Article(id=1320427705250730754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320427658937225679, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11847/zgggws1149010, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1758729600000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-25, revisedDate=1766851200000, revisedDateStr=2025-12-28, acceptedDate=1775318400000, acceptedDateStr=2026-04-05, onlineDate=1792744097292, onlineDateStr=2026-10-23, pubDate=1786291200000, pubDateStr=2026-08-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792744097292, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792744097292, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792744097292, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320427658937225679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, year='2026', volume='42', issue='8', pageStart='897', pageEnd='1024', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1786291200000', pubDateStr='2026-08-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792744086250, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792747993375, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320444046678544663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320427658937225679, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320444046678544664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320427658937225679, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=930, endPage=937, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320427705452057347, articleId=1320427705250730754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=EN, title=Factors influencing parents′ intention to vaccinate their daughters against HPV: a cross-sectional analysis among primary and secondary school students based on the IMB model, 2024, columnId=1320427660187120197, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Public Health, columnName=Special Report—Evaluating the Protective Effect of Childhood Vaccination, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the factors influencing parents′ intention to vaccinate their daughters against HPV among primary and secondary school students based on the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) model, thus providing evidence for improving the HPV vaccination rate among adolescent girls.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted in November 2024. A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to select 1 276 parents with at least one daughter aged 9 to 14 from Xiangcheng district, Suzhou city. Data on parents′ intention to vaccinate their daughters against HPV and associated influencing factors were collected, with subgroup analyses performed according to parents′ gender.

Results

Among the 1 276 participants, 89.0% were mothers. Although 64.42% of parents expressed intention to vaccinate their daughters against HPV, the actual vaccination rate was only 14.73%. Maternal own intention to be vaccinated emerged as the strongest associated factor of their daughters′ HPV vaccination across all models (total population: OR = 14.85, 95%CI: 9.95–22.16; mothers: OR = 14.22, 95%CI: 9.35–21.62; fathers: OR = 69.08, 95%CI: 9.78–488.01). Gender-stratified analyses revealed that HPV knowledge significantly influenced vaccination intention only among fathers (OR = 1.59, 95%CI: 1.08–2.32), while perceived susceptibility (OR = 1.31, 95%CI: 1.02–1.67), social norms (OR = 1.84, 95%CI: 1.28–2.66), anticipated regret (OR = 1.66, 95%CI: 1.26–2.18), and self-efficacy (OR = 2.86, 95%CI: 1.67–4.90) were significant predictors among mothers. Perceived barriers were a significant negative predictor across all groups (total population: OR = 0.41, 95%CI: 0.30–0.55; mothers: OR = 0.41, 95%CI: 0.30–0.57; fathers: OR = 0.23, 95%CI: 0.06–0.89). The IMB model demonstrated good explanatory power for parents′ intention of HPV vaccination for their daughters.

Conclusions

Parents′ intention to vaccinate their daughters against HPV is influenced by multiple factors and exhibits significant gender differences. The IMB model offers an effective theoretical framework for understanding the influencing factors in parents′ decision-making regarding HPV vaccination for their daughters.

, authors=Peiying LIANG1, 2, Qinghua MA3, Jun SU1, 2, Ning ZHANG1, 2, authorsList=Peiying LIANG, Qinghua MA, Jun SU, Ning ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ning ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
ZHANG Ning, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Chinese Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320427706467078918, articleId=1320427705250730754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=CN, title=中小学生家长为女儿接种HPV疫苗意愿影响因素:一项2024年基于IMB模型的横断面调查, columnId=1320427660346503751, journalTitle=中国公共卫生, columnName=专题报道——儿童疫苗接种保护效果研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

基于信息–动机–行为技能(IMB)模型,探讨中小学生家长为女儿接种宫颈癌(HPV)疫苗意愿的影响因素,为提高女性青少年HPV疫苗接种率提供参考依据。

方法

于2024年11月,采用横断面调查研究设计,运用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,在苏州市相城区抽取1 276名至少有1名9~14岁女儿的学生家长为研究对象,调查其为女儿接种HPV疫苗的意愿及其影响因素,按家长性别进行亚组分析。

结果

调查的1 276名家长中89.0%为母亲。64.42%的家长愿意为女儿接种HPV疫苗,但实际接种率仅为14.73%。在不同模型中,母亲自身接种意愿均为其为女儿接种HPV疫苗意愿的最显著预测因素,总人群(OR=14.85,95%CI=9.95~22.16);母亲组(OR=14.22,95%CI=9.35~21.62);父亲组(OR=69.08,95%CI=9.78~488.01)。性别分层分析显示,HPV知识水平仅在父亲组中显著影响其为女儿接种HPV疫苗的意愿(OR=1.59,95%CI=1.08~2.32),而感知易感性(OR=1.31,95%CI=1.02~1.67)、社会规范(OR=1.84,95%CI=1.28~2.66)、预期后悔(OR=1.66,95%CI=1.26~2.18)和自我效能感(OR=2.86,95%CI=1.67~4.90)主要在母亲组中发挥作用。感知障碍在所有组别中均为重要的负向预测因子,总人群(OR=0.41,95%CI=0.30~0.55);母亲组(OR=0.41,95%CI=0.30~0.57);父亲组(OR=0.23,95%CI=0.06~0.89)。IMB模型对家长为女儿接种HPV意愿具有良好的解释力。

