Article(id=1320428930100736248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320428830876086873, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11847/zgggws1147758, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1744473600000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-13, revisedDate=1768492800000, revisedDateStr=2026-01-16, acceptedDate=1773158400000, acceptedDateStr=2026-03-11, onlineDate=1792744389318, onlineDateStr=2026-10-23, pubDate=1788969600000, pubDateStr=2026-09-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792744389318, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792744389318, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792744389318, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320428830876086873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, year='2026', volume='42', issue='9', pageStart='1025', pageEnd='1152', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1788969600000', pubDateStr='2026-09-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792744365662, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792746244140, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320436709859381360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320428830876086873, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320436709859381361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320428830876086873, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1128, endPage=1134, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320428930310451449, articleId=1320428930100736248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=EN, title=Epidemiological characteristics and disease burden of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Guangdong province, 2020: an analysis based on cancer registration and follow-up system and death registration system, columnId=1320427686514770171, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Public Health, columnName=Survey and Report, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and disease burden of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in Guangdong province, 2020, providing a scientific basis for formulating effective prevention and control strategies.

Methods

Data on the incidence and mortality of NPC in the cancer registration areas of Guangdong province were collected from the cancer registration and follow-up system and death registration system. The incidence and mortality rates, China age-standardized incidence and mortality rates, world age-standardized incidence and mortality rates, and age-specific incidence and mortality rates were calculated to describe the epidemiological characteristics of NPC in Guangdong from January 1 to December 31, 2020. Indicators such as disability-adjusted life years (DALY), years of life lost (YLL), and years of life lived with disability (YLD) were adopted to evaluate the disease burden of NPC.

Results

In 2020, the incidence rate, China age-standardized incidence rate, and world age-standardized incidence rate of NPC in cancer registration areas of Guangdong province were 11.52/100 000, 9.70/100 000, and 8.87/100 000, respectively. The mortality rate, China age-standardized mortality rate, and world age-standardized mortality rate were 6.01/100 000, 4.35/100 000, and 4.24/100 000, respectively. The incidence and mortality rates, as well as the age-standardized rates (both China and world) of NPC were higher in males than in females. The incidence rate of NPC was higher in urban areas than in rural areas. However, the China age-standardized incidence rate, world age-standardized incidence rate, mortality rate, Chinese age-standardized mortality rate, and world age-standardized mortality rate were lower in urban areas than in rural areas. The incidence and mortality rates of NPC in cancer registration areas of Guangdong province first increased and then decreased with the increase in age. The incidence and mortality rates significantly increased after the ages of 30 and 35, respectively. The highest incidence and mortality rates for males were observed at ages 60–64 (44.05/100 000) and 70–74 (38.24/100 000), respectively. For females, the peak incidence rate was observed at ages 50–54 (12.70/100 000), while the peak mortality rate was observed at ages 70–74 (12.72/100 000). In urban areas, the incidence and mortality rates peaked at ages 60–64 (28.51/100 000) and 70–74 (26.49/100 000), respectively. In rural areas, the highest incidence rate was observed at ages 55–59 (27.66/100 000), and the peak mortality rate was observed at ages 75–79 (24.64/100 000). In 2020, the DALY for NPC in Guangdong was 195 388.20 person-years, with YLL accounting for 96.52% (188 596.89 person-years). The DALY rate was higher in males (296.91/100 000) than in females (88.27/100 000) and higher in rural areas (206.71/100 000) than in urban areas (184.02/100 000). The DALY rate first increased and then declined with the increase in age. The male DALY rate peaked in the 65–69 age group (961.31/100 000), whereas the female DALY rate peaked in the 70–74 age group (277.00/100 000).

Conclusions

The incidence rate, mortality rate, and disease burden of NPC were high in Guangdong province, 2020, showing an initial increase followed by a decline with the increase in age. Males and rural residents should be the key target populations for NPC prevention and control in this region.

, authors=Yixuan CHEN1, Ying ZHANG1, Yue GAO2, Yutong HAN2, Ye WANG2, Ruilin MENG2, Xueyan ZHENG2, Yu LIAO2, Zhuanping ZENG1, authorsList=Yixuan CHEN, Ying ZHANG, Yue GAO, Yutong HAN, Ye WANG, Ruilin MENG, Xueyan ZHENG, Yu LIAO, Zhuanping ZENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yu LIAO, Zhuanping ZENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
LIAO Yu, E-mail:
ZENG Zhuanping, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Chinese Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320428931883315466, articleId=1320428930100736248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=CN, title=2020年广东省鼻咽癌流行现状及其疾病负担:基于肿瘤及死因登记系统分析, columnId=1320427686770622717, journalTitle=中国公共卫生, columnName=调查报告与分析, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

了解2020年广东省鼻咽癌流行现状及其疾病负担,为科学合理地制定鼻咽癌防控策略提供参考依据。

方法

收集广东省肿瘤登记随访系统和全死因登记报告系统中鼻咽癌的发病和死亡数据资料,计算 2020 年1月1日—12月31日广东省肿瘤登记地区鼻咽癌的发病率和死亡率、中国标化发病率和死亡率、世界标化发病率和死亡率、年龄别发病率和死亡率,描述鼻咽癌的流行情况,并采用早死所致寿命损失年(YLL)、伤残所致寿命损失年(YLD)和伤残调整寿命年(DALY)等指标评价广东省鼻咽癌的疾病负担情况。

