Article(id=1320431852536578349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320431836577247574, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11847/zgggws1148777, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1756396800000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-29, revisedDate=1767715200000, revisedDateStr=2026-01-07, acceptedDate=1775836800000, acceptedDateStr=2026-04-11, onlineDate=1792745086082, onlineDateStr=2026-10-23, pubDate=1783612800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792745086082, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792745086082, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792745086082, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320431836577247574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, year='2026', volume='42', issue='7', pageStart='769', pageEnd='896', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1783612800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792745082277, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792748015122, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320444137892069377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320431836577247574, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320444137892069378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, issueId=1320431836577247574, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=804, endPage=811, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320431852763070766, articleId=1320431852536578349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=EN, title=Establishment and service provision of weight management clinics in healthcare institutions in Shenzhen: a questionnaire survey, 2025, columnId=1320431838817005911, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Public Health, columnName=Special Report—Healthy Weight Management Initiative, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To comprehensively assess the establishment and service provision of weight management clinics in healthcare institutions in Shenzhen city, Guangdong province, thus providing robust evidence to support the standardized and scientific development of weight management services in China.

Methods

In June 2025, a census survey was conducted among 62 secondary- and tertiary-level medical institutions (STLMIs) and 734 community health service organizations (CHSOs) in Shenzhen. A structured questionnaire was employed to investigate the weight management clinics in terms of establishment, service capacity, equipment configuration, extended services, participation in professional skills training, and existing problems.

Results

The establishment rates of weight management clinics were 83.87% in STLMIs and 11.58% in CHSOs, being higher in STLMIs than in CHSOs (χ2 = 209.68, P < 0.001). In terms of service capacity, STLMIs demonstrated generally strong capabilities in weight management clinics, except for bariatric and metabolic surgery. CHSOs exhibited satisfactory basic service capacity but limited specialized intervention capabilities, with significantly weaker overall capacity than STLMIs. For services targeting children and adolescents as well as pregnant and postpartum women, the proportion of CHSOs with corresponding service capacity was lower than that of STLMIs (all P < 0.01). Regarding equipment configuration, both STLMIs and CHSOs reported over 80% availability of basic examination and assessment equipment (excluding body fat scales and body composition analyzers), with no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05). However, STLMIs showed higher availability of body fat scales, body composition analyzers, and metabolic assessment equipment than CHSOs (all P < 0.01). In terms of extended services, the proportions of STLMIs conducting weight management-related skills training and providing school-based health education and free medical consultations were 50.00% and 40.38%, respectively, both higher than those of CHSOs (17.65% and 21.18%, respectively; both P < 0.05). With respect to professional skills training, the proportions of STLMIs receiving training in endocrine and metabolic diseases, nutrition guidance, exercise guidance, and psychological and behavioral interventions were 80.77%, 76.92%, 78.85%, and 59.62%, respectively, all higher than those of CHSOs (51.76%, 48.24%, 52.94%, and 32.94%, respectively; all P < 0.01). The major problems reported by STLMIs included information systems failing to meet work demands, insufficient publicity coupled with low outpatient volume, and lack of effective incentive mechanisms. CHSOs mainly reported inadequate equipment and facilities, information systems failing to meet work demands, and limited professional skills among healthcare staff.

Conclusions

The overall establishment of weight management clinics in healthcare institutions in Shenzhen is relatively satisfactory, while substantial room for improvement remains in CHSOs.

, authors=Yan LI, Erya WEN, Wenlong LU, Bingliang LIN, Peng XUAN, Lina LAN, Jingfan XIONG, authorsList=Yan LI, Erya WEN, Wenlong LU, Bingliang LIN, Peng XUAN, Lina LAN, Jingfan XIONG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jingfan XIONG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
XIONG Jingfan, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Chinese Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320431853253804335, articleId=1320431852536578349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, language=CN, title=深圳市医疗卫生机构体重管理门诊开设情况及服务状况:一项2025年问卷调查分析, columnId=1320431838980583769, journalTitle=中国公共卫生, columnName=专题报道——健康体重管理行动, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

全面了解广东省深圳市医疗卫生机构体重管理门诊开设情况及服务状况,为推动我国体重管理服务的规范化、科学化发展提供有力的循证依据。

方法

于2025年6月采用普查法对深圳市62家二级及以上医疗机构(简称“大型医院”)和734家社区健康服务机构(简称“社康机构”)的医疗卫生机构体重管理门诊开设情况、服务能力情况、设备配备情况、延伸服务情况、技能培训接受情况和存在问题进行问卷调查。

结果

大型医院和社康机构体重管理门诊开设比例分别为83.87%和11.58%,大型医院体重管理门诊开设比例高于社康机构(χ2=209.68,P<0.001)。在开设能力方面,大型医院体重管理门诊相关能力(除开展减重代谢手术)情况良好,社康机构体重管理门诊基础能力尚可但各专项干预能力相对薄弱,整体能力均显著弱于大型医院;在儿童青少年和孕产妇两类人群中,社康机构具有相应服务能力的情况均低于大型医院(均P< 0.01)。在设备配备方面,大型医院和社康机构体重管理门诊基础检查设备(除体脂秤和人体成分分析仪)及基础评估设备配备比例均>80%且差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);大型医院体重管理门诊体脂秤、人体成分分析仪及代谢评估设备(除超声骨密度仪)配备情况均优于社康机构(均P<0.01)。在延伸服务方面,大型医院体重管理门诊在主办体重管理相关技能培训及入校开展体重管理相关健康教育和义诊活动方面的开展比例分别为50.00%和40.38%,均高于社康机构体重管理门诊的17.65%和21.18%(均P<0.05)。在技能培训接受方面,大型医院体重管理门诊医护人员在内分泌代谢疾病、营养指导、运动指导和心理行为指导相关技能培训的接受比例分别为80.77%、76.92%、78.85%和59.62%,均高于社康机构的51.76%、48.24%、52.94%和32.94%(均P< 0.01)。大型医院体重管理门诊整体反映主要的问题为信息系统不能满足工作需求、宣传不足且门诊量少、无激励措施或激励措施落实不到位;社康机构整体反映主要的问题为设备设施不齐全、信息系统不能满足工作需求和医护人员技能不足。