结论

家长为女儿接种HPV疫苗的意愿受多种因素影响,且存在显著的性别差异。IMB模型为理解家长为女儿接种HPV疫苗的决策及影响因素提供了有效的理论框架。

, authors=梁佩莹1, 2, 马庆华3, 苏军1, 2, 张宁1, 2, *, *, authorsList=梁佩莹, 马庆华, 苏军, 张宁, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张宁, authorNote=

梁佩莹(2001—),硕士在读,研究方向:疫苗接种

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张宁,E-mail:
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Human Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, 2021, 17(11): 4518-4528., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320427717787505504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320427705250730754, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=36, rfOrder=35, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Fadel C W, Colson E R, Corwin M J, et al. Maternal attitudes and other factors associated with infant vaccination status in the United States, 2011–2014[J]. The Journal of Pediatrics, 2017, 185: 136-142. e1., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320427717858808673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320427705250730754, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=37, rfOrder=36, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Betsch C, Bödeker B, Schmid P, et al. How baby′s first shot determines the development of maternal attitudes towards vaccination[J]. 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Demographic characteristics of participants and comparison of parents′ intention to vaccinate their daughters against HPV (N=1 276)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征调查人数构成比/%愿意不愿意χ2值P值
人数百分比/%人数百分比/%
家长年龄/岁
 <3534326.922264.712135.30.0190.991
 35~4065050.941864.323235.7
 >4028322.218264.310135.7
家长性别
 男性14011.08460.05640.01.3400.247
 女性1 13689.073865.039835.0
母亲自身接种意愿
 愿意70755.464190.7669.3476.448<0.001
 不愿意/犹豫56944.618131.838868.2
学生所在年级
 三年级947.45861.73638.349.279<0.001
 四年级27521.615857.511742.5
 五年级22017.212958.69141.4
 六年级20916.412660.38339.7
 初一28722.518765.210034.8
 初二19115.016485.92714.1
家长受教育水平
 高中或中专及以下74658.546962.927737.11.8860.170
 大专或本科及以上53041.535366.617733.4
家长婚姻状况
 在婚1 19293.477565.041735.02.8130.094
 单身/离异/丧偶/其他846.64756.03744.0
家庭年收入/万元
 <1044635.026359.018341.09.6750.022
 10~1952741.335367.017433.0
 20~3922817.915266.77633.3
 >40755.95472.02128.0
居住地区
 农村82064.350761.831338.26.7200.010
 城市45635.731569.114130.9
是否独生女
 是26520.815658.910941.14.4980.034
 否1 01179.266665.934534.1
周围有人患宫颈癌
 是1219.59881.02319.016.016<0.001
 否1 15590.572462.743137.3
周围有人接种HPV疫苗
 是83065.062174.820925.2112.039<0.001
 否/不清楚44635.020145.124554.9
自己/女儿发生过其他疫苗接种不良反应
 是997.83434.36565.742.359<0.001
 否1 17792.278866.938933.1
), ArticleFig(id=1320427711328277300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320427705250730754, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

受访者人口统计学特征及为女儿接种HPV疫苗意愿情况比较(N=1 276)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征调查人数构成比/%愿意不愿意χ2值P值
人数百分比/%人数百分比/%
家长年龄/岁
 <3534326.922264.712135.30.0190.991
 35~4065050.941864.323235.7
 >4028322.218264.310135.7
家长性别
 男性14011.08460.05640.01.3400.247
 女性1 13689.073865.039835.0
母亲自身接种意愿
 愿意70755.464190.7669.3476.448<0.001
 不愿意/犹豫56944.618131.838868.2
学生所在年级
 三年级947.45861.73638.349.279<0.001
 四年级27521.615857.511742.5
 五年级22017.212958.69141.4
 六年级20916.412660.38339.7
 初一28722.518765.210034.8
 初二19115.016485.92714.1
家长受教育水平
 高中或中专及以下74658.546962.927737.11.8860.170
 大专或本科及以上53041.535366.617733.4
家长婚姻状况
 在婚1 19293.477565.041735.02.8130.094
 单身/离异/丧偶/其他846.64756.03744.0
家庭年收入/万元
 <1044635.026359.018341.09.6750.022
 10~1952741.335367.017433.0
 20~3922817.915266.77633.3
 >40755.95472.02128.0
居住地区
 农村82064.350761.831338.26.7200.010
 城市45635.731569.114130.9
是否独生女
 是26520.815658.910941.14.4980.034
 否1 01179.266665.934534.1
周围有人患宫颈癌
 是1219.59881.02319.016.016<0.001
 否1 15590.572462.743137.3
周围有人接种HPV疫苗
 是83065.062174.820925.2112.039<0.001
 否/不清楚44635.020145.124554.9
自己/女儿发生过其他疫苗接种不良反应
 是997.83434.36565.742.359<0.001
 否1 17792.278866.938933.1
), ArticleFig(id=1320427712980833077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320427705250730754, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