结果

2020年广东省肿瘤登记地区鼻咽癌发病率为11.52/10万,中国标化发病率为9.70/10万,世界标化发病率为8.87/10万;广东省肿瘤登记地区鼻咽癌粗死亡率为6.01/10万,中国标化死亡率为4.35/10万,世界标化死亡率为4.24/10万。男性鼻咽癌发病率、中国标化发病率、世界标化发病率、死亡率、中国标化死亡率和世界标化死亡率均高于女性;城市鼻咽癌发病率高于农村,但中国标化发病率、世界标化发病率、死亡率、中国标化死亡率和世界标化死亡率均低于农村;广东省肿瘤登记地区鼻咽癌的发病率和死亡率均随年龄的增长呈先升高而后降低趋势,发病率和死亡率分别在30岁和35岁之后显著上升;男性鼻咽癌发病率和死亡率分别在60~64岁(44.05/10万)和70~74岁(38.24/10万)达峰值;女性鼻咽癌发病率和死亡率分别在50~54岁(12.70/10万)和70~74岁(12.72/10万)达到峰值;城市鼻咽癌发病率和死亡率分别在60~64岁(28.51/10万)和70~74岁(26.49/10万)达峰值,农村鼻咽癌发病率和死亡率分别在55~59岁(27.66/10万)和75~79岁(24.64/10万)达峰值;2020年广东省鼻咽癌导致 DALY为195 388.20人年,其中 YLL为188 596.89人年,占比高达96.52%;男性 DALY 率(296.91/10万)高于女性(88.27/10万),农村 DALY 率(206.71/10万)高于城市(184.02/10万);DALY率随年龄的增长呈现先升高后降低趋势,男性 DALY 率在65~69岁最高(961.31/10万),女性 DALY 率在70~74岁最高(277.00/10万)。

结论

2020年广东省鼻咽癌的发病率、死亡率和疾病负担均较高,且均随年龄的增长呈先升高而后降低趋势,男性和农村地区居民为该地区鼻咽癌的重点防控人群。

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陈伊绚(2000—),硕士在读,研究方向:疾病预防控制

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廖羽, E-mail:
曾转萍,E-mail:
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陈伊绚(2000—),硕士在读,研究方向:疾病预防控制

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陈伊绚(2000—),硕士在读,研究方向:疾病预防控制

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The significant survival advantage of female sex in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a propensity-matched analysis[J]. British Journal of Cancer, 2015, 112(9): 1554-1561., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320428941060452720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320428930100736248, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=30, rfOrder=29, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lin J H, Wen C P, Jiang C Q, et al. Smoking and nasopharyngeal cancer: individual data meta-analysis of six prospective studies on 334935 men[J]. 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Occupational exposures and risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in a high-risk area: a population-based case-control study[J]. Cancer, 2021, 127(15): 2724-2735., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320428941257585011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320428930100736248, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=33, rfOrder=32, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=E M, Yin J Z, Jin W, et al. Wood dust exposure and risks of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a meta-analysis[J]. 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Virus Research, 2023, 331: 199117., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320428932101419275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320428930100736248, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320428932109807884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320428930100736248, companyId=1320428932101419275, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510310, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320428932118196493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320428930100736248, companyId=1320428932101419275, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1广东药科大学公共卫生学院,广州 510310)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320428932181111054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320428930100736248, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320428932189499663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320428930100736248, companyId=1320428932181111054, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2Institute of Chronic Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320428932197888272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320428930100736248, companyId=1320428932181111054, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2广东省疾病预防控制中心慢性非传染性疾病预防控制所,广州 511430)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320428936937451853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320428930100736248, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Age-specific incidence rates of nasopharyngeal carcinoma among all, urban, and rural residents in cancer registration areas of Guangdong province, 2020

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄/岁全省城市农村
合计男性女性合计男性女性合计男性女性
0~40.030.060.000.040.080.000.000.000.00
5~90.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
10~140.160.230.090.240.330.130.000.000.00
15~190.620.790.420.720.930.470.430.510.32
20~241.412.030.681.742.371.000.731.340.00
25~293.904.842.904.125.113.103.284.112.29
30~348.3112.124.737.9311.874.429.6112.895.89
35~3912.8119.216.8912.8319.467.0312.7618.416.32
40~4416.1324.538.0815.7723.828.3117.3926.837.23
45~4921.9431.5212.4621.5830.7112.5923.1434.1912.03
50~5424.7036.6912.7024.6237.6011.6424.9234.1915.61
55~5926.4240.2512.5125.9740.1711.8127.6640.4714.51
60~6427.4344.0511.3128.5146.0011.9224.3138.649.45
65~6923.9438.1210.8023.5337.9810.6325.1738.5311.37
70~7422.9635.3311.3821.9134.9810.2526.1136.2715.10
75~7916.7526.138.4817.9327.969.4513.8021.905.86
80~8410.5013.208.369.7814.296.2812.2910.5613.71
≥856.8912.683.438.0014.384.354.299.061.18
), ArticleFig(id=1320428937025532238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320428930100736248, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2020年广东省肿瘤登记地区城乡鼻咽癌年龄别发病率(1/10万)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄/岁全省城市农村
合计男性女性合计男性女性合计男性女性
0~40.030.060.000.040.080.000.000.000.00
5~90.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
10~140.160.230.090.240.330.130.000.000.00
15~190.620.790.420.720.930.470.430.510.32
20~241.412.030.681.742.371.000.731.340.00
25~293.904.842.904.125.113.103.284.112.29
30~348.3112.124.737.9311.874.429.6112.895.89
35~3912.8119.216.8912.8319.467.0312.7618.416.32
40~4416.1324.538.0815.7723.828.3117.3926.837.23
45~4921.9431.5212.4621.5830.7112.5923.1434.1912.03
50~5424.7036.6912.7024.6237.6011.6424.9234.1915.61
55~5926.4240.2512.5125.9740.1711.8127.6640.4714.51
60~6427.4344.0511.3128.5146.0011.9224.3138.649.45
65~6923.9438.1210.8023.5337.9810.6325.1738.5311.37
70~7422.9635.3311.3821.9134.9810.2526.1136.2715.10
75~7916.7526.138.4817.9327.969.4513.8021.905.86
80~8410.5013.208.369.7814.296.2812.2910.5613.71
≥856.8912.683.438.0014.384.354.299.061.18
), ArticleFig(id=1320428937092641103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320428930100736248, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Age-specific mortality rates of nasopharyngeal carcinoma among all, urban, and rural residents in cancer registration areas of Guangdong province, 2020

