Article(id=1320427754022097030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320427658937225679, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11847/zgggws1150461, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1774972800000, receivedDateStr=2026-04-01, revisedDate=1780934400000, revisedDateStr=2026-06-09, acceptedDate=1782748800000, acceptedDateStr=2026-06-30, onlineDate=1792744108920, onlineDateStr=2026-10-23, pubDate=1786291200000, pubDateStr=2026-08-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792744108920, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792744108920, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792744108920, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320427658937225679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, year='2026', volume='42', issue='8', pageStart='897', pageEnd='1024', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1786291200000', pubDateStr='2026-08-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792744086250, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792747993375, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320444046678544663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320427658937225679, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320444046678544664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320427658937225679, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=989, endPage=992, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320427754194063495, articleId=1320427754022097030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=EN, title=Beijing′s 2025 summer flood disaster health and epidemic prevention practice experience, problems, and suggestions, columnId=1320427692466492070, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Public Health, columnName=Public Health Field Report, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

This study synthesizes field-based practices in public health emergency response during the 2025 summer flooding in Beijing, identifies prevailing gaps in current operations, and proposes targeted recommendations to inform and strengthen flood-related health emergency governance systems in megacities.

Methods

Using retrospective analysis and focus group methods, the study summarizes the organization, implementation, material support, technical measures, and management mechanisms of Beijing′s 2025 summer flood disaster health and epidemic prevention work.

Results

Through high-level overall planning, inter-departmental collaboration, targeted policy formulation, grassroots implementation and public engagement, Beijing has steadily advanced post-disaster health and epidemic prevention work in an orderly manner and realized the objective of "preventing major epidemics in the aftermath of disasters". Nevertheless, several challenges remain: imperfect cross-departmental coordination mechanisms, emergency plans lacking sufficient pertinence and operability, inadequate grassroots capacity and supporting resources for epidemic prevention, imprecise health education delivery, as well as disjointed efforts between health supervision and technical epidemic prevention work.

Conclusion

Beijing′s overall response to the summer flood epidemic emergency was timely, with relatively systematic measures and strong execution. In the future, efforts should be made to further improve cross-departmental coordination mechanisms, refine plans and standardized procedures, strengthen grassroots epidemic prevention teams and funding assurance, enhance the accuracy of health education, clarify the boundaries between supervision and law enforcement and technical epidemic prevention responsibilities, and continuously improve the emergency management capabilities of epidemic prevention in capital city flood disasters.

, authors=Shuai Du1, Jiaying Kang2, Ayan Mao1, Xiaomeng Xie3, Wuqi Qiu1, authorsList=Shuai Du, Jiaying Kang, Ayan Mao, Xiaomeng Xie, Wuqi Qiu, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiaomeng Xie, Wuqi Qiu, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
Xie Xiaomeng,E-mail:
Qiu Wuqi,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Chinese Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320427754454110344, articleId=1320427754022097030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=CN, title=北京市2025年夏季洪涝灾害卫生防疫经验、问题与建议, columnId=1320427692667818664, journalTitle=中国公共卫生, columnName=公共卫生案例, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

总结2025年北京市夏季洪涝灾害卫生防疫应急处置经验,分析现存问题并提出改进建议,为完善特大城市洪涝灾害卫生应急管理体系提供参考。

方法

采用回顾性分析法和焦点小组法,梳理2025年北京市夏季洪涝灾害卫生防疫工作的组织实施、物资保障、技术措施与管理机制等情况。

结果

北京市通过高位统筹、部门联动、分类施策、基层落实、群众参与等措施,较好地保障了灾后卫生防疫工作的有效开展,实现了“大灾之后无大疫”的目标;但仍存在跨部门协同机制不健全、应急预案针对性和可操作性不足、基层防疫和保障支撑能力相对薄弱、健康宣传教育精准性不高、卫生监督与技术防疫衔接不畅等问题。

结论

北京市洪涝灾害卫生防疫应急处置总体及时、措施系统、执行有力;未来应进一步健全跨部门协同机制、优化应急预案与标准化流程、强化基层防疫能力、提升健康宣传教育精准性、厘清监督执法与技术防疫职责边界,提高首都洪涝灾害卫生应急管理能力。

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都率(1993—),助理研究员,硕士,研究方向:卫生应急管理与公共卫生政策