HPV vaccination intention and status (N=1 276)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量分类人数%
学生接种意愿是82264.42
否/犹豫45435.58
母亲自身接种意愿是70755.41
否/犹豫56944.59
学生接种情况接种18814.73
未接种1 08885.27
母亲接种情况接种34126.72
未接种93573.28
HPV知晓情况是1 20194.12
否755.88
HPV疫苗知晓率是1 19993.97
否776.03
HPV疫苗接种政策知晓率是65151.02
否62548.98
), ArticleFig(id=1320427713081496374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320427705250730754, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

HPV疫苗接种意愿及现状(N=1 276)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量分类人数%
学生接种意愿是82264.42
否/犹豫45435.58
母亲自身接种意愿是70755.41
否/犹豫56944.59
学生接种情况接种18814.73
未接种1 08885.27
母亲接种情况接种34126.72
未接种93573.28
HPV知晓情况是1 20194.12
否755.88
HPV疫苗知晓率是1 19993.97
否776.03
HPV疫苗接种政策知晓率是65151.02
否62548.98
), ArticleFig(id=1320427713156993847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320427705250730754, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Correlations between IMB model variables and parents′ intention of HPV vaccination for their daughters (N=1 276)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
维度HPV知识水平感知易感性感知严重程度感知益处感知障碍社会规范预期后悔自我效能感感知决策
HPV知识水平1.000
感知易感性0.155 b1.000
感知严重程度0.211 b0.082 b1.000
感知益处0.149 b0.113 b0.106 b1.000
感知障碍−0.114 b−0.171 b−0.128 b−0.081 b1.000
社会规范0.084 b0.243 b0.014−0.054−0.139 b1.000
预期后悔0.175 b0.284 b0.120 b0.029−0.161 b0.461 b1.000
自我效能感0.226 b0.237 b−0.0070.001−0.193 b0.714 b0.494 b1.000
感知决策0.249 b0.157 b0.179 b0.024−0.070 a0.411 b0.462 b0.425 b1.000
接种意愿0.179 b0.264 b0.124 b0.022−0.296 b0.454 b0.416 b0.490 b0.368 b
), ArticleFig(id=1320427713236685624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320427705250730754, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

IMB模型变量与为女儿接种HPV疫苗意愿的相关性分析(N=1 276)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
维度HPV知识水平感知易感性感知严重程度感知益处感知障碍社会规范预期后悔自我效能感感知决策
HPV知识水平1.000
感知易感性0.155 b1.000
感知严重程度0.211 b0.082 b1.000
感知益处0.149 b0.113 b0.106 b1.000
感知障碍−0.114 b−0.171 b−0.128 b−0.081 b1.000
社会规范0.084 b0.243 b0.014−0.054−0.139 b1.000
预期后悔0.175 b0.284 b0.120 b0.029−0.161 b0.461 b1.000
自我效能感0.226 b0.237 b−0.0070.001−0.193 b0.714 b0.494 b1.000
感知决策0.249 b0.157 b0.179 b0.024−0.070 a0.411 b0.462 b0.425 b1.000
接种意愿0.179 b0.264 b0.124 b0.022−0.296 b0.454 b0.416 b0.490 b0.368 b
), ArticleFig(id=1320427713324766009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320427705250730754, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Multivariate logistic regression results of parents′ intention of HPV vaccination for their daughters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量比较组参照组总人群母亲父亲
P值OR值95%CIP值OR值95%CIP值OR值95%CI
学生年级四年级三年级0.4320.750.36~1.540.9901.000.46~2.150.0320.000.00~0.29
五年级0.9190.960.45~2.060.6101.230.55~2.770.0240.000.00~0.14
六年级0.8620.940.44~2.000.8351.090.49~2.450.0600.000.00~1.44
初一0.1691.700.80~3.620.1771.750.78~3.920.2640.020.00~18.19
初二0.0063.301.40~7.770.0014.631.83~11.710.0730.010.00~1.60
母亲自身接种意愿愿意不愿意/犹豫<0.00114.859.95~22.16<0.00114.229.35~21.62<0.00169.089.78~488.01
家长受教育水平大专或本科及以上高中或中专及以下0.0051.871.20~2.910.0111.841.15~2.930.6371.900.13~26.92
信息
 知识0.4521.040.94~1.150.9461.000.89~1.110.0181.591.08~2.32
动机
 感知易感性0.0271.301.03~1.630.0311.311.02~1.670.3401.5160.64~3.57
 感知障碍<0.0010.410.30~0.55<0.0010.410.30~0.570.0330.230.06~0.89
 社会规范<0.0011.921.36~2.70<0.0011.841.28~2.660.1073.4450.77~15.48
 预期后悔<0.0011.561.21~2.01<0.0011.661.26~2.180.6791.2180.48~3.10
 行为技巧
 自我效能感<0.0012.971.79~4.94<0.0012.861.67~4.900.0708.600.84~88.46
 感知决策0.0051.671.17~2.390.0061.711.16~2.510.7841.190.34~4.25
R2值0.6700.665 0.768
F值853.933722.36070.812
), ArticleFig(id=1320427713408652090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320427705250730754, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