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄/岁全省城市农村
合计男性女性合计男性女性合计男性女性
0~40.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
5~90.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
10~140.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
15~190.060.100.000.000.000.000.140.260.00
20~240.090.170.000.000.000.000.240.450.00
25~290.450.580.310.430.540.330.470.650.25
30~341.201.730.691.151.700.671.321.810.77
35~392.444.210.801.983.560.613.765.801.44
40~444.447.701.363.896.551.505.9010.500.94
45~497.4410.744.246.839.344.429.1414.533.72
50~549.9516.473.488.9414.783.1712.4620.634.26
55~5914.1721.296.9913.1620.955.3516.7622.1611.21
60~6417.5927.617.8316.9926.707.7319.2329.968.10
65~6921.7936.388.2321.8638.207.2221.6131.5311.37
70~7425.0538.2412.7226.4941.4913.1721.0329.9911.33
75~7920.4232.749.5518.6032.227.0924.6433.8515.62
80~8417.8727.0310.5818.2128.959.7917.0622.6412.46
≥858.5111.326.816.517.106.1812.8819.938.28
), ArticleFig(id=1320428937163944272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320428930100736248, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

2020年广东省肿瘤登记地区城乡鼻咽癌年龄别死亡率(1/10万)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年龄/岁全省城市农村
合计男性女性合计男性女性合计男性女性
0~40.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
5~90.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
10~140.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
15~190.060.100.000.000.000.000.140.260.00
20~240.090.170.000.000.000.000.240.450.00
25~290.450.580.310.430.540.330.470.650.25
30~341.201.730.691.151.700.671.321.810.77
35~392.444.210.801.983.560.613.765.801.44
40~444.447.701.363.896.551.505.9010.500.94
45~497.4410.744.246.839.344.429.1414.533.72
50~549.9516.473.488.9414.783.1712.4620.634.26
55~5914.1721.296.9913.1620.955.3516.7622.1611.21
60~6417.5927.617.8316.9926.707.7319.2329.968.10
65~6921.7936.388.2321.8638.207.2221.6131.5311.37
70~7425.0538.2412.7226.4941.4913.1721.0329.9911.33
75~7920.4232.749.5518.6032.227.0924.6433.8515.62
80~8417.8727.0310.5818.2128.959.7917.0622.6412.46
≥858.5111.326.816.517.106.1812.8819.938.28
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Age-specific disease burden of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by gender in Guangdong province, 2020

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年龄/岁YLL率(1/10万)YLD率(1/10万)DALY率(1/10万)
合计男性女性合计男性女性合计男性女性
0~40.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
5~90.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
10~140.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
15~194.157.600.000.190.340.004.347.940.00
20~246.2711.610.000.320.600.006.5912.210.00
25~2928.6737.1119.571.902.281.4830.5739.3921.06
30~3471.95102.6041.035.347.692.9777.29110.2944.01
35~39135.52228.1343.677.9513.082.85143.47241.2146.52
40~44221.82379.6466.9611.0418.313.91232.86397.9670.87
45~49329.63477.18188.5112.7618.027.73342.39495.20196.24
50~54392.13652.62137.9013.1821.964.62405.31674.58142.52
55~59495.95743.33243.8913.3119.377.14509.26762.71251.03
60~64539.38835.39236.8114.7822.946.43554.16858.32243.24
65~69573.13934.31211.4516.2327.005.45589.36961.31216.90
70~74545.21814.06270.7714.8323.256.23560.04837.30277.00
75~79356.21560.00163.2712.9021.284.97369.11581.28168.24
80~84239.55357.90140.006.8610.353.93246.41368.24143.94
≥8585.48113.0668.072.242.851.8687.73115.9169.93
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2020年广东省不同年龄组居民鼻咽癌疾病负担情况