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谢晓猛,E-mail:
邱五七,E-mail:
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北京市2025年夏季洪涝灾害卫生防疫经验、问题与建议
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都率 1 , 康嘉瑛 2 , 毛阿燕 1 , 谢晓猛 3, *, * , 邱五七 1, *, *
中国公共卫生 | 公共卫生案例 2026,42(8): 989-992
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中国公共卫生 |公共卫生案例 2026 , 42 (8) : 989 -992
北京市2025年夏季洪涝灾害卫生防疫经验、问题与建议
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都率1, 康嘉瑛2, 毛阿燕1, 谢晓猛3, *, * , 邱五七1, *, *
作者信息
  • 1中国医学科学院北京协和医学院,医学信息研究所 公共卫生战略情报研究室,北京 100020
  • 2首都医科大学,北京 100069
  • 3北京市密云区疾病预防控制中心,北京 101520
通讯作者:
谢晓猛,E-mail:
邱五七,E-mail:
作者简介:

都率(1993—),助理研究员,硕士,研究方向:卫生应急管理与公共卫生政策

Beijing′s 2025 summer flood disaster health and epidemic prevention practice experience, problems, and suggestions
Shuai Du1, Jiaying Kang2, Ayan Mao1, Xiaomeng Xie3 , Wuqi Qiu1
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Public Health Strategy, Institute of Medical Information, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100020, China
  • 2Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
  • 3Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Miyun District, Beijing 101520, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    Xie Xiaomeng,E-mail:
    Qiu Wuqi,E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-08-10 doi: 10.11847/zgggws1150461
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目的

总结2025年北京市夏季洪涝灾害卫生防疫应急处置经验,分析现存问题并提出改进建议,为完善特大城市洪涝灾害卫生应急管理体系提供参考。

方法

采用回顾性分析法和焦点小组法,梳理2025年北京市夏季洪涝灾害卫生防疫工作的组织实施、物资保障、技术措施与管理机制等情况。

结果

北京市通过高位统筹、部门联动、分类施策、基层落实、群众参与等措施,较好地保障了灾后卫生防疫工作的有效开展,实现了“大灾之后无大疫”的目标;但仍存在跨部门协同机制不健全、应急预案针对性和可操作性不足、基层防疫和保障支撑能力相对薄弱、健康宣传教育精准性不高、卫生监督与技术防疫衔接不畅等问题。

结论

北京市洪涝灾害卫生防疫应急处置总体及时、措施系统、执行有力;未来应进一步健全跨部门协同机制、优化应急预案与标准化流程、强化基层防疫能力、提升健康宣传教育精准性、厘清监督执法与技术防疫职责边界,提高首都洪涝灾害卫生应急管理能力。

洪涝灾害  /  卫生防疫  /  应急管理  /  北京
Objective

This study synthesizes field-based practices in public health emergency response during the 2025 summer flooding in Beijing, identifies prevailing gaps in current operations, and proposes targeted recommendations to inform and strengthen flood-related health emergency governance systems in megacities.

Methods

Using retrospective analysis and focus group methods, the study summarizes the organization, implementation, material support, technical measures, and management mechanisms of Beijing′s 2025 summer flood disaster health and epidemic prevention work.

Results

Through high-level overall planning, inter-departmental collaboration, targeted policy formulation, grassroots implementation and public engagement, Beijing has steadily advanced post-disaster health and epidemic prevention work in an orderly manner and realized the objective of "preventing major epidemics in the aftermath of disasters". Nevertheless, several challenges remain: imperfect cross-departmental coordination mechanisms, emergency plans lacking sufficient pertinence and operability, inadequate grassroots capacity and supporting resources for epidemic prevention, imprecise health education delivery, as well as disjointed efforts between health supervision and technical epidemic prevention work.