家长为女儿接种HPV疫苗意愿多因素logistic回归结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量比较组参照组总人群母亲父亲
P值OR值95%CIP值OR值95%CIP值OR值95%CI
学生年级四年级三年级0.4320.750.36~1.540.9901.000.46~2.150.0320.000.00~0.29
五年级0.9190.960.45~2.060.6101.230.55~2.770.0240.000.00~0.14
六年级0.8620.940.44~2.000.8351.090.49~2.450.0600.000.00~1.44
初一0.1691.700.80~3.620.1771.750.78~3.920.2640.020.00~18.19
初二0.0063.301.40~7.770.0014.631.83~11.710.0730.010.00~1.60
母亲自身接种意愿愿意不愿意/犹豫<0.00114.859.95~22.16<0.00114.229.35~21.62<0.00169.089.78~488.01
家长受教育水平大专或本科及以上高中或中专及以下0.0051.871.20~2.910.0111.841.15~2.930.6371.900.13~26.92
信息
 知识0.4521.040.94~1.150.9461.000.89~1.110.0181.591.08~2.32
动机
 感知易感性0.0271.301.03~1.630.0311.311.02~1.670.3401.5160.64~3.57
 感知障碍<0.0010.410.30~0.55<0.0010.410.30~0.570.0330.230.06~0.89
 社会规范<0.0011.921.36~2.70<0.0011.841.28~2.660.1073.4450.77~15.48
 预期后悔<0.0011.561.21~2.01<0.0011.661.26~2.180.6791.2180.48~3.10
 行为技巧
 自我效能感<0.0012.971.79~4.94<0.0012.861.67~4.900.0708.600.84~88.46
 感知决策0.0051.671.17~2.390.0061.711.16~2.510.7841.190.34~4.25
R2值0.6700.665 0.768
F值853.933722.36070.812
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中小学生家长为女儿接种HPV疫苗意愿影响因素:一项2024年基于IMB模型的横断面调查
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梁佩莹 1, 2 , 马庆华 3 , 苏军 1, 2 , 张宁 1, 2, *, *
中国公共卫生 | 专题报道——儿童疫苗接种保护效果研究 2026,42(8): 930-937
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中国公共卫生 |专题报道——儿童疫苗接种保护效果研究 2026 , 42 (8) : 930 -937
中小学生家长为女儿接种HPV疫苗意愿影响因素:一项2024年基于IMB模型的横断面调查
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梁佩莹1, 2, 马庆华3, 苏军1, 2, 张宁1, 2, *, *
作者信息
  • 1浙江大学医学院公共卫生学院,杭州,310058
  • 2浙江大学医学院附属第二医院,杭州 310009
  • 3苏州市相城区漕湖街道社区卫生服务中心,苏州,215131
通讯作者:
张宁,E-mail:
作者简介:

梁佩莹(2001—),硕士在读,研究方向:疫苗接种

Factors influencing parents′ intention to vaccinate their daughters against HPV: a cross-sectional analysis among primary and secondary school students based on the IMB model, 2024
Peiying LIANG1, 2, Qinghua MA3, Jun SU1, 2, Ning ZHANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
  • 2The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
  • 3Caohu Community Health Center, Xiangcheng District, Suzhou 215131, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    ZHANG Ning, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-08-10 doi: 10.11847/zgggws1149010
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目的

基于信息–动机–行为技能(IMB)模型,探讨中小学生家长为女儿接种宫颈癌(HPV)疫苗意愿的影响因素,为提高女性青少年HPV疫苗接种率提供参考依据。

方法

于2024年11月,采用横断面调查研究设计,运用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,在苏州市相城区抽取1 276名至少有1名9~14岁女儿的学生家长为研究对象,调查其为女儿接种HPV疫苗的意愿及其影响因素,按家长性别进行亚组分析。

结果

调查的1 276名家长中89.0%为母亲。64.42%的家长愿意为女儿接种HPV疫苗,但实际接种率仅为14.73%。在不同模型中,母亲自身接种意愿均为其为女儿接种HPV疫苗意愿的最显著预测因素,总人群(OR=14.85,95%CI=9.95~22.16);母亲组(OR=14.22,95%CI=9.35~21.62);父亲组(OR=69.08,95%CI=9.78~488.01)。性别分层分析显示,HPV知识水平仅在父亲组中显著影响其为女儿接种HPV疫苗的意愿(OR=1.59,95%CI=1.08~2.32),而感知易感性(OR=1.31,95%CI=1.02~1.67)、社会规范(OR=1.84,95%CI=1.28~2.66)、预期后悔(OR=1.66,95%CI=1.26~2.18)和自我效能感(OR=2.86,95%CI=1.67~4.90)主要在母亲组中发挥作用。感知障碍在所有组别中均为重要的负向预测因子,总人群(OR=0.41,95%CI=0.30~0.55);母亲组(OR=0.41,95%CI=0.30~0.57);父亲组(OR=0.23,95%CI=0.06~0.89)。IMB模型对家长为女儿接种HPV意愿具有良好的解释力。

结论

家长为女儿接种HPV疫苗的意愿受多种因素影响,且存在显著的性别差异。IMB模型为理解家长为女儿接种HPV疫苗的决策及影响因素提供了有效的理论框架。

HPV疫苗  /  女性青少年  /  接种意愿  /  IMB模型  /  家长决策  /  苏州市
Objective

To explore the factors influencing parents′ intention to vaccinate their daughters against HPV among primary and secondary school students based on the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) model, thus providing evidence for improving the HPV vaccination rate among adolescent girls.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted in November 2024. A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to select 1 276 parents with at least one daughter aged 9 to 14 from Xiangcheng district, Suzhou city. Data on parents′ intention to vaccinate their daughters against HPV and associated influencing factors were collected, with subgroup analyses performed according to parents′ gender.

