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Article(id=1320427711349240813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320427658937225679, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11847/zgggws1146553, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1733155200000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-03, revisedDate=1746201600000, revisedDateStr=2025-05-03, acceptedDate=1756396800000, acceptedDateStr=2025-08-29, onlineDate=1792744098746, onlineDateStr=2026-10-23, pubDate=1786291200000, pubDateStr=2026-08-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792744098746, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792744098746, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792744098746, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320427658937225679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, year='2026', volume='42', issue='8', pageStart='897', pageEnd='1024', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1786291200000', pubDateStr='2026-08-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792744086250, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792747993375, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320444046678544663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320427658937225679, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320444046678544664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320427658937225679, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1013, endPage=1018, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320427713236677615, articleId=1320427711349240813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=EN, title=Research progress in the relationship between plant-based diets and cardiovascular metabolic diseases：a review, columnId=1320427713148597230, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Public Health, columnName=Review, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Cardiovascular metabolic diseases (CMDs) have become a major global public health concern, posing a serious threat to human health. Plant-based diets, recognized for their substantial health benefits, have garnered increasing attention in the prevention and management of CMDs.The present review systematically summarizes advances regarding plant-based diets and cardiometabolic diseases. High-quality plant-based foods, through increased intake of dietary fiber, phytochemicals, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, contribute to improved metabolic markers, reduced inflammation, and regulation of blood lipids and glucose, effectively lowering the risk of CMDs. Furthermore, plant-based diets may enhance overall health by improving gut health and cognitive function. Despite the increasing studies on plant-based diets globally, the studies focusing on Chinese populations remain limited and often fail to take the unique characteristics of traditional dietary culture into account. Future efforts should integrate traditional Chinese dietary patterns to optimize plant-based dietary interventions, promote the application of plant-based diets in the prevention and control of CMDs, and provide a theoretical foundation for public health policy development.

, authors=Mengyi ZHOU1, Danting SU2, Mengjie HE2, Ronghua ZHANG2, authorsList=Mengyi ZHOU, Danting SU, Mengjie HE, Ronghua ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ronghua ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
ZHANG Ronghua, E-mail:
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心血管代谢性疾病（CMD）已成为全球主要的公共卫生问题，对人类健康构成严重威胁。植物性饮食因其显著的健康益处，逐渐成为CMD防治的关注焦点。本文系统梳理植物性饮食与心血管代谢性疾病的相关研究进展。优质的植物性食物通过增加膳食纤维、植物化学物质和多不饱和脂肪酸的摄入，有助于改善代谢指标、降低炎症水平，调节血脂与血糖，有效降低CMD的发病风险。此外，植物性饮食还可能通过改善肠道健康和认知功能进一步提升整体健康水平。尽管植物性饮食在全球范围内的研究成果日益丰富，但针对中国人群的研究仍较为有限，且未充分考虑本土饮食文化的特点。未来应结合中国传统膳食模式，进一步优化植物性饮食的干预策略，以推动其在CMD防控中的广泛应用，并为公共健康政策提供理论依据。

, authors=周梦怡1, 苏丹婷2, 何梦洁2, 章荣华2, *, *, authorsList=周梦怡, 苏丹婷, 何梦洁, 章荣华, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=章荣华, authorNote=

周梦怡（1998—），硕士在读，研究方向：营养与食品卫生

, correspAuthorsNote=
章荣华，E-mail：
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周梦怡（1998—），硕士在读，研究方向：营养与食品卫生

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周梦怡（1998—），硕士在读，研究方向：营养与食品卫生

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Classification and characteristics of plant-based dietary patterns

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膳食种类包含的模式 特点
严格的植物性饮食纯素食不含任何动物源性产品，包括生产和加工过程中的动物成分。
部分动物性食品的植物性饮食乳蛋素食、蛋素食、鱼素食含少量动物副产品，如鸡蛋、乳制品或鱼类，但不包括红肉等其他肉类。
弹性素食弹性素食以植物性食物为主，适量摄入肉类或鱼类，每周不超过 5份动物蛋白。
综合性植物膳食DASH饮食、地中海饮食、东方健康膳食强调以植物性食物为主，同时兼顾多样化营养，包含适量低脂奶制品、
鱼虾等健康动物食品。
), ArticleFig(id=1320427715782619158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320427711349240813, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