Conclusion

Beijing′s overall response to the summer flood epidemic emergency was timely, with relatively systematic measures and strong execution. In the future, efforts should be made to further improve cross-departmental coordination mechanisms, refine plans and standardized procedures, strengthen grassroots epidemic prevention teams and funding assurance, enhance the accuracy of health education, clarify the boundaries between supervision and law enforcement and technical epidemic prevention responsibilities, and continuously improve the emergency management capabilities of epidemic prevention in capital city flood disasters.

flood disasters  /  sanitary epidemic prevention  /  emergency management  /  Beijing
都率, 康嘉瑛, 毛阿燕, 谢晓猛, 邱五七. 北京市2025年夏季洪涝灾害卫生防疫经验、问题与建议. 中国公共卫生, 2026 , 42 (8) : 989 -992 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1150461
Shuai Du, Jiaying Kang, Ayan Mao, Xiaomeng Xie, Wuqi Qiu. Beijing′s 2025 summer flood disaster health and epidemic prevention practice experience, problems, and suggestions[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2026 , 42 (8) : 989 -992 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1150461
洪涝灾害是发生频率高、影响范围广的自然灾害之一,灾后极易导致饮用水源污染、病媒生物孳生蔓延,进而诱发各类传染病的传播流行[1–2]。因此,洪涝灾害后的卫生防疫工作是防范疫情扩散、保障群众生命安全的重要环节[3]。对首都北京而言,其公共卫生安全不仅关系本地居民健康,还具有显著的示范效应和区域辐射影响。2025年7月下旬,北京遭遇极端强降雨并引发区域性洪涝灾害,在市委、市政府统一领导下,全市卫生健康系统迅速启动应急响应,科学防控、精准施策,有效保障了受灾群众的健康安全。本文以2025年北京市夏季洪涝灾害卫生防疫工作内容为研究对象,系统梳理其组织实施与管理机制,总结实践经验,分析工作中存在的主要问题并提出优化建议,以期为完善首都洪涝灾害卫生防疫应急机制、提升特大城市公共卫生应急管理能力提供参考。
主要包括国家卫生健康委员会、中国疾病预防控制中心等上级部门发布的技术规范与指导文件,北京市卫生健康委员会/疾病预防控制局及各区卫生健康行政部门发布的官方文件、工作简报以及阶段性总结报告,北京市及各区疾病预防控制中心制定的防疫技术方案、操作指南等。收集数据的时间跨度为2025年7—9月,覆盖洪涝灾害预警防范、应急处置及灾后恢复重建的关键阶段。
收集2025年北京夏季洪涝灾害期间卫生防疫工作的相关资料与信息。依据组织管理、协同机制、基层落实、群众参与等维度,整理防疫工作的关键举措、成效亮点,同时聚焦工作中的堵点、难点,剖析现存问题。
2025年9—11月,采用目的抽样法选取北京市、区两级卫生健康行政部门管理人员、疾病预防控制机构业务骨干以及基层一线执行人员等,共计27人组建焦点小组,开展专题讨论。讨论内容围绕洪涝灾害卫生防疫应急响应启动效率、跨部门协同协作机制、应急资源调配、技术方案实施效果、基层防疫工作落实情况等核心问题展开。资料分析采用主题分析法,由2名研究人员负责资料的分析、归类与提炼,梳理洪涝灾害卫生防疫工作中的关键实践经验与突出问题。焦点小组讨论结果与资料回顾结论相互印证、补充完善,以确保研究发现的可靠性与深度。