Results

Among the 1 276 participants, 89.0% were mothers. Although 64.42% of parents expressed intention to vaccinate their daughters against HPV, the actual vaccination rate was only 14.73%. Maternal own intention to be vaccinated emerged as the strongest associated factor of their daughters′ HPV vaccination across all models (total population: OR = 14.85, 95%CI: 9.95–22.16; mothers: OR = 14.22, 95%CI: 9.35–21.62; fathers: OR = 69.08, 95%CI: 9.78–488.01). Gender-stratified analyses revealed that HPV knowledge significantly influenced vaccination intention only among fathers (OR = 1.59, 95%CI: 1.08–2.32), while perceived susceptibility (OR = 1.31, 95%CI: 1.02–1.67), social norms (OR = 1.84, 95%CI: 1.28–2.66), anticipated regret (OR = 1.66, 95%CI: 1.26–2.18), and self-efficacy (OR = 2.86, 95%CI: 1.67–4.90) were significant predictors among mothers. Perceived barriers were a significant negative predictor across all groups (total population: OR = 0.41, 95%CI: 0.30–0.55; mothers: OR = 0.41, 95%CI: 0.30–0.57; fathers: OR = 0.23, 95%CI: 0.06–0.89). The IMB model demonstrated good explanatory power for parents′ intention of HPV vaccination for their daughters.

Conclusions

Parents′ intention to vaccinate their daughters against HPV is influenced by multiple factors and exhibits significant gender differences. The IMB model offers an effective theoretical framework for understanding the influencing factors in parents′ decision-making regarding HPV vaccination for their daughters.