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年龄/岁YLL率(1/10万)YLD率(1/10万)DALY率(1/10万)
合计男性女性合计男性女性合计男性女性
0~40.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
5~90.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
10~140.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00
15~194.157.600.000.190.340.004.347.940.00
20~246.2711.610.000.320.600.006.5912.210.00
25~2928.6737.1119.571.902.281.4830.5739.3921.06
30~3471.95102.6041.035.347.692.9777.29110.2944.01
35~39135.52228.1343.677.9513.082.85143.47241.2146.52
40~44221.82379.6466.9611.0418.313.91232.86397.9670.87
45~49329.63477.18188.5112.7618.027.73342.39495.20196.24
50~54392.13652.62137.9013.1821.964.62405.31674.58142.52
55~59495.95743.33243.8913.3119.377.14509.26762.71251.03
60~64539.38835.39236.8114.7822.946.43554.16858.32243.24
65~69573.13934.31211.4516.2327.005.45589.36961.31216.90
70~74545.21814.06270.7714.8323.256.23560.04837.30277.00
75~79356.21560.00163.2712.9021.284.97369.11581.28168.24
80~84239.55357.90140.006.8610.353.93246.41368.24143.94
≥8585.48113.0668.072.242.851.8687.73115.9169.93
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2020年广东省鼻咽癌流行现状及其疾病负担:基于肿瘤及死因登记系统分析
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陈伊绚 1 , 张莹 1 , 高玥 2 , 韩毓桐 2 , 王晔 2 , 孟瑞琳 2 , 郑雪燕 2 , 廖羽 2, *, * , 曾转萍 1, *, *
中国公共卫生 | 调查报告与分析 2026,42(9): 1128-1134
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中国公共卫生 |调查报告与分析 2026 , 42 (9) : 1128 -1134
2020年广东省鼻咽癌流行现状及其疾病负担:基于肿瘤及死因登记系统分析
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陈伊绚1, 张莹1, 高玥2, 韩毓桐2, 王晔2, 孟瑞琳2, 郑雪燕2, 廖羽2, *, * , 曾转萍1, *, *
作者信息
  • 1广东药科大学公共卫生学院,广州 510310
  • 2广东省疾病预防控制中心慢性非传染性疾病预防控制所,广州 511430
通讯作者:
廖羽, E-mail:
曾转萍,E-mail:
作者简介:

陈伊绚(2000—),硕士在读,研究方向:疾病预防控制

Epidemiological characteristics and disease burden of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Guangdong province, 2020: an analysis based on cancer registration and follow-up system and death registration system
Yixuan CHEN1, Ying ZHANG1, Yue GAO2, Yutong HAN2, Ye WANG2, Ruilin MENG2, Xueyan ZHENG2, Yu LIAO2 , Zhuanping ZENG1
Affiliations
  • 1School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510310, China
  • 2Institute of Chronic Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    LIAO Yu, E-mail:
    ZENG Zhuanping, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-09-10 doi: 10.11847/zgggws1147758
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目的

了解2020年广东省鼻咽癌流行现状及其疾病负担,为科学合理地制定鼻咽癌防控策略提供参考依据。

方法

收集广东省肿瘤登记随访系统和全死因登记报告系统中鼻咽癌的发病和死亡数据资料,计算 2020 年1月1日—12月31日广东省肿瘤登记地区鼻咽癌的发病率和死亡率、中国标化发病率和死亡率、世界标化发病率和死亡率、年龄别发病率和死亡率,描述鼻咽癌的流行情况,并采用早死所致寿命损失年(YLL)、伤残所致寿命损失年(YLD)和伤残调整寿命年(DALY)等指标评价广东省鼻咽癌的疾病负担情况。

结果

2020年广东省肿瘤登记地区鼻咽癌发病率为11.52/10万,中国标化发病率为9.70/10万,世界标化发病率为8.87/10万;广东省肿瘤登记地区鼻咽癌粗死亡率为6.01/10万,中国标化死亡率为4.35/10万,世界标化死亡率为4.24/10万。男性鼻咽癌发病率、中国标化发病率、世界标化发病率、死亡率、中国标化死亡率和世界标化死亡率均高于女性;城市鼻咽癌发病率高于农村,但中国标化发病率、世界标化发病率、死亡率、中国标化死亡率和世界标化死亡率均低于农村;广东省肿瘤登记地区鼻咽癌的发病率和死亡率均随年龄的增长呈先升高而后降低趋势,发病率和死亡率分别在30岁和35岁之后显著上升;男性鼻咽癌发病率和死亡率分别在60~64岁(44.05/10万)和70~74岁(38.24/10万)达峰值;女性鼻咽癌发病率和死亡率分别在50~54岁(12.70/10万)和70~74岁(12.72/10万)达到峰值;城市鼻咽癌发病率和死亡率分别在60~64岁(28.51/10万)和70~74岁(26.49/10万)达峰值,农村鼻咽癌发病率和死亡率分别在55~59岁(27.66/10万)和75~79岁(24.64/10万)达峰值;2020年广东省鼻咽癌导致 DALY为195 388.20人年,其中 YLL为188 596.89人年,占比高达96.52%;男性 DALY 率(296.91/10万)高于女性(88.27/10万),农村 DALY 率(206.71/10万)高于城市(184.02/10万);DALY率随年龄的增长呈现先升高后降低趋势,男性 DALY 率在65~69岁最高(961.31/10万),女性 DALY 率在70~74岁最高(277.00/10万)。

结论

2020年广东省鼻咽癌的发病率、死亡率和疾病负担均较高,且均随年龄的增长呈先升高而后降低趋势,男性和农村地区居民为该地区鼻咽癌的重点防控人群。

鼻咽癌  /  流行现状  /  疾病负担  /  肿瘤登记地区  /  标化发病率  /  标化死亡率  /  广东省
Objective

To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and disease burden of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in Guangdong province, 2020, providing a scientific basis for formulating effective prevention and control strategies.

Methods

Data on the incidence and mortality of NPC in the cancer registration areas of Guangdong province were collected from the cancer registration and follow-up system and death registration system. The incidence and mortality rates, China age-standardized incidence and mortality rates, world age-standardized incidence and mortality rates, and age-specific incidence and mortality rates were calculated to describe the epidemiological characteristics of NPC in Guangdong from January 1 to December 31, 2020. Indicators such as disability-adjusted life years (DALY), years of life lost (YLL), and years of life lived with disability (YLD) were adopted to evaluate the disease burden of NPC.