结论

深圳市医疗卫生机构体重管理门诊开设现状尚佳,社区健康服务机构仍有较大提升空间。

, authors=李妍, 温尔雅, 卢文龙, 林炳亮, 宣鹏, 蓝丽娜, 熊静帆*, *, authorsList=李妍, 温尔雅, 卢文龙, 林炳亮, 宣鹏, 蓝丽娜, 熊静帆, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=熊静帆, authorNote=

李妍(1995—),主管医师,博士,研究方向:慢性病预防与控制

, correspAuthorsNote=
熊静帆,E-mail:
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李妍(1995—),主管医师,博士,研究方向:慢性病预防与控制

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Comparison of service capacity of weight management clinics across different types of healthcare institutions in Shenzhen

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目三类人群中任一一般人群儿童青少年孕产妇全部三类人群
大型医院(n=52)社康机构(n=85)大型医院(n=52)社康机构(n=85)大型医院(n=52)社康机构(n=85)大型医院(n=52)社康机构(n=85)大型医院(n=52)社康机构(n=85)
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体格检查及肥胖判定52100.008397.65 a4994.238397.65 a4688.464654.12 d3465.382529.41 d3261.542327.06 d
评估病因并诊断
并发症
52100.007183.53 c4994.237082.35 b4586.543642.35 d3465.382124.71 d3261.541922.35 d
常规生活方式干预52100.008397.65 a4994.238397.65 a4790.384957.65 d3771.153136.47 d3567.312934.12 d
儿童生长发育判定4586.544552.94 d4586.544552.94 d
运动处方制定4280.775868.243975.005767.063669.232327.06 d2242.311315.29 d2038.461112.94 c
营养处方制定4586.544957.65 d4280.774957.65 c4076.922327.06 d2955.771517.65 d2955.771416.47 d
药物干预5096.156576.47 c4892.316576.47 b3975.002731.76 d2344.231517.65 c2242.311315.29 d
中医诊断及治疗4994.238498.82 a4688.468498.82 ab4280.774552.94 c3159.622630.59 c2955.772529.41 c
心理评估和干预4280.775362.35 b3975.005362.353975.002731.76 d2751.921214.12 d2650.001112.94 d
睡眠呼吸问题干预4586.545160.00 c4280.775058.82 c3975.002630.59 d2751.921214.12 d2548.081214.12 d
开展减重代谢手术2853.852853.852038.461325.001325.00
随访管理52100.007992.94 a4994.237891.764382.694350.59 d3363.462731.76 d3057.692529.41 c
), ArticleFig(id=1320431858018533729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320431852536578349, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

深圳市不同类型医疗卫生机构体重管理门诊相关服务能力比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目三类人群中任一一般人群儿童青少年孕产妇全部三类人群
大型医院(n=52)社康机构(n=85)大型医院(n=52)社康机构(n=85)大型医院(n=52)社康机构(n=85)大型医院(n=52)社康机构(n=85)大型医院(n=52)社康机构(n=85)
机构数比例
/%
机构数比例
/%
机构数比例
/%
机构数比例
/%
机构数比例
/%
机构数比例
/%
机构数比例
/%
机构数比例
/%
机构数比例
/%
机构数比例
/%
体格检查及肥胖判定52100.008397.65 a4994.238397.65 a4688.464654.12 d3465.382529.41 d3261.542327.06 d
评估病因并诊断
并发症
52100.007183.53 c4994.237082.35 b4586.543642.35 d3465.382124.71 d3261.541922.35 d
常规生活方式干预52100.008397.65 a4994.238397.65 a4790.384957.65 d3771.153136.47 d3567.312934.12 d
儿童生长发育判定4586.544552.94 d4586.544552.94 d
运动处方制定4280.775868.243975.005767.063669.232327.06 d2242.311315.29 d2038.461112.94 c
营养处方制定4586.544957.65 d4280.774957.65 c4076.922327.06 d2955.771517.65 d2955.771416.47 d
药物干预5096.156576.47 c4892.316576.47 b3975.002731.76 d2344.231517.65 c2242.311315.29 d
中医诊断及治疗4994.238498.82 a4688.468498.82 ab4280.774552.94 c3159.622630.59 c2955.772529.41 c
心理评估和干预4280.775362.35 b3975.005362.353975.002731.76 d2751.921214.12 d2650.001112.94 d
睡眠呼吸问题干预4586.545160.00 c4280.775058.82 c3975.002630.59 d2751.921214.12 d2548.081214.12 d
开展减重代谢手术2853.852853.852038.461325.001325.00
随访管理52100.007992.94 a4994.237891.764382.694350.59 d3363.462731.76 d3057.692529.41 c
), ArticleFig(id=1320431858102419810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320431852536578349, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Comparison of self-rated service capacity levels of weight management clinics across different types of healthcare institutions in Shenzhen