每年6月进入汛期后,北京市相关部门常态化开展防汛防疫拉练及专题培训,重点强化饮用水消毒、病媒生物监测与控制、环境消杀、安置点卫生防疫等核心技术能力,提高专业队伍对洪涝灾害后公共卫生风险的识别与处置水平;2025年极端强降雨发生前,相关部门基于气象预警、历史灾情和重点风险区域分布,提前研判饮用水污染、肠道传染病传播、病媒生物孳生、安置点人群聚集等易引发健康隐患的多类风险,为后续防疫工作争取时间窗口。
灾后,北京市迅速建立了扁平化指挥调度体系,市级层面成立灾后卫生防疫专班,相关部门主要负责同志靠前指挥,统筹各级卫生防疫资源投入应急处置,明确各层级各环节工作责任,保障卫生防疫各项指令能够及时落地;通过“一表、一图、一日报”等信息管理机制,研判灾害后公共卫生风险动态,梳理现存难点问题,优化处置部署,形成统一指挥、上下贯通的应急指挥格局。
市、区卫生健康部门结合历年洪涝灾害防疫需求,提前储备含氯消毒片、防护用品、水质检测设备和病媒生物监测器具等物资,明确储备量、存储点位等,发生灾情后根据前方需求迅速完成物资调拨并运抵受灾区域,保障一线防疫工作顺利开展。
卫生健康部门与水务部门建立通水进度、消毒指导、水质检测的联动机制,通过专题会商和信息共享,推进水井恢复,提前完成首批合格水井供水任务,提升了饮用水安全保障效率。卫生健康部门还联合应急、民政等部门建立安置点人员信息共享机制,动态掌握安置点人员数量、结构和健康需求,同步推进医疗健康保障和卫生防疫指导;协同爱国卫生运动委员会办公室、农业农村部等部门,开展联合排查并处置病媒生物孳生重点区域,降低病媒传播风险。
针对不同区域受灾程度与防疫薄弱环节,北京市实施“一区一重点、一点一方案”的差异化防控策略。对安置点蚊蝇密度升高的区域,及时组织第三方专业消杀力量开展靶向消杀,并同步推进周边重点区域处置和雨水井疏通治理,降低病媒生物密度;对于农村供水设施受损较重的区域,重点推进井房防护改造、消毒设备更新和水井管理制度完善,从源头提升农村供水抗灾能力和安全保障水平;部分地区还结合中医药特色,在临时安置点提供中医药防疫服务,帮助受灾群众增强健康防护能力。
各区依托区级专家组、乡镇驻点工作组和村卫生室,构建三级防疫网络,推动防疫措施向基层延伸;区级专家组负责提供专业技术指导、研判区域防疫风险,乡镇驻点工作组统筹协调辖区防疫资源、推动各项消杀、监测任务落地,村卫生室则承担日常健康监测、防疫知识宣传和基础医疗服务,实现防疫工作层层推进。
各区通过宣传扇、村广播、微信群、入户走访等方式,开展灾后防疫知识科普,重点讲解饮用水卫生、食品安全、环境消毒、蚊蝇鼠类防制等核心要点,及时回应群众关切,澄清不实信息,引导群众主动做好个人防护、养成良好卫生习惯;部分村庄积极发动党员、志愿者等组建群众防疫工作队,参与环境清理消毒、隐患排查、健康监测等工作,形成群策群力、联防联控的防疫格局。
严格落实农村水井管护主体责任,明确专人定期开展集中式供水水井水质检测和设施消毒;针对分散式水井细化管理规范,指导群众做好日常清洁防护,从源头保障饮用水卫生安全。
各区结合爱国卫生运动与环境整治专项行动,持续组织开展病媒生物孳生地清理工作,重点覆盖居民小区、农村垃圾站、公厕等重点场所,以及低洼积水区域,落实病媒生物密度监测要求,根据监测结果及时进行集中消杀作业,从环境层面阻断病媒生物传播途径。
洪涝灾害卫生防疫工作涉及多领域、多部门,但现行协同机制仍以临时性协调为主,缺乏制度化、常态化运行框架。牵头主体及其职责边界界定不清,部分环节存在责任交叉或管理空白;部门间尚未建立统一的信息共享平台,数据分散于不同业务系统,且统计口径不一致,导致风险研判与决策支撑能力受限。
现有应急预案在应对极端强降雨引发的多区域、大范围同步受灾场景时适配性不足,部分地区出现应急处置力量短缺、任务分配不均等问题,影响消毒消杀、病媒防控、水质检测等核心工作的早期推进;部分预案对不同响应等级下的职责分工、工作流程和操作标准规定不够细化,导致应急处置过程中出现流程不规范、处置顺序不合理等情况。
基层是灾后卫生防疫工作的核心执行单元,但其能力与资源保障仍相对薄弱。例如基层防疫力量依赖临时调配,专业能力参差不齐,且缺乏稳定的经费与物资保障机制;在灾后高负荷情境下,基层人员需同时承担监测、消杀、宣传及数据上报等多重任务,执行压力增加,影响防疫措施的规范性与持续性;部分农村供水设施抗灾能力较弱,小型自备井防护条件不足,易受洪水污染,恢复周期较长。
现有健康宣传教育多采用广播播报、张贴海报等传统方式,不仅对年轻人吸引力不足,同时对老年人群体的信息推送也存在盲区,难以实现受灾群众全覆盖;部分宣传工作停留在灾后集中发放材料和短期宣讲阶段,缺少后续效果评估与巩固宣传,无法及时了解群众知识掌握程度和行为改变情况;部分受灾群众对灾后饮水饮食安全、传染病防控等知识了解不全面,对环境消杀、粪便无害化处理等防疫措施配合度不高,仍存在饮用生水、食用变质受淹食物、乱堆乱放垃圾杂物等行为。