Results

In 2020, the incidence rate, China age-standardized incidence rate, and world age-standardized incidence rate of NPC in cancer registration areas of Guangdong province were 11.52/100 000, 9.70/100 000, and 8.87/100 000, respectively. The mortality rate, China age-standardized mortality rate, and world age-standardized mortality rate were 6.01/100 000, 4.35/100 000, and 4.24/100 000, respectively. The incidence and mortality rates, as well as the age-standardized rates (both China and world) of NPC were higher in males than in females. The incidence rate of NPC was higher in urban areas than in rural areas. However, the China age-standardized incidence rate, world age-standardized incidence rate, mortality rate, Chinese age-standardized mortality rate, and world age-standardized mortality rate were lower in urban areas than in rural areas. The incidence and mortality rates of NPC in cancer registration areas of Guangdong province first increased and then decreased with the increase in age. The incidence and mortality rates significantly increased after the ages of 30 and 35, respectively. The highest incidence and mortality rates for males were observed at ages 60–64 (44.05/100 000) and 70–74 (38.24/100 000), respectively. For females, the peak incidence rate was observed at ages 50–54 (12.70/100 000), while the peak mortality rate was observed at ages 70–74 (12.72/100 000). In urban areas, the incidence and mortality rates peaked at ages 60–64 (28.51/100 000) and 70–74 (26.49/100 000), respectively. In rural areas, the highest incidence rate was observed at ages 55–59 (27.66/100 000), and the peak mortality rate was observed at ages 75–79 (24.64/100 000). In 2020, the DALY for NPC in Guangdong was 195 388.20 person-years, with YLL accounting for 96.52% (188 596.89 person-years). The DALY rate was higher in males (296.91/100 000) than in females (88.27/100 000) and higher in rural areas (206.71/100 000) than in urban areas (184.02/100 000). The DALY rate first increased and then declined with the increase in age. The male DALY rate peaked in the 65–69 age group (961.31/100 000), whereas the female DALY rate peaked in the 70–74 age group (277.00/100 000).

Conclusions

The incidence rate, mortality rate, and disease burden of NPC were high in Guangdong province, 2020, showing an initial increase followed by a decline with the increase in age. Males and rural residents should be the key target populations for NPC prevention and control in this region.