植物性饮食模式分类和特点

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
膳食种类包含的模式 特点
严格的植物性饮食纯素食不含任何动物源性产品，包括生产和加工过程中的动物成分。
部分动物性食品的植物性饮食乳蛋素食、蛋素食、鱼素食含少量动物副产品，如鸡蛋、乳制品或鱼类，但不包括红肉等其他肉类。
弹性素食弹性素食以植物性食物为主，适量摄入肉类或鱼类，每周不超过 5份动物蛋白。
综合性植物膳食DASH饮食、地中海饮食、东方健康膳食强调以植物性食物为主，同时兼顾多样化营养，包含适量低脂奶制品、
鱼虾等健康动物食品。
), ArticleFig(id=1320427715858116631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320427711349240813, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Calculation methods of plant-based diet indexes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
食物类食物项PDIHPDIUPDI
健康的植物性食物
　全谷类杂粮（包括燕麦、玉米等）正向得分正向得分负向得分
　水果类苹果、香蕉、西瓜等正向得分正向得分负向得分
　蔬菜类西蓝花、卷心菜、胡萝卜等正向得分正向得分负向得分
　坚果类花生、瓜子和其他坚果正向得分正向得分负向得分
　豆类及其制品菜豆、黄豆、红豆等正向得分正向得分负向得分
　茶和咖啡红茶、绿茶和咖啡等正向得分正向得分负向得分
　植物油菜籽油、大豆油和花生油正向得分正向得分负向得分
不健康的植物性食物
　果汁果汁正向得分负向得分正向得分
　精制谷物米饭、面包、面条等正向得分负向得分正向得分
　土豆炸土豆、烤土豆等正向得分负向得分正向得分
　含糖饮料碳酸饮料正向得分负向得分正向得分
　甜食巧克力、蛋糕、糖果等正向得分负向得分正向得分
动物性食物类
　动物脂肪猪油等负向得分负向得分负向得分
　奶及其制品牛奶、酸奶和奶酪等负向得分负向得分负向得分
　蛋类水煮蛋、茶叶蛋、卤蛋等负向得分负向得分负向得分
　鱼或海鲜海鱼、淡水鱼、虾类等负向得分负向得分负向得分
　畜肉或其他动物性食物鸡肉、猪肉、牛肉等负向得分负向得分负向得分
), ArticleFig(id=1320427717523255320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320427711349240813, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

植物性饮食指数的计算方法

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
食物类食物项PDIHPDIUPDI
健康的植物性食物
　全谷类杂粮（包括燕麦、玉米等）正向得分正向得分负向得分
　水果类苹果、香蕉、西瓜等正向得分正向得分负向得分
　蔬菜类西蓝花、卷心菜、胡萝卜等正向得分正向得分负向得分
　坚果类花生、瓜子和其他坚果正向得分正向得分负向得分
　豆类及其制品菜豆、黄豆、红豆等正向得分正向得分负向得分
　茶和咖啡红茶、绿茶和咖啡等正向得分正向得分负向得分
　植物油菜籽油、大豆油和花生油正向得分正向得分负向得分
不健康的植物性食物
　果汁果汁正向得分负向得分正向得分
　精制谷物米饭、面包、面条等正向得分负向得分正向得分
　土豆炸土豆、烤土豆等正向得分负向得分正向得分
　含糖饮料碳酸饮料正向得分负向得分正向得分
　甜食巧克力、蛋糕、糖果等正向得分负向得分正向得分
动物性食物类
　动物脂肪猪油等负向得分负向得分负向得分
　奶及其制品牛奶、酸奶和奶酪等负向得分负向得分负向得分
　蛋类水煮蛋、茶叶蛋、卤蛋等负向得分负向得分负向得分
　鱼或海鲜海鱼、淡水鱼、虾类等负向得分负向得分负向得分
　畜肉或其他动物性食物鸡肉、猪肉、牛肉等负向得分负向得分负向得分
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植物性饮食与心血管代谢性疾病关系研究进展
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周梦怡 1 , 苏丹婷 2 , 何梦洁 2 , 章荣华 2, *, *
中国公共卫生 | 综　述 2026,42(8): 1013-1018
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中国公共卫生 |综　述 2026 , 42 (8) : 1013 -1018
植物性饮食与心血管代谢性疾病关系研究进展
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周梦怡1, 苏丹婷2, 何梦洁2, 章荣华2, *, *
作者信息
  • 1杭州医学院公共卫生学院，杭州 311399
  • 2浙江省疾病预防控制中心营养与食品安全所，杭州 310051
通讯作者:
章荣华，E-mail：
作者简介:

周梦怡（1998—），硕士在读，研究方向：营养与食品卫生

Research progress in the relationship between plant-based diets and cardiovascular metabolic diseases：a review
Mengyi ZHOU1, Danting SU2, Mengjie HE2, Ronghua ZHANG2
Affiliations
  • 1School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 311399, China
  • 2Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
    • Corresponding Author:
    ZHANG Ronghua, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-08-10 doi: 10.11847/zgggws1146553
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摘要
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心血管代谢性疾病（CMD）已成为全球主要的公共卫生问题，对人类健康构成严重威胁。植物性饮食因其显著的健康益处，逐渐成为CMD防治的关注焦点。本文系统梳理植物性饮食与心血管代谢性疾病的相关研究进展。优质的植物性食物通过增加膳食纤维、植物化学物质和多不饱和脂肪酸的摄入，有助于改善代谢指标、降低炎症水平，调节血脂与血糖，有效降低CMD的发病风险。此外，植物性饮食还可能通过改善肠道健康和认知功能进一步提升整体健康水平。尽管植物性饮食在全球范围内的研究成果日益丰富，但针对中国人群的研究仍较为有限，且未充分考虑本土饮食文化的特点。未来应结合中国传统膳食模式，进一步优化植物性饮食的干预策略，以推动其在CMD防控中的广泛应用，并为公共健康政策提供理论依据。

植物性饮食  /  心血管代谢性疾病  /  高血压  /  2型糖尿病  /  代谢综合征

Cardiovascular metabolic diseases (CMDs) have become a major global public health concern, posing a serious threat to human health. Plant-based diets, recognized for their substantial health benefits, have garnered increasing attention in the prevention and management of CMDs.The present review systematically summarizes advances regarding plant-based diets and cardiometabolic diseases. High-quality plant-based foods, through increased intake of dietary fiber, phytochemicals, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, contribute to improved metabolic markers, reduced inflammation, and regulation of blood lipids and glucose, effectively lowering the risk of CMDs. Furthermore, plant-based diets may enhance overall health by improving gut health and cognitive function. Despite the increasing studies on plant-based diets globally, the studies focusing on Chinese populations remain limited and often fail to take the unique characteristics of traditional dietary culture into account. Future efforts should integrate traditional Chinese dietary patterns to optimize plant-based dietary interventions, promote the application of plant-based diets in the prevention and control of CMDs, and provide a theoretical foundation for public health policy development.

