区、参与流行病学调查次数、培训需求调查对象公共卫生知识得分均不同。女性公卫知识水平高于男性,年龄>55岁的调查对象公卫知识水平低于其他年龄段,学历本科以下调查对象公卫知识水平低于本科及以上者,家庭医生公卫知识水平高于其他岗位类别人群,城镇地区调查对象知识水平高于农村地区,参与过流行病学调查的调查对象知识水平高于未参与过流行病学调查者,有培训需求调查对象知识水平高于无培训需求,以上差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。
调查对象公共卫生知识中健康生活方式和行为得分为(4.40±0.82)分,常见疾病防控知识得分为(3.80±1.14)分,消毒和个人防护得分为(3.17±1.20)分。男性在公共卫生知识的3个维度知晓率均低于女性;年龄>55岁调查对象在常见病防控、消毒与个人防护维度知识知晓率低于其他年龄段人群(均P<0.017);大专以下学历人群在常见病防控、消毒与个人防护维度知识知晓率低于大专以上学历人群(均P<0.017);家庭医生3个维度知识知晓率均高于其他岗位类别(均P<0.017)。城区和城郊结合地区调查对象在常见疾病防控、消毒和个人防护维度均高于一般农村和偏远农村(均P<0.008),健康生活方式和行为维度地区之间无明显差异(P<0.008)。参与>10次流行病学调查人群在3个维度知识知晓率均高于其他人群(均P<0.008)。有培训意愿人群与无培训意愿人群比较,3个维度知识知晓率无明显差异(P>0.05)。
以公共卫生委员会成员是否知晓公共卫生知识为因变量(1=是,0=否),以性别、年龄、学历、岗位类别、地区、参与流行病学调查次数、培训需求为自变量进行多因素非条件logistic回归分析。结果显示,女性(OR=1.215,95%CI=1.078~1.369)、本科及以上学历(OR=1.305,95%CI=1.063~1.603)、家庭医生(OR=2.022,95%CI=1.698~2.407)、城郊结合地区(OR=1.202,95%CI=1.034~1.398)、流行病学调查次数>10次(OR=1.469,95%CI=1.238~1.743)成员知识知晓情况明显更好;>55岁(OR=0.674,95%CI=0.524~0.868)、偏远农村(OR=0.82,95%CI=0.675~0.996)、无培训意愿(OR=0.682,95%CI=0.572~0.814)成员知识知晓率更低。
对5 365名调查对象的培训需求调查发现,需求排名前5的培训类目依次是社区常见传染病的防治为70.89%(3 803/5 365)、环境消毒与个人防护相关知识为70.61%(3 788/5 365)、常见传染病的基本知识为70.55%(3 785/5 365)、社区慢性病的防治为70.38%(3 776/5 365)、心理健康培训为70.10%(3 761/5 365)。培训方式的选择由高到低依次是现场授课60.09%(3 224/5 365)、实践操作54.63%(2 931/5 365)、网课54.20%(2 908/5 365)、自学26.62%(1 428/5 365)。
本研究通过对浦东新区所有村(居)公共卫生委员会全覆盖横断面调查,系统评估了公共卫生委员会成员的公共卫生知识知晓情况及其影响因素,并分析了其培训需求。结果显示,在上海市政府和浦东新区政府主导下,浦东新区初步完成基层公共卫生网络建设,构建了以村(居)委会工作人员为主、家庭医生为技术支撑、志愿者为辅助的多元协作模式,其成员总体公共卫生知识知晓率为54.71%,尚未达到较高水平。这提示作为基层公共卫生治理的中坚力量,公共卫生委员会的社区健康治理水平仍存在较大提升空间,应加强人员培训,提升委员会成员公共卫生专业能力。