HPV vaccine  /  adolescent girls  /  vaccination intention  /  IMB model  /  parents′ decision-making  /  Suzhou city
梁佩莹, 马庆华, 苏军, 张宁. 中小学生家长为女儿接种HPV疫苗意愿影响因素:一项2024年基于IMB模型的横断面调查. 中国公共卫生, 2026 , 42 (8) : 930 -937 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1149010
Peiying LIANG, Qinghua MA, Jun SU, Ning ZHANG. Factors influencing parents′ intention to vaccinate their daughters against HPV: a cross-sectional analysis among primary and secondary school students based on the IMB model, 2024[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2026 , 42 (8) : 930 -937 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1149010
宫颈癌是全球女性第四大常见癌症及第四大癌症死因[1] 。2022年,我国新发宫颈癌病例高达15.1万例,死亡达5.6万例[2],新发病例数居全球首位,死亡病例数位居全球第二位[3]。高危型人乳头瘤病毒(high-risk human papillomavirus, HR-HPV)持续感染是宫颈癌发生的直接病因[4],超过90%的宫颈癌与HR-HPV感染相关[5]。我国女性HR-HPV 总感染率为19.0%[6],使宫颈癌预防成为重大公共健康挑战之一。HPV疫苗接种是预防宫颈癌的有效策略,接种年龄越早保护效果越佳。HPV疫苗在9~14岁女性中有效性最高(74%~93%)[7]。父母在青少年HPV疫苗接种的决策中发挥关键作用。研究表明,父母对疫苗的安全性和不良反应的担忧是主要障碍,而保护子女免受癌症威胁则是HPV疫苗接种的促进因素[8–10]。WHO建议9~14岁的女性青少年尽早接种HPV疫苗,并提出2030年90–70–90全球宫颈癌消除目标[11]。2025年9月11日,国家卫生健康委宣布,HPV疫苗将正式纳入国家免疫规划[12],全国多个省、市相继实施适龄女性HPV疫苗免费接种项目。信息–动机–行为技能(Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model, IMB)模型由Fisher J D等[13]于1992年提出,在疫苗接种研究中应用广泛[14–16]。本研究于2024年11月以IMB模型作为理论框架,以江苏省苏州市1 276名中小学生父母为研究对象,探讨其为女儿接种HPV疫苗意愿的作用路径,为优化面向适龄青少年女性的免费HPV疫苗接种政策提供参考依据。
于2024年11月,采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,在苏州市相城区首先按城乡属性(城市/农村)和学校类型(小学/初中)进行分层,随后从每层中随机抽取5所初中和6所小学。在抽中的学校中,对小学3~6年级和初中初一、初二年级每个年级随机抽取2~3个班级,通过班级微信群、钉钉等平台发放问卷链接,邀请其中至少有1名9~14岁女儿的学生家长参与调查。受访者纳入标准:(1)至少有1名9~14岁女儿;(2)自愿参与并签署知情同意书且全程参与;(3)无精神疾病或听说读写等功能障碍,能够完全理解调查问卷的内容。共发放问卷1 376份,剔除47份不符合条件的问卷(家长回答女儿数量为0)和53份未通过注意力检测的问卷,最终获得有效问卷1 276份,有效回收率为92.7%。每个家庭仅纳入1名家长参与调查,确保研究对象的独立性。本研究已通过浙江大学公共卫生学院医学伦理委员会审查(伦理审批号:ZGL202409–1)。
本研究所使用的调查问卷在参考Forster A S[17]和Si M Y[18]等关于IMB模型研究的基础上自行初步构建,并结合专家咨询和预调查最终确定。问卷主要包括3个部分:(1)人口统计学信息: 包括学生年龄、家长年龄、家长性别、学生年级、家长受教育水平、家长婚姻状况、家庭年收入、居住地区、是否独生女、周围有人患宫颈癌、周围有人接种HPV疫苗以及自己/女儿曾发生过其他疫苗接种不良反应等。其中,疫苗接种不良反应史的判断采用家长自我报告方式,通过询问“您或您的孩子是否曾经在接种其他疫苗后出现过不适反应(如发热、红肿、过敏等)”来调查,该方法在既往疫苗犹豫研究中被广泛使用[19–20]。(2)HPV疫苗接种现状:包括学生接种意愿、母亲自身接种意愿、学生接种状况、母亲接种状况、HPV知晓状况、HPV疫苗知晓状况以及HPV疫苗接种政策知晓状况[21–22] (回答“是”计为知晓,并据此计算各项知晓率)。接种意愿代表性条目如“您是否愿意让您的孩子接种HPV疫苗”,每题设有“是”“否”“还在犹豫”3个选项。统计分析时将三分类选项重新编码为二分类变量:选择“是”的受访者归为有接种意愿组,选择“否”或“还在犹豫”的受访者合并归为无接种意愿组[23–24]。(3)IMB模型变量:在参考以往IMB及青少年HPV疫苗接种意愿研究[13–16]基础上自编量表,包括信息、动机、行为技巧3个维度。信息维度主要测量家长HPV和HPV疫苗相关知识水平,包含7个判断题,每题设有“正确”“错误”“不知道”3个选项。回答正确计1分,错误或不知道计0分,总分0~7分。总分越高,表明家长对HPV疫苗的了解越多。动机和行为技巧维度均采用李克特5点量表计分(1=非常不同意~5=非常同意)。动机部分包含6个子维度:感知易感性(2个条目)、感知严重程度(2个条目)、感知益处(2个条目)、感知障碍(4个条目)、社会规范(2个条目)和预期后悔(2个条目)。行为技能维度包括2个子维度:自我效能感(8个条目)和感知决策(3个条目)。各维度Cronbach′s α系数均在0.60~0.95之间,显示出良好的内部一致性。