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目能力等级大型医院(n=52)社康机构(n=85)χ2值P值
机构数比例/%机构数比例/%
体格检查及肥胖判定非常弱00.0055.888.540.003
较弱11.9244.71
及格611.542225.88
优秀4586.545463.53
评估病因并诊断并发症非常弱00.00910.5922.60<0.001
较弱23.851011.76
及格611.543338.82
优秀4484.623338.82
常规生活方式干预非常弱00.0022.357.270.007
较弱00.0078.24
及格917.312124.71
优秀4382.695564.71
儿童生长发育判定非常弱35.771720.0011.080.001
较弱47.691011.76
及格713.462327.06
优秀3873.083541.18
运动处方制定非常弱917.312529.418.490.004
较弱35.771112.94
及格1121.152731.76
优秀2955.772225.88
营养处方制定非常弱59.622934.1227.52<0.001
较弱11.921112.94
及格611.542529.41
优秀4076.922023.53
药物干预非常弱23.852529.4123.76<0.001
较弱23.8567.06
及格815.382731.76
优秀4076.922731.76
中医诊断及治疗非常弱23.8533.530.660.418
较弱11.9278.24
及格917.311416.47
优秀4076.926171.76
心理评估和干预非常弱1019.232832.9411.210.001
较弱23.851214.12
及格815.382327.06
优秀3261.542225.88
睡眠呼吸问题干预非常弱47.692934.1220.40<0.001
较弱35.77910.59
及格1223.082529.41
优秀3363.462225.88
开展减重代谢手术非常弱2242.31
较弱00.00
及格815.38
优秀2242.31
随访管理非常弱11.921112.947.450.006
较弱00.0055.88
及格1019.231618.82
优秀4178.855362.35
), ArticleFig(id=1320431858182111587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320431852536578349, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

深圳市不同类型医疗卫生机构体重管理门诊相关服务能力自评能力等级情况比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目能力等级大型医院(n=52)社康机构(n=85)χ2值P值
机构数比例/%机构数比例/%
体格检查及肥胖判定非常弱00.0055.888.540.003
较弱11.9244.71
及格611.542225.88
优秀4586.545463.53
评估病因并诊断并发症非常弱00.00910.5922.60<0.001
较弱23.851011.76
及格611.543338.82
优秀4484.623338.82
常规生活方式干预非常弱00.0022.357.270.007
较弱00.0078.24
及格917.312124.71
优秀4382.695564.71
儿童生长发育判定非常弱35.771720.0011.080.001
较弱47.691011.76
及格713.462327.06
优秀3873.083541.18
运动处方制定非常弱917.312529.418.490.004
较弱35.771112.94
及格1121.152731.76
优秀2955.772225.88
营养处方制定非常弱59.622934.1227.52<0.001
较弱11.921112.94
及格611.542529.41
优秀4076.922023.53
药物干预非常弱23.852529.4123.76<0.001
较弱23.8567.06
及格815.382731.76
优秀4076.922731.76
中医诊断及治疗非常弱23.8533.530.660.418
较弱11.9278.24
及格917.311416.47
优秀4076.926171.76
心理评估和干预非常弱1019.232832.9411.210.001
较弱23.851214.12
及格815.382327.06
优秀3261.542225.88
睡眠呼吸问题干预非常弱47.692934.1220.40<0.001
较弱35.77910.59
及格1223.082529.41
优秀3363.462225.88
开展减重代谢手术非常弱2242.31
较弱00.00
及格815.38
优秀2242.31
随访管理非常弱11.921112.947.450.006
较弱00.0055.88
及格1019.231618.82
优秀4178.855362.35
), ArticleFig(id=1320431858261803364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320431852536578349, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Comparison of equipment and information system availability of weight management clinics across different types of healthcare institutions in Shenzhen

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类大型医院(n=52)社康机构(n=85)χ2值P值
机构数比例/%机构数比例/%
基础检查设备身高体重测量设备52100.008498.82>0.999 a
软尺52100.0085100.00
血压计5198.088498.82>0.999 a
体脂秤4892.316070.599.120.003
人体成分分析仪4892.312327.0655.02<0.001
基础评估设备心电图仪52100.0085100.00
超声仪5096.157689.410.206 a
肺功能检测仪4484.626981.180.260.607
代谢评估设备骨龄仪3771.151112.9448.03<0.001
肝脏弹性检测仪3159.6222.3557.85<0.001
能量代谢检测仪1732.6911.1828.08<0.001
多导睡眠监测仪3261.5467.0647.77<0.001
超声骨密度仪3159.624148.241.680.196
双能X线骨密度仪3669.2344.7164.98<0.001
信息化设备应用于诊疗1936.543035.290.020.883
应用于随访2650.003035.292.890.089
应用于健康教育2140.383237.650.100.750
), ArticleFig(id=1320431858349883749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320431852536578349, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