公共卫生知识知晓率单因素、多因素分析均显示,性别、年龄、学历、岗位类别、地区、参与流行病学调查次数均与公共卫生知识知晓率相关。首先,专业背景和实践经验是关键。家庭医生的公共卫生知识水平显著高于村(居)工作人员、志愿者,这与其医学教育背景和日常工作内容高度相关,凸显了专业力量在基层公卫体系中的核心作用。因此,基层医卫人员的加入对公共卫生委员会的发展十分关键,补充了村居委人员、志愿者专业性的不足。李锋等[11]的研究也证明,以家庭医生团队为基点进行网格化干预,能有效提升基层村居公共卫生应急应对人员的传染病素养及消毒技能。同时,具有>10次新冠病毒感染疫情简单流行病学调查经历者知识知晓率更高,表明重大公共卫生事件的实践是提升基层人员能力的有效途径。其次,个体基本特征对公卫知识知晓率影响显著。女性成员公共卫生知识知晓率普遍高于男性,这可能与其对健康相关知识具有更高关注度有关[12]。>55岁人群公共卫生知识知晓率明显较低,可能与认知能力下降、健康信息获取渠道减少等原因有关[13]。文化程度对公共卫生知识的知晓情况有影响,高文化程度人群的知识知晓情况较好,可能归因于其更强的学习能力和知识获取渠道[14–16]。
对不同维度公共卫生知识知晓率分析发现,消毒与个人防护知识知晓率远低于健康生活方式和行为、常见疾病防控知识2个维度。这一维度的知识涉及消毒与个人防护相关行为形成,揭示了“知”与“行”脱节,成员对理论性、常识性的健康生活方式知识掌握较好,但一旦涉及需要专业性实践技能的领域,能力短板便暴露无遗。这很大程度上源于大部分村(居)委会尚未进行过演练或疫情后未再进行演练,缺乏实战经验,导致公共卫生委员会成员技能与传染病防控相关专业性不足。胡西子[17]的研究指出,公共卫生委员会职能胜任力中突发公共卫生应急能力普遍成为短板、应急职能认知缺失。对公共卫生委员会成员培训需求调查分析发现,社区常见传染病防治和消毒防护位列培训类目首位,表明成员普遍意识到自身技能短板,亟需通过培训提升公共卫生知识储备和应急能力。
公共卫生专业人员不足和公共卫生知识水平不足是限制公共卫生委员会发挥效能的因素,调查分析发现,有培训需求人群知识水平高于无培训需求人群,因此应通过分层分类针对性培训和“传帮带”机制提升内生动力。针对不同岗位类别人员,应分层分类设计培训课程体系,利用“点单式”培训平台提升成员能力,开发“微课+实践”模块化课程。村(居)公共卫生委员会中非医学专业人员(村居委人员、志愿者)的培训,突出基层服务能力和实践技能,与医学专业人员形成差异化培养路径,弱化专业理论、侧重基础卫生知识普及,如常见病防控要点、环境卫生消毒要点、疫情上报流程、个人防护操作要点、重点人群健康宣教与服务等。 推行1名家庭医生结对指导多个社区工作人员/志愿者骨干的模式,通过定期组织线下培训学习、线上点对点推送知识培训内容、编制发放培训资料等方式,将家庭医生的专业优势赋能给社区公共卫生网络。同时,针对提高村(居)委公共卫生应急能力,相关主管部门(卫生健康、民政等部门)应制定明确的应急预案,为村(居)委会提供统一的应急预案模板,包含基本要素,村(居)委会可根据自身特点填空完善,定期演练,根据演练情况调整,确保预案有效。与社区卫生服务中心、街镇、疾控部门建立应急联动机制,确保信息互通和资源协调。
综上,建议开展分层分类的精准化培训,建立家庭医生"传帮带"机制,完善应急演练体系,以全面提升基层公共卫生服务能力。本文尚存在不足之处:本次公共卫生委员会成员知识水平评估采用单选题形式,可能无法全面反映成员的实际能力水平,下一步对成员开展针对性培训后,纵向设计综合评估基层公共卫生人员能力建设成效。

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2026年第42卷第7期
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doi: 10.11847/zgggws1148445
  • 接收时间:2025-07-15
  • 首发时间:2026-10-23
  • 出版时间:2026-07-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-15
  • 修回日期:2025-09-21
  • 录用日期:2026-03-11
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    1上海市浦东新区疾病预防控制中心(上海市浦东新区卫生健康监督所),上海 200136
    2复旦大学浦东预防医学研究院,上海 200136
    3上海市浦东卫生发展研究院,上海 200129

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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