plant-based diet  /  cardiovascular metabolic diseases  /  hypertension  /  type 2 diabetes mellitus  /  metabolic syndrome
周梦怡, 苏丹婷, 何梦洁, 章荣华. 植物性饮食与心血管代谢性疾病关系研究进展. 中国公共卫生, 2026 , 42 (8) : 1013 -1018 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1146553
Mengyi ZHOU, Danting SU, Mengjie HE, Ronghua ZHANG. Research progress in the relationship between plant-based diets and cardiovascular metabolic diseases：a review[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2026 , 42 (8) : 1013 -1018 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1146553
正文
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心血管代谢性疾病（cardiovascular metabolic diseases, CMD）是指由代谢异常引发的心血管疾病，包括冠心病、高血压、2型糖尿病等[1–2]。全球心血管疾病每年约造成1 790万人死亡，占死亡总数的32%；其中高血压、糖尿病等代谢性疾病的患病率持续攀升[3]。在中国，心血管疾病患者人数已超过3.3亿，且CMD患病率处于持续上升阶段，呈现高发和年轻化趋势[4]。作为CMD的重要驱动因素，不健康饮食模式是导致这些疾病的第五大危险因素[4]，而植物性饮食因其健康效益和可持续性受到广泛关注。研究表明，长期坚持植物性饮食，可降低心血管代谢性疾病如冠心病、2型糖尿病、高血压等慢性病风险[5]，并可减少环境负担[6]。我国是植物性食物消费大国，植物性饮食在传统饮食文化中占据重要地位[7]。本文旨在总结植物性饮食防控CMD的现有研究进展，分析当前研究的热点和挑战，为CMD的防控提供理论支持，并推动健康的植物性饮食在中国的推广应用。
1　植物性饮食的概念与类别
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植物性饮食指以植物来源食物为核心的膳食模式。对于它的明确定义，学术界目前尚未达成一致。有研究认为，植物性饮食应以植物性食物为主，尽量减少或完全排除动物性食物的摄入[8–9]。另一些研究则强调，植物性饮食不仅鼓励食用健康的植物性食物，还建议减少不健康的加工植物性食物和动物性食物的摄入[10]。总体而言，该膳食模式以自然植物源性食物（如谷物、蔬菜、水果、豆类、坚果、植物油等）为核心，同时允许少量动物性食物（如肉类、鱼类、蛋奶类、动物脂肪等）的摄入。植物性饮食包含多种模式，依据动物性食品的摄入比例和类型可分为严格植物性饮食（纯素食）[11]、部分动物性食品植物性饮食（包括乳蛋素食、蛋素食、鱼素食）[12]。近年来，以植物性食物为基础的综合性膳食模式如得舒饮食（dietary approaches to stop hypertension, DASH）、地中海饮食也因其在慢性病防治中的显著作用而备受关注。其中，弹性素食因其灵活性和普适性广受推崇，并在EAT-Lancet报告提出，建议以植物性食物为主，同时每周仅适量摄入动物蛋白[13]。此外，基于我国传统饮食文化的东方膳食模式，也展示了植物性饮食的区域化特色和健康潜力[14]。不同植物性饮食模式的分类和具体特点（见表1）。
2　植物性饮食的评价方法
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植物性饮食的评价最初是基于素食模式（Provegetarian Food Pattern, FP）进行的，该指数通过137项食物频率问卷（FFQ）计算，将食物分为十二类，其中七类为植物来源，五类为动物来源[15]。然而，Satija A等学者[16–18]指出，传统评价方法较少考虑植物性食物的种类与质量。为弥补上述局限，研究者提出了植物性饮食指数，用以评估植物性食物摄入的组成与质量：整体植物性饮食指数（plant-based diet index, PDI）、健康植物性饮食指数（healthy plant-based diet index, HPDI）与不健康植物性饮食指数（unhealthy plant-based diet index, UPDI）。