深圳市不同类型医疗卫生机构体重管理门诊相关设备系统配备情况比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类大型医院(n=52)社康机构(n=85)χ2值P值
机构数比例/%机构数比例/%
基础检查设备身高体重测量设备52100.008498.82>0.999 a
软尺52100.0085100.00
血压计5198.088498.82>0.999 a
体脂秤4892.316070.599.120.003
人体成分分析仪4892.312327.0655.02<0.001
基础评估设备心电图仪52100.0085100.00
超声仪5096.157689.410.206 a
肺功能检测仪4484.626981.180.260.607
代谢评估设备骨龄仪3771.151112.9448.03<0.001
肝脏弹性检测仪3159.6222.3557.85<0.001
能量代谢检测仪1732.6911.1828.08<0.001
多导睡眠监测仪3261.5467.0647.77<0.001
超声骨密度仪3159.624148.241.680.196
双能X线骨密度仪3669.2344.7164.98<0.001
信息化设备应用于诊疗1936.543035.290.020.883
应用于随访2650.003035.292.890.089
应用于健康教育2140.383237.650.100.750
), ArticleFig(id=1320431858421186918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320431852536578349, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Comparison of problems reported by weight management clinics across different types of healthcare institutions in Shenzhen

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目存在问题等级大型医院(n=52)社康机构(n=85)χ2值P值
机构数比例/%机构数比例/%
设备设施不齐全没有或较少2853.851922.3513.55<0.001
一般35.7789.41
较多1630.773743.53
严重59.622124.71
医护人员人手不足没有或较少2853.852225.884.200.040
一般35.771720.00
较多1223.083237.65
严重917.311416.47
医护人员技能不足没有或较少3261.541922.3521.8<0.001
一般713.461416.47
较多1121.153743.53
严重23.851517.65
机构场地限制没有或较少2751.923945.880.190.660
一般713.461214.12
较多1121.152529.41
严重713.46910.59
机构没有统筹安排没有或较少3873.082934.1214.73<0.001
一般59.621720.00
较多59.622731.76
严重47.691214.12
无激励措施或激励措施落实不到位没有或较少2242.313035.290.510.477
一般1121.152023.53
较多1019.231821.18
严重917.311720.00
宣传力度不足,门诊量少没有或较少2038.462428.242.670.102
一般1426.922023.53
较多1223.082529.41
严重611.541618.82
信息系统不能满足工作需求没有或较少2038.462124.712.070.150
一般713.461315.29
较多1325.002832.94
严重1223.082327.06
), ArticleFig(id=1320431858496684391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319373219989389464, articleId=1320431852536578349, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

深圳市不同类型医疗卫生机构开设体重管理门诊存在问题情况比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目存在问题等级大型医院(n=52)社康机构(n=85)χ2值P值
机构数比例/%机构数比例/%
设备设施不齐全没有或较少2853.851922.3513.55<0.001
一般35.7789.41
较多1630.773743.53
严重59.622124.71
医护人员人手不足没有或较少2853.852225.884.200.040
一般35.771720.00
较多1223.083237.65
严重917.311416.47
医护人员技能不足没有或较少3261.541922.3521.8<0.001
一般713.461416.47
较多1121.153743.53
严重23.851517.65
机构场地限制没有或较少2751.923945.880.190.660
一般713.461214.12
较多1121.152529.41
严重713.46910.59
机构没有统筹安排没有或较少3873.082934.1214.73<0.001
一般59.621720.00
较多59.622731.76
严重47.691214.12
无激励措施或激励措施落实不到位没有或较少2242.313035.290.510.477
一般1121.152023.53
较多1019.231821.18
严重917.311720.00
宣传力度不足,门诊量少没有或较少2038.462428.242.670.102
一般1426.922023.53
较多1223.082529.41
严重611.541618.82
信息系统不能满足工作需求没有或较少2038.462124.712.070.150
一般713.461315.29
较多1325.002832.94
严重1223.082327.06
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深圳市医疗卫生机构体重管理门诊开设情况及服务状况:一项2025年问卷调查分析
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李妍 , 温尔雅 , 卢文龙 , 林炳亮 , 宣鹏 , 蓝丽娜 , 熊静帆 *, *
中国公共卫生 | 专题报道——健康体重管理行动 2026,42(7): 804-811
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中国公共卫生 |专题报道——健康体重管理行动 2026 , 42 (7) : 804 -811
深圳市医疗卫生机构体重管理门诊开设情况及服务状况:一项2025年问卷调查分析
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李妍, 温尔雅, 卢文龙, 林炳亮, 宣鹏, 蓝丽娜, 熊静帆*, *
作者信息
  • 深圳市慢性病防治中心,深圳 518020
通讯作者:
熊静帆,E-mail:
作者简介:

李妍(1995—),主管医师,博士,研究方向:慢性病预防与控制

Establishment and service provision of weight management clinics in healthcare institutions in Shenzhen: a questionnaire survey, 2025
Yan LI, Erya WEN, Wenlong LU, Bingliang LIN, Peng XUAN, Lina LAN, Jingfan XIONG
Affiliations
  • Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518020, China
  • Corresponding Author:
    XIONG Jingfan, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-07-10 doi: 10.11847/zgggws1148777
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目的

全面了解广东省深圳市医疗卫生机构体重管理门诊开设情况及服务状况,为推动我国体重管理服务的规范化、科学化发展提供有力的循证依据。

方法

于2025年6月采用普查法对深圳市62家二级及以上医疗机构(简称“大型医院”)和734家社区健康服务机构(简称“社康机构”)的医疗卫生机构体重管理门诊开设情况、服务能力情况、设备配备情况、延伸服务情况、技能培训接受情况和存在问题进行问卷调查。