由当地社区卫生服务中心与抽中的学校协调好调查的开展时间和方式,由负责的公共卫生医师将问卷链接分享给学校,再由相应的责任教师推送到班级群中,邀请家长自愿参与填写。研究人员对收回的问卷进行质量检查,包括漏填、错填、逻辑错误等,家长回答女儿数量为0或者未通过注意力检测的问卷视为无效问卷。
使用SPSS 26.0软件进行分析。受访者的人口学特征、HPV疫苗接种意愿和现状及IMB模型各变量采用描述性分析。符合正态分布的连续型变量用$ \overline{x}\pm s $表示,不符合正态分布的连续型变量用中位数表示,分类变量用频数(n)和百分比(%)表示。采用 χ2 检验比较不同特征家长为女儿接种 HPV 疫苗意愿情况的差异,使用点二列相关分析IMB变量与家长为女儿接种 HPV 疫苗意愿的相关性,采用二元 logistic 回归分析家长为女儿接种 HPV 疫苗意愿的影响因素。按家长身份将样本分为父亲组和母亲组,进行亚组分析,以全面评估影响父亲或母亲为女儿接种HPV疫苗意愿的主要因素。统计学检验采用双侧检验。检验水准为 α=0.05。
本研究共纳入1 276名学生家长,平均年龄为(37.39±4.01)岁。1 136名受访者为母亲,占89.0%;1 192人在婚,占93.4%;1 011名受访者有≥2个孩子,占79.2%;820名受访者居住地为农村地区,占64.3%;530名受访者具有大专或本科及以上学历,占41.5%;446名受访者家庭年收入<10万元,占35.0%。在HPV疫苗相关背景信息中,830名受访者家庭周围有人接种过HPV疫苗,占65.0%;121名受访者家庭周围有人患过宫颈癌,占9.5%;99名受访者家庭成员有其他疫苗接种不良反应史,占7.8%。χ2检验结果显示,母亲自身接种意愿、学生年级、家长婚姻状况、家庭年收入、居住地区、是否为独生女、周围人患宫颈癌情况、周围人HPV疫苗接种情况、自己/女儿疫苗接种不良反应情况等因素在家长是否愿意为女儿接种HPV疫苗上差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。母亲自身接种愿意越高、学生年级越高、双亲家庭、家庭年收入越高、城市地区、女儿非独生女、周围有人患过宫颈癌、周围有人接种过HPV疫苗以及自己/女儿没有发生过疫苗接种不良反应的家长更愿意让女儿接种HPV疫苗。
在HPV知晓情况方面,94.12%受访者知晓HPV,93.97%知晓HPV疫苗,但适龄女生免费接种国产二价HPV疫苗政策的知晓率仅为51.02%;在HPV疫苗接种意愿方面,55.41%的学生母亲自身愿意接种HPV疫苗,64.42%的家长愿意让女儿接种HPV疫苗;但母亲及其女儿的实际HPV疫苗接种率分别仅为26.72%和14.73%。
点二列相关性分析结果显示,父母HPV知识水平、感知易感性、感知严重程度、社会规范、预期后悔、自我效能感和感知决策与其为女儿接种HPV疫苗的意愿均呈显著正相关,感知障碍与其为女儿接种HPV疫苗的意愿呈负相关(P<0.05)。即父母对HPV了解越多、越认为女儿易感染且后果严重、感知到的社会支持越高,对未接种可能导致相关疾病的预期后悔越高,决策自信心越强,为女儿接种HPV疫苗的意愿越强;而对HPV疫苗副作用和安全性的担忧越少,接种HPV疫苗的意愿也越高。
将受访者的所有特征(家长年龄、家长性别、家长受教育水平、家长婚姻状况、学生年级、母亲自身接种意愿、家庭年收入、居住地区、是否独生女、周围有人患宫颈癌、周围有人接种HPV疫苗以及自己/女儿曾发生过其他疫苗接种不良反应)以及IMB模型所有变量作为自变量,以是否愿意为女儿接种HPV疫苗作为因变量(1=愿意,0=不愿意)建立logistic回归模型。总人群、母亲组和父亲组模型的拟合效果均较好,分别解释67.0%、66.5%和76.8%的差异,表明构建的IMB模型对家长为女儿接种HPV疫苗的意愿具有良好的解释力。在人口统计学特征方面,母亲自身接种意愿在所有模型中与为女儿接种HPV疫苗意愿的关联性最强(总人群:OR=14.85,95%CI=9.95~22.16;母亲组:OR=14.22,95%CI=9.35~21.62;父亲组:OR=69.08,95%CI=9.78~488.01)。此外,学生年级(仅初二)和家长受教育水平在总人群和母亲组中与为女儿接种HPV意愿呈现正相关,表明学生年级为初二、家长受教育水平越高,家长越愿意为女儿接种HPV疫苗。IMB模型变量方面,母亲组模型影响因素与总人群模型基本一致,感知易感性、感知障碍、社会规范、预期后悔、自我效能感和感知决策均表现出显著关联。父亲组模型仅有HPV知识水平(OR=1.59,95%CI=1.08~2.32)和感知障碍(OR=0.23,95%CI=0.06~0.89)表现出显著关联。但HPV知识水平在总人群和母亲组中与为女儿接种HPV疫苗意愿无关联,提示知识因素是父亲是否愿意为女儿接种HPV疫苗的重要因素。
本研究基于IMB模型,在苏州市相城区对1 276名9~14岁中小学生家长的调查结果显示,家长为女儿接种HPV疫苗的意愿受复杂的心理社会因素影响,且父母双方的决策机制存在显著差异。研究表明,64.42%的家长愿意为女儿接种HPV疫苗,处于国内相关研究报告中的中等水平(56.6%~87.6%)[25–26],但与14.73%的实际接种率间存在较大的“意愿—行为鸿沟”,提示健康行为的转化存在多种因素交织的复杂性。这一现象与全球HPV疫苗接种中面临的普遍挑战一致[27]。但我国的鸿沟尤为显著,可能与疫苗可及性、费用(尽管本研究后期已实施免费政策)及决策复杂性有关[28]。此外,免费HPV疫苗接种政策知晓率仅为51.02%,明显低于HPV知晓率(94.12%)和HPV疫苗知晓率(93.97%),表明免费HPV疫苗接种政策宣传存在广度和深度不足的问题,政策制定者和目标人群的信息传递机制尚未有效打通。