nasopharyngeal carcinoma  /  epidemiological characteristics  /  disease burden  /  cancer registration area  /  standardized incidence rate  /  standardized mortality rate  /  Guangdong province
陈伊绚, 张莹, 高玥, 韩毓桐, 王晔, 孟瑞琳, 郑雪燕, 廖羽, 曾转萍. 2020年广东省鼻咽癌流行现状及其疾病负担:基于肿瘤及死因登记系统分析. 中国公共卫生, 2026 , 42 (9) : 1128 -1134 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1147758
Yixuan CHEN, Ying ZHANG, Yue GAO, Yutong HAN, Ye WANG, Ruilin MENG, Xueyan ZHENG, Yu LIAO, Zhuanping ZENG. Epidemiological characteristics and disease burden of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Guangdong province, 2020: an analysis based on cancer registration and follow-up system and death registration system[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2026 , 42 (9) : 1128 -1134 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1147758
鼻咽癌是一种具有明显地域分布特征的恶性肿瘤。据报道,2022年中国鼻咽癌约有6.2万新发病例和3.4万死亡病例,分别占世界鼻咽癌新发病例和死亡病例的46.6%和42.5%,中国作为鼻咽癌的高发地区,面临着较大的疾病负担[1]。广东省是我国鼻咽癌的高发省份,2019年广东省鼻咽癌的中国标化发病率和死亡率分别为9.49/10万和4.47/10万,高于同期广西壮族自治区的8.36/10万和4.18/10万[2],是同期全国(5.65/10万和1.43/10万)的1.68倍和3.14倍[3]。伤残调整寿命年(disability adjusted of life years,DALY)包含因疾病导致过早死亡的寿命损失年(years of life lost, YLL)和与疾病伤残有关的健康寿命损失年(years of life lived with disability, YLD),是一个定量计算健康寿命年损失的综合指标,被广泛应用于疾病负担测量[4]。既往有关鼻咽癌疾病负担的研究主要聚焦于全国整体水平,广东省层面的研究多集中在中山市、四会市和深圳市等地区,缺乏关于全省整体的探讨以及DALY指标的分析[5 – 7]。为综合评价广东省鼻咽癌对健康的影响,本研究通过2020年广东省肿瘤登记随访系统和全死因登记报告系统的鼻咽癌发病和死亡数据,计算2020年1月1日—12月31日广东省肿瘤登记地区鼻咽癌的发病率和死亡率、中国标化发病率和死亡率、世界标化发病率和死亡率,年龄别发病率和死亡率,描述鼻咽癌的流行情况;并采用YLL、YLD和DALY等指标评价广东省鼻咽癌的疾病负担情况。旨在分析2020年广东省鼻咽癌的流行特征和疾病负担现状,为科学合理地制定鼻咽癌防控策略提供基础依据。
广东省肿瘤登记地区鼻咽癌的发病资料来源于广东省疾病预防控制中心收集的2020年1月1日—12月31日肿瘤随访登记数据。采用《疾病和有关健康问题的国际统计分类第十次修订本(International Classification of Diseases Version 10, ICD-10)》[8]进行分类和编码,鼻咽癌的编码为C11。本研究纳入2020年的28个肿瘤登记点,覆盖人口40 443 693人,占全省人口的40.33%。其中城市登记点16个,覆盖人口29 964 733人,约占城市总人口的63.25%;农村登记点12个,覆盖人口10 478 960人,约占农村总人口的19.80%。死亡资料来源于同期登记地区的全死因登记报告系统。人口学数据来源于登记地区辖区居民户籍总人口数及其分性别、年龄组人口数。总人口数采用年平均人口数,由肿瘤登记地区的公安、统计部门获取。
广东省肿瘤登记数据采用世界卫生组织出版的ICD-10[8]和《国际疾病分类·肿瘤学专辑(第3版)(International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, ICD-O-3)》[9]进行双重编码。参照国家癌症中心发布的《中国肿瘤登记工作指导手册》[10]和国际癌症研究中心(International Agency for Research on Cancer, IARC)和国际癌症登记协会(International Association of Cancer Registries, IACR)发布的《五大洲癌症发病率》[11]的相关要求,使用数据库软件Excel 2021和国际癌症研究机构软件IARCcrg Tools对登记数据进行审核,并对数据的可比性、完整性、有效性和及时性进行评价。本研究纳入分析的登记地区的数据满足登记地区总体恶性肿瘤粗发病率≥ 180/10万、粗死亡率≥ 100/10万、0.40<死亡/发病比(ratio of mortality to incidence, M/I)<0.90、40%<病理学诊断比例(proportion of morphologic verification, MV%)<95%、仅有死亡医学证明书比例(percentage of death certificate only, DCO%)<10%的质控指标要求[12]。
应用 R 4.3.3软件进行数据整理和分析。采用 Excel 2021 进行DALY、YLL和YLD 的计算。本研究通过计算鼻咽癌的发病率和死亡率、中国标化发病率和中国标化死亡率(采用中国2000年人口构成标化)[13]、世界标化发病率和世界标化死亡率(采用Segi′s世界人口标化)[14],年龄别发病率和年龄别死亡率,描述鼻咽癌的流行情况;分析YLL、YLD和DALY等指标,评价广东省鼻咽癌疾病负担。登记地区YLL和YLD计算公式为[15]:
${\text{YL{{L}}}_{{\text{登记地区}}\left( ij \right)}}={{N}_{{ij}}}\times {{L}_{{ij}}}$
$\begin{split}{\text{YL{{D}}}_{{\text{登记地区}}\left( ij \right)}}=&{{{\text{YLL}}}_{{\text{登记地区}}\left( ij \right)}}\times {{{\text{YLD}}}_{{\text{参照}}\left( ij \right)}}\div\\&{\text{YLL}}_{{\text{参照}}\left( ij \right)}\end{split}$