结果

大型医院和社康机构体重管理门诊开设比例分别为83.87%和11.58%,大型医院体重管理门诊开设比例高于社康机构(χ2=209.68,P<0.001)。在开设能力方面,大型医院体重管理门诊相关能力(除开展减重代谢手术)情况良好,社康机构体重管理门诊基础能力尚可但各专项干预能力相对薄弱,整体能力均显著弱于大型医院;在儿童青少年和孕产妇两类人群中,社康机构具有相应服务能力的情况均低于大型医院(均P< 0.01)。在设备配备方面,大型医院和社康机构体重管理门诊基础检查设备(除体脂秤和人体成分分析仪)及基础评估设备配备比例均>80%且差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);大型医院体重管理门诊体脂秤、人体成分分析仪及代谢评估设备(除超声骨密度仪)配备情况均优于社康机构(均P<0.01)。在延伸服务方面,大型医院体重管理门诊在主办体重管理相关技能培训及入校开展体重管理相关健康教育和义诊活动方面的开展比例分别为50.00%和40.38%,均高于社康机构体重管理门诊的17.65%和21.18%(均P<0.05)。在技能培训接受方面,大型医院体重管理门诊医护人员在内分泌代谢疾病、营养指导、运动指导和心理行为指导相关技能培训的接受比例分别为80.77%、76.92%、78.85%和59.62%,均高于社康机构的51.76%、48.24%、52.94%和32.94%(均P< 0.01)。大型医院体重管理门诊整体反映主要的问题为信息系统不能满足工作需求、宣传不足且门诊量少、无激励措施或激励措施落实不到位;社康机构整体反映主要的问题为设备设施不齐全、信息系统不能满足工作需求和医护人员技能不足。

结论

深圳市医疗卫生机构体重管理门诊开设现状尚佳,社区健康服务机构仍有较大提升空间。

体重管理门诊  /  开设情况  /  服务状况  /  医疗卫生机构  /  深圳市
Objective

To comprehensively assess the establishment and service provision of weight management clinics in healthcare institutions in Shenzhen city, Guangdong province, thus providing robust evidence to support the standardized and scientific development of weight management services in China.

Methods

In June 2025, a census survey was conducted among 62 secondary- and tertiary-level medical institutions (STLMIs) and 734 community health service organizations (CHSOs) in Shenzhen. A structured questionnaire was employed to investigate the weight management clinics in terms of establishment, service capacity, equipment configuration, extended services, participation in professional skills training, and existing problems.

Results

The establishment rates of weight management clinics were 83.87% in STLMIs and 11.58% in CHSOs, being higher in STLMIs than in CHSOs (χ2 = 209.68, P < 0.001). In terms of service capacity, STLMIs demonstrated generally strong capabilities in weight management clinics, except for bariatric and metabolic surgery. CHSOs exhibited satisfactory basic service capacity but limited specialized intervention capabilities, with significantly weaker overall capacity than STLMIs. For services targeting children and adolescents as well as pregnant and postpartum women, the proportion of CHSOs with corresponding service capacity was lower than that of STLMIs (all P < 0.01). Regarding equipment configuration, both STLMIs and CHSOs reported over 80% availability of basic examination and assessment equipment (excluding body fat scales and body composition analyzers), with no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05). However, STLMIs showed higher availability of body fat scales, body composition analyzers, and metabolic assessment equipment than CHSOs (all P < 0.01). In terms of extended services, the proportions of STLMIs conducting weight management-related skills training and providing school-based health education and free medical consultations were 50.00% and 40.38%, respectively, both higher than those of CHSOs (17.65% and 21.18%, respectively; both P < 0.05). With respect to professional skills training, the proportions of STLMIs receiving training in endocrine and metabolic diseases, nutrition guidance, exercise guidance, and psychological and behavioral interventions were 80.77%, 76.92%, 78.85%, and 59.62%, respectively, all higher than those of CHSOs (51.76%, 48.24%, 52.94%, and 32.94%, respectively; all P < 0.01). The major problems reported by STLMIs included information systems failing to meet work demands, insufficient publicity coupled with low outpatient volume, and lack of effective incentive mechanisms. CHSOs mainly reported inadequate equipment and facilities, information systems failing to meet work demands, and limited professional skills among healthcare staff.

Conclusions

The overall establishment of weight management clinics in healthcare institutions in Shenzhen is relatively satisfactory, while substantial room for improvement remains in CHSOs.