计算方法首先是将食物分为十八大类，包括健康的植物性食物类（全谷类、水果类、蔬菜类、坚果类、豆类及其制品、茶和咖啡、植物油）；不健康的植物性食物（果汁、精制谷物、土豆、含糖饮料、甜食）；动物性食物（动物脂肪、奶及其制品、蛋类、鱼或海鲜、畜肉或其他动物性食物）。其次，根据日均摄入量相加，计算每个食物类别的五分位数。评分规则为在计算PDI时，植物性食物组中得分为正向得分，而动物性食物组为负向得分；在计算HPDI时，健康的植物性食品和不健康的动物性食品分别正向和负向得分；不健康的植物性食物和动物性食物在计算 UPDI 时正向得分，健康的植物性食物负向得分。根据各类食物的日均摄入量计算五分位数，将所有食物类别的得分相加，生成最终指数，其理论范围为18～90分（见表2）。目前的研究大多基于Satija A 等[16]提出的计算方法评价人群植物性饮食的质量。该评分体系较为合理地区分了健康与不健康植物性食物，同时兼顾了动物性食物的摄入影响。但是，外国的饮食指标体系未能充分考虑中国食物种类的多样性、调味品的复杂使用以及烹饪方式的显著差异。受上述特征影响，部分食物难以清晰界定类别，易造成膳食评分结果与膳食真实健康价值存在的偏差。
3　植物性饮食对心血管代谢性疾病的影响
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3.1　对CVD的影响
国内外大量研究表明，健康的植物性饮食对心血管健康具有保护作用。Kim H等[19]发现，植物性饮食的较高依从性与CVD发病率、死亡率及全因死亡率降低相关。Li Y P等[20]指出，不健康植物性食物可能会增加CVD风险，强调选择健康植物性食物的重要性。Kouvari M等[21]在队列研究中进一步提示，健康的植物性饮食与 10 年 CVD 风险呈负相关。Lotfi M[22]和Shirzadi Z等[23]从代谢指标层面分析膳食模式与慢性病发病风险的关联，结果显示hPDI与更低的空腹血糖、总胆固醇水平相关，而uPDI则与甘油三酯升高相关。Austin G等[24]的研究也显示，尽管植物性饮食与常规食肉饮食在 CVD 风险上的差异不显著，但纯素食者在 5 年及 10 年的 CVD 预测风险中均表现出更低水平。植物性饮食可能通过多种机制保护心血管健康。其中，膳食纤维（特别是可溶性纤维）可减少胆固醇的吸收与合成，并促进低密度脂蛋白受体表达，使血清中低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C）水平明显降低，从而减少动脉粥样硬化的发生风险[25–26]。此外，植物性饮食富含植物化学物质（如类胡萝卜素、黄酮类化合物），通过抗氧化与抗炎途径，缓解炎症反应、改善血管内皮功能，对血管健康起到进一步保护作用[27]。同时，植物来源的多不饱和脂肪酸（如ω-3和ω-6脂肪酸）有助于优化血脂谱并参与炎症调控，与更低的 CVD 风险相关[28–29]。综上所述，健康植物性饮食可能通过优化代谢指标、减轻机体炎症反应，降低心血管疾病发病风险，在心血管疾病一级预防中具有一定的应用价值。
3.2　对高血压的影响
高血压是CMD发生和发展的重要因素，在我国尤为明显，已成为主要的公共卫生问题之一[30–31]。研究表明，健康植物性饮食在预防和改善高血压方面具有显著效果。Golzarand M等[32]的研究发现，富含植物化学成分的食物摄入显著降低了高血压风险。多项研究表明，植物性饮食与高血压发生呈负相关[19，33–34]。此外，Madsen H等[35]的荟萃分析表明，相比于每日摄入40 g蔬菜和水果，每日摄入量增加至800 g可使高血压风险降低11%。与此同时，Aljuraiban G等[36]发现，与高肉类饮食相比，植物性饮食改善了血压水平，特别是在高风险人群中效果更为显著。健康植物性饮食在高血压的预防和管理中具有显著作用，主要通过多种机制协同发挥保护作用。研究表明，植物性饮食富含的类胡萝卜素和类黄酮等抗氧化成分，可减轻炎症反应和氧化应激，改善血管内皮功能[37]。此外，高钾低钠的植物性食物（如蔬菜和水果）通过调节渗透压、促进利尿和抑制肾素释放，有效对抗高盐饮食对血压造成的不良影响[38]。另一方面，植物性饮食因其膳食纤维含量高、脂肪含量低、能量密度低等特点，有助于体重管理，而体重下降与血压水平下降有关[39–40]。这些机制共同为植物性饮食在高血压综合防治中的应用提供了理论支持。综上所述，植物性饮食通过抗氧化、钾钠平衡和体重管理等多重机制，为高血压的综合防治提供科学依据。
3.3　对2型糖尿病的影响