式中,i 为性别;j 为年龄别(以 5 岁划分年龄别:0~4、5~9……80~84、≥85岁);Nij 为分性别、年龄别的死亡病例数;Lij 为分性别、年龄别的期望寿命。本研究以GBD 2019 标准寿命表作为标准期望寿命值[16],以GBD 2021中国鼻咽癌相关数据YLL和YLD 作为参考[17],采用间接法估算广东省肿瘤登记地区鼻咽癌YLL和YLD。全省鼻咽癌YLL、YLD和DALY以肿瘤登记地区YLL和YLD数据推算得到。计算公式为:
${\text{YLL}}_{\text{全省}\left(ij\right)} = {\text{YLL}}_{\text{登记地区}(ij)} \times {P}_{\text{全省}(ij)} \div {P}_{\text{登记地区}(ij)}$
${\text{YLD}}_{\text{全省}\left(ij\right)} = {\text{YLD}}_{\text{登记地区}(ij)} \times {P}_{\text{全省}(ij)} \div {P}_{\text{登记地区}(ij)}$
${\text{DALY}}_{\text{全省}(ij)}={\text{YLL}}_{\text{全省}(ij)}+{\text{YLD}}_{\text{全省}(ij)}$
${\text{DALY}}_{{ij}}\text{率=}{\text{DALY}}_{{\text{全省}}(ij)}\text{÷}{{P}}_{{\text{全省}}(ij)}$
${\text{YLL}}_{{ij}}\text{率=}{\text{YLL}}_{{\text{全省}}(ij)}\text{÷}{{P}}_{{\text{全省}}(ij)} $
${\text{YLD}}_{{ij}}\text{率=}{\text{YLD}}_{{\text{全省}}(ij)}\text{÷}{{P}}_{{\text{全省}}(ij)}$
式中,P(ij) 为性别 i、年龄别 j 的人口数。
2020年广东省肿瘤登记地区共报告鼻咽癌发病 4 659 例,占广东省恶性肿瘤发病总数的3.66%;鼻咽癌的发病率为11.52/10万,中国标化发病率为9.70/10万,世界标化发病率为8.87/10万。其中,男性鼻咽癌发病率、中国标化发病率和世界标化发病率分别为16.83/10万、14.51/10万和13.34/10万,均高于女性的6.09/10万、5.05/10万和4.54/10万; 城市鼻咽癌发病率(11.65/10万)高于农村鼻咽癌发病率(11.15/10万),城市中国标化发病率和世界标化发病率分别为9.67/10万和8.87/10万,低于农村的9.87/10万和8.96/10万。2020年广东省肿瘤登记地区鼻咽癌的发病率随年龄增长呈先升高而后降低的趋势,在30岁之后发病率显著上升。男性鼻咽癌发病率在60~64岁达峰值(44.05/10万),女性鼻咽癌发病率在50~54岁达峰值(12.70/10万)。城市鼻咽癌发病率峰值出现在60~64岁(28.51/10万),农村鼻咽癌发病率峰值出现在55~59岁(27.66/10万);其中城市男性鼻咽癌发病率在60~64岁达峰值(46.00/10万),晚于农村男性鼻咽癌发病率在55~59岁达峰值(40.47/10万);城市女性鼻咽癌发病率在45~49岁达峰值(12.59/10万),农村女性鼻咽癌发病率在50~54岁达峰值(15.61/10万)。
2020年广东省肿瘤登记地区共报告鼻咽癌死亡病例2 133例,占广东省恶性肿瘤死亡总数的4.17%;鼻咽癌的死亡率为6.01/10万,中国标化死亡率为4.35/10万,世界标化死亡率为4.24/10万。 其中,男性鼻咽癌死亡率、中国标化死亡率和世界标化死亡率分别为9.11/10万、6.86/10万和6.69/10万,均高于女性的2.86/10万、1.96/10万和1.90/10万; 城市鼻咽癌死亡率、中国标化死亡率和世界标化死亡率分别为5.88/10万、4.11/10万和4.01/10万,低于农村的6.33/10万、4.97/10万和4.80/10万。2020年广东省肿瘤登记地区鼻咽癌的死亡率随年龄增长呈先升高而后降低的趋势,在35岁之后死亡率显著上升,男性和女性鼻咽癌死亡率均在70~74岁达峰值(38.24/10万和12.72/10万)。城市鼻咽癌死亡率峰值出现在70~74岁(26.49/10万),农村鼻咽癌死亡率峰值出现在75~79岁(24.64/10万);其中城市男性鼻咽癌死亡率在70~74岁达峰值(41.49/10万),农村男性鼻咽癌死亡率在75~79岁达峰值(33.85/10万);城市女性鼻咽癌死亡率在70~74岁达峰值(13.17/10万),农村女性鼻咽癌死亡率在75~79岁达峰值(15.62/10万)。
2020年广东省鼻咽癌所致DALY为195 388.20人年,其中YLL为188 596.89人年(96.52%),YLD为6 791.31人年(3.48%);DALY率、YLL率和YLD率分别为194.83/10万 、188.06/10万和6.77/10万。男性和女性鼻咽癌所致DALY分别为152 078.67人年和43 309.53人年。其中YLL分别为146 822.26人年(96.54%)和41 774.63人年(96.46%);YLD分别为5 256.41人年(3.46%)和1 534.90人年(3.54%)。男性和女性DALY率、YLL率、YLD率分别为296.91/10万和88.27/10万、286.65/10万和85.14/10万、10.26/10万和3.13/10万;男性DALY、YLL、YLD、DALY率、YLL率和YLD率均高于女性。城市和农村地区鼻咽癌所致DALY分别为96 633.21人年和98 754.99人年。其中YLL分别为93 325.09人年(96.58%)和95 271.80人年(96.47%)。YLD分别为3 308.12人年(3.42%)和3 483.19人年(3.53%);城市和农村DALY率、YLL率、YLD率分别为184.02/10万和206.71/10万、177.72/10万和199.42/10万、6.30/10万和7.29/10万;城市DALY、YLL、YLD、DALY率、YLL率和YLD率均低于农村。不同年龄组居民鼻咽癌疾病负担不同,DALY率随年龄的增长呈先上升而后降低趋势,在 30 岁之后疾病负担显著上升,男性DALY率在65~69岁达峰值(961.31/10万),女性DALY率在70~74岁达峰值(277.00/10万);YLL率和YLD率与DALY率的变化趋势基本一致,均在30岁开始出现明显上升趋势,男性和女性YLL率分别在65~69岁(934.31/10万)和70~74岁(270.77/10万)达峰值;男性和女性YLD率分别在65~69岁(27.00/10万)和45~49岁(7.73/10万)达峰值。