weight management clinic  /  establishment  /  service provision  /  healthcare institutions  /  Shenzhen
李妍, 温尔雅, 卢文龙, 林炳亮, 宣鹏, 蓝丽娜, 熊静帆. 深圳市医疗卫生机构体重管理门诊开设情况及服务状况:一项2025年问卷调查分析. 中国公共卫生, 2026 , 42 (7) : 804 -811 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1148777
Yan LI, Erya WEN, Wenlong LU, Bingliang LIN, Peng XUAN, Lina LAN, Jingfan XIONG. Establishment and service provision of weight management clinics in healthcare institutions in Shenzhen: a questionnaire survey, 2025[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2026 , 42 (7) : 804 -811 . DOI: 10.11847/zgggws1148777
一项发表于《柳叶刀》杂志的最新流行病学研究指出,中国≥25岁成年超重和肥胖患者到2021年达4.02亿,数量居全球首位,且肥胖症的年轻化使得儿童青少年肥胖形势同样严峻,成为影响国民健康的重要公共卫生挑战[1]。研究表明,肥胖及其相关代谢性疾病不仅增加个体健康风险,更给医疗体系带来沉重负担,因此构建科学有效的体重管理体系成为迫切需求[2]。为积极遏制肥胖流行,国家卫生健康委会同多部门启动“体重管理年”活动,推进各级医疗卫生机构开展体重管理工作,鼓励医疗卫生机构设置体重管理门诊或肥胖防治中心,为以肥胖症为主的体重异常人群提供诊疗服务[3–4]。为全面了解广东省深圳市医疗卫生机构体重管理门诊开设情况及服务状况,为推动我国体重管理服务的规范化、科学化发展提供有力的循证依据,本研究于2025年6月采用普查法对深圳市62家二级及以上医疗机构(简称“大型医院”)和734家社区健康服务机构(简称“社康机构”)的医疗卫生机构体重管理门诊开设情况、服务能力情况、设备配备情况、延伸服务情况、技能培训接受情况和存在问题进行了问卷调查。结果报告如下。
采用普查法于2025年6月在深圳市全市10个区范围内对辖区内综合医院、专科医院和社区健康服务机构(简称“社康机构”)等医疗卫生机构进行调查。全市10个区64家非营利性二级及以上医疗机构(简称“大型医院”)和933家社康机构中,最终完成调查的有62家大型医院和734家社康机构共796家医疗卫生机构,应答率为79.84%。
采用自行设计的《深圳市医疗卫生机构体重管理门诊现况调研问卷》,由深圳市卫生健康委员会以公文形式发送至全市10个区的医疗卫生机构并解释说明问卷填写要求,由各医疗卫生机构安排专人扫描二维码完成电子问卷填报。内容包括体重管理门诊开设情况、体重管理相关服务能力情况、体重管理相关设备配备情况、体重管理诊疗外相关工作开展情况、接受体重管理服务相关培训情况和开设体重管理门诊存在的问题。体重管理门诊开设情况围绕是否开展体重管理门诊及目前开设类型(分为一站式多学科联合门诊、一站式单学科主导型MDT门诊和非一站式服务体重管理门诊)开展调查。体重管理相关服务能力情况针对一般人群、儿童青少年、孕产妇三类群体,分别调查机构是否具备体格检查及肥胖判定、评估病因并诊断并发症、常规生活方式干预、儿童生长发育判定、运动处方制定、营养处方制定、药物干预、中医诊断及治疗、心理评估和干预、睡眠呼吸问题干预、开展减重代谢手术、随访管理12项核心服务能力,并对各项能力进行4级主观评价(分为“非常弱”“较弱”“及格”和“优秀”)。体重管理相关设备配备情况调查医疗机构是否配备基础检查、基础评估、代谢评估及信息化等四类设备。体重管理诊疗外相关工作开展情况调查医疗机构是否主办体重管理相关技能培训、进社区开展居民体重管理相关健康教育和义诊活动、入校开展体重管理相关健康教育和义诊活动三类工作。接受体重管理服务相关培训情况针对门诊医护人员是否接受过肥胖防控综合培训、内分泌代谢疾病技能培训、营养指导相关技能培训、运动指导相关技能培训、心理行为指导相关技能培训五类技能培训。此外,开设体重管理门诊存在的问题调查医疗机构是否存在设备设施不齐全、医护人员人手不足、医护人员技能不足、机构场地限制、机构没有统筹安排、无激励措施或激励措施落实不到位、宣传不足且门诊量少、信息系统不能满足工作需求8个方面问题,并对各方面问题进行4级主观评价(分为“没有或较少”“一般”“较多”和“严重”)。
本次调查问卷附有详细填写说明以解释各问题和变量意义,所采用的电子问卷通过设置逻辑关系和数据范围等方式确保调查质量。
应用R 4.3.2软件进行统计分析。分类变量和等级变量采用n和%描述,采用χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法对二分类变量(是否具有体重管理门诊相关服务能力、是否配备相关设备系统、是否开展体重管理诊疗外相关工作、是否接受体重管理服务相关培训)进行分析,采用趋势性χ2检验对等级变量(服务能力自评等级、存在问题等级)进行分析。检验水准为双侧检验α=0.05。
深圳市大型医院和社康机构体重管理门诊开设比例分别为83.87%(52/62)和11.58%(85/734),大型医院体重管理门诊开设比例高于社康机构(χ2=209.68,P<0.001)。开设体重管理门诊的大型医院以一站式单学科主导型多学科会诊门诊类型为主,为28家(53.85%);开设体重管理门诊的社康机构以非一站式服务体重管理门诊类型为主,为65家(76.47%);大型医院与社康机构比较,体重管理门诊开设类型差异有统计学意义(χ2=25.94,P<0.001)。