本研究发现,尽管HPV和HPV疫苗知晓率高达94.12%,但HPV知识水平得分仅为(4.57±2.02)分,表明家长存在“浅层认知”现象,即对HPV和HPV疫苗有基本了解,但缺乏准确、全面的科学认知,这种认知结构的不平衡可能导致HPV疫苗接种决策过程中的不确定性和焦虑[29]。性别分层分析发现,HPV知识水平仅在父亲组中显著,这一差异模式可能源于传统性别角色分工中形成的不同信息处理偏好和决策策略,即男性更倾向于依赖理性分析和事实信息进行决策,而女性则更多受到情感因素和社会支持的影响[30]。提示将基于西方文化背景的疫苗接种行为理论应用于中国时,需要结合目标人群的特征进行相应调适。
感知障碍在所有模型中均是最稳健的负向关联因子,表明家长对接种安全性及副作用的担忧仍是阻碍其为女儿接种HPV疫苗的主要心理障碍,这与美国的研究结果一致[31]。值得注意的是,即使在免费政策背景下,经济障碍消除后,对安全性的“感知障碍”依然突出,这揭示了心理障碍的独立性。它可能源于更广泛的社会信任议题、对新型疫苗的普遍审慎态度,以及对孩子这一特殊保护对象的风险“零容忍”心态。其次,社会规范对家长为女儿接种HPV疫苗意愿的影响在母亲组中显著,但在父亲组中不显著,这一性别差异可能反映了在中国集体主义背景下健康决策的“关系性”特征,母亲的决策并非孤立的个人选择,而是对其所处社会网络(家人、朋友、医生)意见的内化与回应[32]。这一效应远超感知易感性和感知严重性的作用,与基于扩展计划行为理论的研究结论一致[33]。再者,预期后悔作为情感动因同样显示出显著的性别差异,在母亲组中影响更为显著,这一发现与以色列民众的疫苗接种决策相关研究结果一致,即母亲在涉及子女疫苗接种的决策中比父亲表现出更多的后悔情绪[34],反映出母亲对未来潜在健康风险的高度敏感性。最后,自我效能感和感知决策对接种意愿的影响在母亲组中显著,但在父亲组中不显著。这一差异可能与男性在家庭健康决策中的角色定位有关,父亲往往将此类决策视为母亲的责任领域[35]。
值得注意的是,母亲自身接种意愿在所有模型中均为女儿接种HPV疫苗的最强关联因子。美国大规模调查研究证实,母亲的疫苗态度是预测婴儿疫苗接种的最强因素,与持积极疫苗接种态度的母亲相比,持中性或消极疫苗接种态度的母亲更不可能为其婴儿接种疫苗[36]。这可能与中国家庭内部以母亲为核心的儿童健康照护文化密切相关。母亲的健康行为对子女具有显著的示范效应,当母亲自身表现出积极的疫苗接种态度时,更容易影响整个家庭的长期疫苗接种决策[37]。因此,将成年女性纳入HPV疫苗免费或补贴接种范围,不仅能够直接保护成年女性群体,更能通过母亲的示范作用提升青少年群体的HPV疫苗接种率。这一发现也为未来开展“母女联合HPV疫苗接种”提供了强有力的实证支持。
本研究的贡献主要体现在:IMB模型对家长是否决定为女儿接种HPV疫苗具有良好的解释力,说明该模型是解析我国父母HPV疫苗决策复杂心理过程的有效框架。它成功地将信息、动机和行为技能整合,揭示了从认知到意向的多元路径。更重要的是,性别分层分析方法的选择带来了关键发现。若仅进行总体分析,父亲群体的独特模式(如知识的关键作用)将被母亲群体的庞大样本所掩盖,导致结论偏倚。本研究表明,在家庭健康决策研究中,将“家长”视为同质群体可能无法得到具有启示性的结果。分层分析不仅揭示了父亲和母亲在决定是否为女儿接种HPV疫苗时的性别差异,更能引导公共卫生政策制定者和执行者开发更精准的干预策略设计以提升适龄人群的HPV疫苗接种率。因此,本研究提出以下建议:(1)应根据家长身份采取有针对性的HPV疫苗接种宣教措施。针对父亲,可提供清晰、权威的知识性材料以供决策参考;针对母亲,则应构建社会支持网络(如医生推荐、母亲社群经验分享),并采用损失框架沟通方式(如强调不接种可能带来的后悔),以触动其情感动机。(2)大力推动“母女联合HPV疫苗接种”策略,将提高适龄少女母亲的HPV疫苗可及性与接种率作为项目重点,以达到促进适龄少女接种HPV疫苗的效果。(3)提升疫苗接种率的干预需要超越信息传播,着力于构建信任以降低感知障碍,如提高疫苗安全性信息的透明度、发挥民众对基层医护人员的信任来弥合HPV疫苗接种领域的“意愿—行为鸿沟”。
本研究存在以下局限性。首先,此研究为横断面研究,无法考察变量间的因果关系,仅能反映各因素与接种意愿之间的关联性。其次,调查问卷通过学校发送至家长群,采用自愿参与方式,可能存在选择偏倚,即主要纳入了对HPV疫苗感兴趣或有一定了解的家长,这可能高估了父母的HPV和HPV疫苗知晓率及其为女儿接种HPV疫苗的意愿。第三,本研究仅关注接种意愿,缺乏从意愿到实际接种行为的追踪研究,无法深入分析意愿转化为行为的具体机制和影响因素。第四,父亲组样本量相对较小(n=140),可能影响统计效力和结果的可推广性。未来研究应采用纵向设计,扩大父亲组样本量,并深入探讨父母为女儿接种HPV疫苗的意愿向接种行为转化的动态过程和影响机制。此外,本研究局限于苏州市,未来研究应扩展至多中心、大样本的纵向追踪调查以更全面深入地理解中国父母为女儿接种HPV疫苗的影响因素,并在此基础上采取更有效的干预策略来提升青少年HPV疫苗接种率,助力早日实现世界卫生组织提出的在2030年前“消除宫颈癌”的目标。

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doi: 10.11847/zgggws1149010
  • 接收时间:2025-09-25
  • 首发时间:2026-10-23
  • 出版时间:2026-08-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-25
  • 修回日期:2025-12-28
  • 录用日期:2026-04-05
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    1浙江大学医学院公共卫生学院,杭州,310058
    2浙江大学医学院附属第二医院,杭州 310009
    3苏州市相城区漕湖街道社区卫生服务中心,苏州,215131

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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