本研究结果显示,2020年广东省肿瘤登记地区鼻咽癌新发病例为4 659 例,占广东省恶性肿瘤发病总数的3.66%;其中,中国标化发病率为9.70/10万,高于江西省(5.01/10万)[18]、全国(2.71/10万)[19]和广西壮族自治区(8.36/10万)[3],但低于海南省(10.86/10 万)[20];世界标化发病率为8.87/10万,高于全球(1.3/10万)和东南亚地区(4.7/10万)[21]。2020年广东省肿瘤登记地区共报告鼻咽癌死亡病例为2 133例,占广东省恶性肿瘤死亡总数的4.17%;其中,中国标化死亡率为4.35/10万,高于海南省(3.97/10万)[20]。全国(1.86/10万)[19]、江西省(2.22/10万)[22]和广西壮族自治区(4.18/10万)[3];世界标化死亡率为4.24/10万,高于全球(0.87/10万)和东南亚地区(1.54/10万)[21]。2020年广东省鼻咽癌所致DALY为195 388.20人年,其中YLL为188 596.89人年,在DALY中占比高达96.52%,提示广东省鼻咽癌的疾病负担主要由早死引起,与既往研究结果一致[23];2020年广东省鼻咽癌DALY率为194.83/10万,高于广西壮族自治区(93.34/10万)[3]、江西省(39.0/10万)[18]和全国(64.13/10万) [24],提示鼻咽癌仍为广东省的高发恶性肿瘤,需持续监测其流行趋势。有研究表明,鼻咽癌Ⅰ期患者的5年生存率高达100%,而Ⅳ期患者的5年生存率仅为67.2%。因此,早期发现和治疗是改善患者预后、降低死亡率及减轻疾病负担的关键[25–26]。此前,广东省已在高危地区开展筛查项目,提高了鼻咽癌的早诊率和生存率[27]。未来进一步推进全省范围的鼻咽癌早期筛查是降低广东省鼻咽癌疾病负担的重要举措。
本研究结果显示,2020年广东省肿瘤登记地区男性鼻咽癌发病率和死亡率分别为16.83/10万和9.11/10万,均高于女性鼻咽癌发病率和死亡率的6.09/10万和2.86/10万,这一性别差异与全国[19]和江苏省[28]等地区的研究结果一致。有研究表明,女性雌激素可能具有潜在的保护作用,这可能是女性鼻咽癌疾病负担较低的原因[29]。与此同时,多项研究表明,烟草是鼻咽癌的危险因素,吸烟者较非吸烟者患鼻咽癌的风险高32%,吸烟>16支/天鼻咽癌的患病风险可增大67%。2018年广东省≥18岁男性居民吸烟率为48.2%,平均每日吸烟数为17.3支,而女性吸烟率仅为1.4%[30–31]。此外,多种职业暴露因素(如木材、金属、水泥、煤炭粉尘、甲醛和焦油等)均与鼻咽癌风险增加有关,且有持续的时间–反应趋势。男性职业中接触这些风险因素的可能性较大,提示需采取有效措施来减轻工作场所环境中的风险因素强度,以降低男性鼻咽癌的危险度[32–33]。吸烟和职业暴露的性别差异可能是男性鼻咽癌发病率高的重要因素。因此,在男性中开展相关健康教育,促进高危人群不良生活习惯向健康的生活方式转变,减轻在劳动场所中风险因素的暴露强度,对减轻鼻咽癌的疾病负担尤为重要。
本研究结果还显示,2020年广东省肿瘤登记地区鼻咽癌发病率城市(11.65/10万)高于农村(11.15/10万),但中国标化发病率(9.67/10万)和世界标化发病率(8.87/10万)均低于农村的9.87/10万和8.96/10万,这可能与农村地区人口老龄化有关。农村鼻咽癌死亡率(6.33/10万)和DALY率(206.71/10万)高于城市的5.88/10万和184.02/10万,提示应持续加强农村地区医疗服务工作,提高农村地区鼻咽癌患者生存率,以达到降低农村地区鼻咽癌疾病负担的目的[34]。值得注意的是,城市男性鼻咽癌发病率峰值年龄(60~64岁)晚于农村男性(55~59岁),而死亡率峰值年龄(70~74岁)却早于农村男性(75~79岁)。这一现象可能与农村地区男性较高的吸烟率、饮酒率、肥胖率及较低的癌症防治知识知晓率有关,从而导致农村男性发病率高峰年龄的提前[31,35]。此外,自2016年起,广东省在农村地区率先开展鼻咽癌早期筛查项目,提高了农村地区的早诊率,使患者能够接受早期治疗并延长了生存时间,这或许可以解释农村地区男性死亡率高峰年龄晚于城市男性的现象[36]。提示未来一方面需要加强农村地区男性人群致癌因素干预,另一方面还要加强推动城市地区男性人群的早期筛查工作。
本研究中,2020年广东省鼻咽癌的发病率、死亡率和疾病负担均随年龄的增长呈先升高后降低的趋势。发病率在60~64岁年龄组达高峰(27.43/10万),死亡率在70~74岁年龄组达高峰(25.05/10万),DALY率在65~69岁达高峰(589.36/10万),与广西壮族自治区苍梧县研究结果一致[37]。由于免疫系统能力下降、致癌因素累积和治疗耐受差,老年人群鼻咽癌的发病率和死亡率均较高。且有研究发现,糖尿病可增加 EB 病毒的感染率并恶化鼻咽癌患者的预后;而高血压则与 EB 病毒再激活的风险增加有关。提示老年人群应作为鼻咽癌防治管理的重点人群,尤其是60~74岁以及合并高血压和糖尿病的中老年人群[38–39]。随着人口老龄化的逐渐加重,鼻咽癌疾病负担还将进一步加大。因此,应重视中老年人的鼻咽癌预防控制工作,开展鼻咽癌筛查工作,做到早发现、早诊断、早治疗,提高中老年患者的生存率,降低中老年人群的疾病负担。
本研究的优势在于数据来源于广东省肿瘤登记地区,登记点覆盖全省63.25%的城市人口和19.80%的农村人口,具有较好的代表性。同时通过DALY、YLL和YLD 指标对广东省鼻咽癌的疾病负担进行综合分析。然而,本研究仍存在一定局限性,如由于缺乏广东省鼻咽癌的平均病程和伤残权重等资料,在计算 YLD时采用间接法,得到的结果可能与真实情况存在差异。但是本研究采用中国疾病负担模式进行推算,估算结果较接近真实值。总体而言,2020年 广东省鼻咽癌的发病率、死亡率和疾病负担均高于全国平均水平,城市鼻咽癌发病率与农村地区基本持平,死亡率和DALY率均低于农村地区,而男性鼻咽癌发病率、死亡率和DALY率均高于女性。因此,未来应根据广东省的鼻咽癌发病与死亡特征,调整鼻咽癌防控工作,大力推广农村地区和中老年男性的鼻咽癌筛查工作,加强民众对鼻咽癌及其危险因素的认知,倡导健康生活方式和饮食习惯,逐渐降低鼻咽癌的发病率和死亡率。

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2026年第42卷第9期
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doi: 10.11847/zgggws1147758
  • 接收时间:2025-04-13
  • 首发时间:2026-10-23
  • 出版时间:2026-09-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-13
  • 修回日期:2026-01-16
  • 录用日期:2026-03-11
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    1广东药科大学公共卫生学院,广州 510310
    2广东省疾病预防控制中心慢性非传染性疾病预防控制所,广州 511430

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