深圳市开设体重管理门诊>90%的大型医院具有基础服务能力,包括体格检查及肥胖判定、评估病因并诊断并发症、常规生活方式干预、药物干预、中医诊断及治疗和随访管理;>80%的大型医院体重管理门诊能进行儿童生长发育判定、运动处方制定、营养处方制定、心理评估和干预、睡眠呼吸问题干预等专项干预,53.85%(28/52)的大型医院体重管理门诊能开展减重手术。深圳市开设体重管理门诊的社康机构普遍可以进行体格检查及肥胖判定、评估病因并诊断并发症、常规生活方式干预、中医诊断及治疗和随访管理,>50%的社康机构体重管理门诊能进行儿童生长发育判定、运动处方制定、营养处方制定、药物干预、心理评估和干预、睡眠呼吸问题干预。深圳市大型医院和社康机构体重管理门诊在评估病因并诊断并发症、儿童生长发育判定、营养处方制定、药物干预、心理评估和干预、睡眠呼吸问题干预等服务能力上差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。对人群类型进行划分,>60%的大型医院体重管理门诊可同时进行一般人群、儿童青少年和孕产妇全部三类人群的体格检查及肥胖判定、评估病因并诊断并发症和常规生活方式干预,具有其他服务能力比例为35%~60%;仅34.12%(29/85)的社康机构体重管理门诊可同时进行一般人群、儿童青少年和孕产妇全部3类人群的常规生活方式干预,具有其他能力比例均<30%。尤其在儿童青少年和孕产妇两类人群上,社康机构具有各项服务能力的比例均低于大型医院(均P<0.01)。深圳市不同类型医疗卫生机构自评能力等级情况与上述结果相似,大部分大型医院体重管理门诊相关能力(除减重代谢手术)均自评为“优秀”,社康机构体重管理门诊在绝大多数服务能力上评价低于大型医院。
在绝大多数基础检查设备、基础评估设备上,大型医院和社康机构体重管理门诊配备齐全且情况接近,两类医疗卫生机构体重管理门诊信息化设备配备情况接近(均P>0.05);但其中体脂秤和人体成分分析仪的配备两类机构存在显著差异(均P<0.01),大型医院配备率分别为92.31%(48/52)和92.31%(48/52),社康机构配备率分别为70.59%(60/85)和27.06%(23/85)。在代谢评估设备上,除超声骨密度仪外,大型医院骨龄仪、肝脏弹性检测仪、能量代谢检测仪、多导睡眠监测仪和双能X线骨密度仪的配备情况均显著优于社康机构(均P<0.001)。
深圳市大型医院和社康机构体重管理门诊主办体重管理相关技能培训、进社区开展居民体重管理相关健康教育和义诊活动、入校开展体重管理相关健康教育和义诊活动等体重管理诊疗外相关工作开展比例分别为50.00%(26/52)和17.65%(15/85)、69.23%(36/52)和62.35%(53/85)、40.38%(21/52)和21.18%(18/85);深圳市不同类型医疗卫生机构比较,大型医院体重管理门诊主办体重管理相关技能培训及入校开展体重管理相关健康教育和义诊活动开展比例均高于社康机构(均P<0.05)。
深圳市大型医院和社康机构体重管理门诊医护人员接受肥胖防控综合培训、内分泌代谢疾病技能培训、营养指导相关技能培训、运动指导相关技能培训、心理行为指导相关技能培训的比例分别为75.00%(39/52)和61.18%(52/85)、80.77%(42/52)和51.76%(44/85)、76.92%(40/52)和48.24%(41/85)、78.85%(41/52)和52.94%(45/85)、59.62%(31/52)和32.94%(28/85);深圳市不同类型医疗卫生机构比较,大型医院体重管理门诊医护人员接受内分泌代谢疾病技能培训、营养指导相关技能培训、运动指导相关技能培训和心理行为指导相关技能培训的比例均高于社康机构(均P<0.01)。
深圳市大型医院体重管理门诊整体反映主要的问题为信息系统不能满足工作需求、宣传不足且门诊量少、无激励措施或激励措施落实不到位,社康机构整体反映主要的问题为设备设施不齐全、信息系统不能满足工作需求和医护人员技能不足。深圳市不同类型医疗卫生机构比较,大型医院和社康机构体重管理门诊在设备设施不齐全、医护人员人手不足、医护人员技能不足和机构没有统筹安排等存在问题等级不同,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。
在国民健康需求日益增长与政策强力驱动的双重背景下,各地医疗机构积极开展体重控制管理相关工作。因此,不同层级医疗卫生机构的体重管理门诊建设得到快速推进,但在体重管理门诊快速发展的背景下,如何实现科学配置优化、多学科协作机制构建、服务覆盖率提升和运营模式的可持续性,尚有待深入探讨[5]。因此,深圳市系统性开展具有城市代表性的医疗机构体重管理门诊开设情况及服务状况的调查,拟通过全面摸底掌握当地体重管理门诊相关现状和存在的问题,为下一步制定具有针对性的改进策略和政策建议提供科学依据。目前,深圳市在体重管理门诊建设方面已取得一定进展,大型医院和社康机构体重管理门诊开设比例分别为83.87%和11.58%。此外,两类医疗卫生机构的门诊类型分别以一站式单学科主导型多学科会诊和非一站式服务为主,符合优化资源配置的建议[4]。