灾后涉及饮用水安全、安置点环境卫生等多项监督任务,需要卫生监督机构与基层防疫技术人员协同完成,但部分灾后临时防疫工作的职责划分不够清晰,存在工作空窗或重复推进的情况;部分执法事项的处置标准也未结合灾后特殊场景细化,容易出现多头检查或责任推诿的问题,影响灾后防疫工作的推进效率。
2025年北京市夏季洪涝灾害卫生防疫实践表明,特大城市洪涝灾害后的公共卫生风险具有协同要求高、波及范围广、处置环节多等特点。单一技术措施难以有效应对复杂的洪涝疫情风险,应构建系统协同的应急管理体系。基于上述分析,建议从协同机制、预案体系、基层能力、健康宣传教育及治理结构等方面进行系统优化,提升首都公共卫生应急管理体系的韧性与适应性。
建立由政府主导的洪涝灾害卫生防疫跨部门联席会议制度,明确卫生健康、应急管理、水务、气象等部门在不同响应等级下的职责分工与协同流程,将灾后临时协调转化为常态化制度安排[4–5]。依托数字化治理平台,整合气象预警、水文监测、疫情监测、物资储备、安置点管理等数据信息,实现多源数据融合与动态风险研判,提高应急决策科学性与响应效率[6]。
基于不同灾害情景,细化差异性应急响应方案,明确组织架构、人员配置及技术路径[7];规范清淤、消毒、水质检测等关键环节的操作指引和实施顺序,避免实际处置中出现流程混乱、操作不规范等问题;建立常态化预案修订机制,结合每次洪涝灾害处置中暴露出的问题,及时调整优化预案内容,并定期组织多部门联合演练,检验预案的可行性,提升各主体的应急响应协同能力[8]。
加强基层防疫队伍建设,将乡村医生、网格员、志愿者等纳入常态化培训体系,重点提升饮用水消毒、病媒监测、环境消杀、个人防护和信息报送能力[9]。建立“市级统筹储备、区级分类储备、乡镇前置储备、村级应急取用”的防疫物资保障体系,明确重点物资最低储备量、更新周期和调用程序,依托信息化平台实现动态管理和精准调配[10]。将卫生防疫经费纳入财政保障体系,明确基层人员补助、临时设施、环境消杀、健康宣传教育和物资补充等费用保障渠道,减轻基层执行压力[11–12]。
结合受灾区域群众的生活习惯与文化认知水平,针对性地开展洪涝灾后防病知识宣传,通过村广播、流动宣传车、村级宣传栏、入户发放宣传单等群众易于接受的方式,普及传染病防控知识,纠正错误认知;针对老年人等重点人群,依托村医、基层网格员开展一对一入户宣传,进一步提升宣传教育的覆盖面与有效性[13]。此外,健康宣传教育不应仅停留于一次性宣讲或材料发放,还需建立反馈机制,通过问卷调查、现场走访和行为观察,了解群众对知识的掌握程度与行为改变情况,及时调整宣传教育内容和方式,避免形式化宣传;依托基层公共卫生服务网络,将灾后防疫宣传教育融入日常,在常态化的健康指导中持续强化群众的防疫意识[14]。
需进一步理顺卫生监督机构和疾控部门在灾后防疫各个环节的职责边界,形成清晰的权责清单,避免出现职责交叉或监管空白;依托现有部门联动机制,完善定期信息共享和联席会议制度,卫生监督部门及时反馈现场检查发现的风险隐患,技术支持部门第一时间跟进开展专业指导和处置,推动形成监督执法推动问题整改、技术支撑保障防控质量的协同工作格局,提高灾后特殊场景下的协同处置能力[15–16]。

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2026年第42卷第8期
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doi: 10.11847/zgggws1150461
  • 接收时间:2026-04-01
  • 首发时间:2026-10-23
  • 出版时间:2026-08-10
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  • 收稿日期:2026-04-01
  • 修回日期:2026-06-09
  • 录用日期:2026-06-30
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    1中国医学科学院北京协和医学院,医学信息研究所 公共卫生战略情报研究室,北京 100020
    2首都医科大学,北京 100069
    3北京市密云区疾病预防控制中心,北京 101520

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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