2型糖尿病约占所有糖尿病病例的90%，且2型糖尿病患者罹患冠心病的风险远高于普通人群。在中国，2013—2018年对30 693例2型糖尿病住院患者的调查显示，这些患者的冠心病粗患病率高达23.5%，对国民健康构成重大威胁[30]。在此背景下，大量研究证实，植物性饮食可降低2型糖尿病的发病风险，并延缓疾病进展。Satija A等[16]基于3个前瞻性队列研究发现，hPDI与2型糖尿病风险降低相关，uPDI与风险升高相关。Lopes T等[41]在南非2型糖尿病高风险人群中的研究指出，富含健康植物性食物（如黄色蔬菜、块茎和根茎类）的饮食可改善心血管相关危险因素水平。此外，荟萃分析显示，健康植物性饮食可通过提高胰岛素敏感性、降低血压、控制体重和减少全身性炎症，降低2型糖尿病的发病风险[42–43]。植物性饮食在2型糖尿病防治中的作用机制多样且协同发挥作用。首先，膳食纤维（尤其是可溶性膳食纤维）经细菌发酵生成短链脂肪酸，通过改善胰岛素敏感性并抑制炎症反应，有效降低胰岛素抵抗的风险[25–26]。其次，多酚等植物化学物质通过激活腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶信号通路，促进肌肉细胞对葡萄糖的摄取，抑制肝脏葡萄糖生成，降低血糖水平[27]。此外，植物饮食中的抗炎成分可减轻全身性炎症，而多不饱和脂肪酸则通过改善脂质代谢和降低脂肪肝风险间接提升代谢健康水平。综上所述，健康植物性饮食在降低2型糖尿病发病风险、改善胰岛素敏感性和调节代谢健康方面具有一定优势。这一膳食模式不仅有助于糖尿病的预防和管理，还能通过降低血糖水平和控制体重，进一步减少2型糖尿病患者罹患心血管疾病的风险。
3.4　对其他心血管代谢性疾病的影响
健康的植物性饮食在降低代谢综合征风险、支持认知功能以及改善肠道菌群等方面具有潜在的保护作用。多项前瞻性队列研究和系统综述表明，健康植物性饮食有助于降低代谢综合征的风险，而不健康植物性饮食可能增加风险[44–45]。Chen H等[46]的研究显示，健康的植物性饮食与中国老年人全因死亡率降低相关。Liang F等[47]的全国队列进一步显示：不健康植物性饮食和体重过低与认知障碍风险升高相关；而在超重或肥胖人群中，健康植物性饮食与较低的认知障碍风险相关更为明显。基于以上发现，健康植物性饮食可能对认知功能具有保护作用。其机制可能与改善代谢健康有关，但仍需进一步验证。Miao Z L等[48]基于中国健康与营养调查的前瞻性研究表明，持续摄入健康植物性饮食，与机体良好的心脏代谢相关生化指标相关。另有研究总结了植物源性膳食纤维与多糖在调节肠道微生物群、缓解肠道及肺部炎症方面的潜力[49]。综上所述，健康植物性饮食对多项代谢相关的健康结局具有正向保护作用。
4　结　论
收起
健康植物性饮食在CMD的一级和二级预防中具有显著效果。主要通过增加膳食纤维、多酚等植物化学物质及多不饱和脂肪酸的摄入，改善代谢指标、抑制慢性炎症、调节血脂及血糖代谢，从而有效降低代谢综合征、2型糖尿病、高血压和心血管疾病的风险。此外，植物性饮食对肠道微生物群的调节作用也可能为CMD的防治提供了新思路。对于老年人群与慢性病高危人群，植物性饮食的健康价值及其作用规律仍有待深入阐释。

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doi: 10.11847/zgggws1146553
  • 接收时间：2024-12-03
  • 首发时间：2026-10-23
  • 出版时间：2026-08-10
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  • 收稿日期：2024-12-03
  • 修回日期：2025-05-03
  • 录用日期：2025-08-29
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    1杭州医学院公共卫生学院，杭州 311399
    2浙江省疾病预防控制中心营养与食品安全所，杭州 310051

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species		 占总种数比例
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total species (%)		 属
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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