从服务能力与资源配置角度分析,深圳市大型医院和社康机构在基础性体重管理方面的服务供给能力相近,均能满足公众体重管理的基本需求,但二者在专项干预能力方面尚存在明显差异。这一能力分布特征与《“体重管理年”活动实施方案》中提出的分级诊疗职能分工要求高度契合,为构建系统化、流程化的分级体重管理模式提供了实践基础[3]。体重管理的基础在于多成分行为干预,其涵盖膳食指导、体力活动促进和行为认知调整等综合措施,且需持续干预6~12个月[6],基于其长期性和连续性的服务特点,体重管理的主要实施场域必然下沉至基层医疗机构[7]。深圳市相关政策文件已明确这一导向,《深圳市社区健康服务管理办法》规定“市卫生健康、医保行政部门应当指导医疗机构实行双向转诊,即由社康机构完成首诊及康复、长期管理工作”[8],《深圳市家庭医生服务管理办法(试行)》进一步强调家庭医生应提供综合性、连续性、协调性、个性化的医疗卫生和健康管理服务[9]。然而,本次调查发现,目前深圳市社康机构的专项体重管理干预能力仍显不足,与政策预期存在差距。这一现象并非孤立个案,一项纳入全球多个国家77项研究的综述表明,尽管初级医疗保健中家庭医生在肥胖诊断中参与度较高,但往往缺乏对肥胖者提供有效的干预指导[10]。因此,应加强专业人员培训并完善基层服务体系建设,培养基层医防管复合型骨干人员,进一步提升社康机构的专项体重管理干预能力,提高体重管理服务的可及性[11–12]。
本次调查发现深圳市目前对孕产妇和儿童青少年体重管理的服务能力不佳,且社康机构在此方面短板尤为显著,与江苏省情况相似[13]。然而,孕产妇及儿童体重管理在公共卫生领域具有重要的战略意义。从生命历程视角来看,孕产期体重管理不仅关系到母婴近期的健康结局,更通过代谢编程机制对子代远期健康产生深远影响;儿童时期的体重管理则因其生长发育的特殊性而显得尤为关键,这一阶段的干预效果将直接影响个体终身的代谢健康轨迹[14–16]。尽管基层全科医生由于其服务范畴和执业范围受限无法参与复杂的产科及儿科专科诊断及操作,但在孕产妇和儿童健康管理中却具有重要的基础性作用,因此仍需强化基层全科医生培训,提升其体重管理相关知识和技能,特别是在孕产妇和儿童青少年体重管理方面的能力[17]。同时,适当引入儿科和产科等专科医生,探索建立与专科医生的有效协作机制,确保特殊人群能够获得全面、专业的体重管理服务。
目前社康机构体重管理门诊身体成分分析设备(如体脂秤和人体成分分析仪等)配置普遍不足的现状值得引起注意。传统的体质指数(body mass index, BMI)是一种快速、经济且可重复的测量方法,在肥胖的初步筛查中具有重要价值,但尽管BMI截断值针对不同种族人群肥胖特征及其与心血管代谢疾病的相关性已进行了适应性调整,但仍在个体化评估中存在显著局限性[18]。具体而言,BMI无法准确区分肌肉量与脂肪量,导致其对肌肉发达个体或水肿患者的肥胖程度高估,而对肌肉减少症患者则存在低估现象[19–20]。此外,BMI无法反映脂肪分布特征,因而难以评估局部脂肪堆积对健康的特异性影响[21]。这种测量偏差不仅削弱了BMI与代谢性疾病风险之间的关联强度,也限制了其在临床风险评估中的精准性[22]。相比之下,身体成分分析技术能够通过量化脂肪质量及其分布特征,更为准确地评估个体的肥胖相关健康风险,从而有效弥补BMI的不足[18],因此在肥胖筛查中将BMI与身体成分分析相结合具有重要的临床意义。然而,社康机构作为分级诊疗体系的第一道防线,其身体成分分析设备的配置缺失,在一定程度上制约了肥胖筛查的效率和准确性,因此未来应加强基层医疗机构的设备投入以提升肥胖筛查的分级管理能力,为早期干预提供更可靠的依据。
除上述情况外,还需从多方面入手解决当前体重管理门诊开设面临的困难:第一,卫生健康行政管理部门及各级医疗机构应加强公众科普教育,利用线上线下渠道(如进社区、入校、公众号和视频号等形式)逐步扩大体重管理知识普及的覆盖范围,提升居民体重管理意识和能力,提高主动就诊率和规范诊疗率[4];第二,积极构建整合型优质高效医疗卫生服务体系,推动医疗卫生工作资源下沉,以“市级医疗中心+基层医疗集团”形式组织相关培训和专家坐诊,提升基层医疗机构体重管理服务能力[23];第三,开发标准化体重管理模块,逐步实现全民健康教育、早期筛查、诊断评估、干预方案制定、长期随访和自我管理等全流程记录跟踪,整合居民健康数据,实现个人各类健康数据实时共享互联互通,提升服务连续性和管理效率,为实现全民全生命周期体重管理提供技术支撑。
综上所述,深圳市本次调查不仅为本地政策制定提供了数据支撑,其经验及结论也为全国体重管理服务体系建设提供了有益参考。随着《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》的深入实施,体重管理作为慢性病防控的重要切入点,其服务体系建设必将迎来新的发展机遇[24]。未来研究应重点关注分级诊疗模式下体重管理服务的标准化建设、多学科协作机制创新、基层服务质量提升以及数字化技术在体重管理中的应用效果评估,为推动我国体重管理服务的规范化、科学化发展提供更有力的循证依据。

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doi: 10.11847/zgggws1148777
  • 接收时间:2025-08-29
  • 首发时间:2026-10-23
  • 出版时间:2026-07-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-29
  • 修回日期:2026-01-07
  • 录用日期:2026-04-11
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    深圳市慢性病防治中心,深圳 518020

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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属
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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